Careers Guide 2015

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2015

with thanks to...

PLATINUM SPONSOR

GOLD SPONSORS

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SILVER SPONSORS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Editor: Brendan Lord Designer: Nathan Li Contributors: Lise Barry, Susai Benjamin, Tim Grellman, Sebastian Hartford Davis, David Mullan, Kerry Nettle, Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Pavtira Raja, Jenny Tridgell, Michael Zeimer.

Special thanks to all who contributed to the 2015 Careers Guide. I am truly appreciative of the efforts of Nathan Li (NXL Design) for his outstanding design work as well as Tim Grellman , Emma Grimley, Matt O’Connor and Valiant Warzecha for their time and counsel in the production of this guide.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or the Macquarie University Law Society and are in no way associated with Macquarie University Law Society.

Best efforts have been made to ensure that all information in this publication is correct as at 4th October 2015 but is subject to change without notice. The advice is merely advisory and should not be relied upon as professional advice.

This publication is distributed free of charge on the understanding that the authors, editor and any persons related to this publication are not responsible for the results of their actions or omissions on the basis of any information provided within this publication. The user of this guide therefore acknowledges that he or she will take responsibility for his or her actions and will under no circumstances hold the Editor, authors or Macquarie University Law Society responsible for any damage resulting to the user or anyone else from use of this publication.

MULS encourages those applying for any sort of graduate position to obtain confirmation of all information through the institution itself.

Contents 4

President’s Welcome and Editor’s Note

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Job Seeking for Law

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SECTION I: ADMISSION AND PRACTICE

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Solicitor

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Barrister

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Interview with Sebastian Hartford Davis

10 SECTION II: VOLUNTARY WORK AND EXPERIENCE 15 PACE 13 Interview with Johnny Hugh 14 Community Legal Centres 14 Government 15 Interview with Kerry Nettle 16 NGOs 17 Interview with Jenny Tridgell 18 Interview with Susai Benjamin 19

SECTION III: PUBLIC INTEREST CAREERS AND GRADUATE OPPORTUNITIES

20 Justice and Social Justice 21 Interview with Justice Connect 22 Prosecution 23 Interview with the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions 24 International 25 Law Reform and Policy & The Courts 26 Regulators 27 Government, Policing & Intelligence 29 Finance & Defence 30 SECTION IV: PRIVATE LAW AND ALTERNATIVE CAREERS 31 Commercial Law 32 Interview with Lise Barry 33 Corporate Advisory, Consultancy and Finance 35 Interview with David Mullan 39 International Careers 42 INDEX

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President’s Welcome XX Tim Grellman (President) As law students we frequently wonder what career opportunities are available to us. Sometimes we fall into the trap of thinking that the only opportunities out there are jobs in commercial law firms. A law degree opens you to many more opportunities than that. It is the goal of this Careers Guide to capture and present to you some of those opportunities.

This Guide connects you with careers opportunities in career paths which may interest you.

This Careers Guide reveals opportunities in a number of industry destinations, such as justice, prosecution and other governmental departments, the not-for-profit sector, international firms and

the commercial and corporate world. The Guide acknowledges that the way of thinking, the skills, and the abilities that you have acquired in your legal education equips you with the resources you need to succeed in a broad range of career paths.

For that reason, this Guide is useful to all law students, regardless of what stage you are at in your legal education.

Of course, this Guide would not be possible without countless contributors. As such, I thank all the contributors for their generosity in donating their time and insights. To our loyal sponsors, thank you for your continued support to the professional and personal development of the members of our Society. Finally, congratulations to our MULS Editor, Brendan Lord. It has been a privilege to work alongside Brendan and I congratulate him on this picture-perfect publication.

It is an honour to welcome you to the 2015 Careers Guide.

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Editor’s Welcome XX Brendan Lord (Editor) It is oft said that the legal profession is suffering from too much of a good thing; too many quality graduates and not enough job opportunities.

The legal profession, like any other market, is diverse and rich and abound with opportunities… if you know where to start looking. It is my hope that this guide may be used to navigate the often-imposing variety of paths within the legal profession, and provide students with the resources necessary to look beyond the prototypical forms of employment. There has been an added focus on

Social Justice and Public Sector Organisations, and a revamped section on how to get qualified in a foreign jurisdiction and opportunities to travel with a law degree. The use of your degree as the foundation for non-traditional career choices, reflect the diversity of interests held by those within the Macquarie Law School.

This career guide has been created to help students find employers who match their career objectives and provide information that will help with the process. For information regarding writing a resume, constructing a CV or attending an interview, I refer you to the 2015 MULS Clerkship Guide.

Best of luck in all your endeavors, wherever they take you!

Job Seeking for Law XX Pavitra Raja, MULS Corporate Careers Officer It is never too early to start considering your career prospects in law. Looking for employment is a complicated and competitive process. To make this process easier, I have put together a list of career & employment websites and resources for students and graduates. This is by no means an allencompassing list, but it is a solid starting point for those seeking a legal career.

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Macquarie University Career Hub: The Career Hub is your one stop shop for all your career needs. It is constantly updated with new opportunities and internships. It also lists career workshops, sample resumes and profiles on firms for your convenience.

College of Law Career Services: This service is targeted towards current and past students seeking work experience placement, graduate positions and legal positions with up to five years experience. This is one of the most user-friendly services available to students searching for Practical Legal Training or small firm experience.

Beyond Law: This is the most comprehensive career service for law students. Along with the job board, there are blogs with career advice from experts and past students, and other resources such as information on different legal career paths, sample cover letters and practice interview questions.

Survive Law: Along with being comprehensive guide to surviving law school, Survive Law also advertises positions for law graduates, interns, volunteers and industry placement.

Law Society of NSW: The Law Society jobs board is powered by Seek, which features thousands of legal jobs online. If you are looking to apply for multiple positions or just save yourself some time, create an online profile with Seek and register for email alerts for jobs that may interest you.

Eight tips for landing your dream job: 1. Ask yourself ‘what makes my heart sing?’

This by far is the most important thing to reflect on. Figure out the subject matter or pursuit that you truly enjoy and feel intellectually stimulated by. This could be something you are good at, your favourite law subject or any other passion or cause that interests you.

2. Do your research. Before applying for a job, make sure you do plenty of research on the firm, their values and their areas of practice.

3. Keep your resume updated. By keeping your resume updated, you are always prepared for any career opportunity that opens up to you.

4. Customise your cover letter. Don’t use the same cover letter for every job application.

Customise it to suit to your prospective employer and their needs. Refrain from using phrases like ‘To whom it may concern’. Take the time to find out the recruiters name or whom it is that will be reading your cover letter. When it comes to distinguishing yourself from your peers, small efforts can lead to massive gains.

5. Dress appropriately. You will never get a second chance to make a first impression. Let your personality stand out, not your wrinkled suit.

6. Lock down all your social media. Your Facebook statuses might win over your friends, but they could cost you a job. Make sure you change your settings to private on your Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts.

7. Don’t underestimate the power of networking. Around 80% of today’s jobs are landed through networking. Make sure you attend as many career events as you can, you never know, you could be talking to your future employer.

8. To succeed, you must have tremendous perseverance. You may have to apply to several jobs before landing your dream job.

Don’t get disheartened by this! Perseverance is the key to success.

Wish you great success in all your career endeavours.

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PART I: ADMISSION & PRACTICE

Solicitor Eligibility: The eligibility requirements for admission as a solicitor are set out in sections 24 and 25 of the Legal Profession Act 2004 (NSW) (LPA), which state that a person must: • Be over 18 years of age; • Complete a recognised tertiary qualification in law (completing the 11 core subject as per the Uniform Admission Rules) and the requisite Practical Legal Training (PLT); and, • Be a ‘fit and proper person’ – be of good fame and character (see s 9 of the LPA).

Practical Legal Training: Having completed an accredited law degree, graduates must undergo PLT with an approved course provider (as provided by the Fourth Schedule of the Legal Profession Admission Rules 2005).

For information on course providers and their course structures, see the following websites: • The College of Law • ANU Legal Workshop • UTS PLT generally consists of 3 components: 1. Coursework (full time, part-time, distance or on-campus) – which will include training for: • How to conduct legal research • Analysis of facts and the law • Problem solving • Interview technique and communication • Drafting advices • Advocacy • Dispute resolution Depending on the course provider, you will study core practice areas and may be able to select electives, which will allow you to focus on your intended area of practice/ specialisation. [Completion of LAW456 Dispute Management and Resolution may be credited for PLT course requirements] 2. Work Experience – a set number of working days that must be completed on a part-time or full time basis in an approved legal environment.

3. Continuing Professional Education – often

online self-assessment activities affirming what has been learnt in the coursework component of the PLT. ADMISSION AS A SOLICITOR OF THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW SOUTH WALES To practice as a solicitor in New South Wales you must: 1. Apply to be admitted as a lawyer in the Supreme Court of NSW (satisfying the eligibility and suitability requirements). Admission is only required once and this application is not required if you have been admitted in another state. A successful application will require you to attend the Supreme Court of NSW to: • Take and sign the Oath of practice; • Sign the roll of Australian Lawyers; and, • Gain an original Admission Certificate.

2. Lodge an application for a Practicing Certificate in the jurisdiction you intend to practice. This will need to be renewed each year in order to continue practicing. For NSW, applications are lodged via the Legal Profession Admission Board (LPAB).

Applications should be made using Form 10 from the Legal Profession Admission Rules 2005 and must have two character references attached in Form 3. Before admission, the NSW Law Society usually receives a list of proposed lawyers to be admitted from the LPAB and will send out these individuals a kit which includes a Practicing Certificate application form.

This form needs to be completed and payment sent to the Law Society Register by the specified date. Once admitted, the Admission Certificate will need to be taken to the Law Society to receive a Practicing Certificate.

[It is encouraged that you seek clarification and research the explicit requirements for the application and admission.]

PRACTICE Newly admitted solicitors are required to undertake two years of supervised practice and undertake a Practice Management Course if you wish to practice as a sole solicitor.

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Practicing certificates are renewed each year when the requirements of Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) are met. A set number of hours of professional development must be completed each year (10 MCLE units) such as private study, giving lectures, attending seminars and publishing articles.

To practice in a court exercising Federal jurisdiction, it is required that the lawyer is entitled to practice in State Supreme Courts and entry in the Register of Practitioners held by the High Court of Australia.

It is possible to practice in other Australian states and New Zealand through mutual recognition schemes without re-admission.

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Interview with Sebastian Hartford Davis Sebastian went to the Bar in May of 2014 and has tutored in Contract and Equity for the Macquarie Law School.

Having studied at Oxford to gain a Bachelor in Civil Law and later a PhD, how did you go about applying to study there?

Applying for postgraduate law at Oxford is like any other application invoing a standard form, supporting documents and referees. The distinguishing factor for the success of your application is usually grades –I think those with first class Honours should be well placed. Beyond that, the hardest part is likely to be meeting the fee liability.

As part of your application, you need to research which College best suits what you want to get out of the Oxford experience. I started at Keble College, which is traditionally sports orientated, and has a great law program. I then moved to New College, where I became a Junior Dean. The two colleges

Barrister Barristers are lawyers who specialise in court work and advocacy for clients before courts and tribunals.

Their work involves the preparation of court documents and advising client about the likelihood of their case being successful if litigated. Barristers work independently and are briefed by a solicitor before they take on work.

To practice as a barrister, a person must satisfy the following: 1. Be admitted as a lawyer by a State Supreme Court; 2. Gain a pass mark of 75 for all three Bar entrance exams, covering the topics of ‘Ethics’, ‘Evidence’ and ‘Practice and Procedure’ (this

were very different. People who have been to Oxford will be happy to help you decide a College.

[More information here] Having recently gone to the Bar, what was the process you had to go through to establish yourself as a barrister (aside from the admissions processes)?

I applied for a place at Banco Chambers over a year in advance of my anticipated start date (May 2014), and as part of my application made approaches to my tutors. I sat the exams in February 2014, and attended the bar course for the month of April 2014.

Other steps were purchasing the appropriate attire for court (robes, wig, bar jacket, jabot), an office chair and any computer equipment.

The bar course is very informative about other necessary matters such as professional indemnity insurance. It is also important to have savings to fall back on when you start up, since cash flow is often a real issue at the beginning. Many new barristers are able to solve the cash flow problem by doing devilling work (research etc for other barristers), where payment is often immediate. [More information here] You are quite young - why did you decide to go to the bar so young?

In my bar course, my impression was that the

must be attained before commencing the Bar Practice Course) • Each exam runs for 3 hours and are held in February and June each year.

• All three exams must be passed over a ten-month period. Exam fees are $250 per exam; 3. Undertaking the ‘Reading Programme’, which involves ‘reading’ under the supervision of a barrister (with at least 7 years experience) for at least 12 months and completing the month long Bar Practice Course.

• This is a four-week long full-time course held in Sydney in May and Aug/Sept of each year. The Bar Practice Course fee is $3,800.

In the following 11 months after the course, there it is also compulsory to satisfy requirements such as completing criminal and civil reading, two advocacy workshops and attending six follow-up sessions.

average age of people going to the bar was about 30. The conventional path to the bar is to work at a law firm in litigation for 4 to 5 years and then transition. My path was different - I worked as a judge’s associate, undertook postgraduate study overseas, and worked in a litigation practice before and after each of those things.

personal view (which your judge may or may not ask you about, but which will help you to get the most out of the experience), and packing the Court trolley with all the cases etc needed for the hearing.

2. Assisting the judge in court – this involved passing the judge cases or anything else he/ she might need, but also involved listening to submissions made by the barristers and observing their interaction with the bench.

3. Proofing judgments – in my experience, an associate plays no role in writing judgments, but would assist in checking references, making sure there were no typographical issues and that quotes were verbatim.

Timing is a personal thing. I felt that I was ready and preferred to go to the bar sooner rather than later. In the end, each person makes this decision alone.

As a student how would you prepare to go to the bar if that is your chosen path? What is the best piece of advice you can give to aspiring barristers?

First, do as many advocacy skills competitions (particularly mooting and witness examination) as you possibly can. Secondly, work hard. You need to understand the law, but you also need to have a good CV, both to get into chambers and to attract work.

What work did you carry out as an associate to Chief Justice French and how has working in this capacity aided your work as a Barrister?

In my experience, the work of an associate broadly has three stages: 1. Preparing for hearings - this involved writing research memoranda, summarising submissions, preparing and forming a

Having satisfied the above requirements, application to practice must be lodged with the Bar Association of NSW and practice must be commenced no later than ten months of passing the Bar exams.

Barristers are required to have Professional Indemnity Insurance and accrue Continuing Profession Development (CPD) credit each financial year for certificate renewal.

More information here.

My experience as an associate was formative, and has aided my practice at the bar in a number of ways. It gave me perspective into the work of a judge, it taught me how to read cases properly, and it was very helpful to be able watch some of the best barristers in action in the nation’s highest court.

Is there any general advice you would give to law students?

Pursue what you are passionate about, back yourself and don’t be too concerned about what everyone else is doing and the trends in the market.

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PART II: VOLUNTARY WORK & EXPERIENCE

Professional And Community Engagement (PACE) Units in the Macquarie Law School Professional and Community Engagement (PACE) units are participation units that have become a compulsory part of the completion of a Macquarie Law degree. They are an excellent opportunity to gain academic credit for practical experience in a range of organisations.

To be eligible to complete a PACE unit, you must have completed 48 LAW credit points. PACE International internships require a GPA of 3. All units involve an application process, and waivers are entered to enable successful applicants to enrol.

[Students are advised to confirm their eligibility with reference to the Macquarie Course Handbook] The following units are offered: LAW488 - ACCESS TO JUSTICE CLINICAL PLACEMENT PROGRAM Students involved in LAW488 engage in a structured program and observational learning environment within particular organisations. Students undertake placements with the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, Macquarie Legal Centre CLC general program, and Macquarie Legal Centre Family Law Program. LAW488 is also used for special placements that relate directly to social justice and access to justice issues. Currently students volunteer at the Refugee Advocacy and Casework Service (RACS), and participate in the ‘Considering Aboriginality’ database project with the Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS).

LAW488 places are advertised in November for Semester 1 of the following year. Students

apply for places in the various programs, and are selected mainly on aptitude and in some cases academic excellence. Occasionally additional placement opportunities will arise, and they will be advertised by the Convenor (Debra Ronan) via email. This unit is offered both in Semester 1 and 2 of the academic year.

LAW551- PROFESSIONAL AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT This unit provides the opportunity for students to engage with the legal profession and community through participation in a variety of workplace experiences including, but not limited to law firms, legal centres, community based legal organisations and services, government agencies and notfor-profit organisations. The experience may be via clerkship, volunteer work, or internship, and may be undertaken on a weekly or block basis, and students must do a minimum of 60 hours with the organisation. Students source their own placements, and must apply via on-line application to have their placement approved. Students are placement- prepared via MQ seminars, and are required to set and evaluate goals, engage in reflective practice, and an ethics based academic program. This unit is offered in Semester 1, 2 and 3 of the academic year.

LAW599 - LEGAL GOVERNANCE AND PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP In this unit students interact with legal practitioners and social justice policy-makers from the legal profession, government, corporates, and advocacy groups, to generate law reform proposals. Current stakeholders include the NSW Law Reform

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Commission, the Aboriginal Legal Service (NSW/ ACT) NSW Law Reform Commission, Rule of Law Institute of Australia and Equity and Diversity Unit, Macquarie University.

Students apply to participate in this unit via on-line application. Applications open and close in the prior session i.e. in session 1 for session 2.

LAWS552 - PACE INTERNATIONAL LAW552 involves participation in an international law placement for academic credit. It involves participation in a professional placement overseas that is arranged by the student them self; or as an international internship as part of Macquarie University PACE International program. PACE International internships may actual in country placements, or ‘remote’ where students participate in projects for organisations by engaging with them via ‘skype’.

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STUDENT - SOURCED OVERSEAS PLACEMENTS Students who source their own placement must do a minimum of 60 hours with the organisation. Recently students have worked for Law firms and other organisations in New York, London, Hong Kong, and the UAE. Students nominate a placement via on-line application. Applications open and close in the prior session, i.e. in session 1 for session 2. The Convenor will advertise the unit via email.

OVERSEAS INTERNSHIPS Overseas internships are offered during the winter and summer vacation periods, and range from 4-11 weeks. The internships are arranged by Macquarie Law School and MQ PACE International (with Australian Volunteers International). Involvement with these organisations is varied, and could include assisting with legal research, legal policy drafting, legal reform reviews, case assessments, case briefings, policy report and literature reviews, international and local comparative law analysis, researching or developing advocacy models or tools, researching or developing community

education models or tools, and creation of resources (e.g. advocacy or educational).

Organisations include: PACOS Trust, Sabah Malaysia; Arbitration Foundation Cambodia; Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee; Legal Aid Cambodia; ADHOC Cambodia; AIJI Cambodia; Bahay Tuluyan Foundation Inc, Philippines; Restless Development India.

International opportunities can be found on the PACE International web-page, and will also be advertised by the Convener (Debra Ronan) by email. The PACE International opportunities webpage can be found here.

Students undertaking LAW552 PACE International overseas placements may be eligible for PACE Travel Grants.

‘REMOTE’ INTERNSHIPS Students undertake remote internships during weeks 1-13 of session 1 or 2. Opportunities are advertised by the Convenor as they arise. Students contribute to the efforts of an NGO working on issues affecting our region, whilst also gaining legal work experience in an international environment.

This is an on-campus project, which uses online communication technologies such as Skype and email to engage virtually with the partner organisation.

Working in small teams, students utilise their knowledge and skills to engage in needs-based projects. Projects could include assisting with legal research, legal policy drafting, legal reform reviews, prepare case briefings, and undertake international and local comparative law analysis. The work will be based on a project brief developed by the NGO. Remote projects have been undertaken with Bahay Tuluyan (Philippines), HAQ (India), PACOS Trust (Sabah) and AIJI Cambodia

Interview with Jonny Hugh Law Student at Macquarie University; recently completed a PACE International Internship in Borneo.

Brief summary of volunteer experience PACOS Trust is a community-based organisation dedicated to supporting indigenous communities in Sabah, Malaysia. PACOS aims to empower indigenous communities through systematic building and strengthening of community organisations.

Working in Borneo doesn’t exactly seem like your typical office job. On a day-to-day basis, what was you experience volunteering?

For the first three weeks we were based at a homestay in the village of Kipouvo. Each morning we enjoyed a breakfast prepared by ladies from the village while overlooking a densely forested valley.

We worked from the PACOS office, which was a short drive from the village. Time in the office was spent learning about the communities which we were assigned to, conducting research into the legal issues which they faced and writing a report applying international and domestic policy to the community’s situation. We worked with the PACOS staff assigned to our group, who helped us to understand the issues, the community, domestic policy and our objectives. The working environment was much more casual than what I had experienced in Sydney and all the staff members were really approachable.

During the field trip we stayed with a family in a remote indigenous village. We would wake to the sound of roosters, which could be seen through between the cracks of the bamboo slat floor. The village elders guided us through rainforest to show us traditional medicines, hunting practices, community crops, their water supply and nearby palm oil plantations. Each day ended with swimming in the river to wash off.

What legal skills were you required to apply and what were the skills you developed?

While legislation and case law were in English, the challenge of locating and interpreting foreign legislation inevitably improved our legal research and analysis skills. Working with the community was a large part of the experience and the communication skills we developed translate to interviewing clients and verbal communication generally. Teamwork was another incredibly important skill that we developed during the project. We had to work effectively independently and as a pair to ensure the report was completed by the deadline.

What was the most challenging aspect of the experience?

The most challenging aspect would have to have been the language barriers. There were points where questions or responses would have to be translated twice before they were understood; from English to Malay before being translated in to the local dialect. This really slowed the process down. It required us to prepare simple questions that would help us answer more complex legal problems. We would often have to rephrase questions or verify responses by asking other community members and the PACOS staff who accompanied us.

How would you apply this experience to your career ambitions?

An experience like this is often brought up by an interviewer as it is different and allows you to demonstrate your capabilities. Beyond demonstrating legal experience, employers have been genuinely interested in the internship.

They have wanted to know more about the work completed, the organisation we worked with, where we were located, how our work was received and what I took from the experience.

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Community Legal Centres

Government

Community Legal Centres (CLCs) are independent community-based organisations, which provide equitable and accessible legal services to disadvantaged or marginalized people.

Whilst they employ part-time staff, there is a reliance on the contributions of student volunteers by students and solicitors.

The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) allows the opportunity for penultimate law students to work as voluntary interns with Commission members and legal staff. Interns can work with the ALRC for a day per week for one semester or in a three-week block over the summer break (during January and February).

The spectrum of CLC work can include: 1. Providing information and referral of matters; 2. Legal advice; 3. Legal casework and representation in specific areas of law; 4. Community legal education; and, 5. Law reform and the development of public policy.

These internships are an excellent opportunity for penultimate year students to become more aware of law reform issues whilst also enhancing research and writing skills. Work completed by interns is credited in ALRC publications and is undertaken under supervision of ALRC staff members.

2015 PROGRAM DATES

More information here.

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CLCs often specialise in providing support for targeted areas or for certain groups in society, some of the major CLCs include: • • • • • •

Refugee Advice and Casework Service (Immigration Law) Environment Defender’s Office (Environment and Planning Law) Women’s Legal Services (Family, Discrimination and Criminal Law effecting women) Financial Rights Legal Centre (Credit, Debt, Banking and Insurance Law) Aboriginal Legal Centre (NSW/ACT) (law effecting Aboriginal persons) Redfern Legal Centre [The RLC has two intakes of volunteer legal assistants throughout the year.]

A list of the CLC’s accepting applications for volunteer positions is available here.

[It is recommended that interested students email or call the organisations directly to confirm whether applications for volunteers are being taken.]

SEMESTER

INTERN PERIOD

Semester 1 (part time)

16 March – 5 June

Semester 2 (part time)

10 August – 23 October

Summer 2015 (full time)

Three week period between either: • 11 Jan – 20 Jan 2016; or • 1 Feb – 19 Feb 2016

For more information about the application process and criteria, see the ALRC internship site.

Interview with Kerry Nettle Advocacy and Human Rights Officer for Community Legal Centres NSW What is the focus of Community Legal Centres?

Community Legal Centres (CLCs) provide vital equitable legal services for the community, particularly those who are most disadvantaged and marginalised. CLCs provide information, referral and advice, and undertake strategic casework in the public interest, community legal education, and law reform and policy work. Community Legal Centres NSW is the peak body representing 39 generalist and specialist CLCs throughout NSW and provides ongoing support and professional training to its members.

How are the skills and interests of a law student relevant to your organisation?

Community Legal Centres NSW offer placements for law students. Law students would use their skills and interests to direct clients to the most relevant Community Legal Centre to receive legal advice, work on submissions to government and parliamentary inquiries, organise training for Community Legal Centre staff and be involved in law reform activities.

What does the organisation look for in a potential employee? Any advice to applicants?

Community Legal Centres look for employees who show a commitment to social justice and an interest in helping disadvantaged people. You may be involved in volunteer activities that help to demonstrate this. It is a very good idea to volunteer at a Community Legal Centre. You may have taken subjects such as human rights electives or international studies that demonstrate your interest in broader social issues.

What is the typical career path of graduates at your organisation?

Most people start by volunteering at a Community Legal Centre. This way you can see whether you like working at a Community Legal Centre. The Community Legal Centre can also get to know you and let you know when a position becomes available at a Community Legal Centre. Because of limited and short-term funding to Community Legal Centre part-time and short term positions are often available at Community Legal Centres and this may be an opportunity to see if you like this type of work. There are limited jobs available in the Community Legal Centre sector and so volunteering at a Community Legal Centre is a great way to get known in the sector. Being involved in activities where a number of Community Legal Centres get together (such as those organised by Community Legal Centres NSW) is a good way to get to know a number of different people and organisations in the sector.

Why work in the public sector? What differentiates work from a commercial environment?

Community Legal Centres are part of the community sector. You get a sense of purpose and pride working for clients who are disadvantaged. You are exposed to a wide range of issues and will likely see many clients every day, even on your first day. Community Legal Centres support a work-life balance and hours are not excessive.

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NGOs SALVOS LEGAL Salvos Legal is a ‘revolutionary’ not-for-profit law firm owned by the Salvation Army which performs paid property and commercial work as a means of funding its sister ‘legal aid’ firm Salvos Legal Humanitarian, a free full service firm that assists the disadvantaged or marginalised groups in society.

Volunteers can gain experience in both the Humanitarian and Commercial aspects of the practice at the Sydney Headquarters.

JUSTICE ACTION Justice Action is an independent advocacy group that assists victims of abuse of authority, particularly focusing on criminal justice and the health system.

Volunteers provide support for prisoners on mental health issues and in court as well as assist with legal policy development and initiating campaigns to expose systemic abuses.

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AURORA PROJECT The Aurora Project was established in response to the need for professional development of lawyers at Native Title Bodies and has expanded indigenous education and other matters generally affecting Indigenous Australians. The project facilitates internships for students in indigenous corporations, government bodies, community groups, non-forprofit and policy organisations in both regional and urban Australia.

Placements are with over 40 different organisations and law firms around the country. Internships are generally 4 weeks and are run in the winter and summer breaks.

TOONGABBIE LEGAL CENTRE TLC attempts to help those vulnerable and disadvantaged people who are in need of legal assistance and who do not qualify for Legal Aid. TLC does not receive any on-going core funds from either the Federal or State government.

For more information about how to get involved or volunteer, call 1300 373 353 and leave a message for Mr Susai Benjamin

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Amnesty International is an NGO, which focuses on raising awareness for and fighting against international human rights abuses and issues.

GREENPEACE Greenpeace is an independent organisation that uses non-violent direct action to expose environmental issues and lobby for government to take action.

DLA PIPER PRO BONO DLA Piper offers internships in the Sydney Office on a full-time basis (5 days per week) in their pro bono practice area. Applications are usually due by the 30th of September each year and applicants are notified of the outcome on or before the 31st of October.

This list is not exhaustive. Other internships include: • The Australian Human Rights Commission • The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade • Cancer Council • Lawyers Without Borders • The Australian International Disputes Centre

Interview with Jennifer Tridgell Law Student at Macquarie University and Intern at the Australian Human Rights Commission What is the selection process for the internship?

Applications for the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) internship program are open biannually. As university students must claim academic credit to be eligible, I completed my internship under LAW551, which is a PACE unit that allows students to source their own practical legal placement.

For the application, I had to include my CV, academic transcript, a written reference, and a copy of the university insurance policy. This was followed by a brief phone interview, before I was notified that my application was successful.

What work is the Australian Human Rights Commission involved in?

The AHRC is an independent statutory body that is responsible for education, policy development and human rights compliance in Australia. To achieve these aims, the Commission runs major inquiries into human rights issues of national importance, lodges submissions to Parliament and conducts research into human rights. It also resolves discrimination and human rights complaints, often through mediation.

How does the work of a government agency differ from a commercial environment?

My internship was in the Policy Division, working in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Cultural Reform team. There, I examined the progress of the ADF towards becoming a more inclusive and diverse workplace across dimensions of gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation, amongst others. I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to visit

to a military base, for which I prepared a briefing document. My team was very welcoming and supportive throughout my entire internship.

Working at the Commission, I gained a deeper understanding of the wider policy considerations of anti-discrimination legislation in Australia.

This provided insight into both public debate and the process of law reform around protection of human rights.

What skills did you develop as a result of the internship/how has your experience developed your career ambitions?

Working in the public sector, I honed my practical skills within the office environment.

Whether it was conducting research or drafting reports, I learnt broadly applicable and useful skills for the workplace.

More specifically, I appreciated the chance to learn more about human rights and anti-discrimination law in Australia. In the future, I hope to work in international human rights or humanitarian law, with a focus on the rights of women and Indigenous peoples. At the Commission, I met leading experts in this field (and some of my personal heroes).

Following my internship, I was offered a causal contract with the Discrimination and Research team at the AHRC. Throughout both my internship and employment, I thoroughly enjoyed the opportunity to work on fascinating subject matter with wonderful colleagues in an area that I hope to pursue further in my career.

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Interview with Susai Benjamin Honorary Director & Acting Principal Solicitor at Toongabbie Legal Centre

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What significant work has the Toongabbie Legal Centre completed recently?

What kind of employment/volunteer opportunities are available?

We offer free legal advice in two locations, Toongabbie & Blacktown (on-going) in the following areas: • Community Legal Education Initiatives (we participate in many local community events run by local schools, local Councils, Lions Clubs, Rotary Clubs). We put up a stall/marquee and distribute legal material to people thus making them aware of certain legal issues. Material either produced by TLC or large collections obtained from Legal Aid NSW. We also provide free legal advice during this time; • Production of Peoples’ guide on how to manage fines (with nearly 3 million fines issued). The production involved many persons including student volunteers; • Establishment of Children Contact Centre (planning stage); • Conducting MCLE Seminars for legal practitioners (on-going); • Offering limited advocacy, before Tribunal/ Courts (on-going); • Annual Fundraising Dinner & Raffle (during OctNov each year); and • Signing the Hague Convention (children abduction) campaign.

Opportunities are available to all who seek them.

There are a few students who were willing to take on specific responsibilities and within a short time period have developed leadership and knowledge play key-roles in service delivery and the overall administration of TLC.

What work is the TLC typically involved in?

TLC expects student-volunteers to be involved in all of the above programmes and projects.

What responsibilities and duties would a graduate have?

Law student volunteers will be able to acquire responsibilities in planning and executing many activities. They could get involved in various service oriented roles in many areas. Some of the personal growth opportunities include: • Confidence building; • Developing leadership; • Public Speaking; • Communication; • Interacting capacity; • People’s Skills; and • Organisation skills What is the typical career path of lawyers within your organisation?

The typical career path involves progressively taking on more responsible positions as volunteers and demonstrating the capacity to deliver legal services to the vulnerable and disadvantaged people.

In terms of employment there is nothing we could offer immediately or at some distant future.

More information here.

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PART III: PUBLIC INTEREST CAREERS & GRADUATE OPPORTUNITIES

Justice and Social Justice ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL (AAT) The AAT reviews administration decisions made by the executive branch of government – ministers, departments and agents.

LEGAL AID NSW Provides legal advice and representation for socially and economically disadvantaged clients across New South Wales.

It has 4 major divisions of operations – General Administrative, Security, Taxation and Veterans’ affairs.

Practice areas: Criminal Law, Civil Law, Family Law, Law Reform and Community Legal Education.

Practice Area: Administrative Law.

Employment opportunities at Legal Aid NSW are advertised on Jobs NSW.

Employment opportunities at the AAT are advertised in the Australian Public Service Gazette and can also be found here.

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To be eligible for employment by the AAT, prospective employees must: • Undergo a security and character check; • Be an Australian Citizen; • Not have received redundancy payment from the APS or a Commonwealth employer; and • Undergo a medical examination.

AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT SOLICITOR (AGS) Advises and represents government clients in most areas of law.

Practice areas: Government and Administrative Law, Corporate and Commercial, Dispute Resolution and Litigations and other general areas.

NSW CROWN SOLICITOR’S OFFICE Provides legal advice and services to the NSW State Government, Departments and Agencies.

Practice Areas: Administrative Law, Child Protection Law, Commercial Law, Community Law, Constitutional Law, Coronial Law, Criminal Law, Employment Law; Native Title Law, Property Law and Tort Law. Employment opportunities for the CSO are advertised on the CSO Website.

OFFICE OF PARLIAMENTARY COUNSEL Drafts bills and amendment bills for introduction into the Houses of Parliament as well as publication of information relating to legislation.

Practice areas: Law Reform and Drafting.

National Graduate Program – 12-month graduate program with placement as a practitioner in the AGS. • Application dates follow the NSW Law Society Graduate Program.

• The AG Graduate program includes an orientation program, rotation through one or more of the three AGS practice areas, placement with a government department or agency, pro bono work, sponsorship of PLT requirements, in-house training and mentoring support.

More information about the AGS Graduate Program here and here.

Employment opportunities are advertised on the OCP website and Jobs NSW. PUBLIC INTEREST ADVOCACY CENTRE (PIAC) PIAC is an independent, non-profit law and policy organisation, which provides legal assistance to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in society.

Area of Law: Law Policy, Discrimination Law, Human Rights.

PIAC advertises voluntary and paid positions on their website.

Interview with Justice Connect What is the focus of Justice Connect?

Justice Connect is a specialist legal service that brings together the best of Australia’s corporate and legal assistance sectors to help ensure that people facing disadvantage, and the organisations that support them, can access justice.

Alongside our role in connecting community lawyers and their clients with corporate lawyers ‘giving back’ to the community and volunteering their skills, we also provide dedicated legal support to clients through our growing innovative programs.

We also work closely with lawyers to build and strengthen lawyers’ commitment to their pro bono responsibilities and to support them to undertake pro bono work, and we challenge and change unfair laws and policies that cause or perpetuate injustice.

What significant work has the organisation completed recently?

Aside from the regular work of helping clients like Paul and Kirupa, Justice Connect have recently completed a number of projects, and embarked on others. We have finished the first year of our Locked into Homelessness project, helping inmates at Port Phillip Prison avoid homelessness upon release, aiming to halt the revolving door of homelessness and incarceration. Our Women’s Homelessness Prevention Project has helped scores of women at risk of homelessness avoid eviction. Our Not-for-profit Law program has received funding to take our successful Information Hub, education, training and advice services for community organisations nationwide. Our Seniors Law program has led the way in developing the Health Justice Partnerships Network, and have established a trial – where a lawyer is

stationed in a healthcare centre to provide legal solutions to problems causing ill-health – at cohealth in Footscray, Melbourne, with more to come. And our Self Representation Service has added Fair Work and Human Rights matters to our existing support for those unrepresented in bankruptcy matters.

What sets this organisation apart from others?

Justice Connect’s strength comes from our passion for pro bono legal work. With our deep and strong connections with both the community legal sector and Australia’s largest law firms, we can bring together lawyers who choose to give back by working pro bono, with clients who are in need of their help. These pro bono lawyers receive work from our Referral Service, and support our own lawyers working in our various programs that help those facing disadvantage.

What is the typical career path of lawyers within your organisation?

It varies. We have staff that started with Justice Connect as volunteers, then undertook their PLT placements at Justice Connect and are now staff.

Some lawyers have come to Justice Connect from the legal assistance sector whilst others have made the transition from a corporate environment. It also varies from team to team within the organisation.

Why work in the community legal sector?

What differentiates work from a commercial environment?

Young lawyers looking to make a difference can work at a not-for-profit organisation such as Justice Connect and contribute directly to improving the lives of those experiencing disadvantage.

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NSW COUNCIL FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES (NSWCCL) The NSWCCL is an independent human rights and civil liberties organisation, which fights against infringement of democratic rights, liberties and the abuse of power by the government and their agencies. The NSWCCL assist victims of systemic abuses by conducts cases where civil liberties are infringed and promote awareness of associated issues.

Area of Law: Law Policy, Human Rights, Administrative Law. THE PUBLIC DEFENDERS Public Defenders are barristers appointed under the Public Defenders Act 1995, who represent legally aided people charged with serious criminal offences.

Most Public Defenders have at least 5-10 years experience at the private Bar before appointment, and will have to demonstrate extensive criminal law advocacy experience at a high level to be considered for the position.

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Area of Law: Criminal Law Due to the level of experience needed, there is no graduate intake program. However, students interested in criminal law may gain work experience through the following opportunities; • Applying through university place programs, such as PACE; • To fulfil requirements of Practical Legal training; and • Volunteering, subject to availability of work and resources.

Prosecution OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS (NSW) The independent criminal prosecuting body for the state of New South Wales.

Area of Practice: Criminal Law Legal Development Program A graduate program that affords the opportunity to undertake paid experience in criminal prosecutions, gain professional development and obtain formal feedback.

To be eligible, you must have: • Completed the coursework component of PLT; • Completed, be currently undertaking or haven’t started the work experience aspect of PLT; and • Addressed the selection criteria as advertised.

• The program is available at locations in Sydney and Sydney’s West on a full-time (35 hours per week basis) for up to 12 months. [More information here] OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS (CTH) The independent criminal prosecuting body for the Commonwealth of Australia.

Area of Practice: Criminal Law. The CDPP has offices in most Australian major cities including Sydney.

Job opportunities and eligibility requirements are advertised on the CDPP website.

Interview with the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions What work is the CDPP typically involved in?

The CDPP is within the Commonwealth AttorneyGeneral’s portfolio, but we operate independently of the Attorney-General and the political process.

We aim to provide an effective and efficient independent prosecution service that contributes to a fair, safe and just Australia where Commonwealth laws are respected, offenders are brought to justice and potential offenders are deterred.

Commonwealth criminal activity continues to evolve and expand reflecting changes in contemporary society and posing significant threats to Australia.

Rapid technological development and the increasingly international nature of society enables innovative, highly coordinated and sophisticated criminal activity. A large part of the CDPP’s practice involves serious and organised criminal activity as offenders constantly look for vulnerabilities to exploit for criminal gain.

Crime types include: • Fraud including social security fraud, tax fraud, and general fraud • Serious drugs • Commercial prosecutions • Counter-terrorism • Money laundering • Human trafficking, slavery and slavery-like conditions • People smuggling • Child exploitation • Environment prosecutions • Safety prosecutions • Cybercrime

What does the organisation look for in a potential employee? Any advice to applicants?

We’re looking for people who value integrity, honesty, impartiality and who want to make a difference. Working alongside our experienced prosecutors, you’ll have the opportunity to actively participate in shaping our organisation and work with our partner agencies to deliver services that ultimately contribute to a safer Australia How are the skills and interests of a law student relevant to your organisation?

We are looking for graduates with a strong record of academic achievement, who have a genuine interest in criminal law issues and understand the important contribution our work makes in society.

Core skills will also include excellent written and verbal communication skills, integrity, and ethical practice.

What is the typical career path of lawyers within your organisation?

The CDPP generally conducts Commonwealth prosecutions in the State and Territory courts of Australia. Our work is not limited to only litigation in court. We are also involved in a range of other work such as assessing evidence, drafting charges and providing legal advice and assistance to investigators. Commonwealth offending can often involve very large and complex briefs of evidence which may take significant time and expertise to consider and formulate strategies to prosecute.

CDPP prosecutors appear in all levels of the courts from Magistrates Courts to the High Court and we are involved at all stages of the prosecution process including mentions, bail, summary matters, committals, trials and appeals. This differs somewhat from the majority of State and Territory DPPs where the emphasis is mainly on committals and trials and there are police prosecutors who handle many matters at earlier stages.

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International DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE DFAT is concerned with Australia’s security, prosperity and citizens who are overseas. It provides foreign and trade policy advice to the government.

Area of law: International Law.

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Graduate Program • Policy Graduates – for applicants seeking a career in policy development and working in areas such as the multilateral desks (such as disarmament, counter-terrorism or human rights), bilateral desks, trade desks (covering areas such as the WTO, free trade agreements or international finance) and corporate desks (such as consular or human resources).

• Corporate Graduates – for applicants who are seeking to manage the department’s human and financial resources including financial services and management, corporate planning and auditing, post management and other consular issues.

Both programs involve a two-year development program in Canberra, which consist of rotational work placements and formal training modules.

Graduates who complete the program are eligible for long-term placement in the department and can apply for overseas postings.

More information about the DFAT graduate programs here.

DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND BORDER PROTECTION DIBP is responsible for managing migration, protecting refugees, developing Australia’s humanitarian policy, contributing to border management and ensuring compliance with immigration law. The Department also supports migrants and refugees in settling in the Australian community as well as promoting a multicultural society.

Areas of Law: Policy Development, International Law and Immigration Law. Graduate Development Program DIBP runs a general graduate program, which will expose graduates to the different aspects of the portfolio including: settlement and citizenship; multicultural affairs; case management and care arrangements for people in immigration detention; international engagement and border management; interpreting and applying legislation; refugee and humanitarian issues; technology services; financial services; and human resources management.

The program lasts 10 months with graduates taking up full time employment in the department. [More information here]

Law Reform and Policy & The Courts AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION The Australian Law Reform Commission falls under the Attorney General’s portfolio and is responsible for reviewing Commonwealth laws to ensure that they enable access to justice for all Australians and that existing legal processes are efficient and fair.

The ALRC is independent from the government and makes recommendations for law reforms in reports to parliament.

Area of Law: Law Policy and Training.

Employment opportunities are advertised on Jobs NSW. THE JUDICIARY Traditionally judges are appointed from the Bar, however, some have come from academia or as a solicitor. High Court Justice Stephen Gageler was appointed with no judicial experience and did not go to the Bar.

Area of Law: Law Policy.

JUDGE’S ASSOCIATE A JA works as an individual judge’s personal assistant, researcher and performs tasks such as listing cases, liaising with barristers and other members of the legal profession and court staff.

However, the exact work depends on jurisdiction, the court and the judge.

For information about the ALRC internship program see the Voluntary Work section. The ALRC regularly advertises job opportunities on its careers page.

These roles last for one or two years and JAs are usually recent graduates, however, some judges prefer graduates with a couple years of experience.

NSW LAW REFORM COMMISSION The NSW Law Reform Commission performs a similar role to the ALRC for NSW legislation, responding to briefings from the NSW Attorney General and other stakeholders.

JAs are recruited individually by the judges and often these positions are not advertised.

Area of Law: Law Policy.

The Australian Law Students’ Association (ALSA) releases an annual Judge’s Associate Guide, which is an excellent resource for information and tips for your applications.

Internships: The NSWLRC offers legal internships during the summer and winter vacation periods for penultimate year students and recent graduates.

Interns work on a full time basis within a six to eight week period (a minimum of four weeks full time) [More information here] JUDICIAL COMMISSION OF NSW The Judicial Commission of NSW is an independent branch for the judicial arm of government, which aims to achieve consistency in sentencing; organising and supervising the continuing education of judicial officers and investigate complaints against judicial officers.

It also advises the Attorney General on relevant matters and liaises with other stakeholders.

Positions are occasionally advertised on the College of Law website.

TIPSTAFF Tipstaff positions often come up in the Supreme and lower courts. These positions involve a large amount of time in court, assisting the judge in performing legal research and administering procedural aspects of the court (announcing the court is in session, administering oaths and dealing with the jury).

Positions are advertised in the Supreme Court website.

General Administrative Positions • Registrars; • Legal assistants; and • Law clerks.

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Regulators AUSTRALIAN PRUDENTIAL REGULATORY AUTHORITY APRA regulates the Australian Financial Industry, specifically banks, credit unions, building societies, insurance providers and superannuation. They monitor the financial position and outlook of these institutions, assess risks in financial institutions, licence new institutions and enforce law to protect investors.

AUSTRALIAN COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA AUTHORITY ACMA is the statutory authority responsible for regulation of broadcasting, the Internet, radio communications and telecommunications. It has its main offices in Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney.

Area of Law: Financial Law

ACMA doesn’t offer a regular graduate and hires based on demand. These opportunities are advertised on their website.

More information on APRA Graduate programs here and here.

AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER AND COMPETITION COMMISSION The ACCC promotes competition and fair trade in Australian markets for the benefit of consumers and businesses.

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Areas of Law: Information Technology Law and Media Law.

NSW OMBUDSMAN The Ombudsman is an independent watchdog, which scrutinises public and private sector agencies and employees to ensure that they fulfil their functions properly. They similarly play a role in ensuring that these agencies and their employees are aware of their responsibilities to the public.

Area of Law: Competition Law Area of Law: Administrative Law. ACCC Graduate Program Graduates take part in three 14-week rotations and may undertake interstate rotations as part of the training. [More information here] AUSTRALIAN SECURITIES INVESTMENT COMMISSION ASIC is Australia’s corporate, markets and financial services regulator. They uphold Australia’s economic reputation and wellbeing by ensuring that Australia’s financial markets are fair and transparent and supported by confident and informed investors.

Area of Law: Corporate Law. ASIC Graduate Program: The ASIC Graduate Program lasts for a year with four month rotations across one of their six Australian Offices. [More information here]

Job vacancies are advertised on the Ombudsman’s website.

Government, Policing & Intelligence DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY GENERAL AND JUSTICE NSW The NSW Department of Attorney General and Justice is responsible for overseeing the delivery of legal, court and supervision services for NSW. It manages the courts and justice services, implements programs to reduce crimes and reoffending, manages custodial and community-based custodial services, and advises on law reform.

Area of Law: Criminal Law. Internships: • The Legislation, Policy and Criminal Law Review Division of the Department offers a Summer Clerkship Program, which is coordinated to coincide with the Law Society of NSW dates.

• Summer Clerks will perform work such as: preparing briefings for the Attorney General, liaising with key stakeholders, performing indepth research and analysis of proposed Bills and/or policy reform and writing speeches.

[More information here] COMMONWEALTH DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY GENERAL The Attorney General’s (AG) Department is responsible for providing support for the Australian Government to maintain law, justice, national security, emergency management and natural disaster relief. The department is split up into 3 groups: • Civil Justice and Legal Service; • Strategic Policy and Coordination; and, • National Security and Criminal Justice.

Areas of Law: Family Law, Criminal Law, International Law and Policy and Law Reform.

The AG’s department offers 3 opportunities for employment: 1. Standard employment: Policy and program areas such as civil justice; family law and legal assistance; criminal justice; law enforcement; crime prevention; national and protective security; international law; native title; emergency management; and, corporate services.

2. Graduate employment • The AG’s Department offers a 12-month program consisting of 3 work rotations in major department areas, with a guaranteed permanent placement in the department.

• To be eligible for the Program, applicants must be Australian citizens and have a qualification equivalent to a threeyear Australian undergraduate degree.

Applicants must also have completed their degree no more than five years before the program commences. [More information here] 3. Summer Internships • The Department offers a Summer Intern Program between November and February each year.

• Interns undertake research assignments, project work on policy development, project or case management, and preparing briefing material, submissions and reports.

• These internships take place in Canberra and applicants are expected to pay relocation and accommodation costs.

Similarly, successful applicants are unable to choose the area of the department for placement. [More information here]

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DEPARTMENT OF PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET The Department provides policy advice to the Prime Minister and Cabinet in areas such as economic and industrial policy, social policy, national security, international policy and strategic policy. It assists on developing policies, coordinates and implements Government decisions, provides administrative support, facilitates intergovernmental relations and communications between State and Territory Governments.

Areas of Law: Administrative Law, International Law and Law Policy.

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DPMC Graduate program: • The DPMC offers a year-long Graduate program, which includes several rotations through key areas of the Department with the opportunity to nominate areas of interest for these rotations.

• Applicants must hold a Bachelor’s degree, have at least a credit average and be willing to relocate to Canberra. [More information here] DPMC Vacation program: • The DPMC also allows university students to undertake a 10-week specific project or task under the supervision of an experienced officer. In this role students’ work may include: research assignments, project work on policy development, project or case management, preparing briefing material, submissions and report, as well as participating in administrative activities.

• Applicants must be Australian citizens, pass national and personal security clearance and possess a credit average. [More information here]

AUSTRALIA SECURITY INTELLIGENCE ORGANISATION ASIO is Australia’s intelligence agency, which investigates threats to security and provides advice directed at protecting Australia. Their work entails acting against threats to security including: espionage, serious threats to territorial integrity, sabotage, politically motivated violence, promotion of communal violence, attacks on Australia’s defence system and acts of foreign interference.

Areas of Law: Administrative Law, Litigation, Criminal Law and Civil Law. Employment - ASIO job vacancies are advertised on the ASIO Website.

AUSTRALIAN SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE “Nothing to see here. Move along, citizen.”

Intrigued? Search.

Finance & Defence AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE The ATO is the Australia government’s revenue collection agency, which is responsible for managing the nation’s taxation, excise and superannuation systems.

Areas of Law: Tax Law and Business Law. ATO Graduate Program: • The ATO has 6 specialist streams: law, finance and accounting, information technology, business design, marketing communications, people management and business management.

• Graduates must be Australian citizens, have graduated by the end of the academic year preceding the Graduate program and undertake a criminal history check.

NSW TREASURY The Treasury is the NSW government’s primary economic and financial adviser, working with government agencies in health, education, transport, police and housing.

Its role includes preparing the NSW State Budget, developing and implementing the state government’s fiscal and economic policies and, assessing economic and financial risk.

Area of Law: Tax Law and Business Law. Treasury Graduate Program The Treasury offers a 12-month program with the opportunity to undertake 3 rotations through its different branches.

More information see here. It is also worthwhile checking the Commonwealth Treasury Website and Graduate Program.

AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE (ADF) The ADF particularly offers the opportunity for lawyers to become Legal Officers in the respective branches of the defence forces: • Air-force • Army • Navy

DISCLAIMER: This is not exhaustive but it is a starting point for further research into Public Interest Careers. Other areas and agencies for consideration can include: • AusAID • Australian National Audit Office • Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry • Department of Defence • Department of Education • Department of Employment and Workplace Relations • Department of Finance and Deregulation • Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communications • Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy • Public Interest Law Clearing House (PILCH)

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PART IV: PRIVATE LAW & ALTERNATIVE CAREERS

Commercial Law While most of the large commercial law firms draw their graduates from their Clerkship Programs, a large number of firms also offer graduate programs separately from Clerkship intakes or advertise positions in the job opportunities section of their website.

Some of these firms include: • Baker & McKenzie • Brown, Wright & Stein • Hunt & Hunt • Jones Day • Maddocks • Sparke Helmore For specific information about Commercial Law and its scope of practice, please see the 2015 Clerkship Guide.

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GRADUATE PROGRAM TIMELINE: The below dates are the 2015 timeline for Graduate programs and have been provided as an approximate guide for the 2016 Graduate Program dates which will be set by the NSW Law Society.

DATE

EVENT

Tuesday 3 March 2015

Applications for graduate positions open.

Friday 17 April 2015

Applications for graduate positions close at 5.00pm.

Monday 11 May 2015

Interviews for graduate positions commence.

Friday 12 June 2015

Offers for graduate positions can be made.

Friday 19 June 2015

Offers for graduate positions must be accepted or declined by 5.00pm.

The NSW Law Society Graduate Program dates will be updated and found at their website.

[Applicants are advised to obtain confirm of the dates of applications and the firms that offer Graduate programs]

Interview with Lise Barry Community Justice Centre Mediator and Senior Lecturer/Tutor for Dispute Management and Resolution and Law, Lawyers and Society.

What made you decide that you wanted to become a mediator?

I had a background in social welfare and counselling services before I completed my law degree, so mediation was a fairly natural fit for me. It combines legal problems, relationship issues and helping people to find resolutions that they can live with. I am naturally drawn to therapeutic jurisprudence and processes that flow from that approach and I already had some of the skills and experience needed in mediation through my work as a youth justice conference convenor.

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What process do you go through to become accredited and what ongoing requirements exist?

To become an accredited mediator, you need to complete an accredited course that is a minimum of 38 hours and includes simulated mediation roleplays. You also need to have your skills assessed in a role-play and through written assessments. Private courses cost around $4000 with some charging extra for role-play assessment leading to accreditation.

If you wish to mediate family law disputes and be accredited to provide certificates of mediation under the Family Law Act, then you need to complete specialist training as a Family Dispute Resolution Practitioner.

Some mediators work in a blended model where they combine specialist skills and give expert advice as part of their dispute resolution process – so they may also have specialist qualifications in engineering, architecture, medicine etc.

In addition to education qualifications, there are requirements to be of good character and to hold insurance.

Every two years you need to go through the re-

accreditation process and provide evidence that you have completed a minimum of 25 hours of co-mediation, solo mediation or conciliation and 25 hours of professional development.

What does working as a mediator involve?

I work for the Community Justice Centre, which provides free mediation services for a range of disputes. One of the things that I most like about this work is the variety of disputes and disputants. I could be mediating a workplace dispute for people in the Department of Education one week, a family mediation for a separating couple the next.

A commercial dispute over a failed contract or a neighbourhood dispute resolving disagreements over a fence or trees. Having seen first hand how court cases can destroy relationships and damage people, it’s very rewarding to help them resolve their disputes with as little expense and stress possible.

Working as a mediator involves facilitating people to resolve their disputes. In a classic mediation, the mediator facilitated discussions between the parties in the dispute by taking them through a planned process of listening to each other, prioritising their interests, developing options for resolving their dispute and fashioning a workable agreement.

Having a background in law means that a mediator may have a good understanding of any legal issues involved, but it isn’t their role to provide legal advice. A mediator needs to be able to facilitate discussions impartially and provide the parties with the opportunity to hear one another. You need to be able to reality test the resolutions that people want, so that they can walk away from the dispute feeling as though their agreement is the best way to meet their interests.

Mediators need to have good people management skills, really well developed communication skills

Corporate Advisory, Consultancy and Finance and the ability to guide people towards resolutions without giving them advice.

What have you found to be the best and worst elements of a career in mediation?

I really enjoy the variety of the work and the range of people that you deal with in mediation. It’s very emotional work, which I like. You see people at their best and sometimes at their worst.

There are times when you can feel really frustrated with people who seem to delight in their conflict and are making life miserable for someone as a result. Sometimes in those situations its hard to maintain your impartiality.

Most mediators do other work as well as mediation. Its not easy to make a living out of providing mediation services and given how emotionally draining it is, I’m not sure I would want to do it full time.

What important steps along the way helped you to get to where you are now? Did you expect to end up where you are now?

I think my training and experience in counselling helped me develop the skills for mediation. I was also a Police Officer when I was much younger. Any job where you are dealing with conflict resolution is a good training ground. I went from Police Officer to working with young homeless people, to running youth justice conferences to mediation. Along the way I studied part time for my social science and law degrees. I also went from being a part time to a full time academic. I didn’t have a well thought out career plan, but looking back there has been a natural evolution that has combined my interests in people and relationships with my interests in law.

Corporate advisory work is not strictly legal; however having a legal background has many advantages. Corporate advisors/analysts/advisors/ consultants offer commercial companies advice on a wide variety of business transactions occurring within the company. They are found in the areas of investment banking; management consultancy, insolvency recovery, accounting and taxation.

Areas of practice for consultants include change management, corporate renewal, corporate strategy, cost & supply chain management, growth strategy, mergers & acquisitions, performance improvement and private equity.

Such companies include: • Deloitte • KPMG • Ernst & Young • Boston Consulting Group • McKinsey & Co. • Price Waterhouse Cooper IN-HOUSE COUNSEL Most commercial companies and larger corporations have their own dedicated legal department. The inhouse teams provide legal advice to the corporations, assist in the management of corporate risk, ensure compliance with legislation and instigate change where new legislation affects business operations.

In-house teams usually seek juniors with an interest in the particular industry such as entertainment and media. Such corporations could include: • Foxtel • Canon • Metcash Ltd • Seven Network

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PERSONAL INJURY LAW Large firms to consider if you are interested in Personal Injury Law: • Maurice Blackburn • Shine Lawyers • Slater & Gordon • PK Simpson • Gerard Malouf and Partners • Stacks Goudkamp

MEDIATION Mediation is a non-litigious method of dispute resolution, which involves the facilitation of negotiation between parties by a third party neutral (a mediator).The mediator assists the parties by identifying the issues that need to be resolved, guides them in a process of discussion and creative problem solving that may result in the parties coming to an agreement.

FAMILY LAW Family law firms are mostly small boutique firms rather than full service firms; the largest specialist family law firm is Watts McCray.

Work in mediation can include in the areas of: • Commercial disputes; • Neighbourhood disputes; • Family law disputes; • Workplace disputes; and • Environmental and planning disputes.

LEGAL PUBLISHING Work in legal publishing requires liaising with professionals and academics, proof reading material for publication, conducting market research and updating online databases with legislative changes.

For experience in this area the university offers a Law Journals Subject (LAW483) and there is always the opportunity to work on publications such as The Brief or Grapeshot.

Publishing Companies are often looking for casual or part time editors and work will be advertised on the following pages: • Lexis Nexis • Thomson Reuters • CCH Large commercial law firms often have large Knowledge Management departments where staff may be required to perform research and edit newsletters, which update precedent within practice groups and general developments in the law.

Mediation services are provided by organisation such as the Community Justice Centre (part of the NSW Attorney General Department), LEADR Association of Dispute Resolvers, the Australian Commercial Disputes Centre and family law specialists including Unifam and Relationships Australia.

In addition, many law firms are also beginning to offer these services.

ACADEMIA Teaching requires the acquisition of knowledge, the critical survey of texts, cases and writers, and constant reappraisal of one’s own thinking. It also creates opportunities to travel to conferences and present ideas, obtain critiques and develop knowledge; to interact with colleagues, students and the media; to develop a breadth and depth of legal knowledge that is not constrained by a client or a case or time; and fundamentally it allows one to influence the way people think about the law, both presently and in the future.

A career as an academic often begins with shortterm or casual positions as a tutor. In addition to substantial teaching experience, you will need to develop a research and publications track record.

A post-graduate research degree is expected for a career in academia. While it is not immediately necessary, many academics obtain doctorates when they join faculties.

Interview with David Mullan Associate Lecturer for Macquarie Law School who transitioned from a commercial career to a career as an academic.

Where did you start working when you finished university?

I started working before I finished university. I got a clerkship at a firm called Addison’s; at the time they were a smallish, boutique kind of firm and now they are fairly large, mid-tier type of arrangement.

As I had been working the clerkship there, I knew I had the job lined up when I finished university, and I rolled straight into that.

And after that?

I went all over the place. One of the problems was, I was not a great lawyer. I could do the job, it took me a lot longer than anyone else to do the job, but, there was also a steep learning curve for me. I loved the theory of law, I love law itself, I can usually get my head around legal concepts. The procedural and administrative aspects, the “dotting the t’s, crossing the i’s”, I was terrible at. Unfortunately I wasn’t brilliant and when you realise you are not brilliant the only way to have career progression is to switch sideways where all your achievements on paper sound excellent, and they do not realise where you are lacking.

As someone who has had experience with a couple of firms, do you think that would be a hindrance entering into a job market?

By the end it probably got that way. In my last interview I was very upfront about it. I said ‘look, I got fired; not from incompetence, but a personality problem’.

The longevity of these jobs is not what you see elsewhere. The idea that someone starts as a clerk and ends up a partner in that same firm is not a reality. If you can do that you will be remarkable. Sometimes two years is good enough. Three years is a good stretch.

What made you choose to move into teaching? Did you always have a career in academic life in mind?

It started with an application for a PhD scholarship; something I had always wanted to do. I never wanted to be a lawyer or a law student. My dream was to drive a bulldozer at an open cut mine. I got my HSC results and thought I should probably go to university. I thought lawyers would be rich, and I wanted to be rich, so I took a leap with law.

I sat down for the first class I had; a Friday 4-6pm jurisprudence lecture. Dr Kelly was taking it that year and she just started speaking. Frankly, I did not understand a word of it but it was just brilliant and I thought ‘wow if only I understood’. It was kind of the first moment I got this idea that this would be an awesome job. If I dedicated my life to reading, I still would not be that smart. Imagine if I could understand that kind of depth, engage with that kind of idea and thought. As I went through the law degree there are a few others I came across, sitting in their classes and thinking ‘this is just incredible’.

They give these classes, which they teach socratically and you will be challenged on things and you would always come up wanting, thinking how much more there was to know about these things. It would be a great job going in; I could learn from the students, they could learn form each other, it would just be this great exploration of ideas.

You finish university and there is this mad clerkship rush. You might not want to be a corporate lawyer but everyone is applying for these clerkship things.

There is this idea that if I do not get the clerkship I will never get anything, ever. I started firing off resumes to everyone that would have me. I land a clerkship and just went with it because, ‘wow, what an honour and a blessing’ to have any kind of employment with this law degree. You get

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caught up in a bit of a cycle where you are earning money, but you feel you need the money, you need prestige, you need to achieve more, you need to get promoted. Its not until you get that sober moment where you realise you never wanted this in the first place. This idea, that I wanted to go into this environment engage with ideas, engage with people, interact and think about the law, where was it and what am I actually doing?

What did you learn from the change?

Probably the strangest thing for me was recognising that the society we live in does not respect teachers.

You tell people you are a lawyer; they do not like you but think you are brilliant. You tell people you teach casually at university; they assume you are a failure in life, which is rather remarkable because its not as if getting a job teaching at university is any less difficult. You would hope people would appreciate that you are inspiring the next generation, but there is this level of disdain.

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The other thing I learned fairly quickly coming in here, is law does change your personality.

Corporate law, merger and acquisitions, you get into an environment that is fairly fast paced, a direct environment. You are in an adversarial system and people tend to talk quite adversarially. Coming into a teaching environment, particularly with students coming out of high school, it is quite different. I remember telling a student in my first class they were incorrect and listed four reasons why…there was a look of terror across the whole class and no other student wanted to answer a question for the entire semester. I thought, law’s done something to me. I need to readjust.

Whenever you start a new career in a new place, you realise your personality doesn’t fit in here yet.

You need to sand off some corners, or develop some corners or do one or the other.

It was an adaptive change, as opposed to a fundamental one?

Teaching gives you more time to think things through. It gives you lot more freedom. Law firm life is like any other job. You go there for set hours, you are in an office and you are constantly busy.

Academia has this flexibility where you can sit and contemplate and think about what you are actually

doing; what it’s doing to the world, what it’s doing to you, which is why academics are always accused of being academics, worrying about things that someone in practice does not have time to worry about. Unfortunately what tends to happen is the person in practice tends to say ‘I do not have time to worry about it, it’s not valuable’. And the academic says ‘no one else is thinking about it, I am the only one of value’. It breeds this false dichotomy between practice and academia that they have nothing to do with each other. I think if there were more people in practice who valued academia and more people in academia who were willing to work with those in practice, they would realise there is more common ground than those who live without.

What does your job as an academic entail?

40% teaching, 40% research and 20% administration.

The teaching is the most physical bit, and most students are familiar with it, you are just on the other side of the class. If you quite enjoy class, it’s perfect. You get paid to go to your university tutorial. The repetition is probably the downside, in that you might teach the same class 13 times in a week. That said, you have 13 different set of students, there is enough variation in there that it’s enjoyable. I’ve never woken up and thought ‘I do not want to teach today’.

Research – you just have to publish. It is a world of metrics. You have to publish a certain amount of papers, in a certain amount of time to get a certain amount of points which links to scores and links to getting money. Really all that it comes down is you have got to publish good material. You do choose what you write on - if space law is your passion, you can just learn about space law, produce thought on space, produce papers on space law, get published.

Administration – is misleading at first. Dealing with student emails is part of teaching. Administration relates to roles in the university that need to be done.

Are you undertaking a post-graduate research degree? Is there anything you wished you did earlier in your career to assist this process?

Yes I have just finished a PhD. One of the things I wish I had have done more was publishing articles. I did my honours thesis and at the time

someone said ‘you’ve got 10 000 words maybe you should consider publishing it’. I thought why would I bother doing that and went off and worked. Probably 20 or 30 times where I had to do research for a case it was easy enough to just slap a top & tail on it, put it out to a journal article and get it published. Had I done that I would have this great publication track record.

What have you found to be the best and worst elements of an academic career?

The pay’s not brilliant, the level of respect you get from people in society is not great, it’s not a job valued the way you hope it was. The other thing is, I have a bit of an idealised view of academia of what it could be and should be. As with any workplace there is administrative and political things you turn up against; I don’t have the freedom I thought I was going to have, and the darkest hours are always exam marking deadlines. You have 550 papers sitting in your office with three staff and five days to mark. You have got students emailing you asking what their results are having sat the exam the day before. There are pockets of ludicrous work interspersed with ludicrous hours.

Best elements – the freedom. You have to do work but research can be done at 1am on the beach if you want to. It can be anywhere, anytime so long as you’re getting it done. One of the great frustrations I had working at a law firm was the idea that professionals do not take lunch breaks and professionals do not take sick days. Which means between Monday and Friday for the entirety of the opening hours of places you cannot get out to do things. I had a package sitting at the post office for six months because I could not get down to pick it up. Academia; you can do that kind of thing. The only thing you have to be there for is classes and meetings.

The other great thing about it is teaching the students. You actually meet people, interesting people who are interested in what is being discussed and interested in the topic. Even if some are not, they are probably interested in some element.

Current industry conditions show that supply of law graduates is increasing, which means that you should be creative and think outside the box when considering careers. What legal skill set, from your experience, is applicable to many scenarios that are not typically associated with strict legal practice?

I think the biggest one is the teaching skills you develop and the analysis skills you develop as a lawyer. You find that a lot of government institutions hire law students. The critical analysis components, the pure science theory of law thinking, is fairly useful and a fairly uncommon skill. A lot of jobs will require someone to say, look at someone’s financial records and look at their movements, and look at their business transactions and to read all three of them and in their mind compare those and say ‘there’s something wrong here’ or ‘that is where something went missing’. That kind of critical, logical, ordered though process will pay off for a lot of people, and the joy is, a lot of people do not even realise they have developed it. They go through university, they acquire the skills, start working, they use the skill and never think that someone has actually trained me to isolate, to define, to look at what actually is in question, to work out the parameters, and draw a conclusion.

What extra-legal skills do you consider to be of importance for keeping oneself afloat in the legal field?

The skill I try to convince everyone of is sales. If you want to live in a capitalist environment, you need to be able to push whatever it is you are selling. At the most basic level you have got to be pushing yourself. At greater level if you are a lawyer you have got to sell your services. What you will find is in interviews you will sell yourself. You get into the firm; you sell yourself to the partners and the people around you. Then as you get up you will need to sell yourself to the client.

A thing that is underestimated, is that most of what people want in life is someone who is nice. Being able to get along with people, being friendly, these skills that people overlook. People will do things for you if you are nice. They will usually give you the benefit of the doubt. The sales pitch should be backed by an agreeable personality.

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Any advice to students who may not have been able to establish the requisite foundations at university, to satisfy the institutionalised standards and norms of employment inherent in law?

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You get this immense feeling that you’re life is over when you don’t get the clerkship, that you have missed your only way to get into law, bar a slim possibility in the graduate round. It’s nonsense.

There’s a huge attrition rate. There are all these people who have filled that job who do not want it, who have done exactly as I did, clinging onto this job thinking if I just held on long enough I would love it, and they will drop off. By the time you get to five years its impossible not to get a job in law.

There’s thousands and thousands of legal firms out there. If you get a job in one of them great, you keep your eyes on what you want to do, and apply as time goes by. If you do not get a job in law, it really does not matter that much. If its your life’s dream it probably does but you can start in accounting. You can start in business. In academia. You can start anywhere; retail, customer service and you can back into law.

Excerpt from Why We Didn’t Hire You: Follow the advice in this book and you may just get a professional services firm interview. If you don’t, don’t be disheartened.

We have hundreds of applicants for each role. About half of them will fall into the categories identified in this book. The other half won’t. Sadly, that means there are still hundreds of very worthwhile applicants being knocked back.

Seek a smaller firm. Find an in-house job.

Use your degree for good at a community legal centre or not for profit organisation.

It’s awful receiving a few dozen standard form rejection letters. It’s insulting receiving a standard rejection letter after a second round interview. It’s just an awful process. You aren’t alone. There are hundreds like you.

If you miss out, keep in mind what you missed out on. You missed out on spending 10-14 hours a day in a sheltered workshop for people with all manner of personality disorder. You missed out on backstabbing peers, narcissism and shouting. You missed out on a world of self-referential and self-important people.

You missed out on four or five husbands or wives and 3 kids who you’ve never seen. You missed out on working with people like me, who take the time to write snide books mocking students for their heartfelt efforts to obtain employment.

Stay strong and be sensible. There is a better job coming your way.

And I would just add to that, no one has ever recorded on their gravestone ‘David Mullan: Partner’. People care about friends and family and what you achieve in life. You want a job that will make you happy, and you work towards it. You want a job that will feed your family and you work towards it. Law is not everything. A law degree will help you with whatever you do.

International Careers Practising Internationally Practicing internationally is an excellent opportunity to broaden your horizons and build legal experience.

Most large commercial law firms offer secondment programs to other international offices and often international firms directly recruit in Australia, some of these firms include: • Linklaters (London) • King & Wood Mallesons (Hong Kong) However, it is also possible to gain experience in areas such as international humanitarian law and public international law. There are a number of international organisations, which specialise in this type of work, such as: • Red Cross, • AusAID, • World Concern, • World Vision, • Oxfam, • CARE (the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere), • Save the Children Fund, • Amnesty International, and • Human Rights Watch.

As a general rule, practicing law in a jurisdiction outside Australia will require you to meet particular national requirements before you get anywhere near an office – these requirements will be qualification as well as visa related. This section briefly cover procedures and processes for several jurisdictions, to provide you with the basic information from which to launch further research into practicing overseas.

Always refer to the relevant authority or admitting body in that country or state.

CANADA Practising in Canada requires an application through the National Accreditation Committee (NCA). The NCA assesses the legal education credentials of individuals trained outside of Canada who intend to apply for admission to a law society in a Canadian common law jurisdiction. Applications from qualified

Australian Lawyers are accepted all year round Once a file is assessed by the NCA, an applicant may be asked to complete one or more exams and/ or attend and complete specific law school courses within a prescribed time frame. Upon successful completion of these requirements, the NCA issues a Certificate of Qualification.

For more information see: • National Accreditation Committee • Federation of Law Societies of Canada • Ministry of Citizenship, Immigration and International Trade • Law Council of Australia (Fact Sheet: Practise of Foreign Law) CHINA Practising in China requires Chinese citizenship or residency status in Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan.

However, as a foreign national, you can practise in China through firms that have a Chinese presence, such as King & Wood Mallesons. Top-tier firms in the Red Circle may offer internships to overseas students.

To practice in China, in addition to holding citizenship or residency status, a person must satisfy the following: • Obtain approval for the eligibility of the degree at the Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange (CSCSE); • Pass the National Judicial Examination (NJE), administered by the Ministry of Justice; • Apply for a one year Vocational training program, and register with the local lawyers association; and • Pending examination results and the decision of the examination committer of the local lawyers association- apply to be admitted as a practising lawyer.

For more information see: • Chinese Service Centre for Scholarly Exchange • International Bar Association • Fangda Partners (for internships)

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HONG KONG There are two basic pathways available for those interested in practicing in Hong Kong. Applicants may apply for accreditation as a Trainee Solicitor or an Overseas Lawyer.

To qualify through the Trainee Solicitor route, a person must: 1. Complete a LLB or JD in a common law jurisdiction; 2. Complete and pass the Postgraduate Certificate in Law (PCLL); and 3. Undergo two years of training in a Hong Kong law firm as a trainee solicitor under a trainee solicitor contract

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To qualify through the Overseas Lawyer route, a person must: 1. Already be admitted in a common law jurisdiction; 2. Have at least two years of post-admission experience in the practice of law in the jurisdiction of admission; and 3. Sit and pass the Overseas Lawyers Qualification Examination.

For more information see: • The Law Society of Hong Kong • Law Council of Australia (Fact Sheet: Practise of Foreign Law)

NEW ZEALAND Practising in New Zealand requires the applicant to hold a current Australian practicing certificate and follows a two step process; 1. Admission as a barrister and solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand; and 2. Application for a practicing certificate by the New Zealand Law Society The first step is admission as a barrister and solicitor in the High Court. It is not possible in New Zealand to be admitted only as a barrister or only as a solicitor. You will be admitted as both, but will hold a practising certificate either as a barrister or as a barrister and solicitor.

Once you have been admitted, apply to the NZLS for a practising certificate.

For more information see: • New Zealand Law Society • New Zealand Council of Legal Education SINGAPORE Foreign lawyers wishing to practise foreign law or international law can do so without re-qualifying provided they register with the Attorney-General’s Chamber in Singapore. This requires the completion of the Foreign Practitioners Examination (FPE).

Foreign lawyers must have at least three years of relevant legal practice or work, which may be gained in Singapore or overseas, before they can apply to sit for the FPE For more information see: • Singapore Institute of Legal Education • International bar Association • Law Council of Australia (Fact Sheet: Practise of Foreign Law)

UNITED KINGDOM Admission to practice in England and Wales is regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA). The Qualified Lawyers Transfer Scheme (QLTS) allows those who are already qualified lawyers in other jurisdictions to qualify as a solicitor of England and Wales. This scheme has two requirements of a person, that they; 1. Satisfy the Suitability Test; and 2. Sit and pass the QLTS Examinations.

agencies. There is an Official Internship Program available for graduate students but you can also write to any of the UN Offices in various countries looking for experience if you are an undergraduate.

Requirements under the Suitability test include: • Qualification as a lawyer in a recognised jurisdiction; • Completion of degree in English, or satisfaction of English language requirements; and • The applicant being of a good character.

Another option is to undertake postgraduate studies in a city like Geneva or New York, where UN work experience placements and jobs are easier to find than in Australia.

The QLTS Examinations, covering property, litigation, professional conduct and accounts, and principles of common law, are broken into the following: • Multiple Choice Test; and • Objective Structured Clinical Examinations For more information see: • The Law Society of England and Wales • Solictors Regulation Authority • Kaplan Qualified Lawyers Transfer Scheme • Law Council of Australia (Fact Sheet: Practise of Foreign Law) UNITED NATIONS There are over 30 United Nations cooperative organisations that seek individuals with legal backgrounds, for example the World Health Organisation, the World Food Program, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNESCO and UNICEF. The agencies of the UN work together to promote respect for human rights, protect the environment, fight disease and reduce poverty.

Working at the United Nations: The first step is to check the United Nations website in the Human Resources section. There is a young professionals program, for which there is an exam to sit. It is done on a country basis when nationals of that country are needed. You need to apply for each of the specialised agencies separately. Alternatively, you might apply for a summer internship at one of the

It is essential to know at least two languages and preferably three. It is also very useful to have some volunteer experience in human rights, local politics or with NGOs in other countries – all are highly regarded.

Lastly, it is worth considering trying to persuade an Australian Consulate overseas to take you on for work experience and then hope that you make good contacts! [More information here] UNITED STATES The legal profession in the United States is regulated at the state level, with eligibility for admission to practice in the United States varying from state to state. Common law graduates and practitioners admitted to practice in common law jurisdictions are generally eligible to sit the Bar examination.

While there are broad similarities between legal practise requirements in US jurisdictions, Australian lawyers need to familiarise themselves with the rules regulating lawyers in the particular jurisdiction(s) in which they want to work. Unlike Australia, lawyers admitted in one US jurisdiction are not automatically able to work in other US jurisdictions but must reapply for admission. The American Bar Association has detailed guides on the various requirements of being admitted to each jurisdiction, which can be found below.

For more information see: • American Bar Association • ABA Comprehensive Guide to Bar Admission Requirements • New York State Board of Examiners • State Bar of California

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Index

AREAS OF LAW FOR RESEARCH

Administrative Law Admiralty & Maritime Law Alternative Dispute Resolution Animal Law Aviation and Aerospace Law Banking Law and Financial Law Bioethics Competition Law Company Law/Corporate Law Commercial Law Criminal Law Class Action Litigation Communication Law 42

Computer Law Constitutional Law Consumer Law Contract Law Conveyancing /Property Law Environmental Law

Family Law Human Rights Health Law Intellectual Property Law Information Technology Law Insurance Law Industrial Relations Law / Labour Law / Employment Law International Trade and Finance Immigration Law Land Law and Planning Litigation Military Law Personal Injury Law Policy Advice/Political Staffer Rural Practice Sole Practice Sports Law Native Title Law

GDLP ANU Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice

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ANU Legal Workshop Your pathway to Legal Practice As one of Australia’s most recognised practical legal training programs, the ANU Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice (GDLP) provides the qualification to be admitted as a lawyer in Australia.

With an unique online teaching approach that places you in a ‘virtual’ law firm – giving you practical insight, professional understanding and real-world knowledge – the ANU GDLP provides the flexibility to balance study with employment.

At ANU Legal Workshop, you can: > attend any one of over 20 introductory 5-day workshops held around Australia – you don’t need to relocate for study; > tailor coursework and professional placement requirements; > choose from a wide range of elective subjects – many offered online; and > extend your GDLP – and gain an additional competitive edge – with the ANU Master of Legal Practice.

Whatever choice you make, you’ll benefit from flexibile online study, learn from some of Australia’s best legal experts and gain a qualification from one of the world’s leading law schools.

law.anu.edu.au/legalworkshop/mlp ANU Legal Workshop

CRICOS# 00120C | August 2015

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