DIVERSE 20 CAREERS 20 GUIDE
Special thanks to Platinum Sponsors
Gold Sponsors
Activate your career. Practical Legal Training
Cormac Foley Solicitor, Danny King Legal Graduate of the University of Wollongong
• • • • • •
Only 5 days face-to-face attendance More than 20 start dates in NSW in 2020 15 weeks full-time or 30 weeks part-time study options Emphasis on task-based, practical learning 15 days and 75 days work experience options The preferred provide to 9 of the top 10 law firms
Learn more at collaw.edu.au/PLT
Contents Starting your career in University 07. Internal Opportunities
07. PACE
10. Exchange
12. Electives
19. Honours
21. External Opportunities
22. Internships
Career Paths 24. Public Law Careers
25. Human Rights and Social
Justice
31. Environmental Law
33. Diplomatic and Public Service
37. Criminal Law
39. Private Law Careers
40. Family Law
42. Commercial Law
46. In-house
Fair Work Rights 48. Support Organisations 51. Resources
Graduate Programs
Editor Matthew Lo Designer Michael Graziano Contributors Lucy Sheppard, Director (Education) Olivia Mueller, Director (Social Justice) Adrian Brett, Director (Career Engagement) Patrick O’Brien, Executive Officer (Public Interest Careers) Starting your career contributors Taris Watson, Executive Officer (Campus Experience) Sophie Maher, Executive Officer (Advocacy) Jessica Go, Executive Officer (Community Outreach) Cassandra Barberis-Leon Monica Gonzalez Isabelle Messenger Paul Kaletsis Lewis Hay Matthew Wang Director (Publications) Devlin Greatbatch Murphy
Disclaimer This Guide is not designed to be exhaustive. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor, nor Macquarie University, and are in no way associated with Macquarie University. Best efforts have been made to ensure that all information in this guide is accurate as of 10 August 2020, but such information is subject to change without notice. The content is merely informative and should not be relied upon as professional advice. This publication is distributed free of charge, with the understanding of the authors, Editor and any persons related to this publication are not responsible for the results of their actions or omissions on the basis of any information provided within this publication. The user of this guide, therefore, acknowledges that he or she will take responsibility for his or her actions and will under no circumstances hold the Editor, authors or Macquarie University Law Society responsible for any damage resulting to the user or anyone else from use of this publication.
Editor’s Note It is a common but detrimental misconception that law degrees only produce lawyers. This guide aims to dispel this myth and broaden your horizons by shedding light on the many careers and opportunities one can pursue with a law degree. The reality that awaits law graduates is a rich and diverse range of possibilities from international criminal law to environmental law to commercial law. Matthew Lo Executive Office (Editor)
This guide was a collaboration between various Macquarie University Law Society (MULS) portfolios and reflects the broad range of opportunities afforded to law students at university and beyond. It is the product of the time and efforts of numerous MULS executives, friends and supporters and I thank them for their valuable and generous contributions.
President’s Welcome On behalf of MULS, I am proud to present the 2020 Diverse Careers Guide. This publication is a fantastic resource for all Macquarie Law students, regardless of whether you are in your final year about to graduate or a first year just entering law school.
Daniel Lim President
Law students are a diverse group of people, and so are their careers. The view that a law degree is only useful for those interested in becoming a lawyer is now a myth of the past, and as Macquarie Law students, the skills you develop throughout your degree are useful for a range of career opportunities available to you. The Diverse Careers Guide will help you navigate your legal journey, providing an insight into the units you can take to expand your knowledge about different areas of the law, discuss internships available to you, as well as employment, volunteering and internship opportunities that you may want to consider. This guide is the product of collaboration between a number of departments within MULS. I thank the efforts of a fantastic team; Matthew Lo, Devlin Greatbatch Murphy, Lucy Sheppard, Olivia Mueller, Adrian Brett, Patrick O’Brien, Sophie Maher and Jessica Go. They have all been spectacular in putting this publication together for you. From all of us at MULS, we wish you the best of luck with the remainder of the semester and hope that the Diverse Careers Guide provides you with a valuable insight into the numerous professional opportunities your law degree can bring.
05
Starting your Career in University
06
Internal Opportunities Professional and Community Engagement (“PACE�) is an innovative, multi awardwinning program that provides students with industry relevant practical experience as part of your law degree. Macquarie University is the only university in Australia that gives this opportunity to all undergraduate students. At Macquarie, you have the opportunity to complete PACE domestically or overseas with one of our over 3000 partner institutions.
PACE I look back on my International PACE experience with fond memories. I was exposed to a great deal of learning and I loved immersing myself in the Ni-Vanuatu way of life. Walking to the fresh produce markets to eat traditional foods, meeting with chiefs, learning phrases in Bislama (the local dialect) and exchanging stories with students from USP made all the difference to me. I am very inspired by the program and I encourage every law student to apply next year!
Read about the PACE experiences of two students below.
Cassandra Barberis-Leon Port Vila, Vanuatu I love travelling and the cultural exchange that comes with visiting new and exciting countries. Undoubtedly, choosing to apply for a PACE International law unit in Vanuatu was a no-brainer; it presented an opportunity for me to engage in cultural exchange with a close geographical neighbour of Australia, apply my education to wider society, and develop new legal research skills that assisted with the remainder of my degree. The two-week program involved travelling to Port Vila, Vanuatu, where we researched and collaborated with students from the University of the South Pacific on land tenure disputes and climate-induced displacement in the surrounding region. It is a very pressing issue as almost all of Vanuatu’s 83 islands are affected by natural disaster and climate change has exacerbated the problem, leaving many people stranded and needing to relocate. Oxfam was our primary host organisation and our legal research papers were aimed at improving their grassroots strategies to facilitate a smooth migration for the local population.
07
Monica Gonzalez North Australian Aboriginal Agency, Darwin NT
Justice
In December of 2019, I completed a monthlong internship through the Aurora Program. With the support of a PACE Travel Grant, I relocated to Darwin and worked with the criminal team at the North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency (‘NAAJA’). NAAJA is a non-profit organisation providing free legal services to Indigenous Australians within the Northern Territory. I was provided with a variety of tasks. These ranged from binding copies of recent benchmark cases, to observing CCTV evidence, and speaking with clients to prepare their subjectives. I quickly became more effective at crosscultural communication and simplifying legal concepts in conversation – very important skills in both law and life! The solicitors were also very supportive. I was often encouraged to learn more about criminal defence by shadowing them in court and client interviews. It was also rewarding to assist NAAJA’s work beyond the office, by visiting clients in Darwin Correctional Centre and helping at bush court in the remote Wurrumiyanga community on Bathurst Island. With two NAAJA solicitors and a community liaison officer, we conducted client interviews, liaised with police and assisted families through long court days. Regardless of the wild Darwin wet-season weather and the extreme change in scenery, I had an incredibly energetic, enjoyable and enlightening internship. The experience was extremely valuable for opening my eyes to the complexity of Aboriginal peoples’ interactions with the criminal justice system, as well as the richness of native languages and cultures in Australia. I wholeheartedly recommend an internship through the Aurora Project, especially with NAAJA. It might push you beyond your comfort zone, but you will become a much better citizen, student and legal professional for it.
08
International Participation and Community Engagement LAWS4052 This unit involves participation in an international internship as part of Macquarie University PACE International program. Interns will work within a range of law firms and NGOs that provide legal advice and education, and contribute to public debate about legal standards, policies and reform.All Law PACE International opportunities are advertised via email by the unit convenor, and on the PACE International website. Entry to this unit is by on-line application via the PACE International website.
Macquarie University Social Justice Clinic LAWS5078 Students will undertake a placement at the Macquarie University Social Justice Clinic, a new university-run legal clinic housed on campus at Macquarie Law School. Students will work under the close supervision of solicitor-teachers on real world social justice cases, undertaking a range of activities including legal research and writing, client interviewing, and legal and non-legal advocacy.
Independent Professional Placement LAWS5051 This unit provides the opportunity for students to engage with the legal profession and community through participation in a variety of workplace experiences including, but not limited to, law firms, legal centres, communitybased legal organisations and services, government agencies and not-for-profit organisations. The experience may be via clerkship, volunteer work, or internship, and may be undertaken on a weekly or block basis. Students source their own placement, and nominate it for approval by the convenor.
Access to Justice Placement Program LAWS5038 This unit involves attendance at clinical placements and internships arranged by Macquarie Law School. There are a number of clinical placement opportunities in the social justice, court and community legal service sector. Placements are advertised via email by Arts PACE and on the Law School website, and entry to this unit is by application.
09
Macquarie University offers both short-term and semester exchanges, allowing you to enrich your university experience by travelling and living in a new country. Students can choose from over 200 partner universities and receive credit for the exchange towards their degree.
Exchange
Read about the exchange experiences of two students below.
Isabelle Messenger Long Term Exchange to Nanyang Technological University When I started my law degree, I was pretty convinced I’d never go on a semester long exchange – I didn’t think I’d manage 6 months alone in another country. So I was incredibly nervous when, in January 2019, I set off for Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. I’d never lived away from home, but $3 meals at the campus canteens, waffle night, and dance-boxing classes with my new friends quickly made NTU my home away from home. My favourite subject was the Law of Intellectual Property and New Media, which dealt with questions like whether you actually own the photos you post on social media. It was a really relevant course which has contributed to my desire for a future career in intellectual property. I also studied 3 English subjects for my arts major because of the way it worked out in my degree plan. In my spare time, I got to explore Singapore and travel around Asia. Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Bali, Myanmar, Taiwan and Hong Kong were all places I got to go!
10
I know there are plenty of law students out there who are excited to go on exchange, and that’s awesome. But to those who are a bit hesitant and nervous like I was, I cannot stress more strongly to consider it. I would also definitely recommend an exchange in Asia. Asia is host to some truly incredible universities – NTU was ranked 13th in the world on the recent QS Rankings. Spending a semester living in another country and forging lifelong friendships with people from all around the world is so precious and irreplaceable. Without a doubt, it was some of the best few months of my life.
Paul Kaletsis Short Term Exchange to Vienna January 2020 provided me with an amazing opportunity to undertake a three-week exchange at the University of Vienna, Austria, to further my interest in public international law. Learning from experts in the fields of International Courts and Tribunals, Human Rights Law and Selected Issues in International Law, myself and fellow students gained in-depth insights and developed renewed understandings of the importance of international conventions and frameworks in our ever-evolving world. I loved the opportunity to tour the United Nations Office, especially with my desire to live and work overseas upon graduation. However, my favourite part of the program was the opportunity to live, travel and become close friends with a dozen amazing Macquarie Law students during our three weeks together. Acceptance into the program has provided a range of academic and professional benefits. My experience of studying and living overseas contributed to being offered Macquarie University’s Asia Society Scholarship for 2020. I was undertaking a semester exchange at the National Law School of India University, Bengaluru, prior to returning early due to COVID-19. Despite leaving prematurely, I was able to apply my legal knowledge and skills in unfamiliar academic and cultural environments, developing a renewed appreciation of the role and importance of law from Global-South perspectives. I cannot imagine what my degree and life would look like without these two experiences abroad. If you’re the sort of person who loves travelling and being immersed in new and challenging environments, then undertaking an exchange during your degree is an absolute must!
11
Electives LLB Please note that this information is correct as of June 2020 and is subject to change. For updated information, please refer to the Macquarie University Unit Guides website, here.
The Politics of Human Rights Law LAWS2060 This unit explores human rights law with a view to analysing the diverse international and domestic political influences that have shaped its evolution and patterns of implementation. Students will learn about political influences on a range of international and domestic human rights as well as analyse a number of case studies. A lawyer working in this area may work domestically for the government in specific areas involving human rights such as the management of refugees and the prison system. Working in this sector may also take you to the Attorney-General’s Office, working on policymaking or investigating potential human rights breaches in Australia. Alternatively, a career in international politics on human rights may involve work for the United Nations, in ensuring the protection of human rights globally.
War Law LAWS5087 This unit explores the field of international humanitarian law that regulates armed conflict by seeking to balance military objectives against the humanitarian impact of conflict. It will explore the role of international law in addressing contemporary challenges involving armed conflict, including the methods of warfare, protection of civilians and the status and treatment of combatants.
“
Interactive tutorials and engaging assessment tasks utilise pop culture references such as Game of Thrones and Star Wars to encourage students to think critically about international humanitarian laws. - Billy Co
�
Lawyers in this area of law largely work with non-government organisations such as the International Red Cross in driving legal reform across domestic jurisdictions, ensuring that war criminals are justly sanctioned for their actions.
12
Discrimination and the Law LAWS5011 This unit aims to give students a grounding in both the theoretical and practical application of Australia’s existing anti-discrimination regulatory framework to uncover how best the law cam best address inequality and discrimination. Students will learn about direct and indirect discrimination, the construction of the various grounds of discrimination, the application of the prohibitions in specified contexts, as well as defences and exemptions that apply. The unit provides a strong foundation of knowledge that would be required in roles at the Fair Work Commission, Australian Human Right Commission or alternatively in private practice in Employment Law through topics involving bullying in the workplace and unfair dismissals. Given the strong policy considerations in reflecting societal norms in anti-discrimination legislation, this unit may also be useful for those interested in policy making.
International Human Rights Law LAWS5019 This unit addresses the fundamental and dynamic issue of the protection of human rights in international law. It traces the historical development of human rights law at national, regional and global levels and considers limitations of the institutions and mechanisms in place to protect and promote rights in practice. Many human rights lawyers work at the UN Office for the High Commissioner of Human Rights, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees or the International Courts. In these positions, lawyers investigate and litigate breaches of human rights across the world, bringing the responsible countries or non-state actors to justice
“
I particularly enjoyed the practical application of this unit to real life examples, as well as the opportunity to gain insight into the process of making a discrimination complaint. The range of topics to choose from for the Research Essay was also great and I really enjoyed writing about the discrimination risks associated with increasing reliance on Artificial Intelligence - Olivia Mueller
�
13
Family Law LAWS5020
Competition and Consumer Law LAWS5028
This unit utilises an interdisciplinary approach to study the legal regulation of family relations. It is divided into five main parts: the concept and historical development of family; the concept of marriage; dissolution of marriage; financial relationships and children and their rights under family law.
This unit introduces students to the principal areas of law (Competition and Consumer Act 2010) in Australia which aim to preserve competition in the economy and to ensure consumer protection. Students will explore topics including cartels; mergers and anticompetitive agreements and concerted practices.
Family lawyers help their clients resolve family disputes and arrange care arrangements for their children. They organise and conduct dispute resolution such as negotiation and mediation to help parties come to an agreement. Common matters they work on range from divorces to domestic violence to guardianship of children.
Information Technology Law LAWS5029 This unit introduces the basic legal issues raised by the emerging law concerning cyberspace and networked digital technologies. Students will explore topics as diverse as jurisdiction; proprietary rights (copyright, trademarks, patents, domain names); privacy; e-commerce and its framework. IT lawyers assist generally, individuals and businesses, with technology-related disputes and provide advice on information technology services such as software copyright, cybersecurity and eCommerce. They also ensure their clients comply with technology laws.
14
A Competition and Consumer lawyer protects the interests of consumers and businesses to ensure fairness in the legal system. They can work for the Australian Consumer and Competition Commission or work in private practice or in-house.
“
Studying Competition and Consumer law has broadened my perspectives on the legal framework. I was able to gain knowledge on how businesses in Australia deal with customers, suppliers and competitors to ensure a fair market. Specifically, I enjoyed the unit as we were able to explore the state of the law in a dynamic technology industry! - Ranuli Athauda
�
Environmental Planning Law LAWS5040
Taxation LAWS5029
This unit examines the intersection of economic, social and environmental issues in the context of land use and law by focusing on the natural and built environment. Students will critically analyse the current regulatory regime and discuss relevant case law and the functions of the Land and Environment Court.
This unit examines the Australian taxation system from a legal perspective and is a good background for all law students whether or not they intend to practice in the taxation area. Students will study a range of topics including income distribution, taxation of capital gains, deductions, capital allowances, and tax avoidance issues, as well as the administration of the taxation system and the taxation of companies, trusts and partnerships.
Environmental planning lawyers often work for local governments, but also for law firms. Their work commonly involves seeking development approval for construction projects, or alternatively (in the case of government employees), reviewing applications for approval and approving, denying or contesting them. This is the work that happens before any building works begin and before the baton gets passed on to construction lawyers, who then oversee developments as they take place.
“
The unit was interesting because it’s more open-ended than other areas of law, and therefore far more dependent on how well you can frame and present your arguments than how perfectly it is aligned with any ‘black letter’ laws. While you need to apply considerations found in the legislation, you’re ultimately taking your specific set of circumstances and arguing why your project will meet with development requirements, including environmental considerations and zoning laws, and should therefore gain approval, and so it follows the law much less rigidly than other practice areas. - Travis Stuart
”
The work of tax lawyers is varied. Tax lawyers can be consultants for businesses that assist foreign companies operating in Australia or helping Australian clients go international. Additionally, tax lawyers are often employed by government bodies to assist in drafting tax legislation and policy.
“
I found the unit to be far more interesting than it appears on paper. The unit involves conceptual ideas of Australia’s Tax-Transfer system, engaging questions of how such a system should operate within Australia, as well as more substantive tax law. I really enjoyed the critical analysis of tax-transfer systems that encourages the challenging of Australia’s current structure - Harrison Pryor
”
15
Succession LAWS5056 This unit explores the law relating to the making and construction of wills; the grant of probate and administration; and the distribution of testate and intestate estates. Students in this unit will be able to practically apply knowledge learnt and complete exercises in drafting a will that complies with a client’s instructions. Lawyers working in the area of succession assist their clients with tasks such as preparing wills, estate planning by reviewing their property and completing powers of attorney. The work often involves liaising with multiple stakeholders in family members and producing documents that assist with the administration of the client’s estate when they pass away.
Environmental Law LAWS5060 This unit traces the historical foundations of environmental regulation and adopts a multidisciplinary perspective to evaluate the effectiveness of current environmental law in the context of ongoing and emerging challenges. Specific topics include regulating the relationship between environment and development, principles underlying environmental regulation and the implementation of environmental standards through law and policy. Environmental lawyers generally represent individuals and community organisations in legal issues such as water law and native title to protect the natural environment. They also work in areas of climate change and renewable energies which are dynamic and expanding job sectors. They can work in places from private practice to community legal centres to government environmental regulatory bodies
16
Human Rights and Moral Dilemmas LAWS5080 This unit explores the intersections between law and morality by analysing cases drawn from a variety of jurisdictions, which raise topical and controversial human rights dilemmas. Some topics covered include: privacy; multiculturalism and gender; anti-terrorism legislation; and socio-economic rights.
Media Law LAWS5080 This unit takes an international and comparative perspective in analysing how media issues such as free speech and state control are regulated. Students will examine topics such as the dayto-day legal restrictions on the media and what it is like to advise on media content. Media lawyers work with content creators and distribution outlets, including the ‘old’ media (TV, radio, newspapers) and the ‘new’ media (Facebook, Snapchat, TikTok) and advise on the content that is made public through these outlets. One of the most common areas of law in this field is defamation law, but it also shares a lot of overlap with intellectual property and privacy laws.
“
This unit was especially good because it felt current and relevant. Traditionally, the subject has focused on TV and radio scripts, yet the focus has now been shifted to platforms such as TikTok and the security and privacy concerns that have emerged from it in the past few months - in fact, this subject raised those concerns before they became prominent in local news, so it’s very forward-looking, as far as law subjects go. The unit draws your attention to the constantly evolving nature of media, and how the law is always playing catch up with new mediums. - Travis Stuart
JD Research Methodologies in Law LAWS8018 This unit introduces students to concepts and research methodologies that underpin various theoretical approaches to legal scholarship, including doctrinal, comparative, interdisciplinary, empirical, and critical legal studies (CLS) approaches, as well as particular issues in human rights and international law research. The unit equips students to better understand the nexus among legal education, legal scholarship and legal practice; enhances their capacity to design research projects with rigorous research methodologies, to proffer good written analyses with sound argumentation, and to reflect on legal scholarship and on the law critically; and helps prepare them for a higher degree by research or for careers in legal practice, government, international organisations, and think tanks, and consultancies.
Applied Legal Ethics LAWS8006 This unit encourages students to develop an ethical approach to the study and practice of law by exploring the lawyer’s role in the resolution of diverse ethical issues, surrounding problems of confidentiality, access to justice or conflict of duty and interest. This unit will emphasise continued improvements in academic writing by concentrating on structure, legal language and issues of academic honesty and will develop skills such as listening, interviewing and negotiating.
17
Anti-discrimination Law LAWS8026
Trade and Environment Law LAWS8052
This unit examines how the concepts of equality and non-discrimination have been given effect to in Australia through the statutory framework of federal, state and territory antidiscrimination laws. The unit critiques how the legal form of ‘discrimination’ is constructed, and whether the complaints based model for enforcement of Australian anti-discrimination laws is an effective compliance regime.
This unit examines the ways in which trade and environment issues are addressed through a variety of international legal instruments, ranging from, the United Nations through to global and regional free trade agreements.
International Commercial Law LAWS8098 This unit examines contract law as it applies in an international context, addressing, in particular; the international sale of goods; Incoterms, contracts of sale under the Vienna Sales Convention; contracts for carriage of goods by sea, air and land; and bills of exchange, marine insurance and letters of credit in international trade. It incorporates analyses of different legal systems, an introduction to conflicts of law as well as political contexts underpinning the operation of this body of law and highlights international commercial arbitration as the key mode of dispute settlement for international contractual disputes.
Media Law and Culture LAWS8097 While focusing on Australia, this unit takes an international and comparative perspective when analysing how media issues such as but not limited to free speech and state control are regulated. Students will examine topics such as the day-to-day legal restrictions on the media and what it is like to advise on media content.
18
Environmental Law and Sustainable Development LAWS8055 This unit traces the historical foundations of environmental regulation and adopts a multidisciplinary perspective to evaluate the effectiveness of current environmental law in the context of ongoing and emerging challenges. Specific topics include regulating the relationship between environment and development, principles underlying environmental regulation and the implementation of environmental standards through law and policy.
Honours How to calculate your LAWS WAM
Commencement prior to 2020 1
To qualify for 1st class honours
Attain LAWS WAM of 76 or above. Your LAWS WAM is calculated to 2 decimal places. It is not rounded (for instance, a WAM of 75.89 is counted as 75, not 76.)
Attain a LAWS WAM of 71 or above.
Complete either a one-semester thesis unit (LAWS5920) or a full-year thesis (LAWS5920 and LAWS5930) with a grade of Credit or above in all completed units.
1. Multiply the unit mark for each first attempt of a graded LAWS unit by the value of that unit in terms of credit pooints; 2. Sum the resulting values (weighted marks); and 3. Divide the sum of the weighted marks by the total value (in terms of credit point) of all graded LAWS units attempted by the student. Note: For the purpose of Honours calculation, all graded units including Failed units are counted. This applies irrespective of whether you course transferred. All grades prior to your course transferare included.
To qualify for 2nd class honours It is not necessary to undertake any Honours thesis unit.
2
If a student has attained a LAWS WAM of 76 or above but have not successfully completed either a one-semester or two-semester thesis, they will graduate with Second Class Honours.
19
An insight into the new Honours program This insight relates to students who have commenced their law degree in or after 2020.
All Honours students will need to complete the following four units: • • • •
LAWS5910 LAWS5920 LAWS5930 LAWS5940
Research Methodologies in Law Legal Research Project A Legal Research Project B Applied Legal Research
Award of First Class Honours Students who successfully pass all four Honours units will graduate with first class honours if they have attained a Laws WAM of 75 or above.
20
Award of Second Class Honours Students who successfully pass all four Honours units will graduate with second class honours if they have attained a Laws WAM of 70 – 74.
External Opportunities
Law students are able to seek out and gain experience in various roles, as a volunteer or an employee, during their time at university. These opportunities allow you to apply the theory you learn in classes to real world matters and gain a practical insight into the particular field or company, allowing you to be better informed of which path to pursue after graduation.
Examples of Opportunities • Law clerk or paralegal at a law firm • Intern at a court • Legal assistant to a barrister • Working in government legal departments • Volunteer at a community legal centre Where To Find Positions • MQ CareerHub • MULS Job Board • Beyond Law Job Hub • Social Justice Opportunities or Community Legal Centres Australia • I work for NSW • General job websites such as SEEK or Indeed
21
Internships NSW Law Reform Commission
Australian Law Reform Commission
The NSW Law Reform Commission (NSWLRC) provides legal policy advice to the Government on issues referred by the Attorney General. The Commission prepares reports which analyse and evaluate issues identified in society, and make recommendations to the government for legislative reform. Recent reports by the Commission have focussed on areas such as Parole, Guardianship, Privacy, mental impairment in the criminal justice system, access to justice and dispute resolution.
The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC), similar to the NSWLRC performs a similar function, with the focus on Australian laws. allows students in their penultimate or final year to work as voluntary interns. Interns have the option to work on a flexible basis over the summer break. ALRC internships are an excellent opportunity for students interested in a career in policy and law reform to contribute to an ALRC inquiry and improve their writing and research skills. For more information, visit the ALRC website.
I​ nterns work at the Law Reform and Sentencing Council Secretariat, ideally on a full-time basis for at least four weeks, in July and/or August. The internship is a paid position. An internship provides an opportunity to work closely with Law Reform Commissioners, Sentencing Council members and Secretariat staff and contribute directly to the development of proposals for law reform. Depending on the reference this could mean undertaking research, contributing to drafting consultation documents, assisting with consultation processes, or helping draft reports. For more information, visit the NSWLRC website.
22
Professional Standards Authority The Professional Standards Authority (PSA) is the national regulatory agency with a core purpose to protect Australian consumers by improving professional standards. It is an agency made up of expert legal, regulatory and professional standards personnel with experience across professions, government and the commercial sector. The PSA often offers a summer internship, on a full time paid basis. An internship at the PSA would provide an opportunity to understand and update standards for a range of professions. The PSA often makes contributions to Royal Commissions across the country. For more information visit, the PSA website.
Department of Home Affairs Home Affairs brings together Australia's federal law enforcement, national and transport security, criminal justice, emergency management, multicultural affairs, settlement services and immigration and border-related functions, working together to keep Australia safe. The Department offers summer clerkships from late November to February. At one of the largest in-house government legal practices you will get the opportunity to experience working in a high profile government agency, develop core legal skills, work across a breadth of legal practices and be at the forefront of cutting edge administrative law challenges and reform. For more information visit the the Department’s website.
Attorney General’s Department
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) promotes competition and fair trade in markets to benefit consumers, businesses and the community by enforcing the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Cth. The ACCC has a crucial role in regulating Australian business to ensure a fair society between businesses and the public. The ACCC offers a six week summer internship, providing the opportunity to apply and develop the skills and knowledge they acquire at university in a professional workplace. Interns at the ACCC gain exposure to a Commonwealth Government agency with work that has far-reaching consumer, economic, industry and legal implications. More information can be found on the ACCC website. For more information, visit the ACCC’s website.
The Attorney General’s Department (AGD) delivers programs and policies which maintain and improve Australia’s law and justice framework. Additionally the AGD facilitates job growth and safe workplaces, provides legal services to the Commonwealth including advice and representation. The AGD is structured into five programs, the Australian Government Solicitor, Legal Services and Families, Integrity and International, Industrial Relations and Enabling Services. The AGD summer internship program runs from November to February each year and offers the opportunity to work across diverse and important areas of law crucial to the Commonwealth. For more information visit, the AGD’s website.
23
Career Paths
(Public Law Careers)
24
Human Rights Law and Social Justice Human Rights Law Centre The Human Rights Law Centre uses strategic legal action, policy solutions and advocacy to support people and communities to eliminate inequality and injustice and build a fairer, more compassionate Australia. Working alongside its partners, the Centre strives to improve the access to basic human rights of all citizens and advocates on behalf of those who do not have sufficient access. For more information, visit the HLC’s website.
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Their staff consists of human rights professionals including country experts, lawyers, journalists, and academics of diverse backgrounds and nationalities. HRW directs their advocacy towards governments, armed groups and businesses, pushing them to change or enforce their laws, policies and practices. For more information, visit the Human Rights Watch website.
Community Legal Centres Community legal centres (CLCs) are independent non-government organisations that provide free legal services to people and communities, at time when that help is needed most - particularly to people facing economic hardship and discrimination. CLC work may include: providing information, referring clients to appropriate services or bodies, legal casework and advocacy, community legal education, advancing law reform and more. For more information, visit CLC’s website.
25
Celine Nalbandian - Redfern Legal Centre
1
What was your role at Redfern Legal Centre (RLC)?
During my placement at Redfern Legal Centre (RLC) I was a Volunteer Legal Assistant. This position is primarily undertaken by law students who have a genuine interest in community legal issues and are looking for some exposure to the industry. Over the course of the summer intensive, I worked with a team of volunteers to staff the front desk. We completed a combination of legal and administrative tasks ranging from answering phone inquiries and booking appointments to providing appropriate legal referrals and conducting initial client interviews.
2
How did you get involved at RLC?
Throughout the course of my studies I became interested in gaining some diverse legal experience, particularly in the area of social justice. With a little bit of online research I came across the well-established volunteer program at RLC. They offer a flexible and short-term placement for law students wanting to volunteer over a number of weeks in a winter or summer intensive. To be considered I applied using the online form on the RLC website. The application process was very streamlined, requiring me to submit a resume and a brief written statement answering different questions relating to my written and oral communication skills and passion for community legal issues. For those interested I recommend keeping track of the application deadlines and preparing your statement in advance as the questions can be found online!
3
What skills did you develop and what did you learn?
At law school it can be challenging to develop an ability to communicate effectively and efficiently with clients. However, due to the high level of client contact at RLC, both over the phone and in-person, I was given constant opportunities to improve my general interview skills and generate natural rapport. This could be as simple as learning when to ask openended or close-ended questions in order to obtain relevant information. My experience at RLC has allowed me to develop the confidence needed for future legal and non-legal roles.
26
4
What was the most rewarding part of your time at RLC?
The opportunity to work at a community legal centre has been incredibly rewarding. In particular, my volunteer experience allowed me to interact and assist a number of disadvantaged individuals. Often minority members of the community, including Indigenous Australians and international students, I was able to develop an awareness of the types of legal issues affecting these different groups. The beauty of communitybased organisations such as RLC are their direct focus on these individuals and the diverse range of legal issues affecting them. As the first pointof-call for clients, it was very satisfying to be just a small part of the process when enabling their access to legal services. What was your day to day like at RLC?
5
While the clients and their legal matters can vary from day to day, most shifts follow a similar routine. Before the phones start to ring, the front desk will respond to emails which may include small legal research tasks from the solicitors as well as confirm upcoming appointments. After this a majority of the day is spent conducting intakes. While this is usually done over the phone due to the RLC call system, some prospective clients may choose to walk-in. The intake is the most important part of the process as it is used to understand the client’s legal situation, record their personal information, determine eligibility and organise appointments. For interested volunteers, there are also regular opportunities to sit-in with volunteer solicitors during their evening advice sessions with clients. If you are lucky you may be asked to take notes and assist the solicitor with access to different documents during the session! What advice would you give to other students considering experience at a community legal centre?
6
I would 100% recommend volunteering at a community legal centre like RLC. Having had no previous legal experience, it was a wonderful opportunity to learn new skills and the perfect taster for the industry. Even if you are interested in pursuing commercial law or criminal law, exposure to the community legal scene is a diverse kind of legal experience which can inform future career choices and shape your awareness of local concerns and areas of law reform. While my time at Redfern was short, the experience was really beneficial, helping me to pinpoint specific areas of law that I was interested in and reinforce my passion for the law. Hopefully one day I will return as a volunteer solicitor!
Aboriginal Legal Service
Refugee Advice & Casework Service
The Aboriginal Legal Service was established in 1970 to provide free legal assistance services to Aboriginal people. The ALS was founded as a response to the injustices, and in acknowledgement of the importance of Aboriginal people designing and delivering services to their own communities. Today, ALS does legal work in criminal law, children’s care and protection law and family law. They also support the development of wraparound programs and undertake broader policy and law reform work. For more information, visit the ALS website.
The mission of the Refugee Advice & Casework Service (RACS) is to achieve justice and dignity for refugees through the provision of advocacy and effective legal service. RACS provides free legal advice, assistance and representation for financially disadvantaged and vulnerable people seeking asylum. RACS does not receive government funding, relying on donations and pro bono support to assist refugees. RACS advocates for systemic law reform that seeks to treat refugees with respect and dignity. For more information, visit the RACS website.
Public Interest Advocacy Centre The Public Interest Advocacy Centre is an independent, not-profit policy organisation whose aim is to achieve social justice for those that have been disadvantaged as a result of systemic processes. PIAC conducts cases and strategic litigation to help improve the lives of those that have been marginalised. The communities that PIAC work with range from Indigenous Australians, asylum seekers, refugees. They also work in areas of mental health and police accountability. For more information, visit the PIAC website.
Refugee Council of Australia The Refugee Council of Australia is a national umbrella body for refugees and asylum seekers, as well as the other individuals and organisations that support them. The RCOA is a non-profit, non-government organisation. Their vision is to see the voices of refugees heard, their rights to be respected, their humanity to be valued and their contributions to society to be valued. To achieve this, the RCOA works with its members and government to promote humane, lawful and constructive policies for refugee and asylum seekers. For more information, visit the ROCA website.
27
Nicola Colagiuri - Refugee Advice and Casework Service
What is your role at the Refugee Advice and Casework Service (RACS)?
1
I am a Secondee Solicitor and Migration Agent at RACS.
My supervisor, Ben, prepared me very well during my first week at RACS in terms of setting my expectations. I would say that your experience at a CLC really comes down to what you make of it. The work is very self-directed, and you are given a lot of autonomy with your casework, which is great experience. The work can also be quite emotionally taxing at times. In those situations, it’s important to speak up and debrief with your colleagues, as they have no doubt had similar experiences. The working environment here at RACS is supportive and collaborative. I have been very fortunate to have gotten to work with such talented and compassionate lawyers.
What is the most interesting and rewarding aspect of about your role?
2
The most rewarding part of my time at RACS has been talking to clients from diverse backgrounds, each with their own unique experiences and stories. I am constantly in awe of the strength and resilience of RACS’ clients, and the adversity they have had to overcome. It is extremely rewarding being able to provide them with legal assistance that they otherwise would not be able to afford. The most interesting part has been learning about refugee and immigration law and policy, which is nuanced and complex.
3
How does working at RACS compare to your experience in a commercial firm, and have you learnt any transferrable skills?
The working environment in a community legal centre is very different to a commercial firm. The subject matter is of course very different, as are the types of clients that you interact with. Community legal centres are also underresourced compared to commercial firms, and they rely heavily on volunteers. Despite the differences between the two, I have learned several transferrable skills, including legal problem solving, statement drafting, and evidence preparation. I have also learned how to have difficult conversations with people who are in challenging legal situations, which is something that you can apply generally when practicing law.
28
4
5
What do you wish you knew about working in a community legal centre before you started?
What advice would you give to students interested in experience or a career in social justice?
Volunteer! It’s the best way to get experience in an area you think you might be interested in while you’re still at Uni, and community legal centres are always looking for volunteers/PLTs. It’s also a great way to make connections and meet lawyers who might be able to share with you how they got to where they are.
6
Are there any subjects students could study at University which could be helpful in a community legal centre?
This would depend on what kind of community legal centre you are interested in, as they each have their own specialisations. For example, if you were interested in working at RACS, a Refugee Law elective would be an obvious one. I would say that generally, any kind of human rights law subject would be useful. I also know that some Universities offer placements at community legal centres, which would be great experience while you are still at Uni.
Daniel Lim - Refugee Advice and Casework Service
What is your role at the Refugee Advice and Casework Service (RACS)?
1
At RACS, I was a Legal Intern. In this role, I assisted RACS lawyers by conducting legal research, writing up case notes, and drafting submissions.
2
What skills did you develop and what did you learn?
5
What advice would you give to students interested in experience or a career in social justice?
Due to COVID-19, only three of our classes occurred in person. Due to this, we were unable to access the RACS database for the remainder of the internship to maintain confidentiality for clients. We adapted by having morning and afternoon meetings, and working closely in small teams and catching up over Zoom.
The main skill that I developed during my internship was legal research. I researched the impact of COVID-19 on the relocation principle, the prevalence of domestic abuse in Pakistan and s 57 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) - the provision of new information.
3
What was the most rewarding part of your time at RACS?
During the internship, our supervising lawyer would provide us with updates of where our work was going and how it was helping people seeking asylum.This was probably the most rewarding part of my time at RACS, because I was able to see that I was actually making a difference to people’s lives.
4
How did you adapt to the experience being online?
Due to COVID-19, only three of our classes occurred in person. Due to this, we were unable to access the RACS database for the remainder of the internship to maintain confidentiality for clients. We adapted by having morning and afternoon meetings, and working closely in small teams and catching up over Zoom.
29
Salvos Legal
Oxfam Australia
Salvos Legal is a free law firm for people who have been made vulnerable by addiction, family violence, family breakdowns, financial stress, homelessness, ill health or migration, visa and citizenship compliance issues. They help people who do not qualify for any government funded legal assistance because their needs fall outside the criteria of the services provided by Legal Aid or CLCs. Their goal is to help people overcome hardship or injustice by using their legal expertise, empathy and practical knowledge to achieve the best outcomes possible. For more information, visit the Salvos Legal website.
Oxfam Australia is a global movement of people working hard to tackle poverty around the globe. At Oxfam they believe all lives are equal and no-one should live in poverty. They join forces with people who share the belief, to empower communities to build better lives for themselves. They are on the ground, not only to save lives in times of crisis, but also to develop lasting solutions. That’s why they are also in front of decision-makers, governments and corporations, and speak out on the big issues. Together they are tackling poverty by changing minds, systems and lives. For more information, visit Oxfam’s website.
Amnesty International Amnesty International is the world’s largest and most-respected human rights organisation. They are an independent, global movement of people who campaign courageously for human rights. In more than 150 countries worldwide, over 8 million of them stand together for justice, freedom, human dignity and equality. In Australia and across the globe they bring torturers to justice, change oppressive laws and free people jailed for voicing their opinions. Amnesty International Australia employs around 90 staff across a range of positions, and their employees bring a variety of skills and qualifications from diverse backgrounds. For more information, visit Amnesty International’s website.
Red Cross Australia Australian Red Cross is building a better society based on people helping people. They work with politicians, policy-makers, organisations and the public to improve the situation of the most vulnerable people in Australia and around the world.They advocate based on direct experience and evidence, and empower people to speak out and take action to improve their lives. They will always focus on the needs and perspectives of vulnerable people, in their areas of expertise. For more information, visit the Red Cross’ website.
30
Environmental Law Environmental Defenders Office The Environmental Defenders Office (EDO) is a community legal service and a non-government, not-for-profit organisation. EDO focuses on protecting Australia’s climate, wildlife and communities. They provide legal advice, advocate for law reform in state and federal environmental laws and take landmark environmental cases to court on behalf of clients. For more information, visit the EDO website.
National Environmental Law Association The National Environmental Law Association (NELA) has a broad range of members, including barristers, judges, in-house counsel, policy makers and NGOs. NELA aims to promote discussion and understanding of environmental laws. They provide submissions on climate change regulations and host seminars and conferences concerning environmental law. For more information, visit the NELA website.
NSW Environmental Protection Authority The NSW Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) is the primary environmental regulator, partnering with business, government and the community to improve environmental performance and waste management in NSW. The NSW EPA provides guidance for a range of environmental issues, publishes scientific research and assists in the prosecution of environmental offences in the NSW Land and Environment Court. For more information, visit the NSW EPA website.
31
Greenpeace
Nature Conservation Council
Greenpeace International’s Legal Unit provides independent legal advice to the global Greenpeace network on: strategic litigation to advance the fight against environmental destruction; risk management and strategic defence of campaigns, organisation and staff; and advocacy efforts to strengthen environmental and human rights. For more information, visit https Greenpeace’s website.
Nature Conservation Council is NSW’s leading environmental advocacy organisation, with a mission to protect nature and create the conditions it needs to thrive. For more than 60 years, NCC have been at the centre of the state’s most important conservation battles and have notched up countless wins for wildlife, bushland, marine life, and local communities. NCC run campaigns, mobilise communities, and advocate passionately for the protection of our unique wildlife and bushland. The Council also plays a leading role in fire policy, education, and ecology through our Healthy Ecosystems Program. For more information, visit the Council’s website.
Australian Earth Laws Alliance The Australian Earth Laws Alliance (AELA) is a national not-for-profit organisation whose mission is to increase the understanding and practical implementation of Earth centred law, governance and ethics in Australia. AELA carries out its work by supporting multi-disciplinary teams of professionals engaged in research, education, publications, community capacity building and law reform. The team includes indigenous community leaders, lawyers, economists, scientists, deep ecologists, artists and community development practitioners. AELA works on a membership-participation model and is powered by committed volunteers, who work together as individuals and organisations across Australia. For more information, visit the AELA website.
Environmental Justice Australia Environmental Justice Australia (EJA) is a leading public interest legal organisation. EJA lawyers act on behalf of people and community organisations to safeguard health, to protect magnificent forests, rivers and wildlife, and to tackle climate change. EJA seek to test the boundaries of existing laws and advocate for law reform, policy change and solutions that make the system fair and just for all. For more information, visit the EJA website.
32
NSW Land and Environment Court The NSW Land and Environment Court hears disputes in relation to the environment, development, building and local government planning. The Court is a great opportunity to obtain experience in environmental law whilst being a student by becoming a Tipstaff, which is a role that involves assisting judges with research and administrative support. Moreover, it is a great career opportunity for later in your career if you decide to become a lawyer practising in environmental law, or if you want to become a judge presiding over the Court. For more information, visit the Court’s website.
NSW Environmental Protection Authority The CJP is a non-government organisation that focuses on the greenhouse gas emissions of corporations. It is made up of lawyers, academics and campaigners that seeks to raise awareness in relation to climate change, as well as develop strategies to combat climate change. They provide volunteer opportunities, so if you are passionate about climate justice visit their website. For more information, visit the CJP website.
Diplomatic and International Roles Lawyers Without Borders Lawyers Without Borders was formed in 2000 and draws lawyers from around the world to support the rule of law, economic development, peace building and sustainability in the legal sector. Members contribute to LWOB on a pro bono basis, but do not represent individuals in legal actions. For more information, visit the Lawyers Without Borders website.
International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It offers internships of one to three months to students and young professionals who are in the early stages of their careers. The internship is an opportunity to put your knowledge and experience into practice, while performing certain tasks for the Court under the supervision of Registry officials. For more information, visit the ICJ website.
International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court offers approximately 200 internships per calendar year for students and graduates across various fields including law. These internships are offered as an opportunity for candidates in the early stages of their career to gain exposure to the day-today working environment of the ICC, and to put their knowledge and experience into practise under the supervision of working professionals. For more information, visit the ICC website.
33
Permanent Court of Arbitration The PCA is located in The Hague in the Netherlands and provides a variety of dispute resolution services to the international community, including arbitration, mediation and conciliation, and Commissions of Inquiry. Internships of three months are available to final-year law students and graduates interested in gaining exposure to International arbitration practices. For more information, visit the Court’s website.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The UNHCR is a global organisation that leads and coordinates international action to protect refugees and other displaced persons. Positions may be in the UNHCR headquarters in Geneva, or in the field. Roles range from protection to program or logistics. The Junior Professional Officer (JPO) program is designed for young university graduates or young professionals and lasts for 2-4 years. For more information, visit the Commission’s website.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is the lead agency managing Australia’s international presence. The department provides foreign, trade and development advice to the government and works with other government agencies to ensure that Australia’s national interests are coordinated effectively. DFAT’s work includes developing and implementing foreign, trade and development policy, negotiating international agreements, delivering an effective aid programme, and providing high quality consular assistance. For more information, visit DFAT’s website.
34
Public Service & Government Roles Legal Aid NSW Legal Aid NSW is the largest legal aid agency in Australia, with 21 offices in metro and regional centres across NSW. Legal Aid NSW also hosts many specialist services for people who are particularly disadvantaged - such as prisoners, homeless people, children and young people, women victims of domestic violence, older people and people with mental illness. Lawyers predominantly focus on Crime, Family Law and Civil Law. For more information, visit Legal Aid’s website.
NSW Department of Communities and Justice There are a wide range of roles in each of the divisions of the Department of Communities Justice including working in courts, correctional centres, juvenile detention centres, community programs, victims support services, the Office of the Sheriff, corporate services and much more. Entry level roles in the Courts, Tribunals and Service Delivery division of the Department are ideal for law students who are passionate about a career in the NSW legal system. For more information, visit the Department’s website.
Commonealth Ombudsman The Commonwealth Ombudsman is responsible for investigating complaints, conducting audits and generally overseeing the administration of Commonwealth Agencies, including through acting as the Defence Force, Immigration, Law Enforcement, Postal Industry, ACT and Overseas Students Ombudsman (OSO). In this respect, employment with the Ombudsman provides a fantastic opportunity for individuals interested in public administration, administrative law, public sector work, governance, and alternative dispute resolution to pursue an exciting and engaging future career. For more information, visit the Ombudsman’s website.
35
Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC)
Australian Security Organisation (ASIO)
The Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) is an independent statutory office holder responsible for undertaking a number of privacy functions, freedom of information functions and assisting in government information policy. In each of these areas of work, the OAIC investigates and handles complaints, reviews decisions made under the FOI act and issues determinations, monitors agency administration and provides advice to individuals, businesses and government departments. For more information, visit the OAIC website.
ASIO is an intelligence agency which investigates threats to Australia’s national security and provides security advice to governments and businesses, as well as dealing in counterterrorism, counter-espionage and collecting foreign intelligence. Their work also contributes to preventing and addressing acts of foreign interferences, promotion of communal violence, sabotage and threats to Australia’s territorial integrity. For more information, visit the ASIO website.
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is Australia’s peak competition and consumer protection agency, and is responsible for a large number of different tasks designed to ensure fair trading, competition and fair national markets, in the interests of consumers generally. Work involves complaint handling, independent research and investigations, prosecutions, education and advice, assistance to industry, administrative resolution, and legal action. For more information, visit the ACCC website.
Australian Tax Office (ATO) The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) is the government body responsible for federal taxation, and the principal revenue-collecting agency for the Federal Government. The legal department of the ATO functions mostly in an interpretation, advisory and policy-making role, with taxpayers, government bodies and the department and treasury in general. The office both interprets and maintains interpretations of existing taxation law, as well as advising in the development of new law, through the Department of Treasury. For more information, visit the ATO website.
36
Intelligence
Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) ASIS is responsible for obtaining and distributing secret intelligence about the capabilities, intentions and activities of individuals or organisations outside of Australia that may affect Australia’s interest and the wellbeing of our citizens. ASIS particularly values candidates who are experienced in research and analysis, as well as possess technical expertise and corporate exposure. For more information, visit the ASIS website.
Criminal Law Criminal law covers a range of criminal offences and there are different statutes for each State and Territory, in addition to a Federal Act. Criminal lawyers can be divided into two broad types: defence lawyers and prosecution lawyers.
Their tasks generally include appearing in court, communicating with third parties such as police, briefing a criminal barrister and advising the client. Prosecution lawyers will similarly brief barristers and liaise with other parties such as victims and police.
Defence lawyers represent individuals or groups that are accused of a criminal offence.
Law firms, particularly boutique firms, work on criminal law matters as do government agencies.
Aboriginal Legal Service The Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS) opened its doors in 1970 in Redfern as the first Aboriginal Legal Service in Australia, and the first free legal assistance service in the country. The ALS does legal work in criminal law, children’s care and protection law and family law. The ALS recruits various paralegals and graduate lawyers across NSW to facilitate in offering a diverse and widespread service. Visit the ALS website for more information.
Legal Aid NSW
Graphic/Photo
Legal Aid NSW is a state-wide organisation providing legal services to socially and economically disadvantaged people across NSW. Legal Aid delivers legal services in most areas of criminal, family and civil law. Almost all services delivered by Legal Aid NSW are provided to people from disadvantaged groups. This includes people on low incomes, people from rural and regional areas and people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Legal Aid NSW is strongly committed to providing services for Aboriginal people in NSW across a range of areas of law. Legal Aid is similar to the ALS in that it recruits various paralegals and graduate lawyers across NSW. Visit the Legal Aid website for more information.
37
NSW Office of Director of Public Prosecutions The Office of the Director of Public Prosecution (ODPP) NSW is the independent prosecuting body for the state of New South Wales. The ODPP is responsible for prosecuting serious offences in the Children’s Court, and the Local, District and Supreme Courts. The NSW ODPP offers a graduate recruitment development program. The program is available in offices across Sydney and regional areas on a full time basis for a 12 month period. Graduates gain paid legal experience in criminal prosecutions, the opportunity to network with senior lawyers and Crown Prosecutors, extensive training and feedback, and flexible work practices. For further information, visit the ODPP website.
Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions The Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) is an independent prosecution service established by the federal Parliament to prosecute offences under Commonwealth Law. The CDPP performs similar functions to the ODPP, however in a federal capacity with offices in all states and territories. The CDPP offers graduate recruitment similar to the ODPP. For further information visit the CDPP website.
38
Career Paths
(Private Law Careers)
39
What is Family Law? Family law deals with the regulation of family relationships. These types of issues can range from the settlement of large property pools between separated parties to recovery orders that can require family members to return children that have been taken. Other types of family law issues concern divorce, care and protection of children, wills and estates, adoption and surrogacy. The interesting thing about this area of law is the regulation of these intimate family relationships, and the constant question about how far the law should go in regulating this often-private area of people’s lives- has it gone too far, or has it not gone far enough?
Family Law
A Day in the Life The legal matters in a family law firm are different every day. A day in the life of a family lawyer can include having initial appointments with clients over the phone or in person to provide legal advice, drafting court documents, briefing barristers for court, as well as going to court to act on behalf of a parent, husband or wife, or a child.
Where can you practice Family Law? Top Tier Family Law Firms Top Tier Family Law firms include, according to the Doyles ‘Leading Family & Divorce Law Firms – Sydney, 2019’: • Barkus Doolan • Broun Abrahams Burreket • Pearson Emerson Meyer
40
Boutique Family Law Firms Boutique law firms generally offer an intimate and hands on experience for paralegals and assistants, where you have the great opportunity to engage with almost every step of the matterfrom the intake of the client to the court preparation of a court hearing. As such, the work is rewarding and provides a great learning environment. Some boutique firms also take on some legally aided clients, which will really allow you to engage with a diverse range of matters and clients if you decide to apply as a paralegal or assistant, or later down the track as a lawyer. These firms may exclusive practice in family law and include lawyers who are Accredited Specialists, or some firms will practice in additional types of law such as criminal law.
Community Services Legal Aid and the Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS) also provide family law services. Working in one of these roles will allow you to assist clients from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds and is essentially where private law and social justice collide.
Jessica Tasso Associate Barkus Doolan Family Lawyers
1
Family law is relatable and it’s also challenging. Everyone knows someone who has been through a relationship breakdown and experienced the difficulties involved. More particularly, I decided to pursue a career in family law because it meant dealing with individual people on a daily basis and assisting them directly to navigate their way out of their difficult situation.
2
What does the day in the life of a family lawyer look like?
A day in the life of a family lawyer could involve any of the following: • Meeting with clients or discussing the outstanding issues of the matter over the phone • Drafting settlement documents, as well as documents to be filed in the Family Court or Federal Circuit Court. • Attending court and appearing on behalf of your client at mentions, directions • hearings, conciliation conferences interim and final hearings.
4
Why Family Law?
What is the most rewarding part of your job?
The most rewarding aspect is working with people directly and knowing that your preparation and expertise has resulted in the best possible outcome for your client.
5
What is your advice to law students interested in working in family law?
Go for it and start applying! Family law is a really small practice area and the jobs are limited. When I was applying for graduate roles, I only applied for family law roles and it took a bit of time. If working in family law is something that you really want to do, don’t give up and go for something else because you feel the pressure to lock yourself into full time employment straight out of uni. Another great option that I would recommend is applying to be an Associate of the Family Court of Australia of Federal Circuit Court of Australia. Being an Associate provides you with the invaluable experience of being inside the courtroom so you can gain exposure to a wide variety of matters. It’s also a great stepping stone in gaining a graduate position (and I hear the hours are great).
and
• Attending a round table conference or privately organised mediation to try and resolve disputes between parties. • Attending court or conferences with counsel and the client.
3
What is a particularly difficult aspect of your job?
Working in family law is particularly difficult because it involves assisting people through a difficult period in their life. As a result, you are working with clients who are understandably highly emotional and often quite difficult. We are assisting clients navigate divorces, property settlement, post separation parenting arrangements, financial agreements and child support disputes.
41
Commercial Law Commercial law is a broad area that concerns commercial activity and the businesses and individuals which are involved in them. It encompasses many smaller areas of law such as tax law, mergers and acquisitions and banking and finance. Commercial lawyers generally assist their clients in navigating the complexities of the laws governing their businesses and provide business advice. Commercial lawyers typically work at large firms or in-house for an organisation, but small law firms also do some work in this area. The types of work lawyers would typically perform vary depending on the practice group, and include litigious, transactional and advisory work. As a graduate, you often will not be expected to have a large amount of background knowledge and you will learn much of the skills and commercial awareness on the job. Therefore, commercial law is a broad discipline and interesting for many law students, whether they enjoy business advisory, transactional work or litigation. More information can be found on commercial law and law firms in the Clerkship Guide.
42
Allens Dive In The Allens Dive In program is a three-day program that provides insight into the operation and culture of one of Australia’s largest commercial law firms. The program is designed to give an insight into the work at Allens, the lives of their commercial lawyers and imparting practical skills and experience to participants. It is also an excellent opportunity to gain a better understanding of the art of writing cover letters and resumes, crucial to securing a clerkship in your penultimate year. Students who complete the program become part of the Dive In Alumni and are invited back to Allens in their penultimate year, to gain specific guidance on the nature of their clerkship application process. The program is typically held in May and June each year, with applications closing around early April. Applications for Allens Dive In are welcomed from second and third-year undergraduate law students or first year JD law students.
What the Program Involves Students in the Dive In program will engage with activities such as the following: • Introduction of the Practice Groups and Committees and a section called Preparing for Work at Allens, which introduces students to the culture and operation of Allens. • A Client Interviewing activity for students to develop such essential skills. • Personal Branding, Networking and Application Development sessions for improving students’ skills and understanding of the clerkship recruitment process whilst providing useful information for a successful legal career. • A Q&A with HR which provides students the perfect opportunity to ask their burning questions.
Georgia Weeden 3rd Year Allens Dive In Alumnus 2020
What did you get out of participating in Allens Dive in? The Dive In Program was a fantastic opportunity to not only gain insights on life as a lawyer at Allens, but to also practice a number of skills pertinent to being a successful lawyer. Throughout the program, participants engaged in Q&A’s with lawyers in a number of practice areas; undertook workshops in personal branding, interview and application techniques; and worked with lawyers to strengthen professional skills. Notably, the Allens program and the industry insights it provided, confirmed that I will pursue a career in commercial law after graduation. Which was your favourite session and why? My favourite session was by far the professional skills workshops, particularly in client interviewing. Whilst I have had ample experience in my studies to practice client interviews, the guidance provided by our mentors was invaluable as they were able to provide constructive feedback in a way that would improve the client experience within a commercial law context. How has Dive In helped with your understanding of the legal industry? Dive In was phenomenal in providing a wellrounded understanding of Allen’s role within a global operation. Whilst participants went into the program with a sound understanding of the operational aspects of law firms, the partners and associates who spoke and facilitated sessions provided insightful information and anecdotes on their professional journeys with Allens. In doing so, each session focused on the lawyer experience and the demands expected of students wanting to pursue a career in commercial law. At the conclusion of the program, it was safe to say that all participants had a very enjoyable experience and were apprised of the in’s and out’s of life practicing at Allens.
43
King & Wood Mallesons Insight The King & Wood Mallesons Insight program is an introductory program to KWM as a firm and careers in commercial law. Insight provides its participants with a greater understanding of commercial law on both a national and international level, presenting KWM’s involvement at both levels, and equips students with skills needed to work in this sector of the legal industry. The program provides opportunities to network with lawyers at KWM and even includes a day of ‘shadowing’ a lawyer at KWM, where participants gain first-hand experience of the operations of a top tier law firm, and the dayto-day of a commercial lawyer. KWM Insight also covers interview and application skills, providing strategies for success in clerkship applications.
What the Program Involves
Applications for the program typically close around late July each year, with the program running over the following 6 months. The program is open to second and third-year undergraduate students and first year JD law students.
3. Skills Based Session KWM Insight aims to equip students with the skills needed for working in commercial law particularly within the beginning of a career for roles as paralegals, clerks or graduates. A mock interview also accompanies this session, where students can gain useful feedback on their interviewing skills and technique.
The KWM Insight program is split into four days: 1. The Global Legal Market The first session involves an information session about KWM, commercial law generally and the landscape of commercial law in Australia and internationally. A Q&A session is also often held with lawyers and HR. 2. Networking at KWM The second day is an opportunity for students to network with both KWM lawyers and other participants in the program.
4. Shadow a Layer The last day sees students shadow a lawyer, gaining real exposure to the day of a commercial lawyer in a top tier firm.
44
Daniel Lim 5th Year KWM Insight Alumnus
What did you get out of participating in Insight?
How was insight illuminated your understanding of the legal industry?
The Insight program gave me a really good understanding and introduction to of commercial law as a junior law student by holding four diversified sessions. The first day involved an information session on the legal industry both in Australia and globally which was incredibly useful as my first exposure to a multinational law firm and commercial law and was followed up with a Q&A session with lawyers from KWM, which was a great opportunity to gain further understanding about the firm and their work. The networking evening in the second day was a great opportunity to make connections both with the lawyers from KWM but also the fellow participants of the Insight program.
Insight illuminated my understanding of the legal industry through introduction and networking with, real commercial lawyers, which I had not had the opportunity to do so prior. The lawyers at KWM gave a really personal perspective of what its like to work in commercial law. They were honest and transparent about the hard work and work commitments but more importantly the perks of the industry in the extremely interesting matters that they worked on and the incredible support they have at KWM.
The third session was excellent as we were given the opportunity to go through a mock interview and receive feedback on our interview technique and ability. I was unable to attend the last session but the opportunity to shadow a lawyer was spoken of very highly by my fellow Insight participants.
I appreciated that they spoke to the reality of the industry and its difficulties and challenges they faced as lawyers but at the same time, highlighted why they became commercial lawyers, the rewarding experiences they have had and the motivation and emotions behind their careers. This allowed us as students to personally connect with the lawyers and speakers and gave us the information and understanding to form our own perspectives of commercial law, an industry that we aimed to move into in the future.
Which was your favourite session and why? My favourite session was the third session because I got to test my interview skills in the mock one-on-one interviews and was able to receive excellent feedback about how you interviewed and what can be improved on. The activity was an excellent insight into the clerkship interviews as they ask very similar questions.
45
In-House In-house lawyers are employed by their organisation and only work for one client. In-house legal departments can be found in a range of organisations, from banks, government, media and pharmaceutical companies. In-house lawyers are required to combine their legal skills and their deep understanding of the organisation to not only offer legal advice, but advise on business solutions and strategy. Inhouse teams often assist with handling transactions, intellectual property, supply chain management, acquiring of assets, dealing with regulators, and reducing their employer’s legal exposure when launching new products or services. In-house lawyers work to resolve legal issues when they arise for the company, but also work to train and support the business to work to prevent such issues arising at all. They are often given greater exposure to the business’s challenges and help them achieve their commercial goals. There has been significant growth in the number of in-house lawyers in Australia, with now 90% of Australian organisations having at least one in-house counsel. Additionally, in-house teams are seen as leading the way in automating and implementing innovative legal services and encouraging client autonomy.
46
Melissa Morabito Senior Legal Counsel ResMed
Why did you decide to be an in-house lawyer?
What are the advantages of being an inhouse lawyer?
I didn’t know in-house roles existed until I was seconded from a law firm to a corporate legal department! Once I experienced the in house environment I knew it was where I wanted to be as it combined my interest in law and business. I was part of the action, I could see how advice would impact operations, rather than just advising in the background.
Being able to influence business strategy. The ability to see your advice play out in a real world context. The breadth and variety of work. You are much more of a “jack of all trades” in house rather than specialising in a particular area of law.
What does your day look like as an in-house lawyer? Wake up. Check emails that come in overnight from our global offices (EU and US). Check in with the team. Meetings with internal clients. Reviewing and drafting advice, strategy etc. More meetings. Try and get out for a quick walk at lunch. More meetings. Hopefully some time late afternoon/evening to draft/work. Final check of emails before switching off after dinner. Sometimes late calls with EU teams. Why did you decide to be an in-house lawyer?
What are the advantages of being an inhouse lawyer? In house is less focused generally on the “technical” aspects of the law and more about problem solving. The law may only be one piece of the puzzle you need to solve. The physical proximity to your clients – they will seek you out in the coffee line!
Make sure to check out Episode 3 of Justified: Life In-House (ResMed) to learn more about the work and role of In-house counsel.
Being a good lawyer and technical skills are your ticket to play. What you will need to succeed are the soft skills that law students often under appreciate. Your ability to problem solve, finding innovative solutions to novel and often complex legal and business issues, communication both written and oral, these will set you apart. You need to be able to manage stakeholders at all levels of the business, from the C-suite to a junior engineer.
47
Fair Work Rights
48
Situation Minimum remuneration
Notice of Termination
Sexual Harassment
Information
Help
Contact Details
The Legal Services Award 2020 covers virtually all roles that involve legal work, and assigns a minimum hourly rate in accordance with the various jobs available.
Fair Work Ombudsman
https://www. fairwork.gov.au/ how-we-will-help/ how-we-help-you/ anonymous-report
As a part-time or full-time employee, employers must provide 1-4 weeks notice, as well as pay and outstanding leave, based on the length of your tenure, before terminating your employment.
Fair Work Ombudsman
https://calculate. fairwork.gov.au/ EndingEmployment
Sexual harassment involves any unwelcomed sexual advances, sexual conduct or unwelcomed requests for sexual favours and is illegal in all workplaces, regardless of the harassed’s employee status.
https://www. fairwork.gov.au/ how-we-will-help/ how-we-help-you/ anonymous-report
Australian Human Rights Commission Anti-Discrimination NSW
https:// humanrights.gov. au/complaints/ make-complaint
1800 670 812 https://www. antidiscrimination.justice. nsw.gov.au/Pages/ adb1makingacomplaint/ enquiries.aspx
49
Situation
Discrimination
Victimisation
50
Information
State and Federal legislation prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, disability, race, sexuality, gender identity, marital status and carer responsibility in all stages of employment including recruitment, job application outcomes and employment. Victimisation refers to subjecting or threatening to subject a person to some form of detriment because that person wishes to or has lodged a complaint of discrimination or harassment.
Help
Anti-Discrimination NSW
Contact Details
1800 670 812 https://www. antidiscrimination.justice. nsw.gov.au/Pages/ adb1makingacomplaint/ enquiries.aspx
Anti-Discrimination NSW
1800 670 812 https://www. antidiscrimination.justice. nsw.gov.au/Pages/ adb1makingacomplaint/ enquiries.aspx
Resources Counselling services
Fair Work Anonymous Reporting
Lifeline (13 11 14) Beyond Blue (1300 22 4636)
https://www.fairwork.gov.au/howwe-will-help/how-we-help-you/ anonymous-report
Sexual assault specialist serivce
Fair Work Information Statement
P: 1300 888 529
https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ employee-entitlements/nationalemployement-standards/fair-workinformation-statement
Salvos Legal Humanitarian Service
Fair Work COVID-19 Measures
1800RESPECT (1800 737 732)
NSW Legal Aid
P: (02) 8202 888 528
Women’s Legal Service P: (02) 8745 6988
https://coronavirus.fairwork.gov. au/coronavirus-and-australianworkplace-laws/pay-and-leave-duringcoronavirus/jobkeeper-wage-subsidyscheme/default
Youth Law Australia P: (02) 9385 9588
Justice Connect P: (02) 8599 2100
51
Graduate Roles
52
Great change is here. Shape the future with Allens At Allens, we’re focused on equipping our people with the skills and experience they need to be the lawyers of the future. We’re ready to define tomorrow. Are you? With us, you’ll be more than a lawyer. Our people are technical experts, but they’re also trusted business advisers who think bigger, more broadly and more strategically. Together, we solve complex legal challenges, and collaborate across practice areas and disciplines to guide our clients.
We work across borders too, thanks to our alliance with Linklaters. This provides opportunites for our firm and our people, including annual rotations in Linklaters London, Hong Kong and Singapore being available to our graduate lawyers.
An early legal career at Allens includes highly tailored training through the Allens Academy. Developed in partnership with the Australian National University, our Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice will help you transition from law graduate to legal expert and trusted business adviser.
In a rapidly changing world, we seek opportunities to innovate, embracing creative thinking, new approaches and emerging technology. We don’t just seek opportunities to benefit ourselves and our clients, we believe strongly in driving positive change to do right by our community too, as demonstrated through our strong pro bono practices.
Our teams are open, inclusive and encouraging, giving you the opportunity to learn and grow while feeling supported. You’ll have the flexibility to drive your own career, and we’ll recognise your achievements and hard work as you progress through the firm. Are you ready to begin?
CLERKSHIP PROGRAM A clerkship at Allens is the first step in a rewarding legal career, and will give you invaluable insights into our work and culture. With support from a buddy and development supervisor, you’ll work on real matters for real clients and be involved in a variety of projects. The programs: run from three to 10 weeks; are available at our Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth
and Sydney offices;
feature ongoing support, including a buddy system; and include exposure to one or two practice groups.
GRADUATE PROGRAM In each rotation, you’ll gain a depth of experience that comes from seeing matters through to the end, and get exposure to stimulating legal challenges. At Allens, we don’t work in silos, meaning you won’t be limited to working with only one partner or by your practice areas. You’ll work alongside a range of partners and lawyers, giving you exposure to a wide variety of tasks. Working with different teams and leading organisations, you’ll grow a solid skills base and develop the agility needed to thrive in our ever‑changing world. The programs include: two 12‑month rotations in your areas of interest; secondment options in London or Asia, via our alliance
with Linklaters;
ongoing supervision, coaching and mentoring; completing a Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice
(via Allens Academy); and
a 12‑month weekly legal seminar series
(Cornerstone Program).
Find out more at allens.com.au/yourcareer Allens is an independent partnership operating in alliance with Linklaters LLP.
18217D
Your journey to a world-class career begins here
Baker McKenzie is Australia’s first global law firm. We’ve been developing global lawyers in Australia for more than 50 years – each started out as a law student, just like you.
Angelique Holden +61 2 8922 5596 angelique.holden@bakermckenzie.com
Become a world-class lawyer. Join the firm that was born global.
www.bakermckenzie.com/australia#careers Find us at @BakersAUS
Ready to explore our world?
Find us on Facebook
Expand When you join Lander & Rogers, you’ll have the opportunity to grow into a great lawyer. But that’s just the start. Working alongside some of Australia's leading experts and one of Australia's most highly regarded pro bono practices, you’ll acquire the real world skills demanded of the very best lawyers. Here you’ll become a lawyer and more.
Discover your and at landers.com.au/graduates
William Roberts is a dynamic and innovative law firm with a focus on dispute resolution, litigation, and personal, commercial and property transactions.
CONTACT US We would be delighted to connect with you in relation to any queries you may have.
William Roberts Lawyers is different – in a good way Dispute resolution is what we do. Many firms say that the client is at the centre of everything that they do, but in reality that's far from accurate. As a disrupter within the traditional insurance law market, we continually think about how to add value to our clients and how we can help our client on their journey to resolve their dispute. Our clients recognise this difference too. As a boutique insurance law firm with a practice specialty in dispute resolution, our clients benefit from our depth of practice and our team benefits from the opportunity to hone their specialist skills. In the last year, we handled more than 220 disputed insurance matters. This quantity of matters, and almost constant engagement with insurers, gives our team the experience to approach every dispute with innovative thinking around efficiency, cost and strategic advantage.
Robert Ishak, Principal Telephone: +61 2 9552 2111 Email: robert.ishak@williamroberts.com.au
William Roberts is a market leader Results are a given in this market, that is the price of entry, and our success rate is 95%. We have led the market in pioneering alternative pricing for litigation matters for a decade. 52% of our matters contain some form of alternative pricing which delivers cost savings as certainty to our clients, and has challenged our peers in the market to do the same. We are renowned for our innovative thinking. That is why well-regarded private individuals such as NSW Deputy Commissioner of Police, Nick Kaldas APM, came to us for legal representation at the recent Parliamentary Inquiry into Operation Prospect and former High Court Judge the Hon Michael Kirby AC CMG asked us to act for him in his personal matters.
Carlos Jaramillo, Principal Telephone: +61 2 9552 2111 Email: carlos.jaramillo@williamroberts.com.au
Dispute resolution is what we do, all day, every day and we are passionate about embracing challenges as opportunities SYDNEY Level 22, 66 Goulburn Street, SYDNEY NSW 2000 MELBOURNE Level 21, 535 Bourke Street, MELBOURNE VIC 3000 BRISBANE Level 8, 300 Ann Street, BRISBANE QLD 4000 SINGAPORE William Roberts Lawyers Pte Ltd, Level 19, Singapore Land Tower, 50 Raffles Place, SINGAPORE 048623
williamrobertslawyers.com.au
Activate your career. Practical Legal Training
Cormac Foley Solicitor, Danny King Legal Graduate of the University of Wollongong
• • • • • •
Only 5 days face-to-face attendance More than 20 start dates in NSW in 2020 15 weeks full-time or 30 weeks part-time study options Emphasis on task-based, practical learning 15 days and 75 days work experience options The preferred provide to 9 of the top 10 law firms
Learn more at collaw.edu.au/PLT
Special thanks to Platinum Sponsors
Gold Sponsors
Silver Sponsors
59