BEDRYFSNUUS 38 AUG Pg 38 by Multiknit Pty Ltd

GLOBAL MARKET FOR CITRUS FRUIT John Edmonds

The following article is essentially a translation from French of a presentation per kind favour of Eric Imbert, editor of FRUITROP Monthly which looks here at growth prospects in the global citrus markets based on consumption trends.

pparent consumption was derived us-

from 2013 to 2014; the first significant de-

ing by adding imports to local produc-

cline in a decade. (Fig 1)

tion and subtracting exports and fruit used

Western Europe imports have been steady

for processing. Data was sourced from cus-

around 5.4 million tons since 2008 although

toms, Comtrade, Eurostat and Trade Map.

there was a small increase in 2012 and 2013.

The main focus of his research was the main

The strong growth in Eastern Europe over the

global areas of import; North America, Eu-

last few years seems to have come to an end. Asia shows a slowing down in 2013 and 2014

rope and Japan whilst citrus producing countries of the EU (Spain, Italy, Portugal,

Fig 1: Global Imports of Citrus (millions of tonnes).

after seven years of strong growth. The Middle East shows continued strong growth over

Cyprus) were excluded from the analysis. Between 2004 and 2011 global citrus im-

year. However 2012/13 saw a 300 000 ton

the decade and North America shows some

ports grew at about half a million tons per

growth followed by an equivalent decline

growth although off a limited base. (Fig 2)

Fig 2: Citrus Imports in Main Markets

Fig 3: Western Europe Imports by Commodity

Fig 4: Eastern Europe Imports by Main Markets

(millions of tonnes)

(millions of tonnes).

MARKTE

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

Fig 5 a: Asia Imports by Commodity

Fig 5 b: North America Imports by Commodity

Fig 6: Middle East Imports by Commodity

(million tonnes)

The European Union has reached a mature

2012) experiencing recession in 2013/4 and

in 2014 whilst the United Emirates and Iraq

stage in terms of citrus consumption.

imports flat in Thailand (25% of imports in

took 20% each. There is also growth in soft

2014) for the last three years.

citrus and to a smaller degree, lemons. Of the

Lemons consumption is steady around 800 000 cartons although a drop in Argenti-

Grapefruit imports continue to decline

Southern hemisphere countries South Af-

na’s supply in 2013 and 2014 could account in

in the key Japanese market with no apparent

rica supplies most of their orange and lemon

the small general decline in imports in the last

drivers for growth.

needs whilst for the rest of the year, Northern

two years. Soft citrus is stable around 1.8 mil-

Lemons buck the recent trend in Asia’s

hemisphere countries such as Egypt (orange),

lion tons and likewise for oranges at about 2.5

import of citrus commodities with a growth

Pakistan (soft citrus) and Turkey (soft citrus

million tons after a brief upturn in 2012/13.

of over 100 000 tons of imports mainly by

and lemon) provide the balance. (Fig 6)

Grapefruit continues a slow decline averaging

China. (Fig 5 a)

For Mediterranean citrus producers, there

North America shows continued growth

seems to be little scope for growth in their tra-

Eastern Europe also shows a slowdown.

albeit off a low base. Imports of orange, lem-

ditional markets. The maturity or decline of

Russia doubled its citrus imports from 2014

on and particularly of small citrus fruits are

orange markets of Western Europe, Germany

to 2010 from 0.8 to 1.6 million tons. The gen-

still growing. The beneficiaries are mainly the

in particular and the limited growth limited

eral slowdown in imports was accentuated by

southern hemisphere, counter-seasonal pro-

available in price sensitive, Eastern Europe-

the political situation and devaluation of the

ducers who account for 60% of the growth

an markets like Bulgaria and Romania pose

rouble. The political situation also contrib-

with Mexico filling 25% of this portion. The

a dilemma. Growth in Russia and Ukraine

uted to Ukraine’s decrease in 2014. The other

strongest growth has been in the soft citrus

is still constrained due to economic and po-

Eastern European markets show continued

commodity. Consumption of oranges per

litical considerations. The growth room in the

growth from 180 000 tons in 20014 to 350

capita has declined by 700 g to 4 kg per per-

United States seems to be constrained to their

000 t in 2014. (Fig 4)

son per year in the USA and by 400 g to 5.4

local production or counter seasonal southern

kg per person in Canada. (Fig 5 b)

hemisphere imports. With Egypt, Turkey and

about 330 000 tons per annum. (Fig 3)

In Asia, two key markets contribute to the slowdown in growth mainly attributed to

The Middle East continues to show a

Morocco continuing to invest in new produc-

recession; South Korea with 20% of imports

growing demand for oranges (50 000 to 60

tion in spite of eroding margins, the Mediter-

in 2012 and China with 36% in 2012.

000tons per annum) in particular. Oranges

ranean industry will have to focus increasingly

Similarly the growth of soft citrus has

account for 60% of their citrus imports. Saudi

on service and varietal diversification to com-

stopped with Indonesia (30% of imports in

Arabia accounted for 40% of these imports

pete effectively.

MARKETING

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

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AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

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Prys spoor Samiel aan tot groter hoogtes Christa Haasbroek

s hy die kans kry, sal hy sonder twyfel

Tydens ‘n gesprek na afloop van die studiereis

weer inskryf vir die Sagtevrugtebedryf se

in Februarie vanjaar, val Samiel homself

Plaaswerker van die Jaar-kompetisie. Samiel

kort-kort in die rede wanneer hy vertel van

Hugo (44) van 32 Degrees South Pakstoor

sy wedervarings in Europa. “In sommige su-

in die Koue Bokkeveld en die 2014-wenner

permarkte in London is daar nie kassiere agter

van die kompetisie, is van mening dat elkeen

die kasregisters nie. Jy skandeer jou eie goed

wat die geleentheid kry om in te skryf vir dié

en daar is bloot ‘n toesighouer op die vloer vir

kompetisie, nie twee keer moet dink om dit

bystand, indien nodig. Die lewe daar is baie

aan te gryp nie. Deel van sy wenprys was ‘n

vinnig. Ek het letterlik stilgestaan en gekyk na

stu-diereis oorsee, volgens hom, ‘n uitsonder-

die mense, almal net besig met hulle eie sake.

like belewenis waartydens hy baie geleer het.

Niemand het met jou iets te doen nie.” Samiel

Hy beskou die prys ook as ‘n motivering en

was stomgeslaan deur ‘n instrument in Marks

aansporing om hom verder te bekwaam. “Ek

& Spencer wat bloot deur die druk van jou vin-

moedig elke leier aan om in te skryf vir daardie

ger op ‘n skerm wys waar en op watter rakke

kompetisie,” sê die man wat daaraan glo om

spesifieke items is. So ook deur die treine, wat

homself voortdurend te bemagtig met nuwe

die primêre vervoerstelsel is. “Mis jy nou ‘n

kennis en vaardighede. “Ek is ‘n man met am-

trein, oor twee, drie minute kom daar ‘n ander

bisie. Ek pak ‘n ding aan met baie oorgawe,

een. Jy moet net weet waarheen jy wil gaan.”

want ek glo nie aan halfpad nie,” sê Samiel.

Een van die beste ervarings, volgens hom, was dat jy tot laataand op straat kan loop, sonder om onveilig te voel. Tydens ‘n besoek aan die Ching Ford Dartford-fabriek in London, vanwaar vrugte versprei word, kon hulle eerstehands sien hoe meganisasie hande-arbeid uitskakel. “Min mense doen ‘n klomp werk, in ‘n klein area. Die een masjien word deur slegs twee mense hanteer. Hulle sit die bakkies op die lyn en as die bakkie anderkant uitkom, is dit klaar ge-lable en reg vir die winkel. In ons

Samiel Hugo visiting the Fruit Wharf at the Port of Rotterdam.

fietse loop in een pad, almal saam daar in Nederland,” sê hy. Samiel beskryf Duitsland, meer spesifiek die Fruit Logistica wat in Berlyn plaasgevind het, as oorweldigend. “Daai plek is so groot, jy kan dit nie binne een dag deurkyk nie.” Hy was baie geïnteresseerd in die masjinerie en verpakkings en is glad nie teleurgesteld nie. “Ek het agtergekom in Engeland is alles gemaklik. Die mense daar wil sommer klaar ‘n gaar ding koop. Die mense in Europa kies self hulle kosprodukte uit. Elke vrug en groente word sorgvuldig uitgesoek. Tot die vleis word bekyk en hang uit die dak uit, hulle maak hom so half droog.” Dié man wat op Elandsbaai aan die Weskus in ‘n familie van vissermanne gebore is, het sy loopbaan in die Landbou in 1990 op die plaas Wydekloof in die Koue Bokkeveld begin as algemene werker. Sy liefde vir Landbou het ontstaan toe hy gedurende skoolvakansies op verskillende plase in die Kouebokkeveld gewerk het. “Die pad was hard van begin tot hier. Ek het begin met ‘n

land sal so ‘n grootskaalse meganisasie net

pik en ‘n graaf toe ek moes sloot grawe om

tot groter werkloosheid en maatskaplike pro-

‘n pyp te lê. Ek onthou dit nog duidelik. In

bleme lei,” meen Samiel.

1994 het ek die geleentheid gekry om ‘n kur-

In Rotterdam se 50 kilometer breë hawe

sus te loop in boordmonitering en die res is

was hy weereens sprakeloos oor hoe effek-

geskiedenis,” vertel hy. Samiel beskryf hom-

tief en op geoliede wiele produkte ontvang,

self as ‘n buitelugmens wat hom na al die jare

gestoor, versend en verkoop word. “Ons

steeds verwonder oor hoe ‘n klein boompie

het gesien hoe inspeksies gedoen word. Die

kan groei en wasdom bereik. In 1996 is hy vir

mense daar het trollies met battery-aange-

die eerste keer aangestel as toesighouer oor ‘n

drewe rekenaars op, so hulle het nie elek-

span werkers en in 1998 kry hy geleentheid

trisiteit nodig nie. Hulle tik die inligting som-

om ‘n pakstoor te bestuur. In 2008 is Samiel

mer onmiddellik op die rekenaar.” Die strate

aangestel as logistieke bestuurder van 32 De-

van Rotterdam laat Samiel sy kop steeds in

grees South Pakstoor, so genoem na aanlei-

ongeloof skud. “Die treine, die karre en die

ding van die posisionering op die atlas. Die

TRANSFORMASIE

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

Ek probeer myself altyd bemagtig met kennis. Om sukses te behaal is egter nie maklik nie. Daar is sekere faktore wat ‘n rol speel, naamlik dat jy moet lief wees vir wat jy doen, jy moet hardwerkend wees en oor baie geduld beskik, jy moet ‘n visie hê en weet wat jy wil bereik en waarheen jy oppad is.”

transformasie TRANSFORMATION

doelgerigtheid en insette beskik die nasorgsentrum op Wydeplaas, nou oor ‘n rekenaarlokaal.

pakstoor bedien Wydekloof-, Langrivier-

tha Louw van Hortgro. Sy het opgetree as ons

Voorskoolse kinders kry soggens opleiding op

en De Meuelplase. Hy hanteer besendings,

toerleier en as gevolg van haar reëlings en lei-

die rekenaars en skoolgaande kinders namid-

ontvangstes en verkoelingstelsels. “Ek geniet

ding, het ons reis seepglad verloop. My prys

dae. Waitrose het vir hulle vier splinternuwe

my werk baie. Die manier hoe verkoeling

was vir my uit en uit die moeite werd, met

rekenaars geskenk en Petra Nel van Procare

werk, is baie interessant. In die BAtmosfeer-

alles wat daarmee gepaardgaan,” sê Samiel.

op Wellington, het vir hulle vyf tweedehandse

kamers, maak ons die appels aan die slaap,

Sy mikpunt is om operasionele bestuurder

rekenaars geskenk. Sy visie is om ook meer vol-

ter wille van langer houvermoë. Deur die

te word. “Ek probeer soveel as moontlik ken-

wasse mense betrokke te kry en rekenaargelet-

stikstof- en suurstofvlakke te beheer, kan ap-

nis inwin en skryf in vir elke kursus. As daar

terd te maak. Daar is ook planne in die pyplyn

pels tot ‘n jaar toe hou in die koelkamers.”

‘n geleentheid kom, steek ek my hande uit. Op

om elke plaas van 'n rekenaarlokaal te voorsien.

“Bernhard du Toit, ons plaaseienaar se

dié manier het ek al ‘n taamlike klompie kur-

Samiel is boonop afrigter van die plaas Lang-

vertroue in my, sy jarelange goeie leiding en

susse gedoen, binne en buite werksverband."

rivier United se rugbyspan wat verlede jaar die

mentorskap, het beslis ‘n rol gespeel in my

Samiel is ook baie betrokke by gemeenskaps-

wenners in hulle afdeling was. Die trotse egge-

prestasie. Hy het gehelp met die inskrywing

projekte. “Ons kinders op plase het nie al die

noot en pa se oë blink as hy vertel van Sophia,

en ondersteuning. Wat betref die oorsese reis

geleenthede wat kinders op die dorp het, soos

sy vrou, en hulle drie kinders, Sydville (21),

is ek persoonlik baie dank verskuldig aan Re-

byvoorbeeld internet nie.” Danksy Samiel se

Simone (15) en Samantha (23).

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www.lomowoodfibre.co.za TRANSFORMATION

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

ADVERTORIAL

One of the largest New Zealand exporters of apples said that an apple must have five characteristics to be a successful variety today especially in the Middle & Far East. Rosy Glow.

Namely it must be: • LARGE • SWEET • RED • RED • RED 2015 is proving this statement to be very, very true. Peter Dall

ne of our Marketeers said to me the

At present prices, one hectare of Rosy Glow

to Rosy Glow trees. The improvement in pack

other day, in the past to sell pale Fuji

at same tonnages will earn R124 554 more

out of Pink Lady Standard from Rosy Glow

per hectare than Cripps Pink.

trees can be in the warmer areas as much as

or pale Cripps Pink, one could drop the price by US$0.50 per carton and you would make a

The big dilemma facing apple producers in

100% (double the number of Pink Lady cartons

sale. Today if it is not at least 40% but prefer-

South Africa is while the Cripps Pink orchard

ably 50% red then no matter what you do to

is still taking money, it is becoming more and

out of a bin) as compared to the pack out from

the price, you will not make a sale.

more under pressure, when do we grub or

With the very warm dry summer that we

graft over this orchard to Rosy Glow. In my

have experienced this year, the colour devel-

own opinion, we are not far away from when

opment, especially in the later bi-colour ap-

this orchard needs to be grubbed or grafted to

ples has not been great. Cripps Pink colour

Rosy Glow. TopFruit together with the variety

development has been particularly poor this

owners are offering a reduced Royalty per tree

year, with no temperatures of below 10°C be-

incentive to those growers that want to graft

ing experienced to date. With global warm-

Cripps Pink to Rosy Glow, recommend that

ing becoming more and more of a reality and

one contacts Rob Meihuizen at TopFruit: 021

what I do believe the seasons moving later,

874 1033, if one is considering grafting some

I believe getting the desired cold snaps in

of ones Cripps Pink orchards to Rosy Glow.

March and April is becoming less and less of an occurrence. We thus only have one choice left and that is to grow the new Red Sport Selections of

In conclusion, I believe planting a close as possible full red apple is what the market is looking for and it also needs to have a variety that can produce tonnages.

a Cripps Pink bin as a result of much better colour development. In the rest of the world, the conversion from Cripps Pink to the improved colour strain mutation of Cripps Pink has been very rapid. In Australia, there are virtually no more Cripps Pink orchards, they are all Rosy Glow or Ruby Pink orchards. The changeover took less than four years. In New Zealand where they obtain very good colour out of Cripps Pink, they have also converted from Cripps Pink to Lady in Red in record time. In Chile, where Rosy Glow is only just been granted plant breeders rights the conversion from Cripps Pink to Rosy Glow is also taking place at a pace. In South Africa, the latest tree census shows that 50% of the trees in the Ceres area are

Forelle, Fuji, Cripps Pink and I am sure there

ECONOMICS OF ROSY GLOW VS CRIPPS PINK

Rosy Glow trees. In Elgin it is only 25% of the

The following gives the rationale for

We have just finished a 2015 Cripps Pink and

20% of the trees are Rosy Glow trees. The latest

growing the best sport selection of Cripps

Rosy Glow harvest and have seen dramatic dif-

tree sales for 2014 is approximately 80000 Rosy

Pink available at present, namely Rosy Glow

ferences in pack out percentages of Pink Lady

Glow trees that is at 1500 trees per hectare, this

vs standard Cripps Pink.

Standard from Cripps Pink trees as compared

is equal to 53 ha and at present we have just

will be some new Cripps Red Selections coming to the fore in the near future.

BEDRYFSNUUS

trees are Rosy Glow trees and in the Langkloof

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

Left: Cripps pink and below: Rosy Glow.

over 2000 ha of Cripps Pink and Rosy Glow

ers to be able to grub Cripps Pink trees and

is R124 554 per hectare. This figure is for a

trees in the ground so at a 2.5% maximum re-

replace with Rosy Glow or Lady in Red trees

very good price year for example 2013, in a

placement, it will take us another 40 years to

such as maybe lower tree Royalties for the

poor price year this difference would be even

replace the Cripps Pink trees in the ground. By

new grafted variety. (This is now in place –

larger. One can probably add at least another

that time, I forecast that Cripps Pink will no

speak to TopFruit or Stargrow).

R5 000 to R10 000 to the additional income

longer be economically viable, because of the poor colour development and result of poor pack out. I do believe it is going to become increasingly more difficult to sell Cripps Pink of less than 40% colour and the pressure is going to be on us to pack Pink Lady of a higher colour standard than the 40% block colour that we presently need for the Pink Lady standard. Hopefully the Pink Lady colour standard will not change but there is no doubt that our clients will be asking for improved colour in our Pink Lady. The pressure is going to be greater year on year as our competition produces Pink Lady of a higher colour standard. How do we encourage our growers to convert to Rosy Glow or any other improved colour mutation that is accepted by the Pink Lady brand owners namely Apple and Pears Australia Limited (at present the only other Cripps Pink mutation that is accepted for the Pink Lady brand is Lady in Red). • Incentives must be put in place for grow-

• It appears very likely that quotas could be imposed on rate of new plantings and what could be put in place is anything over and above the quoted new plantings would have to be converting Cripps Pink orchards to Pink Lady orchards. • Educate the growers as to why they should convert to Rosy Glow or Lady in Red at this stage, especially as to the economic benefits of making such a change We have seen the past two years how well Rosy Glow has performed in South Africa and the following is an example from Frudata's 2013 Pink Lady Benchmarking Survey as well as information from a Survey in the Ceres area. The income earned off a 6 year old Cripps Pink orchard vs a 6 year old Rosy Glow orchard.

INCOME PER BIN CRIPPS PINK VS ROSY GLOW As can be seen from these figures, the increase in earnings from a Rosy Glow orchard INDUSTRY NEWS

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

earned from a Rosy Glow orchard from savings in harvesting costs as experience has shown that one can pick the entire crop in probably two picks, one can pick quicker because one is picking a much higher percentage fruit with each pick. To me it is a no brainer that one should look at grafting over our Cripps Pink orchards to Rosy Glow or Lady in Red as soon as possible. The rest of the world is doing it, and they have better growing conditions when it comes to colour development than we have. We are lagging behind in our conversion. We have a false security that we are still making very good money out of our Cripps Pink orchards, not sure how long this will remain the case and secondly, when you can earn more by grafting to Rosy Glow then it does not make sense why one doesn't do it. I remember the conversion of ordinary Gala trees to Royal Gala took place very slowly until one realized that one couldn't sell a poor colour strain of Gala and then all of a sudden the ordinary Gala

TABLE 1 AVERAGE PRICE PER BIN 2013; ROSY GLOW VS CRIPPS PINK (*) Frudata 2013 Pink Lady Bench Mark study Variety Bin Percentage Percentage Percentage Price per 12,5 kg Price per 12,5 kg Price per kg Farm Gate Weight 40% 40% Processing Carton net Carton net Processing Income Kg plus Block & less Colour Grade of Packing of Packing Fruit Per Bin (Pink Lady) (Cripps Pink) D.I.P D.I.P Pink Lady (*) Cripps Pink (*) Cripps Pink 375 38% 38% 24% R 127.65 R 68.24 R 1.10 R 2,332.15 Rosy Glow

375

68%

strain trees were grubbed or

14%

18%

R 127.65

R 68.24

R 1.10

R 2,964.92

TABLE 2 AVERAGE INCOME PER HECTARE 2013; ROSY GLOW VS CRIPPS PINK

grafted to the improved Royal

Variety Cripps Pink

Gala mutations. The same will happen with Cripps Pink, do not be caught out and have

Rosy Glow

Cripps Pink production that

DIFFERENCE

all of a sudden you cannot find a market for. Another advan-

TOTAL TONS per hectare

Income Farm Gate Per Bin (**)

Income Farm Gate Per Hectare (**)

R 2,332.15

R 459,060

R 111,532

R 347,528

R 2,964.92

R 583,615

R 111,532

R 472,083

R 124,554

Less Production Net Income Costs per Hectare Per Hectare

(*) Frudata 2013 Pink Lady Bench Mark study S ee Table 1 (**)

tage of grafting over to Rosy Glow is that one can restructure a tree at the

sage is clear, don't be caught out thinking

much longer so the sooner that one converts

same time as grafting a more light friendly,

that Cripps Pink production of poor colour

to the better coloured Cripps Pink strains

producer friendly tree structure. The mes-

is still alright, it won't be like that for very

the better.

PPECB apoints a new Chief Executive Officer

ADVERTORIAL

South Africa's official export certification agency, the Perishable Products Export Control Board (PPECB), has appointed LUCIEN JANSEN as its new CEO.

ansen, who holds a Master’s Degree in Public Administration from the Univer-

sity of Stellenbosch, began his career at the PPECB 10 years ago when he was appointed as Regional Service Manager for the Western Cape. In 2010, he was appointed as Manager to the PPECB’s Project Management office, following which he was appointed as General Manager: Corporate Affairs in 2013. Jansen is highly regarded for his exceptional stakeholder-management, as well as proven track-record of operational management and strategic contribution across all

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Pinki Luwaca, General Manager: Hu-

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man Resources at PPECB, stated that the

level of success. Lucien’s cross-functional ex-

appointment was an immense achievement

perience within the PPECB has equipped him

for the organisation. “This is the first time

with a thorough understanding of the operat-

in the almost 90 year history of the PPECB

ing environment and an extensive stakeholder

that a CEO has been appointed from within

network, both of which will prove instrumen-

the ranks which is testament to the strong

tal in the PPECB’s future growth. I am con-

leadership skills within the organisation. We

fident that Lucien will lead the PPECB team

have always strived to carve a path of succes-

to provide an enhanced service to the industry

sion planning and this appointment serves to

thereby supporting the export competitive-

validate these efforts.”

ness of South African produce.”

BEDRYFSNUUS

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

INDUSTRY NEWS

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

Assessing the Cold Treatment Value Chain Werner van Rooyen Fresh Produce Exporters’ Forum | bernardh@ppecb.com

he need to establish a cold treatment

Relevant information will be collected and

countries, and in due course possibly other

container risk management system has

analysed from the different stages of reefer

container reefer units in the fruit export

been a longstanding issue within industry,

container shipment to markets with com-

value chain. All information provided will

and was raised at both Annual Deciduous-,

pulsory cold treatments. Effective moni-

be treated as highly confidential and with the

and Citrus Coordinating meetings. The out-

toring and control during all phases of the

outmost sensitivity, in the best interest of all

come of discussions, after much delibera-

cold treatment process will take place, from

stakeholders.

tion, was to monitor, evaluate, and manage

allocation and preparation of containers

In order to reap the maximum benefits

the risk posed to industry through failure to

through to packing; and en-route monitor-

from the cold treatment process, industry en-

achieve cold treatment protocol for contain-

ing until arrival at port of discharge, until

courages stakeholders to follow these recom-

ers or cold treatment protocol failure.

the cold treatment is completed. Critical

mendations to eliminate protocol failures:

Maintaining the cold chain is a critical

information of the dual process of failure to

• Optimal packaging and stowage for optimal

part of the export process, even more so when

achieve cold treatment protocol, or container

airflow.

exporting cold treatment containers. The cold

cold treatment protocol failure that occurred

• Ensure adequate pre-cooling of fruit to

treatment process fulfils quarantine require-

should be retrieved as soon as possible. The

pulp temperature.

ments, and importing countries such as Chi-

information provided will be useful in com-

• Void plugs and gensets should be used on

na, Japan, or Korea require it (this is known

piling a database to provide reasons for the

all containers.

colloquially as ‘Steri shipments’). Cold treat-

high amount of unsuccessful containerised

• Containers should be opened shortly prior

ment is conducted by lowering the fruit pulp

in-transit cold treatment failure. Informa-

to stuffing and not left open for a long du-

temperature to a specified level, and maintain-

tion obtained will serve as a starting point

ration of time, prior to stuffing of the con-

ing it for a pre-determined period of time.

to identify trends in unsuccessful cold treat-

tainer.

ment containers.

• A uniform colour should be used for stick-

There is a minimal tolerance allowed for cold treatment containers. If the tolerance level is exceeded, then additional time will be required to bring it back to the required temperature. Should one of the probes (temperature monitoring devices) drift above the tolerance level, the cargo will be rejected.

The initial focus and priority of manag-

ers indicating a cold treatment container

ing the risk will be on containerised in-tran-

(COT sticker) for operations staff at port.

sit cold treatment exports to special markets

• Supply power to containers immediately as

(bilateral agreements between South Africa

delivered in terminal and without long delays

and other countries) followed by permit

in cooling prior to shipping on board. • Constant temperature monitoring at terminals and on board the vessels to secure that probe temperatures will follow the Cold Treatment Protocol. The PPECB, DAFF and industry bodies (Citrus Growers' Association, Citrus Research International, HORTGRO Science, Fresh Produce Exporters’ Forum and SATI) here-

Industry has experienced numerous chal-

with request your assistance to enable us to

lenges during the previous years with the

improve the cold treatment process of con-

shipment of cold treatment containers des-

tainers by providing the requested informa-

tined for various destinations. Feedback

tion: please email: bernardh@ppecb.com

from importing countries of South African

Please inform PPECB of all unsuccessful cold treatment shipments as soon as possible.

cold treatment shipments indicate a definite need to investigate the high prevalence of unsuccessful shipments. BEDRYFSNUUS

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

Making you the preferred choice of international perishable produce

It’s our mission to make you a preferred supplier of perishable products world–wide through innovation and quality control.

45 Silwerboom Ave Plattekloof, Cape Town 7560

Head Office T +27 21 930 1134 F +27 21 939 6868 E ho@ppecb.com

www.ppecb.com INDUSTRY NEWS

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

Netting usage in South African horticulture Louise Brodie

n line with current international trends,

exclude bees in order to prevent cross polli-

Groblersdal the trend is growing. While there

South African fruit growers are increas-

nation of seedless fruit with seeded fruit.

are fewer nets proportionately in the Eastern

ingly covering their orchards and vineyards

Cape citrus regions, CRI Extension officer

with overhead netting with the intention of

Citrus

risk management and optimising crop yields.

CRI Extension officer Dr Hennie le Roux con-

also growing in this region. This is also grow-

While hail nets over grapes and other fruit in

firmed that the covering of high value citrus

ing in Western Cape Production regions and

areas prone to hail have long been in use, re-

orchards such as lemons and late mandarins

in the developing citrus production region

search has led to considerable improvements

with overhead nets is a growing tendency

along the Lower Orange river area growers

in the design and construction of hail nets.

throughout South Africa. He estimated that

are also covering their high value citrus crops

Nets are also being utilised to create a pro-

countrywide there were around 500 hectares

with nets. While netting is usually placed over

tective microclimate under the nets to limit

of citrus orchards under net. In the Lim-

lemons and late mandarins, some growers are

wind, sunburn and frost damage and in the

popo and Mpumalanga citrus production ar-

also using nets over navels.

case of Late Mandarin citrus crops to even

eas of Hoedspruit, Origstad, Burgersfort and

Hannes Bester confirmed that the trend was

“The nets do not increase the yield of the trees but the protection they afford usually assures the growers of a higher “packout volume” which means that they are able to export a larger volume of their harvest yield,” explained Dr Bester. Dome Citrus, a citrus production unit with Late Mandarins and lemons in the Hex River Valley has recently covered 20 ha of Nadorcotts (Afourers) with overhead netting for a more specific purpose. Dome Citrus manager Duppie van Zyl explained that the purpose of the nets is to keep bees out of the area covered by nets. If bees pollinate the Nardorcotts after they have been pollinating other seeded citrus in the vicinity, the Nadorcotts form with seeds which has a consider-

Netting over Late Mandarin orchards at Dome Citrus, Hex River Valley, Western Cape. BEDRYFSNUUS

able effect on expected export returns.

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

Opposite: Flat roof netting construction outside view

Above: Apple orchards under pitched roof netting near Clarens in the Free State.

The rapid expansion in new Late Mandarin

not have been able to produce these fruits at

Most apple orchards and many cherry or-

orchards in South Africa and the estimate

Wolseley without the nets as the area is too

chards in the Free State are covered with

is that productions are expected to increase

windy,” explained Robert Graaff of Graaff

hail nets, constructed with the pitched roof

from the current volumes of around 3 million

Fruit. “In addition to the wind protection the

construction. This allows hail to fall to the

to volumes of up to 15 million. In light of this

nets also provide protection from wind, sun

ground through a “gutter chute” opening

expectation, growers will need to differenti-

and bird damage. It is difficult to measure

positioned between the rows of trees with

ate themselves to gain and maintain access to

scientifically, but I estimate that the nets pro-

no effect on the crop. When it hails the nets

choice markets. In order to do this they will

duce a 10% to 15% increased production and

catch the hail and the heavy hailstones are

need to ensure that the fruit is truly seedless,

a 20% better export “packout volume”. We

guided through these openings, dropping

that the class 1 “packout volume” percentages

also use 15 to 20% less water under the nets

harmlessly to the ground between the trees.

are as high as possible and that sizing spread

and this is quite significant as water becomes

During the flowering period growers are also

is optimal at only 3 to 4 sizes. This has been

increasingly scarce. Although these nets are

able to open sections of the net roof in order

the motivation for Dome Citrus and other

not primarily for hail, two years ago we still

to allow better access to the orchards for bees

Late Mandarin producers to install netting in

had 60% of our harvest on the trees when a

for flower pollination.

order to differentiate themselves by producing

devastating hail hit Wolseley and the nets

guaranteed truly seedless, top quality fruit.

held the hail and saved our crop.”

A number of apple and pear producers in the Witzenberg Valley and in the Koue-

It also follows that this type of construction has no openings large enough to allow access for bees. So in addition to the other benefits mentioned above, this construction also provides the orchards with protection from other insects such as fruit fly and False Codling Moth. The net house will also provide the other expected benefits of protection from wind, hail, frost and sunburn.

Stone Fruit and Top Fruit At Romansrivier near Wolseley in the Western Cape Graaff Fruit has 65ha of peaches and nectarines under net. Here the primary reason for the nets is the wind in the region. For wind the sides of the nets have a 40% to 60% cover and in this case the net sides are 40%. The roof cover is 20%. “We would

Table Grapes under pitched roof netting at Groblersdal, Limpopo Province. INDUSTRY NEWS

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

bokkeveld region near Ceres in the Western Cape are currently erecting nets over their orchards and in this region the main reason for the nets is to protect the orchards from sleet or hail. The area has sustained considerable crop losses due to hail for two seasons in a row and they are now taking precautions to prevent this. Hugh Campbell of Hortgro Science confirmed that there are also currently industry led experiments underway inves-

This picture of hail on top of flat roof netting was taken at Graaff Fruit’s Romansrivier production unit after a severe hailstorm hit the Wolseley area during 2103. One of the disadvantages of some earlier net

cost of crop insurance has also been fur-

coverings was a reduction in sunlight and

ther motivation for growers to cover their

Granny Smith in particular.

the resultant loss in fertility and delayed

vineyards with nets to prevent hail damage.

ripening. Extensive research has led to im-

Hoekstra Farms in Paarl have been mak-

Table Grapes

proved netting technology and construc-

ing use of nets over their vineyards for 12

Table grape production areas prone to hail

tion methods which have largely eliminated

years. Barend Mouton of Hoekstra Farms

have long made use of hail nets, particularly

these problems. Orange River Table Grape

explained that their main motivations for

over sensitive early ripening varieties. Tradi-

Producer Alliance (ORPA) director Alwyn

installing the nets has been to protect the

tional hail net construction is a pitched roof

Dippenaar confirmed that table grape grow-

vineyards from wind, sunburn and birds

design over each row with a slit at the bot-

ers in the Orange River production region

and that the nets had definitely made a con-

tom of the v shape to allow hail to fall to the

were currently making increasing use of flat

siderable improvement in their “packout

ground between the vineyard rows without

roof construction methods which are po-

volumes”. They also have the high, flat roof

harming the crop. These nets are placed less

sitioned 1.2m above the vineyard canopy.

construction and he stressed how important

than a meter above the canopy.

He added that the recent increase in the

it is for the constructions and net joins to be

tigating the effectiveness of the use of overhead netting to combat sunburn on apples,

very strong in order to withstand the strong winds that they experience in the area. The largest South African manufacturer of the netting material is Knittex. Over the past 25 years the company has been intensively involved with Research and Development of the nets in conjunction with the University of the North West which has resulted in considerable improvements in the netting for these applications and the nature of the house constructions. William Roberts of Knittex explained that the Code 20 nets are what are used for these net constructions. “The nets are designed so that when hail falls on the top of these flat roof net constructions, the netting has the ability to stretch to accommodate the weight of the hail,” explained William. “Once the hail melts and

Stone Fruit under flat roof netting, Wolseley, Western Cape. BEDRYFSNUUS

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

CONTINUED ON PAGE 42

INDUSTRY NEWS Multiknit Undercover Ad.indd 1

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015 2015/01/29 1:14 PM

NETS CONTINUED FROM PAGE 40

by sunshine, they shrink and stretch back up

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to their original shape,” he added.

GERBER GOLDSCHMIDT GROUP (SA)

a b li s h e

blue, red and crystal (transparent). The dif-

The nets are available in black, white,

ggg

the nets are warmed

ferent colours are used to vary the amount of shade cover produced, e.g. a code 20

1920

black will produce 20% shade while a Code 20 white net will produce 8% shade. The dif-

Adding Value to Paper

ferent net colours makes it possible to manipulate and alter the quantity, quality and relationship of blue, green, red and far-red wavelength energies absorbed by plants. Thus producers of different types of crops or the same crop in different production regions might make use of the colour or combination of colours of the net as is considered suitable for the region. Blueberries, for instance, are grown under blue, white or crystal nets and often under various combinations of these colours. Knittex is the supplier of the material and the company has accredited construction companies in various parts of South Africa that construct the nett houses in co-operation with them. Milaan Construction is one of these companies. Wynand du Toit, project manager for one of Milan Construction’s citrus net construction teams explained that their company was around 3 and a half years old and has been growing rapidly. Production under netting is standard

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production regions and as with most of these regions, the South African trend towards netting is also largely driven by crop risk management and achieving an improved in Italy growers are restricted to using only certain netting colour in order to minimise the visual impact of the net houses on environmental aesthetics.

BEDRYFSNUUS

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

SIZA appoints full-time Programme Manager Fruit South Africa (FSA) is pleased to announce the appointment of Retha Louw as the new Sustainability Initiative of South Africa (SIZA) Programme Manager.

ruit South Africa (FSA), the umbrella or-

Retha Louw (right) comes with

ble for rolling out this important

ganization of the South African fruit in-

13 years of experience in the

component of SIZA to add value

dustry, was formed in June 2001. For many

fruit industry having worked at

to its members. We wish Retha

years FSA has been relying on the member

HORTGRO on a management

well in taking up this challenging

organisations (Citrus Growersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association,

level since 2002. Her work at

role as a Programme Manager.

SA Table Grape Industry, HORTGRO, Fresh

HORTGRO involved a number

Colleen Chennells, whose

Produce Exporters Forum and Subtropical

of activities, such as program

contract ended on 30th June

Growersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association) to supply resources

management of several corpo-

2015, remains involved in SIZA

to undertake projects identified as common

rate social investment projects,

by allocating some of her time

to all FSA members. One of the common

communication, networking at

projects undertaken by FSA, was the request

all levels, public relations internationally and

effective hand-over. FSA board and manage-

from growers to introduce an ethical trading

locally, as well as training and talent man-

ment are very grateful to Colleen and would

platform for South African fruit production

agement for several industry organisations.

like to thank her for the tremendous work

- this resulted in the birth of SIZA (the Sus-

Retha has also been providing administra-

she has done over the last seven years and

tainability Initiative of South Africa). Under

tion support to SIZA for donor funding

wish her well in her new endeavours.

the wise guidance of Colleen Chennells (an

channeled through HORTGRO. Retha has a

SIZA looks forward to continued support

independent contractor on a consultancy

Human Resources degree with majors in In-

by all stakeholders as it become established

basis) and the support from a wide range of

dustrial psychology and Industrial sociology

as an independent, well capacitated, globally

stakeholders; most importantly the support of

from the University of the Free State. Over

recognised and sustainable platform for the

South African fruit growers, exporters and the

the past few years, she has been exposed to a

ethical production of South African fruit.

trade industry, SIZA has gone from strength

variety of psycho-social situations on differ-

to strength. SIZA has now developed to a stage

ent levels to equip her for the task ahead.

to the programme to ensure an

Queries or questions can be directed to: Dr Konanani Liphadzi: Tel: 012 433 6422 or Cell: 079 932 5066 | E-mail: ceo@fruitsa.co.za

where permanent capacity is required to en-

As a member of the team overseeing the

sure that it is bedded down and delivers on all

development and implementation of the new

Retha Louw: Cell: 082 302 7507 | E-mail:

fronts.

SIZA data platform, Retha will be responsi-

retha@siza.co.za

SASEV bursary holders obtain MscAgric in Viticulture

n April 2015 two students that held bursa-

less and Regal Seedless (De Wiit Kamfer); and

ries from SASEV obtained their MscAgric

Development and Change that Occurs in Ta-

qualifications in Viticulture. The students - De Wiit Kamfer and Nastassja Sonnekus were funded by the income

ble Grape Berry Composition During Berry Growth (Nastassja Sonnekus). Pieter Raath was their study leader.

generated from the SASEV Table Grape

Pieter Raath and Nastassja Sonnekus.

Fund, and focussed on topics related to the Table Grape Industry. The respective titles of their MscAgric theses were: The effect of Maturity and Crop Load on Browning and

2015 SAWWV CONFERENCE August - 18th Groblersdal, 20th Kakamas and 25th Goudini - for a programme and registration form contact sasev@sasev.org or 021 889 6311/2

Phenol concentration of both Thompson SeedINDUSTRY NEWS

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

ADVERTORIAL

Meet the tough, reliable and affordable 4x4 Meerkat

ince Wuhlf Equipment started in 2005

Some of the stars on the Wuhlf list include the

lift with its lifting capacity of 2 tonnes, can

as QualiProd, the company has been

front end loader range that starts at the small

be used anywhere – from the orchard right

known as a premium importer and supplier

and manoeuvrable half cubic metre Bosvark

to the storage facilities on the farm. There are

of reliable, affordable heavy duty equipment.

up to the three cubic metre Olifant. A year

various attachments that enhance the ver-

This includes self propelled front end load-

ago we introduced our locally designed, all

satility of the Meerkat even further. Wuhlf

ers, forklifts and related accessory compo-

terrain forklift – the Meerkat ATF20.

manufactures and supplies options like the

nents and spares.

The reason for the 4x4 Meerkat’s success is

bucket attachment so that you could use your

that Wuhlf developed this product specifically

forklift as a front end loader, bale fork to load

household name amongst the local farmers.

for the South African market. It has a basic,

and offload hay bales, front or side tipper and

• Our products have unrivalled value - excel-

strong design and set of controls that delivers

a platform for harvesting and pruning fruit

lent quality at an affordable price.

an affordable and durable product that is easy

trees.

• Quality is king: Products are manufactured

to operate, even on rough

for Wuhlf, to our specifications and stand-

terrain. Wuhlf has service

ards, by approved manufacturers.

agents across South Africa

Wuhlf equipment has quickly become a

The wide range of equipment gives farm-

to ensure our customers

ers the option to choose a from a versatile set

that they have the backup

of products that suit their operational needs

and after sales support they

as well as their pocket.

deserve. The Meerkat fork-

4x4 Forklift R 235 000

The full range from Wuhlf: Meerkat ATF20 4x4 forklift Bosvark ZLY08F front end loader Vlakvark ZLY10F front end loader Buffel ZLY20F front end loader Renoster CL935 front end loader Olifant CL995 front end loader

Vlakvark R 199 000

customers in the agricultural industry include leading names like Ambrosia Citrus, Unifrutti Blyderiver

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AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

ADVERTORIAL

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

ADVERTORIAL

Gehalte diens en naverkopebystand aan kliënte onderskei Farm Costing Solutions van hul mededingers

o sê Lourens van der Merwe, tegniese bestuurder van die diens- en onder-

steuningsafdeling van Farm Costing Solutions (FCS) ‘n Suid-Afrikaans-gebaseerde onderneming wat ‘n eenstop-oplossing bied om elektronies alle koste op ‘n plaas vas te lê en te bestuur. Een van FCS se leierprodukte is Time Management Solutions (TMS) wat gebruik kan word om ‘n verskeidenheid van arbeidsverwante koste te versamel. Dit sluit in: tyd en

bywoning,

stukwerk/produktiwiteit,

taak-kosteberekening

“Ons neem gereeld na-ure selfoonoproepe van ons kliënte wat hulp benodig.” diens en ondersteuning, word FCS gebruik deur van Suid-Afrika se mees bekende landbouondernemings, byvoorbeeld Dutoit, Fruitways, Univeg, De Keur Landgoed, Môrester Boerdery en Boschkrans Boerdery. Adrian Walton, eienaar van Lupus Den sitrusboerdery in die Oos-Kaap, was baie

onproduktiewe

beïndruk met die opleiding wat TMS verskaf het, asook met hul volgehoue ondersteuning. “Die aanvanklike diens, asook naverkope diens was fantasties. Ek is ‘n boer en nie ‘n tegnologiese persoon nie. Hulle was baie geduldig om die produk aan my te verduidelk. Verlede nag het ek een van FCS se bystandspersoneel om 8 nm geskakel en hy was heeltemal gewillig om my te help.”

Pasmaak-oplossings Elke boerdery is uniek. Om hierdie rede pas FCS sy produkte aan om in elke boer se be-

tyd. Al hierdie inligting is geredelik beskik-

hoeftes te voorsien, nie andersom nie.

baar. TMS het ‘n koppelvlak (interface) met

“Ons vra vir die boer, ‘hoe werk jou be-

verskeie loonstelsels, bv. VIP, Donkerhoek

sigheid?’ en pas dan die programmatuur

Data, asook FCS se eie loonstelselproduk. Dit

aan.” Vir Venter Boerdery (Oos Kaap), het

is in die mark bewys dat die stelsel homself

FCS ‘n reeks programmatuur-oplossings ge-

binne die eerste twee seisoene wat dit gebruik

pasmaak om die unieke wyse waarop hy sy

word, afbetaal.

besigheid bedryf te akkommodeer. As FCS ‘n

“Ons mededingingsvoorsprong in die

stelsel geïmplementeer het, bied hulle deur-

mark is ons hoë gehalte diens en bystand. Dit

lopende ondersteuning. “Ons verkoop nie

is belangrik dat ons diens altyd van gehalte

net ‘n stelsel en hardloop dan weg nie. Ons

is en dat ons navrae vinnig hanteer,” sê Lou-

maak seker dat die boer die stelsel bemeester

rens.

het, en voorsien deurlopende

Alhoewel al FCS se produkte gebrui-

ondersteuning. Ons bou

kersvriendelik is, het kliënte tog van tyd tot

‘n verhouding op met

tyd hulp nodig, veral tydens die aanvanklike

ons kliënte,”

implementering van die stelsel.

sê Lourens.

Met hierdie sterk fokus op

Vanuit sy hoofkantoor in Kaapstad, bedien Farm Costing Solutions boere dwarsoor Suid-Afrika. Vir meer besonderhede kontak: Landlyn: +27 (0)21 556 2561 | Fritz Wesson: +27 (0)72 372 6894 of fritz@tms.za.net | Val Harker: +27 (0)82 518 2300 of val@tms.za.net

info@tms.za.net | www.timemanagementsolutions.co.za

PROMOSIE

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

HOE OM DIE VERHOGING IN MINIMUM LOON TE BESTUUR Baie koöperatiewe plase gebruik die TMS-stelsel om hul arbeidsmag te bestuur • Inklok van werkers in die boord • Bespaar op reistyd • Geen handinvoer van data • Werkafwesigheid en laatheid word behoorlik bestuur • Vermeerder produktiwiteit met stukwerk • Vervang handinvoer van data in die boord • Akkurate intydse-inligting op ‘n daaglikse basis • Data word outomaties met elektroniese lesers afgelaai en verwerk • Data word akkuraat na betaalstate oorgedra • Bestuursinligting vir arbeidskoste per plaas, vrugtesoort, boord, blok, kultivar, variëteit en aktiwiteit • Stelsel betaal vir homself binne een seisoen

ADVERTORIAL

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

ADVERTORIAL

LOAD SHEDDING: farmers urged to take extra precautions As the reality of load shedding hits South Africa, farmers are bracing themselves for the impact this could have on their production schedules and revenue.

“A

gricultural producers are urged to take

gross profits, gross revenue and the addition-

• Make sure your generator is professionally installed by a registered service provider;

extra precautions in the months ahead

al increase in the cost of working. In recent

to manage their risk and protect against

years, this type of cover has specifically been

losses resulting from load shedding,” says

extended to include loss or damage as a result

Gerhard Diedericks, head of Santam Agri-

of power surges. Premiums depend on the

culture. “Load shedding is already having a

level of dependency the farming operation

serious impact on farming operations that

has on power.” Power surges occur when the

rely on continuous or even periodical elec-

electricity returns after an extended outage,

tricity production, but sometimes, even short

sending an increased flow of current to a wall

disruptions to electricity supply can cause

socket or an electrical box. This has the po-

problems,” he says.

tential to damage any equipment relying on

properly wired and earthed and sealed;

electricity.

- it is a mechanical device which has

The agricultural sectors most affected include: • Dairy farms – these are in the main highly mechanised, with electricity required for most of the production process, including milking machines and milk cooling. Milking is usually scheduled for early morning and late afternoon, times which coincide with load shedding periods. • Fruit and vegetable farms – these often rely on temperature regulated cold stores, especially when produce is destined for export markets. • Crop farms – farms that rely on irriga-

• Ensure the installation and use of your generator complies with relevant regulations, for the following reasons: - it exhausts carbon monoxide which, if not properly ventilated, could be very dangerous; - it generates electricity which has to be

moving parts and can become hot;

“Santam has also since March 2013 extended its cover in terms of the ‘fire and buildings combined’ section to include R50 000 power surge cover, provided that surge arrestors are installed. Additional cover is available for amounts over R50 000,” he says.

Insurance cover for back-up generators Diedericks says since South Africa was last

• Never store more than 20 litres of fuel within the building, and ensure proper ventilation; • House external generators in an expanded mesh cage with a solid roof; • Remember to have a fire extinguisher of at least 4.5 kg on site.

hit by load shedding in 2008, many farmers have had back-up generators installed professionally. Solar panels are being used

tion are severely impacted by load shedding.

for items such as submersible pumps and

Again, irrigation is usually scheduled for the

household lighting. Many farmers are also

cooler times of the day to lessen the chances

using gas as an alternative where possible, for

of evaporation, which also tend to be peak

example for brooders on poultry farms. “In

electricity usage times.

terms of insuring generators, Santam consid-

• Poultry farms – with winter around the

ers fixed generators as part of the structure of

corner, ‘brooding’ or heating of especially

your buildings – they are therefore covered

young chicks in broiler houses at certain

under the buildings section. A portable gen-

parts of the day needs to be finely balanced.

erator will be covered as part of the contents section of your policy. Cover is also available

Cover for business interruption Diedericks says most recent insurance claims lodged by farmers for losses resulting directly from load shedding have been for business interruption following power surges. “Business interruption cover entails insurance for

for the breakdown of your generator.”

How to use a generator safely Diedericks offers the following tips for using a fixed generator as a power back-up: PROMOSIE

AUGUSTUS | SEPTEMBER 2015

“Load shedding is here to stay for the foreseeable future. Farmers are urged to make the necessary plans to prevent potential loss, revisit their insurance cover, and obtain advice from their brokers to take into account risk situations which may arise as a result of power cuts,” Diedericks concludes.

RESEARCH &

technology

ADVERTORIAL

AUGUST | SEPTEMBER 2015

Break new ground in pest control

Photo by Dr Jeanne De Waal

Photo by E-Nema

other weevil species, codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and sciarid flies (Lycoriella sp. and Bradysia sp.). The nematodes will reproduce inside the larvae and eventually exit the cadaver and spread throughout the soil for further infestation of insects. Cryptonem can be applied through irrigation systems or with conventional spraying equipment.

Cryptonem is a powdered, biological pest control agent that contains entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. These EPNs are naturally occurring, lethal pathogens of insects, actively hunting for insect larvae and pupae in the soil and killing them within 2-3 days. Target pests include, false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta), banded fruit weevil (Phlyctinus callosus) and