DESIGN THESIS
WATER URBANISM
RIVER & ROAD AS WARP & WOOF CHOREOGRAPHING RURALITY INTO A NEW CENTRALITY In search of supplementary systems in a growing city: a study on Banjarmasin 2015 K.U.Leuven, Master of Human Settlements, Master of Urbanism and Strategic Planning
Spring Studio 2015, Banjarmasin, Indonesia Saima Musharrat and Guido Geenen (promoter)
WATER URBANISM STUDIO 2015 DESIGN THESIS Saima Musharrat STUDIO TEAM Guido Geenen, prof ir-arch KULeuven Tom Van Mieghem, arch Stefanie Dens, ir-arch SUPPORTING STUDIO TEAM Bruno De Meulder, prof dr ir-arch KULeuven, program director MaHS/MaUSP Cynthia Susilo, phd KULeuven IN COOPERATION WITH UN-Habitat, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific The City of Banjarmasin, Indonesia YKKS/P5 UNDIP, Indonesia Arcadis MORE INFO ? MAHS / MAUSP / EMU Master Programs Department ASRO, K.U.Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium Tel: + 32(0)16 321 391 Email: paulien.martens@kuleuven.be
© Copyright by K.U.Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to K.U.Leuven, Faculty of Engineering – Kasteelpark Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee (België). Telefoon +32-16-32 13 50 & Fax. +32-16-32 19 88. A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. All images in this booklet are, unless credits are given, made or drawn by the authors (Water Urbanism Studio Banjarmasin, 2015).
The thesis is submitted to partial completion of the degree Master of Human Settlements Faculty of Engineering, Department of Archietcture
CONTENT P5
FOREWARD
P7 ABSTRACT P9 PROLOGUE
A SITUATING BANJARMASIN
B FRAMEWORK, OBJECTIVE & RESEARCH QUESTION
C METHODOLOGY & STRUCTURE
P13 COLORING THE POLARIZED CITY P14 VISION: FROM CONCENTRIC TO POLYCENTRIC GROWTH
CHALLENGE 1/ SETTING PRECONDITIONS FOR THE POLYCENTER
CHALLENGE 2/ CREATING AN IDENTITY FOR EACH POLYCENTER
CHALLENGE 3/ SEQUENCING URBANITY
P19 GUIDING THE RURALITY INTO A NEW CENTRALITY
STRATEGY 1/ RIVER AS A GUIDING SYSTEM
STRATEGY 2/ CLEANING, HARVESTING AND LINKING THE WATER
STRATEGY 3/ INTENSIFYING THE PRODUCTION AND TRADE
STRATEGY 4/ WATER AS A MODE OF TRANSPORT
STRATEGY 5/ PROVIDING PLATFORMS OF INTERACTION
P27
CONCLUSION
P28
REFERENCES
FOREWORD The thesis is illustrated focusing on the city of Banjarmasin in the South Kalimantan region of Indonesia as the reference. Confronted with the challenge of rapid urbanization and shift from water-based to landoriented infrastructure, Banjarmasin is currently undergoing a drastic transformation. Being a part of the pilot project ‘City Development Strategies’ in Indonesia, the city of Banjarmasin sought collaboration with UN-Habitat and students of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven to respond to these encounters. In February 2015, an intensive one-week fieldwork took place in Banjarmasin and its surrounding city Banjarbaru and Banjarbakula region, followed by a workshop in Semarang. In mixed groups of 8-10 students and local participants the main issues were divided in four themes: water, infrastructure, tissue and production. The main idea was to explore the city in person and identify the foremost question from each theme through fieldwork, discussion and analysis. These works were presented in a seminar in Semarang, later processed in a booklet. Afterwards, from March to May, the students were reshuffled in five groups each focusing to develop design strategies on the water management, infrastructure and landscape in regional scale and the two cities of Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru. Having worked in the group of Urban Tissue and later Banjarmasin, I had the chance to investigate the growth, direction to future and possible design strategies for the city of Banjarmasin in a consistent way. With the help of research, drawing and writing, this thesis displays how Banjarmasin can adapt to a polycentric growth instead of its traditional concentric expansion. By revealing the current deficiencies the city is experiencing, the strategies emphasize on reinforcing new centralities as well as reactivating its strengths. As a city greatly dependent on its productive landscape and small trades, the semi-rural areas hold the most potential to receive the new and appropriate type of development. Strategies that can define this new centrality will be explored as well.
ABSTRACT In the pursuit of responding to the shrinking inner city and dispersed localities, cities continue to seek alternative identities. In the dynamic context of rapidly expanding urban regions, solution to this largely lies in the polycentric growth of the typical concentricallygrown cities. While it is apparent that cities in Southeast Asia have been expanding their boundaries without precedent, the spatial characteristics of these new urbanities are rarely explored ahead of time. Particularly the existing productive landscape areas pose specific challenges while confronted with the coming wave of urbanization. Situated in the urban periphery, these ruralities are the most potential sites to receive the transformation as a starting point of their advancement. At the same time, the articulation of the pastoral landscape which is usually interwoven with its surrounding nature and relaxed lifestyle altered into a new urbanity is not an easy task to carry out. This paper investigates in general the concept of polycentrality and staging its phases in the setting of Banjarmasin in Indonesia. Introducing novelty being the first challenge, the intermediate scale is naturally a part of this transformation as well as reactivating the traditional. The focus is further magnified in the peri-urban areas and the possible processes of formation in the urban fabric of them. Shaped by multitude of factors such as pre-existing agricultural patterns, natural waterways, local development and building practices, social and cultural values etc., the aim is to ensure a unique mixture of programs aided by revealing the underlying principles. Taking Martapura Lama Road in Banjarmasin as the case study, the paper thus illustrates the possible strategies taken to steer this development in a desired way.
7
8
1
PROLOGUE
A Situating Banjarmasin: A city in transition from water to road
B
With a population of 62 5000 in 2010, Banjarmasin is heading almost without a definite direction towards housing one million habitants. Crisscrossed by flood prone waterways, the city and its inhabitants have a unique history of coexisting with each other, influenced by the ebb and tide of the Java Sea. The urban tissue of Banjarmasin started growing at first along the riverfronts, from the initial core along Kuin River. Two urban tentacles of Banjarmasin currently reach out in two directions, an older and a newer extension. The linear settlements along Martapura River witness the oldest history until Martapura City to north, coexisting with the newest development scattered in the south, along Ahmad Yani road until the recently built area of Banjarbaru. Delayering the historical episodes taken place in the city speaks about its underlying structure. At first sight, Banjarmasin is rather a homogenous city but taking a deeper look reveals the combination of multifaceted patterns creating a patchwork of urban and rural elements, resulting into a traditional desakota (1) figure. The urban tissue is greatly entangled between water and landscape, but the water growing losing its quality and being considered as a nuisance. With the inner city having kampung (2) lifestyle, the expanding outer city is changing the dynamics along the agricultural land.
A series of questions has been asked during the fieldwork and analysis in order to have a better grip on the future of the city. ‘Towards the vision of a sustainable metropolis, what is the spatial expression of the existing transforming dualities in a new equilibrium between local and global components? Under the hypothesis of a decentralization process along with a shrinking inner city, which are the possibilities to reactivate the kampung system in order to both improve the living conditions as well as to facilitate the new city in a balanced dipolar conurbation? Considering the wider area as a single urban agglomeration and monitoring at the same time the tendencies of the ongoing urban development, which are the new centralities that emerge in the area, and how are the boundaries of the urbanized part being transformed or scattered? How is the changing relation to the water affecting the way that the city is being developed?’
Overlaid with a new scale of urbanity and infrastructure, Banjarmasin is struggling to find a new identity while keeping its traditional way of living with water. Trying to steer this growth in a structured and qualitative way, the developments have to comply with the spatial development that considers the socioeconomic and cultural factors, all in the framework of ecological balance. Thus the paper starts from ‘the assumption that even growth of the Asian kind can be canalized in sync with natural processes of the dynamic landscape and in relation to the legacy of the city/ region. (…) A productive interplay between water structures and urban structures can once again become a fundamental identity for the city and its environs.’
(1) desakota is a term used in urban geography used to describe areas in the extended surroundings of large cities, in which urban and agricultural forms of land use and settlement coexist and are intensively intermingled. (2) kampung: Indonesian village or community 9
Framework, objective and research question
To tackle these aforementioned conflicts, it is assumed that the concept of polycentric growth can critically respond to them. Taking the policentricity as the starting point, the paper formulates its own research questions: how can the new improve the old in trying to steer the future growth in the new centralities in Banjarmasin? Being an inseparable part of the city’s identity, how can the rurality be transformed without losing its qualities? C
Methodology and structure
The studio thesis is an outcome of two stages of research and design. At first stage, by understanding the urban tissue of Banjarmasin through site visit, contextual interviews with local communities and professionals along with literature review about the city, interpretative layers have been added to reveal the unseen problems and opportunities. Later through the course of developing strategies and conceptual design, the challenges have been addressed. Keeping polycentricity in mind, this paper deals with the possible strategies to sequence the growth in Banjarmasin in the first section. Taking Martapura Lama Road as the case study, detailed design strategies trying to cope with major refiguring the productive landscapes and lives of the people there have been illustrated in the next section.
This synthesis map shows the shrinking and dispersion of the inner city of Banjarmasin along with Banjarbaru. 10
1 5km 11
1 5km 12
The analysis map of Banjarmasin showing the patches of density in the city
2
COLORING THE POLARIZED CITY
Massive housing in the north
Oldest settlements along Martapura river
Oldest settlements along Martapura river
Commerce along A. Yani road
City center 13
Urban sprawl is often labelled as a pejorative term in the planning literature, being ‘the metaphor of choice for the shortcomings of the suburbs and the frustrations of central cities’ (Galster et al., 2001: 681). Meanwhile the higher densities in the inner city are a frequent choice to answer the predicted doubling of population to take place. In the case of Banjarmasin, the current trend exposes the edge of the city as the first layer of possible urbanization. Having the potential threat on to the existing water-based landscape, the question arises how this growth can take place in a different way. In addition to that, the prospect to reorganize the programs of the city in a complementary way is another challenge to undertake. Shifting from a concentric model towards a polycentric constellation, the city is in need of additional ingredients to safeguard the existing as well as charge the periphery with novelty. This transformation can take place by shaping a clear urban figure with definitive boundary and offer a toolbox of actions set as preconditions. Thinking from a regional point of view, the in-between space of Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru has the capacity to clearly divide the two cities with a watershed channeled towards the sea. In order to be more explicitly framed, the multiple centers around Banjarmasin can be imagined. By directing the growth of the city towards these nodes, it allows the city to preserve its productive and water-regulating landscape while containing the infectious growth of urban sprawl along the main roads. Each node can be defined according its specific qualities, both existing and possible in future. Through different strategies, each searches for connections within the spatial as well as the programmatic and social relations to become the arrival centers of new waves of urbanization. The aim of directing the growth towards different nodes is to achieve ‘The coexistence and eventually dialogue between these previous and contemporary, contradictory orders, between the decelerated and progressive, the nonconformist and accommodator, the deviation and the rule, is indeed what elevates urban fabrics beyond banality and stereotype.’ (Meulder, B., Shannon, K., 2014).
VISION: From concentric to polycentric growth Presuming the edge of the city as an area of tension and first layer to be urbanised, the polycentres are chosen on the basis of multiple potentials and lingering identities at hand. The first question comes, what is a polycenter and how can we define it? Looking at the tissue in and around the city, several points of potentialities become obvious, mostly having a concentration of functions and a complexity of various patterns. Reinforcing these qualities results into a shift from a concentric growth model towards a polycentric city. Altogether, it will deepen the complexity of the urban on different scales, guided by on one hand a more general strategy for the city and strategies for each node based on their specificity. As stated by Loibl, W. et al. in 2007 in the article ‘Simulation of polycentric urban growth dynamics through agents’, the local attractiveness criteria of these polycenters can be calculated by taking into account of several factors, such as land-use layers with 10 use classes: - three urban fabric classes: housing, mixed, industrial/ commercial; - two semi-urban fabric classes: traffic facilities, urban green; - five open space classes: water-bodies, grassland, arable land, forest and natural land cover (wetland, pasture, rock, glacier); distance to closest residential area, to closest industrial area; distance to closest major road/motorway, to closest motorway exit; household density and population density per residential area cell; workplace density per settlement area cell; zoning regulations: residential-mixed built-up-industrial area; and nature conservation: central valley green space protection area. Challenge 1/ Setting preconditions for the polycenter The objective of each polycenter is to create a higher quality of urbanity. First of all, it consists of one or two cores within a certain district or influential zone identified as possible polycenter. It asks several questions at first. How far is it from the city to be still considered as a part of the city? Twenty minutes by public transport, or even less? How can it become a polycenter without overshadowing the city center? Thus the intermediate scale between the city center and the polycenter plays out an important role. For example, it will provide urban functions, a good connection with its surrounding node(s), a higher density and new typologies, public space, and the possibility of adaptability and future growth. As for the collaboration of the stakeholders, the developers have to create opportunities for (future) inhabitants. In order to be able to invest in the polycenter, the developers will have to place themselves within the proposed interventions set by the cal government. Breaking away from homogeneity, diverse urban 14
functions need to be gathered both from regional and local scale. The community-scale functions like mosques, schools and health care centres, which are the usually the progenitors and identifiers of a locality in Banjarmasin can be the basic elements in each community. Simultaneously, it will have to integrate the infrastructure of the polycenter in terms of energy, water, waste and flows of people and goods. All these requirements can be assimilated into a toolbox of actions that ensures the quality every polycenter is seeking for. Challenge 2/ Creating an identity for each polycenter Zooming in, the specificity of each district will have to fit in the big set of puzzles. Various spatial conditions are usually present in each polycenter and have the possibility to be reinforced. The dominant elements in each polycenter have to be more pronounced while reassuring the elements of the design toolbox. In the case of Banjarmasin, five spots can be identified as potential nodes. Firstly, in the north the Trans-Kalimantan road being the catalyst, it holds the potential for having new typologies and being charged with urban elements of functions. Bordered by the orchard system, the starting point is of course the green. Therefore, the design strategy is to bring balance between the upcoming settlements and existing green areas. By connecting the voids and transforming them into platforms for large-scale functions, i.e. research centre, university, commerce, park etc.; the strategy tries to break the current monofunctionality of the area and giving it an identity, which is more than only living. Secondly, going to the north-east, the Martapura Lama Road, being the oldest road since the foundation of Banjarmasin holds great historical significance, including its commercial character. The challenge is thus to create conditions that would strengthen the traditional attributes of river settlements as well as creating new points of opportunities. Thirdly, as one of the main links between Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru, A.Yani road has gone through great transformation in recent years, which is mostly turning the buildings’ front facade towards the road into linear and dense commercial corridor. This has often been done by razing the first layers of dwelling and blocking the water. As a challenge, this road asks for creating beneficial choices for living and working by taking advantage of the existing landfill and references from landscape. Fourthly, the port in the south as a generator of new economy, an entrance to the city, possible spot for recycling waste and housing the workers of the port. Lying in the maze of tropical mangroves, the port has to be designed in a way that ensures the coexistence of economic development and natural elements side by side. Fifthly and most importantly, the existing city center that is in need of a remodelling setting priority to its touristic and recreational qualities by clearing up the center for breathing well.
Current functions spread in the city
Possible redirection of the functions towards the polycenters ECOLOGY
CONNECTIVITY
PROGRAM
ENERGY
TISSUE
i
CITY
FOR
connect missing water links make room for water
public transport
urban connectors
raise the ground level
waste cycle
let the water flow
secondary network
public facilities
link with nature and public platforms
wetland system as meeting point
SALE
DEVELOPERS
?
1 2 3 .....
Toolbox of design and actions 15
INHABITANTS take care of water around
titian (decks)
community facilities
more living options
produce biogas
Challenge 3/ Sequencing urbanity commercial market education health offices public services industry terminal
Setting the right stage and orchestrating the projected development in the anticipated way is just important as articulating the RIVERFRONTByKAMPUNG SOLID URBAN NEWof strategies CENTRAL for a polycenter. addressing the place’s qualities MOSQUE OBJECTS TISSUE DEVELOPMENT life and weaving different dimensions together, a shift in design and planning can be carried out.EXISTING To sequence the urban growth in CONDITIONS LOOKING TOWARDS THE EDGE FROM CONCENTRIC TO several episodes, the foremost conditions must take place at first. POLYCENTRIC GROWTH tissue a key is cityininneed the If theBanjarmasin specificisarea of remediation from any industrial and edge of 5m topogrphy line Banjarbakula region, framed all proposed ring roads natural disaster, they should be taken care of first. By constructing around by water. It is founded focus zones CDS profile the on landscape the highest and spot setting in which the right kind of infrastructure can be multiple in rivers collide, resultingmanner. The points of attraction in stradesigned a concurrent in a traditionally highly-water tegicbased locations thus be growth. can Nowadays, the set as the generators of action, followed city expanded between the rivers by next phases. These generators will set the wheel of a series of and is moving more and more actions a creation of multi-layered societal structure. withinresulting its edge. into De-attached new developments and generic not as a line but as a web, it can propel Combining the functions implementations as ring roads, migration of functions and a healthy urban mix in certain places. reinforce this landscape-ignoring evolution. At first glance, the edge of the city forms an important area of tension as it will be the first new layer to be urbanised
REINFORCING INTERMEDIATE SCALE -
Each district will base itself its specificity in order to ind change, created by a str urban figure that symbo the system of transformat On the highest scale, it start question the collaboration of the developers and the (futu inhabitants. In order to inves the poly centre, all of them have to place themselves in a of rules.
COLOURS OF IDENTITY
HOW THE NEW CAN IMPROVE THE OLD
2 pending questions arise: How will the city grow further? How can the new improve the old?
region
region
region
region
We distinguish multiple potentials and lingering identities at hand. Reinforcing this results in a shift from a concentric growth model towards a polycentric city.
city
city city
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city
Zooming in, the specificity each district, will come into pl Today, various spatial condit are present and have the possib to recalibrate the new ur system resulting in a new sp figure with more pronoun hierarchy of these conditions together, this results in var spatial scenario’s on site, w also include the social dimen of each poly centre.
Exploring the existing qualities and potentials of each polycenter
REINFORCING THE TRADITIONAL water-based public transport recreational functions
$
$ markets municipality
forest
potential growth
150 000 p.
connectivity
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urban platforms
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productive landscape
orchards
upgrated growth
markets
research centre
$
CONNECT
riverfrond
green corridor
small scale industry
public transport
shops along road water-based
LIVING WITHIN THE GREEN
25 000 p.
16
Banjarmasin is a key city that will grow rapidly. In order for the predicted doubling of population to take place, the g
their own implementation.
city
commercial market education health offices public servic industry terminal
developer
inhabitants GAME RULES general
TOOLBOX OF ACTIONS - Depending on the scale and its corresponding actor, a toolbox actions guides the new development. According to different categories, multiple strategies are state
CITY new typology
urban functions
potential growth
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ECOLOGY
f on duce rong olises tion. ts to city, ure) st in will a set
public space
PROGRAM
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ENERGY
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present spatial conditions
DISTRICT
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connect missing water links make room for water
public transport
urban connectors
raise the ground level
waste cycle
let the water flow
secondary network
public facilities
link with nature and public platforms
wetland system as meeting point
SALE
DEVELOPERS
?
new spatial figure
1 2 3 .....
INHABITANTS take care of water around
SITES
spatial scenario
social
Vision of living in the green in the north
community facilities
titian (decks)
tissue
Vision of living in a secondary system alongforest / orchards rice fields A.Yani road urban functions public space infrastructure
SEQUENCING URBANITY
GREENED INDUSTRY
large scale industries
public transport
mangroves
$ $
CBD offices
big shops along road
A SYSTEM OF URBAN FIGURES - Each polycentre has a clear hierarchy of lines that create a new frame for each district. To enhance the identity, various spatial elements or programs are implemented.
wetland systyem new development
productive landscape
produce biogas
water-based
TING CENTRE
more living options
terminal
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CONNECTIVITY
250 000 p.
25 000 p.
17
growth model of the city needs to be closer looked at. Following the current trend, the edge of the city forms the first layer of
18
Strategy map showing the proposed polycenters and the urban platforms
urban platforms tissue in between developments industry green structure forest structure wetland points of potential public transport stops rice mills regional road
1 5km 19
3
GUIDING RURALITY INTO A NEW CENTRALITY
20
Case study: Martapura Lama With the vision of serving the city as well as serving the traditional way of living, Martapura Lama Road and its intermediate space starting from the Martapura river has the capacity of being transformed into a new centrality. As stated before, being the oldest settlement along the river and having the lackadaisical lifestyle adapted with the ebb and tide of the river, most of the people depend on its surrounding productive landscape for their livelihood. The Martapura Lama road cutting straight through the landscape as a connector of two nodes, one in the city and another along the irrigation channels houses small-scale business like brick industries, food shops, chicken farms and other commercial activities. However, big patches of landfill have started to appear along the road as an indicator of urban sprawl. This puts the intermediate productive landscape in the risk of being consumed by the housing, just as many other spots have been in other parts of the city. Under these circumstances, to turn this place into a valuable asset the vision must seek to create a framework that reinstates the traditionalism along with creating new spatial qualities and opportunities of employment, introducing water-based recreational activities. All these steps can therefore breed diversity without destroying the innate merits of this area. Based on the notion of water urbanism, the aim of the design exercise is to examine how the micro-stories can be changed in a sequential way by taking up relevant design strategies. In order to do that, a water-based approach of development has been considered to advocate a resilient system to work with the nature and the economy. By sharing common platforms of facilities, the new can meet the old while building an image of traditional, cultural and artisanal identity. Strategy 1/ River as the guiding system The Martapura river has always been the guiding line along which the settlements have gathered themselves. People residing in these settlements hardly bother if the water level of the river rises with the rain or tide. Accepting it as a part of the natural lifestyle, the inhabitants have adapted themselves according to the harmony of water. Profiting from the flow of water, the households orient themselves in a linear way facing towards the river. This typology is an important aspect to underline along with making them more resilient against the growing tide by increasing the height of the stilts. The mosques being placed as dots along the river, the linearity of the system becomes more obvious, which is one of the strengths of this system. As the investigation of urban tissue has suggested before, these households often appeared following 21
a clan system where the families of a main house came into place one by one. By keeping the villages in their forms and upgrading them, a generic development along the riverside can be resisted. Thus protecting the river as the main source of desakota life and meeting point of communities is a vital strategy to keep in mind. Strategy 2/ Cleaning, harvesting and linking the water Being the most important element in this system, water has manifold dimensions in this area. In regional scale, this area lies in an important crossroad that can purify and retain the upstream water in a natural way before entering the city. By cultivating a forest that cleans water also engenders a micro-climate which is suitable to protect the ecological balance in the area. The area also offers a strategic location to retain and reserve water for the summer which is usually ‘too much’ during the monsoon. These water reservoirs can be of different scales to feed the agriculture, the city and the communities. Several missing links among the waterways can be connected to assist the capillary web-like spreading of water in the area. The traditional agronomy converts into more effective landscape while water systems turn into filtration machines. Strategy 3/ Intensifying the production and trade Having the aim to balance the consumptive and productive landscape, this area can be the ground to boost up the production as well as reemphasize the small trades and artisanal qualities it possesses. An additional layer of eco-tourism can be introduced by locating the trades in clustered villages where the manufacturers can not only fabricate their products but also have the chance to showcase and sell them to the visiting tourists. By hosting an environment that fosters living and working condition, the ecological footprint of every inhabitant is also decreased this way, which is a prerequisite of sustainable living. Along with the existing brick industries, fruit plantation and paddy fields, the sasirangan production, sago rumba, ketupat making, sagunwood and other start-up businesses in local scale can be housed along the Martapura Lama road. Additionally, intensifying the production in the existing agrolands that makes use of multifunctional production in one land and take advantage of the timeline of the productive seasons can feed the supplementary density in the area. For example, people who work on fields for a certain period of the year depending on the weather can interchange their vocations by cultivating more than one crop or taking up small-scale trade for the rest of the year.
MARTAPURA LAMA: RIVER SETTLEMENTS ANALYSIS
SECTION THROUGH THE TYPOLOGY
social network
LIVING WITH WATER tissue, topography and tides
wet season dry season
Matapura
Industrial site MARTAPURA LAMA
10 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.5m
22
Riverbed Martapura lama
100MX100M
PUBLIC / PRIVATE
DENSITY
ZOOMING IN THE URBAN TISSUE: 400MX400M
waterbody
waterbody
road
road tissue
tissue population/sqkm
population/s
warung
SOLID / VOID
mosque shadow informal activity
road road
GANG SHOP
PLOTSYSTEM
waterbody waterbody
ROAD / WATER
A. Yani road
a
tissuetissue motherhouse
population/sqkm population/sqkm
rented house
mosque
single storey
relatives
commercial
plot
industry
ruko
informal activity
official buildings
23
SCHEME
EVOLUTION
Industrial harbour
warung
official buildings
industry commercial
single storey duplex
Transformation induced in different phases natural water purification along the river communities provided with natural grey water treatment
city
public platforms as points of opportuniy and connectors
productions sold by water transpor
commerce/ small industry productive landscape work in productive landscape work in river and productive landscape
river settlements
sell in the city
patterns
current
proposed 24
productive I road I landscape
river settlements
I
productive I road I landscape
river settlements
I
plantation
plantation
I
platform
productive landscape
I stream I river I settlements
I stream I river I settlements
productive landscape
I road I water transp
design strategies spatial connection network ecological connection
city
g
large scale functions
diversity in urban functions, serving the research identity
productive landscape
upscaling of small scale industries
education/research centre as points of opportunity
sell products in the city
new development
patterns
current
I house I
canal
I road I shops IcanalI
proposed
platform
t
25
I house I
canal
plantation
I
I commerce I canal I road I commerce I
new d
plantation I irrigation
I road I I living high density
I road I shops I canal I plantation I irrigation small industry
I
I
plantation
I education I canal I road I commerce I public public
new de
26
Vision of the Martapura Lama Road grown as a new urbanity
Strategy 4/ Water as a mode of transport To facilitate the growing industries along the Martapura Lama Road, a route of water transport can work as the economic corridor. Benefitted from both the water and road system, the businesses can take place between the two infrastructural systems. Water as the heart of life and economy, a public transport system based on water can only reiterate the significance of the aquatic existence of this region. By digging and dredging the new channels, a better water transport can be established by cut and fill process, ensuring a better connectivity. Strategy 5/ Providing platforms of interaction Nestled on a small footprint, diverse living-working and blue-green structure, the elements of functions can be connected with platforms that are integrated with stops for the water transport accommodating mosque, school, local market and public space for the communities. These platforms are the urban connectors of an enlarged public realm winding through the territory and linking the communities with one another. Raised on higher grounds, they become the small islets that lodge the urban functions and create hierarchical points in the system. CONCLUSION Since the city of Banjarmasin is confronting difficulties generated from different origins and magnitudes, solutions to this also have to deal with the diversifies factors. One thing is for sure that Banjarmasin cannot escape the tsunami of urbanization that is going to take place in the coming years. Instead of trying to stop it, the urgent stride is to be prepared for it. The city as the center for is in need of reaching outwards, not being introvert within itself. The polycentric growth caters for the possible answers to this problem of shrinking and dispersion of the inner city. Deciding on that, the next step is to agree on identifying the polycenters, find their strengths and lay out the strategies to activate them. In order to achieve this, a sound collaboration among the local and regional government, the real-estate agents and local organizations is truly desirable. With a view to reaching the common goal together, the discrepancies among different stakeholders can be overcome and worked out for.
27
A new canal as a generator of small-scale industries
Urban platforms in the rural landscape
REFERENCES: (1) MEULDER, B. (ed.), SHANNON, K. (ed.). VILLAGE IN THE CITY, (2014), published by Park Books, Zurich, Switzerland (2) STALINOV, K. (ed.), SCHEER, B. (ed.), SUBURBAN FORM, an International Perspective, (2004), published by Routledge, NY. (3) FREIDMAN, A. PLANNING THE NEW SUBURBIA, (2002), UBC Press
WATER URBANISM STUDIO 2015: RIVER & ROAD AS WARP & WOOF Design Thesis: CHOREOGRAPHING RURALITY INTO A NEW CENTRALITY Author: Saima Musharrat Summary: This paper investigates in general the concept of polycentrality and staging its phases in the setting of Banjarmasin in Indonesia. Introducing novelty being the first challenge, the intermediate scale is naturally a part of this transformation as well as reactivating the traditional. The focus is further magnified in the periurban areas and the possible processes of formation in the urban fabric of them. Shaped by multitude of factors such as pre-existing agricultural patterns, natural waterways, local development and building practices, social and cultural values etc., the aim is to ensure a unique mixture of programs aided by revealing the underlying principles. Taking Martapura Lama Road in Banjarmasin as the case study, the paper thus illustrates the possible strategies taken to steer this development in a desired way.
MaHS, MaUSP Spring Design Studio 2015 Leuven, Belgium