Babies No More

GLOBAL

SPRING 2020

s e i b a B re o M No Demola Project by Hyeyeon Kim, Yiyang Chen, Hongyunhao Ding and Linda Nurmi

CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

02

Our Team

15

Validation

03

Concept

19

Development of Ideas

07

Field Insights

20

Prototype Mybase

13

Value Propositions

25

References and Sources

PAGE 1

OUR TEAM

Facilitated by Jere Wessman

HYEYEON KIM Hyeyeon Kim is from South Korea, and has lived in four different countries in pursuit of educational and life experience goals.

She is currently studying International Politics in Fudan University as a Chinese Government Scholarship recipient. She had her first Demola experience in 2019, joining a project named “To Find Oneself Abroad.” Since the fall of 2019, she has participated in a few Demola events in Shanghai as a Demola Ambassador.Contacts: hyeyeonkim.pp09@gmail.com.

HONGYUNHAO DING Hongyunhao Ding is from China. He is studying in Dalian University of Foreign Languages majoring in Japanese for his second year. It is his first time to be a part of the Demola project.

He is familiar with the Japanese way dealing with the aging and low fertility rate problem through many seminars and lectures made by different professors from different universities in the last two years.Contacts:HongyunhaoDing0402@163.com.

YIYANG CHEN Yiyang Chen is from China and is majoring in Industrial Design at Harbin Institute of Technology. He is going to study for a master’s degree in Shanghai. He is interested in these wicked social problems and wants to discuss with others from different majors, learn from them and come up with some ideas together. It is his first time to join the Demola project. Contacts: muvich3n@gmail.com.

LINDA NURMI Linda Nurmi is a PhD student from Helsinki, Finland. She holds a degree (MA, 2017) in French Philology. Currently, she is working on her doctoral thesis in French and Comparative Literature at the University of Helsinki. She is also studying a second MA in Finnish Language. During her studies, she has participated in several exchange programmes and studied in multiple European universities. Contacts: linda.nurmi@helsinki.fi.

PAGE 2

CONCEPT Our global society is now facing the

Hence, the global society should

problem of “Babies No More.” A number of countries have already

take immediate action to combat the battle against the low fertility

seen their Total Fertility Rates (TFR) falling below the replacement level (2.1 children per woman) that would keep the country sustainable. This critical low fertility problem has brought about many economic,

problem.

Through the research, our team traced back to the root causes of the low fertility problem and categorized into two main factors: (1) the economic factors, including

social and demographic consequences: (1) the rise of the expenditure for welfare, including

the increase of the burden of childrearing, the rise of living cost, the increase of female participation

pensions, old-age pensions and medical cost; (2) the decrease in the supply of labor; (3) the decrease in the growth speed of economy; (4) the changes in the demographic structure that leads countries into

in economic activities, the instability of employment; (2) the social factors, including the change in people’s perspectives towards marriage and childbearing and the difficulty of balancing work and

aging societies.

family.

FINLAND 1,4 CHINA 1,7 USA 1,7 NIGER 6,9

SOUTH KOREA 1,0

BRAZIL 1,7

NEW ZEALAND 1,7

Total Fertility Rate World 2,4 PAGE 3

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN

MEGATRENDS During the research, we used a group of megatrends to better understand our problem and produce the solution. Megatrends consist of phenomena that are often believed to occur globally and which usually change the direction of development for the future.

Megatrends are tools identified by Sitra (an active fund) which aims to study, research and influence the future in order to create a more sustainable society. Funded by the Finnish Parliament, Sitra conducts prognosis about the future by specifying a group of megatrends which are likely to affect Finnish and global societies. We took these megatrends into consideration when developing the solution for our challenge.

PAGE 4

After thorough research, our team has come to the conclusion that the people’s changing perception towards marriage and childrearing is worth focusing on. The team conducted several interviews with different stakeholders holding diverse views about childbearing. Through the interviews, our team discovered that the stakeholders can be largely categorized into two: (1) a group of individuals who would like to conceive babies, but face limitations; (2) a group of individuals who shun

Then what causes our bodies to be under the attack of STDs? Our team believes that the lack of accurate information about STDs due to the lack of proper sexual health education is the main contributor.

Therefore, our team decided to focus on providing a good quality sexual and reproductive education for teenagers who are 10 to 18 years old and to help them know their bodies and prevent such diseases that are capable of causing infertility in advance.

marriages and give up childbearing.

With the goal of our project, which is to contribute to seeing more babies in the world, our team focused on hearing the voice of those who want to have babies, but cannot due to infertility. Our team once again conducted the research about infertility and discovered that Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are the primary factor causing infertility when not treated. Our team realized that stopping the attack of STDs in our lives can contribute to seeing more babies in our society to some extent.

In order to understand the need of a better sexual health education and to find a good model to be benchmarked, our team has conducted a survey and some studies of different countries’ sex education.

Comprehensive sexuality education is recognized as an "ageappropriate, culturally relevant approach to teaching about sexuality and relationships by providing scientifically accurate, realistic, nonjudgmental information".

UNESCO

PAGE 5

Through such process, our team found unique insights about the current sex education. In conservative countries, sex education provided in school is mostly inefficient and ineffective as it takes a form of injection of knowledge

Through research and survey, our team found out that many teenagers in conservative countries like those in Asia feel embarrassed to see gynecologists.

Our team believes that providing an online clinic service for teenagers will

that fails to satisfy the curiosity of

help prevent and treat problems of their

teenagers. Moreover, due to the characteristic of teenagers—spending a considerable time online, our team came to the conclusion that an application that provides a high quality

bodies. In addition, as our main user group will be teenagers, our team aims to deliver the information and services in interesting and encouraging ways through videos, personal narratives,

sex education would be a good solution.

game quizzes, and so on. We truly hope that through mybase, teenagers will understand their bodies and have a healthy lifestyle so that they will not face any body problems when they want to conceive babies later in the future.

Our application is called mybase and has a slogan of “Know your body, keep it healthy.” For our application, our team has benchmarked the Finnish model of sex education that includes different themes. For teenagers, our team not only focuses on delivering biological knowledge, such as basic information about our bodies, puberty, STDs, reproduction, but also aims to provide health-related services, such as menstrual tracking and work out tracking. Another unique service that is included in our application is the online clinic.

PAGE 6

FIELD INSIGHTS SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION FINLAND Curriculum-based sexual health education is an obligatory part of the Finnish Health Education subject in public education, starting from elementary school until upper secondary school. As sexual health education is taught from early on according to the curriculum, various themes are discussed with pupils in

Health centers also give free counseling for teenagers and girls are able to receive their first contraceptive pills for free if needed. Sexual health and sexuality are discussed in an open manner and adolescents have several ways of receiving information (NGOs with great websites and videos).

various ways, taking into consideration their age and development. The aim is to equip children and adolescents with basic knowledge and values that will help them to understand their sexuality and their rights.

Additionally, this is also enabled by the comprehensive and complete teacher training in Finland: all teachers are required to have a master’s degree which include pedagogical studies.

Every school also has a school nurse who is able to provide more information about the subject. When children reach their puberty and adolescence, they receive a brochure about sexuality and sexual health from the Family Federation of Finland (Väestöliitto).

PAGE 7

SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION THEMES feelings and emotions sexuality relationships and different lifestyles cultural and social factors that affect sexuality sexuality, health and wellbeing sexuality and rights human body and how it develops fertility and reproduction

SOUTH KOREA Contrary to Finland, South Korea has a sexual health education that has a room for improvement. The relatively poor quality of the sexual health education of South Korea is due to the following reasons: (1) a patriarchal culture of South Korea in which sex-related topics remain secretive and taboo; (2) the lack of sexual health education of the older generation. Hence, the correct knowledge and understanding about sex has not been properly transferred from the older generation to the younger generation, leading teenagers and those in their early 20s to unsafe sexual experiences.

In South Korea, students in primary and secondary schools are required to receive 15 hours of sex education per year, including 3 hours of sexual violence prevention course. In South Korea, sex education a part of the health education. However, except the 3 hours of sexual violence prevention course, the health education is not a mandatory, but an optional course. Therefore, schools can consider their own situations and choose not to have health education.

PAGE 8

In this case, sex education will not be fully carried out. However, even when it is carried out, it fails to serve its purpose due to its critical flaw— impracticality. In South Korea, 60% of sex education is conducted by foreign instructors coming outside of schools.

(MoGEF, 2016) In this case, a big number of students is often required to gather in the lecture halls to take a very general and vague sex education.

In addition, whereas countries with good quality of sex education require classes to be conducted from the students’ perspective based on different themes, South Korea’s sex education focuses on merely transferring biological knowledge. This education fails to satisfy the curiosity of students about sex and gives students no choice but to learn false information about sex from media.

South Korea’s sex education gives our team a few insights: (1) teenagers in South Korea need to be provided with accurate sexrelated information (2) a sex education should form a correct view towards sex (3) a sex education cannot merely inject biological knowledge

SOUTH AFRICA 1) The sexual health education system in South Africa is called Life Orientation sex education. It is aimed at developing responsible, informed and health-conscious young people.

LO sexuality education is viewed as a vital mechanism for responding to a myriad of social issues faced by many young people in South Africa which include a high rate of HIV, gender violence and homophobia, unwanted early pregnancies, rape, and drug and alcohol abuse.

2) Some teachers teach sexuality education through a series of moral injunctions concerning abstinence, danger, coercion, risk, disease and harm. Sexual pleasure and other positive aspects of romantic relationships and intimacy are silenced.

3) The deferential way in which learners relate to their teachers is a major hindrance to the delivery of effective and more learner-centered LO sexuality education programs.

The positioning of a teacher as a figure of authority like a conservative parent denies learners the opportunity to ask questions, and express their views and experiences without the fear of being judged.

PAGE 9

4) Teachers do not always comply with curricular directives in relation to the teaching of sexuality education. In part this may be because of their fear of criticism by parents who argue that teaching about sexuality taints the presumed sexual innocence of learners. 5) Some teachers and some materials appear to reinforce gender stereotypes and male power.

South Africa’s sex education gives our team a few insights: (1) teenagers in South Africa need to get enough and accurate information about sex; (2) they need somebody more friendly other than school teachers to ask questions more open and better express themselves.

CHINA Shanghai’s government launched a series of textbooks called boys and girls in 2011,but later the government claimed that this textbook is not about sexual education, but it is about gender education. There are a lot of gender stereotypes in the book.

In 2017, many professors and socialist associate with the government launch another a series of books about sex education.

However, after a few weeks a pupil’s parents report this textbook to the government for its ”exposed & the wrong content”.

Although many parents still support schools to use this textbook, the government recalled all books. It is reported that the content of this book concludes gender equality , LGBTQ+, self-protection etc.

Through the survey almost half of people got injured because of the lack of sexual education.For example, many people generally know the abortion can cause damage but don’t know what is it exactly.

PAGE 10

Actually, sexual education in China is a dilemma. On the one hand, many professors keep on pushing sexual education forward. On the other hand, many parents are against the implementation of sexual education which would be held in a school class.

Most of them think that sexual education held in school class isn’t efficient and the traditional moral thoughts also play a part in that.

Although, when students start their studies from primary school, they can get knowledge through the scientific and biological textbooks. Most of the school teachers would skip the content about sexual subject matter. They will let students read the content by themselves because they might feel ashamed to talk about sexuality in the class. Speaking objectively, these teachers have not accepted the systematic train for sexual education, so that they don’t know how to do that in a right way certainly.

Talking about basic sexual education seems like a taboo, much less talking about sexual education, gender equality and LGBTQ+.There are more and more tragedies taking place in schools year by year. Especially the average age of teenagers’ sexual crime age has risen in recent years.

INTERVIEWS & RESEARCH

KIRSI

38, female, single (hasn't found the right partner yet), Finland Kirsi, like many of the single women in their late 30s, has a desire to find a partner and to conceive

In order to correctly understand the current situation, different stakeholders and the root causes of the low fertility problem, our team has conducted several interviews and research. The findings of our interviews and research are as follows:

a child naturally. She is actively searching for a companion on dating applications and sometimes in the city’s nightlife (restaurants, bars). Her desire is to start a traditional family with a trustworthy, independent partner who can take care of himself. If she does not manage to find a reliable companion, she can opt for single parenting, co-parenting, adoption or artificial insemination. However, having a baby with the help of science can get costly. In Finland, women under their 40s are able to receive infertility treatments in public healthcare. In terms of having a baby through surrogacy is more complicated, since it is not legal in Finland like non-anonymous egg donation.

BAE 35, female, married for 12 years

Bae got married with her current husband in 2008 and had been striving to conceive babies since then.

However, despite the healthy condition of her body, she and her husband could not conceive babies up to this day. She has currently been to three different infertility clinics in different cities in South Korea to try artificial insemination. However, throughout the interview, Bae mentioned several times about the financial burden of artificial insemination. With the low possibility of succeeding in the first tries, artificial insemination has an “unaffordable” cost and the government’s aid that covers only 30~40% for the first three times does not relieve the financial pressure from infertile couples.

PAGE 11

In addition, she criticized that the government constantly stresses the importance of having more babies, but their aid does not meet the needs of those who truly want babies. Bae and her husband, failing to have babies through artificial insemination due to the high cost, are now in the adoption process. The interview with Bae has given our team an insight that targeting those who are in a similar situation with Bae can be more effective on raising birth rates than targeting those who shun marriages and childbearing.

LGTBQ relationships in China In China, with the effect of traditional thoughts about fertility, many same sex couple choose to

MA

33, male, same sex couple, 7 years in a relationship, China

have a fake marriage. For example, a gay may marry a lesbian. But, both of them have their own partner outside the marriage. They will make an

Ma has a 7 years relationship with his

agreement of many problems before marriage.

partner. But under the pressure from

Such as, the financial issue and to have a baby or

the family, both of them choose to do a

not. They will pretend they were the “common

fake marriage. After marriage they try to

couple” before other family members. If they choose to have a baby, they will raise the baby

have babies with their own fake marriage

together. Also, they allow their own same sex

partner.They tried a lot of ways to have

partner to have a fake marriage.

babies without sex. For example, buying an injection syringe without the syringe

The traditional thought about fertility is like the saying: “There are three forms of unfilial conduct

needle and putting man’s sperm into it.

of which the worst is to have no descendants.”

After that, injecting the sperm into the

That’s why LGBTQ people in China choose to have

woman's vagina.They also think about

a fake marriage or hide their identity to get

doing the surrogacy but it is too

married with heterosexuality. However, with the development of education and the reform and opening-up policy, more and more people have realized that this kind of action is immoral and can

expensive and illegal in China. Rather than adoption they prefer to have babies with their own bloodline.

cause many tragedies. So, the young same sex couples may have some different thoughts about fertility.

WANG

37, male, married for 12 years

Dual Income, No Kids (DINK) Most DINK people value life quality and self development, and they think giving birth is a choice

Wang is a highway construction manager and he is always on business trips so that the time to be with his wife

but not necessary. They know the importance and have the responsibility to raise the baby well but they are not confident because of the original family and social environment. They don’t support

and family is really few. He plans to take

grandparenting, so it may take a lot of effort if they

a RV self-driving trip after retirement.

have their own baby. They are afraid of the

He believes DINKs can live well at old

postnatal depression and childbirth complications,

age in the future.The government will

and think it is a really financial burden and big energy cost to raise babies. They believe children

take some measures to help them when

may not support you when you are old, but money

they are not able to take care of

will because there are many related cases on the

themselves..

Internet. Some of them won’t give birth at least in their late 30s because they need to get enough financial basis and have a stable career development first. They always face the stress from

PAGE 12

the family.

VALUE PROPOSITION With the increasing threat of low fertility on our global society and its sustainability, a tangible solution that would help the governments of countries with low fertility is in urgent need.

Our team believes that our application, mybase, will be a valuable solution to fighting the “babies no more” problem. We have figured out that, in regard to the low fertility problem, there are many stakeholders, including those who do

In this case, it is not the “unwillingness to have babies,” but the “inability to conceive babies.” To those who belong to this group, although providing financial aid for their infertility treatment and artificial insemination would be the best help, this measure needs a governmental-level approach.

Therefore, our team approaches the “no more babies” problem not by providing the current infertile couples a direct help, but by indirectly preventing the emergence of more infertile couples.

not want to have babies, those who want to have babies, but who cannot due to body problems, and our main target group will be the latter.

In fact, raising birth rates would require a change of the young generation’s perspective towards marriage and childrearing derived by a structural change of our society.

Since this is a long-term challenge, our team has come to a conclusion that we would first alleviate the low birth rate problem to some extent by first assisting those who are willing to have babies.

Through many interviews and the research, we have discovered that there are a certain number of couples who suffer with infertility.

PAGE 13

Through the research, we have discovered that Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea have capability of causing infertility if not treated. Nevertheless, a lot of teenagers, especially in continents where sex-related topics are a taboo, lack such information due to the lack of proper sex education.

Therefore, our application, mybase, that allows teenagers to receive sex education through online will certainly bring a value to the protection and the preparedness of their bodies.

The biggest strength of our approach, perhaps, is the “indirectness.” Mybase aims to contribute to seeing more

However, mybase will deliver the most accurate information collected through

governments have stressed out the

official governmental websites and professionals, preventing teenagers from wasting time and efforts for collecting false information.So far,

importance of raising their total fertility

there have been different ways to

rates and have encouraged their people

educate teenagers about sexual health.

newborns without putting pressure directly on people. Until today, many

without removing the root causes of the problem.

As a result, it has always been the “people” who have to carry the burden

Yet, in many conservative countries, a lot of governmental-level education

time they want babies. In addition,

models have failed to satisfy the need of teenagers since they merely inject biological knowledge. Mybase aims to provide better services than other models in the sense of arousing interests through videos, real

mybase provides a comfortability to our

experience narratives and quiz games.

of the society’s low fertility. However, mybase strives to prevent infertility in advance and to allow every person to be prepared with their bodies for the

users through the “secretive but open” service.

In conservative countries like those in Asia, sex-related topics are considered as a “taboo,” and consequently, sexrelated information is not openly available for teenagers. Mybase is “secretive” as it does not bring sexrelated discussions in real lives of teenagers, but at the same time, is “open” as it provides a physical space for teenagers to freely have sexual

Consequently, our application will not force teenagers to receive information, but let them actively search sexual health information by themselves.

Moreover, in comparison to our application’s potential challengers in the market that only focus on providing information, mybase provides a combination of different services like professional sexual health information, body health checks and online clinics.

health information.

Lastly, mybase possesses “accuracy.”

Most teenagers in conservative countries gather false sexual health information online.

PAGE 14

Therefore, our team believes that mybase will accompany teenagers in the journey of knowing and protecting their bodies and preparing for the future child-bearing process.

VALIDATION NEED FOR BETTER SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION Through the research and the case studies of different models of sexual health education, our team has come to the realization that better quality of sexual health education must be available, especially in conservative countries. However, this finding of the research and the case studies was not adequate to argue that mybase will be welcomed and competitive enough in the sexual health educational market. Therefore, our team has conducted a survey with the title of “The Survey About Chinese Sex Education’s Status and Attitude” to figure out what kind of services of sexual health education are in need of people in a conservative country.

There were 348 respondents in total, mainly aged between 16~30.

Have you received sex education?

No 38.8%

Yes 61.2%

Other (Internet, media, books, friends) 16%

What was the form of the sex education?

Online classes 9.9% School teaching 56.7% Parents & guardians 17.3%

PAGE 15

Extremely satisfied 4.2% Satisfied 11.7%

Extremely unsatisfied 15%

Are you satisfied with the sex education you received?

Mostly satisfied 38%

Unsatisfied 31%

With the quality of the sex education, from the scale of 0 being extremely deficient and of 10 being perfect, 248 respondents (71.26%) chose 0 to 4 while 43 respondents chose 5 (12.36%) and 57 respondents chose 6 to 10 (16.37%). For the question of “do you think it is necessary to have a systematic sex education outside of school?,” 346 respondents (99.43%) answered that it is due to the fear that schools would not deliver proper and effective sex education. In a new sex education, the respondents wanted the contents of self-protection, health knowledge, prevention of STDs in interesting ways and the counseling service to be included the most, followed by the content of dealing with the puberty, knowing oneself better and gender equality.

Based on the result of the survey, our team has discovered that: (1) most respondents regard the current sexual health education is deficient; (2) the low satisfaction of the school teaching format of sexual health education proves the other format is in need; (3) a new form of sexuality education needs to be interesting, informative and supportive. Based on these findings, our application mybase was designed and is ready to serve the needs of people who want a better-quality sexual health education.

PAGE 16

VALIDATION

SEEKING THE ADVICE ON OUR SOLUTION In the process of developing and designing our application based on the findings noted above, our team had a chance to exchange opinions, ideas and perspectives on our solution with the researchers of the aging society problem. Our team and the aging society team both agreed on the fact that the low fertility and aging society problems share many similarities, and most importantly, form a casual relation.

Therefore, both teams reviewed each other’s research and problem-solving process and solution thoroughly with a great responsibility.

Regarding our solution of launching our application mybase to fight the low fertility problem, our team was asked to check a few points in order to increase the effectiveness and to gain more credibility. The first point to be examined was the approach of our model of sexual health education. Our group was asked whether our solution would focus on contextual education or on reproductive education.

PAGE 17

A sexual health education with the former approach would include family-planning education and serve as a tool for people to understand what they need to do or how they should be prepared for childbearing.

However, our team was concerned that this approach would place people under the pressure of conceiving babies, causing an adverse effect.

On the other hand, an education with the latter approach would contain more biological content, such as information about STDs, which our team believes necessary to get one’s body ready for childbearing. Learning accurate biological information and STDs would naturally and indirectly help people for childbearing at the time they want.

Likewise, alone in the U.S., 6.1 million women ages 15-44 have difficulty getting pregnant or staying pregnant.

(HHS, 2019) Infertility, however, is proven to be related to STDs like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. Evidence has consistently demonstrated the

1 OUT OF 10 More than 10 % of women are inflicted by infertility and subfertility

Thus, our team decided to have our service with the latter approach, but not in a form of a mere injection of biological information. Instead, our application will approach teenagers in a fun, interesting, and visually pleasing way and deliver necessary information

effects of these STDs in reproductive tract morbidities including tubal factor infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease, causing serious permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system if not treated. (Tsevat, et al.

2017) Therefore, UNFPA has publicly called for “the information and services available to adolescents to help them understand their sexuality and protect them from sexually transmitted diseases and subsequent risk of infertility.”

with many services like health track and online clinics.

Another point of our solution that was advised to be checked was the relations between the low fertility and the sexual and reproductive education. The low fertility problem, as mentioned above, is mainly due to the social, economic and cultural shifts and should be addressed through structural changes of society.

However, although relatively minor, there are a number of factors that contribute to seeing “no more babies” in our society and one of them is infertility and subfertility. According to WHO, over 10% of women are inflicted by infertility and subfertility.

PAGE 18

Our team believes that mybase providing high quality sexual and reproductive education will have a positive effect on reducing infertility, and consequently, on seeing more babies in our society.

DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS

During the Babies No More challenge, ideas were developed and advanced with the help of several online platforms and tools.

We started with mind maps that concentrated on the issues and problems around our challenge. We discovered that this phenomenon has also several positive outcomes.

Thereafter, we did a macro-level analysis PESTLE (political, economic, environmental, social, technological and legal issues) which helped us to visualize in a problem tree format.

From there, we set to identify our stakeholders and conducted research (interviews, surveys, etc.). Using megatrends we finally had picked out four major stakeholders.

From there on, we investigated the sexual health education globally and started creating a low-fi prototyping content. After identifying the features, functions and values of our solution, we eventually decided to make a mobile application about sexual health education for teenagers.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

BRIEF Writing down ideas during the brainstorm

PAGE 19

RESEARCH

IDEATION

DESIGN

Conducting the research and interviews

Best ideas come from collaboration

Co-creating the solution

PROTOTYPE

CONTENTS

MOBILE APPLICATION MYBASE

We chose the name“mybase” for our application. It means our base is the body.

The purple means mysterious and the blue means calm. So we chose purple and blue as the main colors of our application to convey the idea that we hope teenagers can know the “mysterious” sex health knowledge calmly, know their bodies better and prepare themselves well.

We used the abstract shape like stairs as the logo of the application, it means from the base, our body, and move up the stairs to prepare for the future.

"Know your body, keep it healthy" PAGE 20

After brainstorming about features, functions and values of our solution, we determined our application will contain these four (4) parts:

CONTENTS

1. UNDERSTANDING YOUR BODY In this section, teenagers can get professional information. We hope this wellorganized information can make teenagers know their bodies better to help them make decisions. So we divided this information into seven (7) topics: accepting your sexuality, puberty, contraceptives, STDs, pregnancy & reproduction and misunderstandings. And there will be some articles around each topic.

By default, this page will randomly display articles on various topics. By clicking the filter button you can read the articles about a specific topic. You can also type keywords on the search bar to find something you want to know. Each article displayed on the page will have its title, marked with its topic, and has a cover with interesting illustration which can attract teenagers to read.

In order to resist improper words, we have decided to exclude the comment area.Instead, we added the emoji buttons, so teenagers can click it to express their feelings after reading the article. We also set the share button, so teenagers can share it to their friends when their friends need it.

After reading a few articles about one topic, it will invite you to take a short quiz. Taking the challenge will make the memory deeper.

PAGE 21

2. TAKING CARE OF YOUR HEALTH This part was divided into three (3) little sections. They are exercise, nutrition and menstruation. We hope teenagers can form a good habit and prepare themselves well. The exercise section will read your moving data based on your phone, and display your steps here. It will also give you a body score after analyzing the data of the users at your age according to your exercise frequency and intensity.The nutrition section will offer the information about nutrition. It will guide teenagers to eat correctly. The menstruation section is for girls exclusively. It allows girls to track their situation here or sync the data from other applications.

PAGE 22

3. ONLINE CLINIC This part is made for teenagers to feel more free to talk about their bodies with professional adults. It allows teenagers to talk to an AI robot or a real doctor. The AI robot can reply to some questions automatically and quickly. And it will not record anything so teenagers can feel totally free here.But if the robot cannot reply or teenagers just need somebody to talk to them more realistically, they can make an appointment with the real doctor. The doctor will give you some professional advice.

PAGE 23

4. PROFILE & SETTINGS This part is made for teenagers to feel more free to talk about their bodies with professional adults. It allows teenagers to talk to an AI robot or a real doctor. The AI robot can reply to some questions automatically and quickly. And it will not record anything so teenagers can feel totally free here.But if the robot cannot reply or teenagers just need somebody to talk to them more realistically, they can make an appointment with the real doctor. The doctor will give you some professional advice.

In addition, we designed the registration part. It will need users to fill in age and gender for targeting better the information for each person.

PAGE 24

REFERENCES AND SOURCES 1. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (South Korea). (2016). “2016 Survey on Gender Equality.”

2. World Health Organization. (2020) “Infertility is a Global Public Health Issue.” Retrieved from https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/perspecti ve/en/ 3. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2019). “Female Infertility.” Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductivehealth/fact-sheets/female-infertility/index.html 4. Tsevat, D. G. et al. (2017). “Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Infertility.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology: 216(1), 19.

5. The World Bank. (2020). “Fertility Rate, Total (Births Per Woman).”

Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN 6. Mayeza E, Vincent L. (2019). Learners’ perspectives on life orientation sexuality education in South Africa. Sex Education.

19(4):472-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2018.1560253 7. UNESCO (2009). International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An Evidence-informed approach for schools,teachers and health educators. Paris http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001832/183281e.pdf 8. https://www.sitra.fi/en/topics/facts-about-sitra/ 9. https://media.sitra.fi/2020/05/04100920/megatrendit2020julisteen.pdf 10. https://media.sitra.fi/2020/03/04130112/2021544megatrendikortit20 20enverkko.pdf 11. http://www.vaestoliitto.fi/in_english/ 12. https://www.oph.fi/en - Finnish National Agency for Education

PAGE 25