A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,
MONTFORT DEL ROSARIO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN ASSUMPTION UNIVERSITY 2021
Thesis approved:
Date Asst. Prof. Suparath Valaisathien,DEAN Date Asst. Prof. Nobpadol Suvachananonda, Chairperson
Date Ajarn Miguel Vélez, Thesis advisor.
Architecture more focus on the functionalism and giving visual impact to human beings, Architecture designs more focuses on the program and function design and emphasize on visual impact. This issue didn’t influence too much on commercial design like the residence, shopping mall, government facility and public transportation facility. However, this issue erodes on the cultural architecture design. Some of the cultural architecture using the same concept and methodology like commercial building. On the other hand, Yunnan province having a long and variety history, started from thousands of years ago. During the Second World War, Yunnan as one of the support provinces also become a significant role in the anti Japanese invasion. On another side, Yunnan also against Thailand and Myanmar. Therefore, I want to design a memorial museum to show this unforgettable history and design an architecture base on the human emotion experience and human five senses experience. It is an effective way to feeling and understanding the special history and let people understanding the design started from human points.
This thesis is done under the guidance of Ajarn Satanan Chanowanna, my advisor Ajarn Miguel V., internal and external critics. Without their guidance, the entire process of the project could not be able to execute this well.
This project needs me approach by human point of view, also the history information of my hometown includes enormous data. Without the help from others, I cannot complete and finished the thesis.
I also want to thanks to the everyone who helped and encouraged me along the way.
To Asaki, accompany with me in every different stage of the design.
To Chu-li, helping me and encouraging me to past the tough time.
To all the people who helped me proving the necessary information in the different stage of design.
To my family, my mother and father, and all my friends, thank you all to help past the tough journey
I
Table of Contents II
List of Figures IV
List of Table VIII
Chapter 1: Thesis introduction 1
1.1Background 1
1.2Thesis statement 6
1.3Research question 6
1.4Research objective 7
1.5Scope and delimitation of research 7
1.6Research and design methodology 8
1.7Definition of terms 9
1.8Benefit of the studying 10
Chapter 2: literature review 11
2.1literature on highlight points of Yunnan history. 12
2.2literature on emotion express in architecture project. 20
2.3literature on experience creating in architecture design. 22
2.4literature on memorial museum design programming and layout function design. 24
2.5literature on storytelling in architecture design. 31
Chapter 3: human senses and human emotion in architecture design 36
3.1Human five senses 37
3.2Human emotion 51
Chapter 4: Site selection and analysis 57
4.1Background of Kunming city 57
4.2Site selection 61
4.3Summary of site selection and analysis 72
4.4Building law and regulations 74
Chapter5: Programming 76
5.1Case study of memorial design 76
5.2Target user analysis 81
5.3Organization structure and classification 82
5.4Building program 84
5.5Design methodology and languages 87
5.6Program list 88
Chapter6: schematic design 89
6.1Concept 89
6.2Proposal one. 94
6.3Proposal two. 95
6.4Proposal three 97
6.5Special programming 101
6.6Structure design 102 6.7Drawing set 104
Chapter7: Design conclusion 117
7.1 Design conclusion. 117 Bibliography 120
1.1Diagram of Yunnan province history 2
1.2Jewish Museum design by studio Libeskind 5
1.3Research methodology 8
1.4Design methodology 8
2.1Flying Tiger diagram 12
2.2History of Flying Tiger Group 14
2.3Hump line 15
2.4Hump flying line map 16
2.5mountain height of Himalayan 16
2.6 Wujiaba airport diagram 17
2.7 Yunnan-Myanmar transport way 18
2.8 diagram of Yunnan Burmann transport way 18
2.9 Architecture personality 20
2.10 Architecture personality diagram 21
2.11 Architecture personality diagram 21
2.12 The diagram from the Design for Breathtaking Experiences 22
2.13 Jewish Museum photo. 24
2.14 Jewish Museum concept analysis 24
2.15 zoning diagram of the underground floor 25
2.16 first floor diagram of Jewish Museum 26
2.17 diagram of second floor of Jewish Museum 27
2.18 third floor zoning diagram of Jewish Museum 28
2.19 fourth floor zoning diagram of Jewish Museum 29
2.20 isomeric zoning diagram of Jewish Museum 30
2.21 Concept diagram of Jewish Museum 30
2.22 Architecture narrative and movie narrative relationship 31
2.23 the origin of narrative 32
2.24 The narrative of film and architecture 33
2.25 The narrative of film and architecture 34
3.1 human five senses and human emotion diagram 36
3.2 human five senses and emotion of the project focus diagram 36
3.3 Visual diagram 37
3.4 The perspective skill drawing of western drawing 38
3.5 The forbidden city perspective layout 39
3.6 The Salk institute symmetric layout 40
3.7 Qingming shang he ancient print storytelling 41
3.8 Ram Chong church windows diagram 42
3.9 Qing Ming Shang He Tu Ancient Chinese Painting and relative architecture project. 43
3.10 Auditory diagram 44
3.11 Sound map diagram 45
3.12 the diagram shows the natura 46
3.13 Natural sound analysis diagram 47
3.14 Natural sound analysis diagram 47
3.15 Tactile analysis diagram 48
3.16 Tactile analysis diagram 50
3.17 Emotion definition 51
4.1 Yunnan province and Kunming location analysis diagram 57
4.2 Kunming city landmark analysis diagram 58
4.3 Downtown area analysis diagram of Kunming city 59
4.4 Four sites options location diagram 61
4.5 Site I basic information and analysis diagram 64
4.6 Site II basic information and analysis diagram 66
4.7 Site III basic information and analysis diagram 68
4.8 Site IV basic information and analysis diagram 70
4.9 potential design diagram of the final selection site 73
5.1 Jewish Museum exterior and interior image 76
5.2 Jiang Shan martyr memorial museum exterior and interior perspective 78
5.3 WWII memorial museum exterior and interior perspective image 79
5.4 target user analysis diagram 81
5.5 Organization Structure and Classification diagram 82
5.6 Activity analysis diagram 83
5.7 First building program list 84
5.8 Second building program list 85
5.9 Third building program list 86
5.10 Design methodology diagram 87
6.1 Arrival movie poster 89
6.2 Screen shot from Dune movie. 91 6.3 Poster from 2001 a space odyssey movie 93
6.4 Proposal I design and analysis diagram 94
6.5 Proposal II design and analysis diagram 95
6.6 Zoning and parametric design prepare diagram 97
6.7 Parametric design processes diagram 98
6.8 Parametric design processes diagram II 99
6.9 Zoning design diagram I 100
6.10 Zoning design diagram II 100
6.11 Concept analysis diagram 101
6.12 Explosion diagram 102
6.13 Structure design detail diagram 103 6.14 Underground floor plan 104 6.15 Ground floor plan 104 6.16 Second floor plan 105 6.17Third floor plan 105 6.18 Rooftop floor plan 106 6.19 Elevation I 107 6.20 Elevation II 107 6.21 Elevation III 108 6.22 Elevation IV 108 6.23 Section I 109 6.24 Section II 109 6.25 Section III 110 6.26 Bird view perspective 111
6.27 Exterior perspective 111
6.28 Landscape perspective 112 6.29 Entrance perspective 113
6.30 Corridor perspective 114
6.31 Exhibition room perspective 115
6.32 Second exhibition room perspective 115
6.33 Special program perspective 116
6.34 Third exhibition room perspective 116
7.1 Special program area perspective 118
2.1List of thesis, essay and portfolios against issues reviewed 11
3.1table of happiness experiment and definition. 52
3.2table of sadness experiment and definition. 54
3.3table of fear experiment and definition. 55
3.4table of anger experiment and definition. 56
4.1 Final points and site selection. 72
4.2 Climate zone and sun light hours law and regulation. 74
5.1 Jewish Museum program table. 77
5.2 Jiang-Shan martyr memorial museum program table. 78
5.3 WWII memorial museum program table. 80
5.4 Program list of the project. 88
Yunnan Province is located in southwest China, and the provincial city is Kunming. In history, many South Asian ethnic groups have built their culture in this region. It is a town with rich history and something worth telling. Kunming is my hometown and I feel connected to it. With this feeling in mind, I propose to develop an architecture that not only takes the form and serves the function, but also conveys a clear sense of place and describes a deeper meaning of such a rich history.
If we look back at the history of Yunnan Province, it starts from the early Paleolithic period, about 1.8 million years ago, which we find in Yuan Mo in Yunnan Province. Yunnan produced the Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures with regional characteristics. This is the prehistoric era of Yunnan province. Three centuries BC, a general from the Chu era came to Yunnan Province and founded the Dian Empire. This empire became one of the most powerful states of that time.
Timeline
• 3th Century BC Emperor Shi Huang Qing united other six nations and built China; he established Yunnan Province as we commonly call it today.
• In 109 BC Emperor Han completed the survey of the province and established relations with India and Myanmar.
• FromAD 225 to 621, China ruled over this place in 5 different eras and defeated various enemies from the surrounding areas.
• From AD 738 to 1235, one of the leaders of Da-Li built the most powerful nation in Yunnan province. The area included Yunnan, Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, northern Myanmar, Laos, and part of Vietnam.
Da-Li was the center of the economy, politics and military. They also provided the link to the Song era, which was the most important nation in China at that time. The term Dian was one of the sub districts.
Figure 1.1 Diagram of Yunnan province history, by author
After the glorious period of the Dian Empire, this powerful state was defeated by the Mongol Empire and the emperor made Kunming the center of Yunnan Province instead of Da-Li.
In the Qing era, various powers began invasions. Yunnan opened some borders and became a trading center in Southwest Asia.
During the ROC era. Yunnan province was one of the battlefields between the Chinese military and the Japanese invaders.And some of the best Chinese universities were founded in Kunming.
In this thesis project I will focus on the history during the World War II. If we look back at that time, we will find that Yunnan was attacked from three sides: The first came from the Japanese invaders. The second came from Myanmar. The third side came from Thailand.
The Second Sino Japanese War began on July 7, 1937, when the Japanese invaders started the invasion. Yunnan Province sent the 60Army, the 58 Army, the New 3 Army and the Dian Army to defeat the Japanese invaders.
In the 8 years, Yunnan Province deployed more than 420,000 young people to the first front of the war.
The Dian Army participated in the decisive battle more than 20 times, especially in the battle for Tai Er Zhuang Village and Zhong Tiao Shan Mountain. More than 100,000 people died in the process. The Japanese newspaper reported, "It was very rare for the Dian Army to experience such a battle since September 18, 1937.
The great sacrifice of the Yunnan Army and the great contribution of the people of Yunnan brought glory to the nation. After winning the anti-Japanese war, the Japanese surrendered, the Dian Army was in Nanchang and nine participated in the surrender. And the Dian Army is the only army that left the territory of Vietnam and joined the surrender, a glorious glory that the Chinese nation has never experienced. The allied American forces were also an important army in the anti-Japanese war in Yunnan, this army we called the 'flying tigers'.
The second point is the movement of the Burma campaign. Yunnan is located on the southeastern border of South Asia and East South Asia and is a very important location. After the anti Japanese war started, Yunnan province became the most important base. In September 1940, the Japanese army invaded North Vietnam and approached the border between Yunnan and Vietnam, making Yunnan the front line of the war. Yunnan also became the main battlefield of the anti-fascist battle line in the east. In May 1942, the Japanese army invaded northern Myanmar and western Yunnan Province.
The third is the China Thailand war. Thailand became the only member of the Japanese in the Asian region. Japan wanted to make Thailand attack the countries of Myanmar and Malaysia. After fighting with the Japanese invasion army, the Thai government allied with Japan without committing itself. It allowed the Japanese army to enter the area and set up camp.After the Japanese army invaded Myanmar and Malaysia, the Chinese government feared that the Thai army would use northern Burma as a springboard to attack Xishuangbanna in Yunnan and persuade the Dai people in Xishuangbanna to secede from the Republic of China. Therefore, the Nationalist government sent the Sixth Army of the Chinese Expeditionary Force to Myanmar to actively defend against the Thai army. Eventually, China and Thailand would have to fight each other on the battlefield.
Mentioned the short, rich history of Yunnan Province during the World War II. Kunming has such a long history and has experienced ups and downs in the past thousand years. It has experienced much hardship and war in its history and is now experiencing a glorious period. However, there is no proper and suitable museum to show this amazing history. This is one of the main reasons why I decided to establish a museum project to delineated such a history in Kunming.
Architectural design focuses more on program and function, emphasizing visual impact. Commercial motives do not play a major role in this theme, as they do in residential buildings, shopping centers, government buildings, and public transportation. However, this aspect is eroded in the designs for cultural architecture. Some of the cultural buildings use the same concept and methodology as commercial buildings. The result is that many boring spaces have been created and all these buildings do not care about human emotions or even human feelings. They have lost the character of the region in which they are located. Slowly our buildings became tools of money
Figure1.2 Jewish Museum design by studio Libeskind, diagram created by author
making, products of the assembly line, empty and indifferent luxury boxes of concrete and glass.
On the other hand, there are many well-designed memorial museums around the world, such as the Jewish Museum designed by Daniel Libeskind. This museum allows people to know, understand and remember the terrible history and never let it be forgotten. There is a very high and narrow space paved with stones with human faces. When you walk on the path, you can hear the screams of thousands of people in the background. This is a great example of how to use visual and auditory stimuli to make people feel fear and discomfort by appealing to the five human senses in the right way and making people feel the emotions that the architect has designed. This is another background and the main reason why I decided to connect the design of the memorial museum with human emotions and the five senses.
This thesis tries to create a memorial museum based on human emotions and interacting with the five senses of human beings, and also takes into account the important history of the World War II in my hometown in Yunnan Province. Understand the special program and how the museum design works. At the end of the design, people should have the same emotional experience that the design gives them.
In order to develop an appropriate design of the memorial museum with human emotions and the history of Yunnan during the World War II, the research includes the following questions.
There are not enough suitable memorial museums. There is no special commemorative museum to bring this important history to the citizens, tourists and students in Yunnan Province.
The lack of a characteristic Yunnan. The existing building was not designed after analyzing the local identity and site.
The lack of design with the five senses of human beings. The existing building design does not consider the five senses of human beings. Most still focus on the visual design and consider how to convey the visual impression, even if they only care about the external appearance and not the actual spatial experience.
The lack of design with human emotions and stories. Existing designs have not considered how to connect space planning and design with human emotions and stories. They focus more on the function of the spaces.
The research questions are therefore:
How can abstract human emotions be transferred to the concrete space of architecture?
-How can architectural space interact with the five human senses?
How can the memorial museum be linked to the history of the World War II in Yunnan Province?
How to use the different elements to interact with the five senses? How to design the narrative in architecture?
--To find the right method to transfer the abstract human emotions to architectural spaces.
-To find the way how the space can interact with the five human senses. Exploring the program/function of the memorial museum...
To study and understand the history of World War II in Yunnan.
-Exploring how to represent the history in architecture. Exploring the method of storytelling in architectural design.
This study will focus on the human emotion transfer and human beings five senses understanding.
Considering the identity of Yunnan province
-Research on the global cases which are focus on human emotion and five senses interactive.
Research on the global museum function program
This study will not include any traditional Chinese architecture.
This study will not include other history except the Second World War in China.
Figure 1.3 Research methodology, By the author
Figure 1.4 Design methodology, By the author, 2021
The design methodology will begin by examining and researching the current state of museums in Kunming and Yunnan Province. It will also study the architecture that takes into account human emotions. And it will investigate the five human senses in experiments and design.
Then the study will continue to find a way to design the memorial museum in connection with the history of the World War II in Yunnan. The search for the special identity.
Human emotions: Emotions are biological states associated with the nervous system caused by neurophysiological changes associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and some degree of pleasure or displeasure.
The five senses of man: The five senses refer to the five traditionally recognized methods of perception or senses: taste, sight, touch, smell, and sound.
Spatial Transfer: Humans experience themselves from one space to another space.
Flowing space: two different spaces with no physical boundary.
Natural elements: such as sun, wind, vegetation, etc.
Storytelling: In architecture, storytelling mainly refers to the design of spaces that relate to something, such as history, music, human movement, or other things.
Anti Japanese War: The Second Sino Japanese War (1937 1945) was a military conflict fought mainly between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war formed the Chinese theater of the larger Pacific theater of the World War II.
Burma Campaign：The Burma War (Burma Campaign) is the Pacific.
From January 1942 to March 1945, British Allied forces conducted fierce defensive and counterattacks against Japanese forces in Burma. It can be classified as a generic term for the Third Army and the Second Burma. The Japanese Army placed Chinese troops overseas along the U.S.-British-Burma Highway and the Burma Burma Highway as well as party leaders and subdued Chinese air forces to pressure them to surrender to the BritishArmy and ensure the safety of the Japanese flank in the beloved region.
China-Thailand War: The Xishuangbanna area in southern Yunnan was also briefly taken by foreign enemies. Unlike western Yunnan, it was Japan's subordinate country in Southeast Asia Thailand that invaded southern Yunnan. In the end, all invaders were driven out in the defense of southern Yunnan. The border ends.
1. This study will help us understand how to design architectural projects based on human vision, human emotions, and the five senses, rather than focusing too much on function or program, even though this is a very necessary part of projects.
2.This study will help us understand how to program and design a memorial museum. How to design the function and space planning of a memorial museum.
3.This study will highlight the history of World War II in Yunnan Province and show with the design of memorial museum.
This work is about creating a memorial museum with the history of the World War II and the human emotions typical of Yunnan. The idea of the building is to maximize the human elements and human emotions in architecture in relation to culture, and to consider the influence of the selected history. Therefore, the next paragraph will answer the following questions, which are also related to the literature review: 1. literature about the history of Yunnan Province during the World War II 2. literature about the expression of emotions in architectural projects 3. literature about the creation of experiences in architectural design 4. literature about the programming of the memorial museum and the design of functions.
The literature review is based on the following questions:
1. What is the climax in the history of World War II in Yunnan?
2.How to create the experience in the architectural project？
3.How to plan the museum program and function layout？
Below is a table of content of the literature I selected for review:
Table 2.1: List of thesis, essay and portfolios against issues reviewed
Flying Tiger is the American volunteer group founded by General Claire Lee Chennault, a flight training officer. They help China in the fight against the Japanese air force. In the early stages of the war, they are mainly active in Yunnan Province, then they shift to Hunan Province.
Figure 2.1 Flying Tiger diagram, created by author.
In July 1937, the Chinese government invited Officer Claire to inspect and advise the Chinese Air Force. However, at the end of this fact finding trip, Japan decides to attack China and the war begins. Song May-ling asked Claire to help the Chinese Air Force and train them to fight the Japanese invaders. Claire took the advice and established a flight school in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, where he trained Chinese pilots to American standards.
In 1941, General Claire established anAmerican volunteer group to help China fight the Japanese invaders.
By July 1941, when the general returned to China, 68 aircraft, 110 pilots, 150 mechanics, and some support personnel had arrived in China. They divided into 3 teams, which they called TeamAdam and Eve, Team Panda, and Team Angel.
Song May-ling, the Chinese advisor, felt that we could buy the plane anytime we had money, so she decided to keep the money and buy the plane when we needed it. But when the war started, the Japanese army attacked China with a large part of the army. And the southeastern coastal ports were occupied by the Japanese army, so we had no chance to buy a high quality airplane from another country even if we had a lot of money. This was because the Western countries were worried about the disgruntled Japan. During this time, the prices of fighter planes increased significantly.
The Chinese government's fighter planes and pilots suffered heavy losses in the early period of the war. In addition, it took a long time to buy, transport, assemble, test, and reinstall the aircraft. In the early days of the war, the Chinese army was even forced to use many old fighter planes to compete against the advanced Japanese Zero fighter planes. In this cruel war, the Chinese army lost almost all of its planes and machines.
Therefore, Song May ling decided to approach General Claire and spend more than ten times the salary of the Chinese pilots to bring American pilots to China to protect their lives.
Figure 2.2 History of Flying Tiger Group, diagram created by author.
In August 1941, Chiang Kai shek ordered the formal establishment of theAmerican Volunteer Group and appointed General Claire as its commander. And they deployed 100 Hawk 81 fighter planes with the flying tiger logo and shark head, which is why we call them Flying Tiger.
On December 20, 1941, ten Japanese aircraft invaded Kunming, Yunnan, China. The Flying Tigers were successful in their first mission. In the first air battle, they shot down 6 enemy aircraft. This battle was the first loss for the Japanese Army after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The "Hump" was an important air passage between China and the Allies during World War II. It began in 1942 and finally ended in World War II. It made an important contribution to the fight against Japanese fascism.
Figure 2.3 Hump line, diagram created by author
"Hump" is located in a mountain pass in the southern foothills of the Himalayas that resembles a hollow on the back of a camel. Its altitude is higher than the maximum crawl altitude of the main American machines (DC 3, C 46, C 47). This is the place where the China India route must pass. Through this transportation route, China transports expeditionary soldiers sent abroad to fight Japan to India and then transports war supplies such as gasoline and equipment back from India. The route has a total length of 500 miles and ranges from 4500 to 5500 meters above sea level, with the highest elevation being 7000 meters. The peaks are hilly like the back of a camel, hence the name "hump route."
In Kunming city, an abandoned airport also shows the history of the 'hump' airline, Wu Jia Ba airport as the destination of the airline, The airport help China over the hard time also see the Kunming city developed into the new ear.
Figure2.6 Wujiaba airport diagram, diagram created by author.
The starting point is the city of Kunming in Yunnan Province, China, and the ending point is Lashio, Myanmar. The highway has a length of 1,453 kilometers. The highway was built in the spring of 1938 and opened to traffic in December 1938. An international canal with the longest duration and largest volume, which strongly supported the early phase of the anti Japanese war in China.
After the outbreak of the Chinese War of Resistance against Japan in 1937, the Japanese army quickly occupied the northern, eastern and southern regions of China. Only third country ports such as Hong Kong and Vietnam's Haiphong remained for transshipment. Most other ports directly under the Nationalist government fell into the hands of the Japanese army. Hands. To prevent the remaining two transit lines from being closed, China was to be given a rear international passage. Therefore, in August 1937, the then Chairman of Yunnan Province, Long Yun, proposed to Chiang Kai shek a "Plan for the Modification of the Burma Road," which included the construction of a railroad line and an expressway to the Indian Ocean. Chiang Kai-shek was very much in agreement with this. In October 1937, National Government officials negotiated with the Yunnan provincial government and stipulated that the Yunnan Burma Highway should run from Kunming through Xia guan, Baoshan, Longling, Mangshi, and Wanding and connect to the country's railroad network at Lashio, Myanmar. In November, Long Yun, chairman of the Yunnan provincial government, gave the order for the immediate construction of the Myanmar Burma highway.
Near the Spring Festival of 1938, 200,000 workers of various ethnic groups were recruited along the highway for the construction site. Most of these workers were elderly, children and women. Since there were no machines at that time, they could only rely on manual labor. Many heavy and dangerous jobs were performed almost exclusively by women and children. In August, the Yunnan Burma highway was opened to traffic. The project, originally scheduled to open to traffic in three months, was delayed several times. The first traffic opening was finally realized in November 1938. In October 1938, the national government established the Myanmar Burma Highway Administration, which
reported directly to the Ministry of Transport and was responsible for road operations. The General Manager's Office of Southwest Import and Export Material Transportation (Southwest Transportation Office) was contracted and the organization was restructured into the General Administration of ChinaMyanmar Transportation in 1941.
2.2 Literature on emotion express in architecture design.
Figure 2.9 Architecture personality, diagram created by Zhang Xue Ying and author.
The expression of emotions is the most important part of this thesis. There are many architectures based on this concept. However, I found a portfolio titled 'Architecture personality handbook' by Zhang Xue Ying. In this portfolio, she tried to design a small house for different personalities and equip them with special functions and spaces according to their mentality. These virtual projects are spread all over the world and all have completely different style, shape, material and technique. Therefore, I think this is a good essay to explain how to create the abstract human.
In this portfolio, it has divided human personality into five parts, each part including passive and negative personality. For example, extraversion is the name of the first part, sociable and aloof are the two included personalities. In the first step, she analyzed the daily routine of two people. In the second step, she tried to combine the need with the personality. In the third step, she designed the architectural space according to the needs of the two people. The final result is two completely different places and architectures. They are perfectly matched to the needs of the clients and their personality.
2.10
Figure 2.11
For this question, I found one article Design for Breathtaking Experiences:
The first article is not directly about architecture, but there is much to learn about it. Stunning Experiences suggests that exploring design strategies can inspire awe in people. In this article, Jianlin Ke and JungKyoon Yoon explains in detail how to design a product experience. He divides design strategies into three major parts: 1. Perception of design 2. Use of design 3.
Figure 2.12 The diagram from the Design for Breathtaking Experiences
The first part of design perception involves two foci: association focus and object focus.Association is about focusing on the core essence of a design. According to him, there are two strategies to achieve this: ephemeral beauty and timeless design. This means that we can design the product by considering the elements that represent the design. Object orientation means material quality that incorporates time into the design. There are also two strategies to achieve this novelty with overwhelming complexity and rapid changes and
unpredictable behavior. These two strategies are about how to design a product through the design of material patterns or the type of layout so that it gives people a different perspective and feeling than ordinary things.
The second part is the use of the design. There is a focus on the activity, and that means that the activity enables the design, the strategies to solve this problem are called active participation in the collective. The strategies mean that the design interacts directly with the users.
The third part is the social impact of the design. Identity is at the heart of design. Conceptual hierarchy and the presence of a higher power. These strategies aim to arouse people's emotions when they look at the design.
Figure 2.13 Jewish Museum photo.
In this part, architect Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum was analyzed based on its layout, focusing on its functionality. The diagrams explain the spatial organization from the basement to the fourth floor. There are also some diagrams showing the location of the rooms in the isometric model.
2.14
Figure2.15 zoning diagram of the underground floor, created by author.
In the basement, the architect arranged the main circulation from the old museum next to the Jewish Museum, the main corridor connecting the outdoor landscape with the indoor corridor and the Holocaust Tower. The main corridor was to be combined with the main storage and the Rafael Roth Learning Center. The architect tried to keep the function of the complex underground so that he could use a number of floors as main exhibition spaces.
Figure2.16 first floor diagram of Jewish Museum, diagram created by author.
On the first floor, the architecture maximizes the space for the exhibition, leaving only some corners for the ancillary spaces, such as the reception, the toilets and the storage room. In the center, the architect wants to leave a very high space, the so-called empty axis. It represents the lost memory of the Jewish people during the World War II, and the architect thought that the empty space and the lost memory could remind people to appreciate the present life and still remember the important history.
Figure2.17 diagram of second floor of Jewish Museum, created by author
If we look at the space of the second floor, we will notice that the architect used most of the space for the exhibition, there is not even more storage space. But the axis of emptiness is still in the center of the building, cutting and dividing the interior space.
Figure2.18 third floor zoning diagram of Jewish Museum, created by author.
The third floor has basically the same room layout as the second floor. But the architecture has added some irregular angles and shapes to the walls to enhance the feeling of the exhibition space. The axis of emptiness still cuts through the space on the third floor, connecting the visual to another floor.
Figure2.19 fourth floor zoning diagram of Jewish Museum, created by author.
The fourth floor is the main level for the office. The large space helps the employees who work there to have a large and comfortable place to work and rest.
Figure2.20 isomeric zoning diagram of Jewish Museum, created by Stephen Andenmatten.
Figure2.21 Concept diagram of Jewish Museum, created by author.
In recent years, with the emergence of the interdisciplinarity of architecture and film film architecture, more and more theorists and architects have begun to draw inspiration from it and use it to enrich the architectural spatial experience. The very combination of architecture and film is their common narrative, and film as a fusion of time and space The art of spatial structure and its special arrangement of space forms its own unique narrative.
Figure 2.23 the origin of narrative, created by author
Narrative, the most basic meaning is the description of the story, this concept was first used in literature and semiotics, and later developed into a separate subject, the subject of narratology (narratology). Film narrative was born together with cinematography. André Gaudreault pointed out in "What is the Film Narrative?" that as long as a story is told, it is a narrative. The narrative is an organic whole, the event is the basic unit, and the narrative is a formal system. It is the way the story is told.
The famous master of suspense film, Alfred Hitchcock, mainly used the "it" narrative method in his film "Rear Window" to intensively reflect the characteristics of classical film. The film mainly tells the story of Jeffrey, a reporter who is recovering at home due to an injury. He spends his time observing the lives of people in the apartment building across the street through his eyes (i.e., the camera), but he accidentally discovers a murder case. Using the male protagonist's perspective and the process of peering through him, the director began to observe the scenes in each independent window at will, gradually discovering the inner context of each scene. The film promotes the development of the story through a series of plot lines and guides the audience to explore for themselves, forming a complete narrative. The film is just a medium, the lens is its carrier, and the director (narrator) is formal Use people's curiosity to let the audience explore and solve the mystery based on the existing plot.
Figure 2.24 The narrative of film and architecture, created by author.
Modern architect Zhang Yonghe once discussed the issue of architectural narrative based on the narrative of "Rear Window". He has always emphasized "experience" and taken into acount architectural experience as the starting point for design. He believes that the events that occur in the process of architectural spatial experience "scenery" is "landscape", that is, the use of windows to create scenery. Children can feel the changes between the windows as they walk around, creating a dynamic window scenery for children. By using a series of perspectives of the visual corridor change, a series of "story plots" is created, like a short film with rich content that explores the whole through local perspectives, which is similar to the way "Back Window" handles spatial narrative. In fact, this method is also used in classical Chinese gardens. It is more common, such as the gradual change of scenery in Suzhou gardens. During the visit, visitors can often experience unexpected surprises and have different perceptual experiences.
The architectural narrative space uses the language of architecture to express the stories that take place in the space. It can point to the spirit of a place. Buildings with a narrative character are usually monumental structures, such as the former residence of Shakespeare in Britain or the Jewish Museum in Berlin. Their purpose is to narrate the historical events or local incidents they bear and to present them to visitors, thus reproducing historical scenes and awakening visitors' memories.
Figure 2.25 the expression of architectural narrative space and the construction of space plot.
Similar to the use of montage techniques in film to reorganize and arrange the film space and then form a series of narratives, the narrative of the building is reflected in the design of the plot line of the space by the architect and the design of the internal space route by the user. The general story line is determined by the selectivity of the route in the process of experiencing the space and can be broadly divided into three categories: First, there is a single line of action, that is, the simplest line of action that contains only one form of spatial arrangement. The arrangement of the similar space is relatively clear. Visitors only need to focus on experiencing this plot line, but its narrative may be too monotonous and a little boring. The second is the parallel storyline based on a single storyline, and the third is that several parallel storylines appear in
the same room, which are displayed side by side in front of the visitors' eyes, but for the narrative, they both express the same room. The same architectural event inside.
The five senses inherent in human beings enable them to respond to the world, and they also influence human emotions. In this chapter, I will analyze all five senses in detail and learn how they function and how the five senses influence human emotions. How the five senses and the emotions meaningfully influence architectural design.
Figure3.1 human five senses and human emotion diagram.
Figure 3.2 human five senses and emotion of the project focus diagram
Figure 3.3 Visual diagram, created by author.
Vision as the most important sense of the human body. In Western culture, vision is usually ranked first among the five human senses, and human thought was also believed to be generated by the sense of sight. In ancient Greece, everything was based on the sense of sight.
Vision as the most important sense is also shown in the perspective drawing of ancient painting. Perspective pretends that the eyes are the center of the world, that everything starts from the eyes and disappears at one or two points. Perspective art becomes one of the most important means to describe and determine perception. In the Renaissance, light and fire were associated with the visual, hearing with air, smell with steam, taste with water, and touch with the ground.
In the last 30 years, when people pursued a mere façade and then caused architecture, visual centrism and they became the main design mainstream. The building was designed and sold with the help of advertising and superficiality, instead of being based on the human body and human needs. Architectures became visual products without deep and real emotions
Figure 3.4 The perspective skill drawing of western drawing, diagram create by author.
In history, most countries used architecture as a sign of power, economy and reinforcement of religious rules. Therefore, they usually use perspective and symmetrical arrangement to reinforce emotion in an architectural project. This was also the case in China. The most famous royal city, the Forbidden City, used the same layout for more than 200 years to reinforce the power of the royal family.
In the past, aesthetic centralization through perspective and symmetrical arrangement was always revered, as with emperors, divine figures (including Jesus), or other representations of power when depicted in paintings. However, I contend that there is a very different example in the long history of architecture, namely the Salk Institute. In this project, Louis I. Khan still used perspective and central arrangement, but he took out the central worship and made it disappear into the sea and sky. This was a fascinating attempt and experiment to break the old rules. It proved that architecture has more possibilities and can express more than previously thought.
Figure 3.6 The Salk institute symmetric layout, created by author.
Concurrently, another architect created an architecture beyond his contemporaries and conventions, as realized by the architect Le Corbusier in Notre-Dame du Haut in Ronchamp, France. He was the first to attempt to design a church with irregular shapes. In history, churches and cathedrals usually have a regular shape to represent the power of religion. However, in this project, Le Corbusier chose the pure free form and lighting to show the quality of space and the power of religion. And this attempt made the church a successful experiment in architectural design tradition. Later, more and more architects began to deconstruct modernism, which stands for power and strength, and tried it in different ways.
Figure 3.7 Qingming shang he ancient print storytelling, diagram created by author.
After the turn of the millennium, architectural technology has begun to allow people to do something that has a strong visual impact, especially after the year 2000. Frank Gehry, the representative of deconstructivism, developed a new computer that helped him realize his project. The main reason is that he tried to create an architecture with great visual impact, using very irregular shapes that had never been seen in the history of architecture. He tried to break the power of symmetry, which usually stands for power and strength, like the power of God or the power of government.
Zaha Hadid, who is usually called a paper architect before her first building was built, also tried to give people a different visual impression according to the style of deconstruction. She tried to generate the shape of the building by computer to avoid the human feeling and make the design according to the common sense, such as the symmetrical shape to increase the strength. Most of them use the curvilinear surface and fancy shape as the main method to design the architecture outside and inside, to create a new visual impression and challenge the old order that existed before, such as modernism.
3.8
On the other side of the world, in Asian culture. They also have our own ancient paintings. Their paintings use the cavalier perspective, a very unique perspective compared to Western paintings. The painting made with this technique has no focal point, so the creator could show more than one story in a single picture frame. Along the river during the Qingming Festival was the best among the thousand paintings of antiquity. This painting describes a frame during the Qingming Festival. People visit the cemetery to commemorate the family members who have already died, and then go to the market to play and buy things, so there is a popular frame in the painting. The painting is very long, so the artist draws the whole story from outside the city to inside the city, and includes hundreds of mini-stories. This is a big difference from the western paintings that tell only one story in a single frame.
However, there are a few architects who have tried to use this particular technique of perspective to create a different aspect of architecture. I found a studio called Zhuang Studio that uses the exact same painting I analyzed earlier. They tried to split the space in different places and angles so that the viewer has a different visual experience when walking through the architecture. In this way, only the cavalier perspective is reproduced in the image, but more is told. And this is a very interesting experiment
Figure 3.9 Qing Ming Shang He Tu Ancient Chinese Painting and relative architecture project.
Today, more and more artists and architects are taking on the challenge of pushing the boundaries of visual expression in architecture and interior design. They are using lighting, projectors, and interactive devices to test the limits and discover more possible channels.
The visual usually helps us identify and distinguish things. If we see something on the road, we will focus on it. Hearing, on the other hand, makes everything blend together; we hear the sounds from everywhere at once. And the visual is directed outward; we only see the outside world and observe it, whereas when we hear, we experience the inside of us. When we look at architecture, it does not respond to us, but when you make a sound, the architecture bounces back as an echo, a property that the visual does not have. In fact, hearing clearly conveys the experience and understanding of a space, but every now and then architects seem to overlook the importance of sound in the design of architecture. It is fair and can enhance the quality of a design to consider background music or appropriate acoustics as an extension of the visual. This practice complements the visual experience.
The eye is a solitary observer, but hearing creates a unifying and harmonious experience. When we look at the dark interior of a church, we feel uncomfortable, but when we hear the familiar sound, our mind immediately feels connected to that space. The different sound triggers a special memory in our brain. It takes us back to that time and place, like time travel. Thus sound has enormous potential to create a special experience in an architectural project.
Figure 3.12 the diagram shows the natural, human made and Jewish Museum sound, diagram created by author.
In the Jewish Museum, there is a corridor in the middle called the "Void."
As visitors pass through the corridor, they hear a crying sound in the background that reinforces the memory of the museum.
Humans can distinguish more than 10000 different tastes. And we remember a place by using the memory of taste. Sometimes you ask your parents if you remember a certain place or room. You may not remember what it looked like, but when you smell the scent of that particular room, all the memories are brought back to your brain. The sense of smell also has great potential to touch human memory. We can use it in many ways, for example, to create a taste museum.
Figure 3.14 Tactile definition, diagram created by author.
When we touch something, our skin can explain its texture, weight, density, and temperature. When we find a well-designed and manufactured device, we will try to touch it unconsciously. When we touch an object, we experience the external form of the object, and we also experience how time affects the object.
In addition, the sense of touch is connected to your memory. You will remember how the stone wall in the courtyard felt in your childhood. How the ceiling in your last flat. How your mother's skin felt. So the sense of touch is a trigger for a journey into the depths of our memory.
Figure 3.15 Tactile analysis diagram, diagram created by author.
The sense of touch is also the closest sense. When we touch a thing it means we trust it, it breaks the security distance, when we touch a person it is usually the people you trust. When we touch an object, it usually will not hurt us. So if we touch an object and it hurts us, you will remember it for a long time. When we design a space to be close to the user, we need to think about how we can play with their sense of touch, because that increases the memory value. The material is part of the combination in architecture. Each raw material has its own feel, the honest tangible feeling is another aspect to feel the architecture. Nowadays, however, more and more people choose fake materials for the sake of price, which deceive the eyes of viewers but make the
human hand dishonest. Architects also ignore the vernacular materials of the country, which is easier for the world of architecture and customers to buy.
Figure 3.16 Tactile analysis diagram, diagram created by author.
The sense of taste is the deepest sense of man, for it springs from our appetite. When we see something of different texture, we want to feel it with our mouth to taste it. Other senses also have a great influence on taste, because humans can only perceive 5 tastes in their mouths. The smell of food helps us to distinguish the type of a certain food, so the smell experience can be easily transferred to the taste experience. The same is true for visuals. Some colors and fine details can wake up our mouth and make us think of the taste of the food.
In restaurant design, we can use the relationship between the different senses to create a unique experience.
For this project, a World War II museum, I plan to create a place that helps people remember history, so the visual, auditory, and tactile aspects will be the main focus.
Figure 3.17 Emotion definition, diagram created by author.
As the human beings, we have 6 basic emotions there, happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise. Some of the theory will add guilt and contempt on. I will follow the 6-basic emotion in this theory. We can easily connect the 5 senses with the emotion what we have it. When we talk about happiness, we usually will focus on the visual, and taste.
Emotion is a psychological phenomenon mediated by the subject's needs and desires. Emotions have unique three components: physiological arousal, subjective experience and external manifestation. Meeting the needs and desires of the subject will cause positive and positive emotions, on the contrary it will cause negative and negative emotions.
Subjective experience is how individuals feel about different emotional states. Each emotion has a different subjective experience. They represent different feelings of people, such as happiness or pain, and constitute the psychological content of the emotion. Emotional experience is a subjective feeling. It is difficult to determine what the objective stimulus is to produce emotional experience, and different people may have different emotions to the same stimulus. Therefore, research on emotional experience generally uses self reporting methods
I asked my family members to do a interview, I showed them five different things which refer back to the human five senses, and asked them to score each of option. In order to digitization the combination of emotion, and find out which sense influent most.
In the visual, I prepare a landscape photograph.
In the Auditory, I prepare the first music in each people phone play list. In the Smell, I prepare a perfume.
In the taste, I prepare the favorite food of each people. In the Tangible, I prepare a well design gadget for them
Table 3.1 table of happiness experiment and definition.
Visually and tastefully, our appetite is stimulated, we feel satisfied, we feel happiness. For example, when we look at the great view of the earth, we feel satisfied and happy, and therefore we will travel to other places, even if the most difficult place blocks the way for people to get there. This satisfaction is the biggest motivation that makes us start the journey. And we buy a ticket to a movie because we seek the visual thrill. We love to see the beautiful body of a man or woman, so many people strive to have a fit body. In this way, images connect with our emotions. When we talk about taste, we often associate it with happiness. We love to eat because the human body needs to be constantly supplied with energy from the outside world, so when we eat, our body releases a signal that gives us feelings of happiness.After we feel feelings of happiness, we will continue to eat. In this way, taste triggers our basic emotions. Other senses also influence our feelings of happiness, but they are not as obvious as the senses of sight and taste.
Sadness is one of the earliest emotions a human feels, and it is also an emotion that humans perceived early on. It is commonly believed that sadness is an emotional response caused by separation, loss, and failure. Hearing is one of the senses that usually activate the emotion of sadness in our lives. When we hear different sounds, memories are evoked, but most of them are sad. For example, we humans like to listen to music, and most of the music in the world represents the loss and failure in our life, this music tries to remember the failure and loss? When we listen to the music, it will resonate in us and make us feel sadness.
In the visual realm, I prepare a film about emotions without sound.
In the auditory area, I prepare the same movie about emotions without a picture.
In the smell area, I prepare some smells that make me sad, like mud after a downpour.
In the taste area, I prepare the food of the members when they were young.
In the Tangible area, I prepare the clothes of a deceased family member.
Table 3.2 table of sadness experiment and definition.
Anxiety is a state of human and biological mental activity; it is usually referred to as a type of emotion. Fear refers to a strong depressive emotional experience that people experience when they face a certain dangerous situation and try to get out of it but cannot do anything. This is a strong emotion that affects us, our sense of sight, hearing and smell are activated by this emotion. When we are afraid, we are usually in a dangerous situation and our body tries to perform at its best so that all our senses work well.
In the visual realm, I prepare a horror movie without sound.
In the auditory realm, I prepare the same movie without a picture.
In the olfactory area, I prepare some blood.
In the gustatory area, I prepare food when they cover their eyes.
In the tangible area, I prepare a blind man's game for them.
Table 3.3 table of fear experiment and definition.
Anger is a strongly emotional state of mind, which usually includes discomfort and hostile reactions to the individual's provocation, threat, or injury. Visual as the main trigger to activate anger. When we are looking at somethings make us discomfort, we will anger and ignore others feeling, we will forget the smell of that time, the sound of that time. therefore, anger emotion would be the easiest emotion control by others, because it just needs a visual test, like after you watch some images you will feeling anger.
In the visual, I prepare a short film of racism without sound
In the Auditory, I prepare the same film of racism without picture.
In the Smell, I prepare stimulate liquid.
In the taste, I prepare the hated food of each people.
In the Tangible, I prepare a scare box for them.
Table 3.4 table of anger experiment and definition.
Disgust is an emotional reaction to something that is offensive or unpleasant. And the senses of sight and smell are the most important system. When we see or smell something unpleasant, it is deeply imprinted in our memory so that we will avoid it the next time.
Surprise refers to the expression people show when they hear something shocking or unbelievable. Usually people with a surprised expression are in a state of fear or anxiety about how to react, so you usually need to calm down at this time. This emotion is related to taste and touch because these two senses are closest to us. For example, when we see a food outside a restaurant, it looks and maybe smells good. However, if we do not touch it or taste it, we will never know anything about it. So the senses of taste and touch can be used as tools to surprise us.
This chapter addresses siting and the process used to derive the potential site. This was done using site selection criteria and in conjunction with an analysis of the selected sites. Finally, the scoring system is used to determine the site with the best score.
For the museum site, there are several characteristics that are critical to the final selection. I have divided them into two broad types: The first is a cultural site, and the second is a scenic site.
Yunnan Province is located in southwest China, and the plateau is the main landscape there. Therefore, Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, is surrounded by mountains. The mountains keep out most of the harsh weather and provide Kunming with the best climatic conditions even in the world qualification system.
Figure 4.1 Yunnan province and Kunming location analysis diagram, created by author.
Kunming city is divided into 4 districts by a river and 4 roads. Xishan district is located in the mountains next to Kunming city. Panlong district has the longest history in Kunming's history, which includes many historical buildings. Wuhua District houses a modern urban landscape with offices and a large shopping center. Guandu district is the largest district, which also contains Kunming's high-tech development area, it is the city's industrial area.
The location for the cultural base is in the downtown area of the city. In Kunming, there is a small man-made lake in the center of the city called Cui Hu Lake. Most of the historical buildings surround the lake, including Jiang wu tang School, one of the most famous military schools during World War II, which trained many soldiers and officers and became an important and vital pillar in the fight against the Japanese invaders. The most famous university also located in this area. It was founded during World War II when the Japanese captured the major cities on the seacoast, such as Beijing and Shanghai, and
the government decided to move the important university to Kunming. Yunnan university is the predecessor of this famous university. The famous revolutionary during World War II taught in this college. Therefore, this is a good opportunity to build a museum about World War II so that people can remember this history.
Figure 4.3 Downtown area analysis diagram of Kunming city, diagram created by author.
The landscape base site will locate in the countryside around a big lake next to Kunming. This lake called Dian Lake. Dian-Chi also called Kunming Lake, Kunming Pool,Ancient Wu Nun Ze, located in the southwest of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, is the largest plateau in Yunnan. Lake altitude 1886 meters. The shape is like a stomach shape. The bottom of the lake. Northern Haiyu Lake Dike said, "grass sea", south called "outside the sea". Kunming local people usually spend the weekend time come to the lake, running, relaxing, picnic and doing the football training. The lake also tunes the weather of Kunming, because the lake tuning, Kunming have the best weather condition in China, even around the world. We have the deep emotion with this lake,
many people choose the graveyard around the lake, because people want to long sleep around the beautiful landscape. The mountain also an important element of the landscape. We usually call the mountain Xi Shan Mountain. Kunming Xishan is called Biyashan, located in Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, is a general name of Biyan, Huating, Taihua, Luohan Mountain, 15 kilometers from Kunming City. The north is from the sun, south to Haikou, along the West Coast along the West Bank. Big Buddha or beauty, like a mountain shape, but also known as "hills" or "sleeping beauty". The highest peak Rohan Peak is 2511 meters above sea level. The forest is dense, and there is a wide variety of plants, and Xishan Forest Park is built.
4.4
Based on the two strategies, there are 4 sites was choosing as the candidate of the museum project. And I try to use the 13 different criteria to evaluating the different site, scoring them, finally get the most suitable site.
Based on these two strategies, 4 sites were selected as candidates for the museum project. And I to assess and evaluate the different sites based on 13 different criteria to finally find the most suitable site.
1. rich historical background: as a museum designer, I chose the historical background as the most important criterion in the evaluation, because the site will greatly enhance the cultural background of the project. When we overlay the design, the site, architecture and historical background will be integrated together. The harmonious design will provide people with a better memory point, so that they have a deep memory of the history, architecture and exhibition.
2. The loose density of surrounding buildings: in this project, the density of surrounding buildings is another important point, because sometimes the cultural building needs a large open space so that people can take pictures without any restrictions. If the building is in the middle of crowds, people will not be able to take photos from the other side.
3.The condition of the green areas: This work is mainly about the landscaping in this project. It is expected that the landscape of the project can become a public garden and park for the city residents, because the good green condition of the existing site has a lot of potential for landscaping.
4. With economic conditions: As an important cultural architecture, the project will help the local society to improve the local economic conditions, so the current local financial situation should be evaluated.
5. The availability of supporting facilities: The museum project needs some supporting facilities, such as water supply, electricity supply, waste disposal and some others.
6. Noise conditions: The noise conditions are considered in the design because if the environment of the museum is surrounded by noise, itwill distract the attention of visitors. Therefore, the noise environment is an important evaluation point.
7. The view of the lake: since Kunming has Dian Chi Lake in the city, the view of the lake is a plus point for the project.
8. the view of the mountain: the same condition as the view of the lake, the mountain surrounds Kunming city, so the view of the mountain is also a plus point.
9. Apart from the view of the city: this is the negative side of the view of the lake and the mountain. If the site has a view of the city, it means that it is in the city center, and this is another option of the project.
10. the accessibility of the site: the accessibility of the site decides the main entrance, the access road and the location of the parking lot, it is an important point in the jungle.
11. Microclimate: based on the landscape design, I hope the landscape part will act as a public garden. If the site microclimate is already good, it will improve the site experience, such as temperature.
12. Easy access to the main community: the distance to the main community has an impact on tourists' access to the museum and also on the economic situation of the local society.
13. the distance to the main viewpoint of the city: this point is similar to the distance to the main community; it affects the ability of tourists and locals to visit the project and the finances of the locals.
Figure 4.5 Site I basic information and analysis diagram, diagram created by author.
This site is located in the middle of the city, next to Cui Hu Lake. Long ago, in the Qing era, this small lake was a small lake outside the city next to Dian Chi Lake, then the water level dropped and the city center was moved near the small lake. The site is located on the upper side of the small lake. On the site, there is an ancient architecture that belonged to a former government official of the Qing era. This ancient architecture offers great potential for transfer and renovation to the entrance of the project, and also gives me the opportunity to combine the ancient old architecture with the new museum design. To the south of the site is the northern entrance to the public park of Cui Hu Lake. This provides an opportunity to encourage people who choose to visit the public park to also visit the museum.
1.surrounded by the historical architecture.
2.In the center of the city.
3.Proper size
4.Short distance to main community area
Weaknesses:
1.surrounding building density is high
2.supporting facility is poor
3.microclimate worse than countryside.
4.Lack of lake and mountain view.
Opportunities:
1.old architecture located in the site, could transfer to the main entrance.
2.Entrance of the public park located in the south of the site, people flow will have potential
1.the traffic condition hard to solve
2.hard to renovation the old architecture in the site
This location is next to one of the famous public parks called Da Guan Lou Park in Kunming. The name of the park refers to an old building inside the park, a triple jealous traditional Yunnan building. The site was surrounded by vacant land and land that cannot be built on. The site is also located in the northern corner of Dian Chi Lake. People like to spend their weekend leisure time in the public park and surrounding recreation facilities.
The project has the potential to be located in this site; the environmental conditions are much better compared to the city center. In addition, there is a beautiful view of the mountains from here. However, there is no view of the lake from here, even in the immediate vicinity of the lake. And the economic conditions in the area are not good. The cultural background is not as rich as in the city.
Strengths:
1. wide open space.
2. Cultural architecture surrounding.
3. Huge tourist flow next to the site
Weaknesses:
1. lack of the supporting facility.
2. Environment condition is not good.
3. Next to the lake without lake view.
Opportunities:
1. the cultural could drive the local economic.
2. The microclimate has the potential to be good.
Threats:
1. Threat by the flood sometimes.
2. Site hard to access.
3. Wind condition.
This site is located on the shore of Dian Chi Lake, just a few kilometers from the city center and surrounded by high end residences such as individual villas. At some distance, there is a cultural village called Fu-Bao village. Inside is a water amusement park, the first amusement park in Kunming. When I was young, my parents usually took me there to spend leisure time.
This place offers the opportunity to visit the museum because it is located in an upscale residential area where people often spend money on cultural products.
1. The environment condition is good
2. Noise condition is good
3. Green condition is good
Weaknesses:
1. next to the lake without lake view
2. without cultural architect or background
3. size of the site out of proportion.
1.the cultural could drive the local economic.
2.The microclimate have the potential to be good.
1. site hard to access
2. far away from the city
3. flood threat during the raining season
4. wind condition.
This site is also located on the shore of Dian Chi Lake, surrounded by medium-sized settlements. There are two 5-star upscale hotels not far away, with good shopping facilities. The site is located directly on the Dian Chi Lake and offers a magnificent view of the lake - this is the biggest advantage of the site.
However, the environmental conditions, accessibility of the site, cultural background and microclimate do not really meet expectations.
1. the site next to lake and having lake view
2. economical condition is good
3. having the fair mountain view
4. short distance to main viewpoint of the city
Weaknesses:
1. surrounding building density high because of residential area
2. lack of the history background
Opportunities:
1. microclimates have potential to be nice
2. site accessibility is fine
3. green condition is good
Threats:
1. far away from the city
2. flood threat during the raining season
3. wind condition.
Table 4.1 Final points and site selection.
After the evaluation, the final site will be the site I Site synthesis for the selected site I at Cui Hu Lake, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Based on the marked criteria, site I was selected. As a potential site, it offered several possibilities for the project. These ideas and motives are discussed in the analytical site synthesis in 5 points.
1. approach. There is an old Qing-era building on the site. This building is located on the north side of the site next to the road. This old building is a beautiful and natural entrance for tourists and will help them to approach the main building. And it also helps the project to harmonize with the surrounding buildings.
2.Zoning: since the entrance of Cui Hu Public Park is located in the south of the site and tourists often pass through the site, the zoning must take into account the flow of people and make people walk past the main function.
3.Opening. Due to the location of the site, the main building will have two side openings, one facing the public park and one facing the main road, to attract people inside the building and provide an interesting view.
4) Connection and Transition. By opening to the north and south, the site will serve the function of opening to the public park. Therefore, the design of the footpaths on the site is necessary and important.
5.Green space. Based on the design concept, the landscape will be a part of the public park. Therefore, the design of the green space should be well thought out while conveying the serious atmosphere of the war.
4.4 Building laws and regulations.
Building laws and regulations. The construction of the building will be in accordance with Chinese regulations and laws.
Table 4.2 Climate zone and sun light hours law and regulation.
This project 'WWII Memorial Museum' is about creating an architecture that not only fulfills the functions of education or providing information about the wars, but also an architecture that conveys deep meaning to the users. The design employed the methods of meaning-making, the techniques of which were derived from a number of case studies, particularly the state of the art museum of today as well as the outstanding memorial that is internationally renowned. In my research, I found that memorial museums place more emphasis on the integration and harmony of the exhibition and the architecture itself compared to ordinary history or modern art museums.
In general museum design, architecture usually plays the second role, because the architecture must follow the exhibition context. Modern art museums, for example, usually have to provide a huge empty space for displaying performance art or devices, where architects may not really design creatively. And for a normal history museum, architects must provide a dark, dry, and evenly humid space for the treasures of long history. But all kinds of museums need to provide a large storage space, research and development space for the storage and repair of the rare and expensive treasures.Therefore, the program and room design are usually specified in the normal museum design.
In this thesis, however, the design of the memorial museum, the arrangement of the rooms, and the program are considered without any qualification. The architecture usually plays the first role in showing the culture and promoting the users' memory of history. The architecture could provide a flexible program and more design space. You can even dedicate an entire room to contemplation, set up a long corridor to show all the women who were murdered in Europe during the Middle Ages, or put up a grid of massive columns to represent the victims of the World War II in Garman. The entire program and the space serve the theme of history. The architects can create a typical atmosphere inside the room, even evoking a sense of sadness and
oppression, because they want visitors to feel the weight of history and visit the exhibition with respect for history. The memorial usually also includes an educational program, for example, an auditorium for presentations, an educational center with a classroom and a library.
The program, room layout and atmosphere differ between the normal museum design and the special history design.
5.1
Jewish Museum as the main case study, I also examined the program of this museum. In the basement, the museum offers a huge storage space for the exhibits and also an educational center for young students to understand and remember the cruel history. A connecting corridor has also been established in the basement to link the main functional building, the historical building and the landscape park. From the second to the third floor, the exhibition room occupies most of the space, but it also contains the toilet, the side room and the vertical
transport. On the top floor of the building is space for the office of the entire museum.
Table 5.1 Jewish Museum program table.
In addition to Jewsh Mesum, the second case study is the Jiang Shan Martyrs Memorial Museum, which is an outstanding example of representative design in China. The design methodology, programming, space planning and layout are rightly a case for study, research and understanding.
On the ground floor, the functional layout is based on the methodology of openness. Due to the different heights, the architecture designs a green staircase landscape, a memorial forest, a memorial corridor, a peace tower and a square. The architect hopes that the second floor of the building will become a public space for daily life and that the memorial will have the opportunity to enter people's lives. The project also includes a cemetery. People could come here to visit and remember their loved ones who have already died. And the cemetery also improves the atmosphere of the whole project.
On the second floor, the architect plans an exhibition function and a square memorial room.
On the third floor, the main entrance would be on the east side. The public garden is also located on this level
This is a small size project compare to the Jewish Museum, but it still provide the very nice program and layout inspiration.
Table 5.2 Jiang Shan martyr memorial museum program table.
Figure 5.2 Jiang Shan martyr memorial museum exterior and interior perspective, diagram created by author.
The third case study is the WWII Memorial Museum in New Orleans, USA. In this project, the architects plan to house all exhibition functions on the first floor. These include a special exhibitions pavilion, a theater pavilion, a Louisiana pavilion, a campaign pavilion, a liberation pavilion, a land, water and air pavilion, and a collections pavilion. In the center of the building, the architect created a large open space as a courtyard.
On the second floor, the architect has placed some multi functions. The restaurant and canteen are located on the west side of the building. The theater provides a space for the museum to show historical films or real footage. The foyer offers a large open space where tourists can relax and take a break. The third floor is the supporting floor. Office and technical room are the main program of the floor
Table 5.3 WWII memorial museum program table.
This WWII memorial museum is expected to receive 5,000-8,000 visitors per day. The programming and structuring of the space is based on the estimated number of visitors. The target users will be divided into 4 different types:
1. young local children to learn and understand the history.
2. young children from other provinces to learn and understand the history and culture of Yunnan Province.
3. local families to spend their leisure time on weekends.
4. foreign tourists to learn and study the history of Yunnan Province and China in World War II.
Nowadays, history teaching is becoming more and more important for young students to understand the history of this dark period. Therefore, the memorial museum would be of great benefit to the young students. Besides, the history of World War II has been forgotten in China, Germany has apologized for its behavior for 70 years, but the Japanese have not apologized to China once. Therefor the museum becomes a sign to remind foreigners to see and learn the history.
Figure 5.4 target user analysis diagram, diagram created by author.
Figure 5.5 Organization Structure and Classification diagram, diagram created by author.
This project will have its organization functioning structured based on example from existing memorial museum. It will have 5 main divisions which is administrative team, educational team, repair and storage team, service team, security team.
Figure 5.6 Activity analysis diagram, diagram created by author.
The programming for the WWII memorial museum has been deduced base on the
1.history period of WWII of Yunnan province story narrative of the soldier life from life to sacrifices.
2. The old existing building in the site
3. The potential axis in the site
Based on the study of the program, the project is divided into three spaces sequences and here are the programs of each space.
Figure 5.7 First building program list, created by author.
This building will include the contact with the Second Sino Japanese War and the information before and after the Sino Japanese War, especially the Chinese Civil War.
Each exhibition room will be divided into an exhibition of items and an information exhibition to clearly show and present the different items.
5.4.2 Second building program.
Figure 5.8 Second building program list, created by author.
This space will make contact with the history of the Sino- Indian campaign and the Chinese expeditionary forces. The exhibition space will be divided according to the different war campaigns to show the historical information and items based on the timeline of the war. And the circulation will be the exhibition space for the Yunnan Burma highway, connecting the different areas of the program.
5.4.3 Third building program.
Figure 5.9 Third building program list, created by author.
This space will include the content of the Sino Thailand War and the history of the 'Flying Tiger' aviation group. The exhibition space will be divided into a space for objects and a space for information based on the exhibits and information.
Figure 5.10 Design methodology diagram, created by author.
Table 5.4 Program list of the project.
The main aim of the design is to be inspired by the movies. There are three movies that influence the design project: 'Arrival', 'Dune' and '2001 A Space Odyssey'.
In the first movie, 'Arrival,' nine spaceships arrive on Earth. These nine spaceships are huge and hover in mid air. They look like a lump of rock with a smooth, curved surface with no opening. In the beginning, people did not know what was the reason for the aliens' visit. Therefore, people who lived in different places on Earth discovered other spaceships in many places of the world. After many years of contact and communication with the aliens in their spaceships, people began to know that the aliens had come to Earth to announce the fate of human beings because human civilization would perish due to mass destruction caused by other aliens. When I finished the film, I realized that the spaceship has a similar function to the museum of human beings. Our museum is the proclamation mission that helps save the human race by teaching the new generation the lessons of history so that they do not repeat the mistakes of the past.
Figure 6.1 Arrival movie poster.
In this part, the concept from the science fiction movie 'BDO' is introduced.
Bing Dumb Object, or we called it 'The great dumb object'. As the name suggests, this object in the movie was oversized compared to man-made things.
"The giant silent object." The term refers to a class of objects often found in science fiction: large, mysterious objects with incredible power. These objects are often made not by humans but by aliens, or their origin is unknown.
BDO object has three characteristics:
1. It is "manufactured" (not a natural product), but not "man made"
2. Its maker will not appear
3. It is big enough, usually is a closed and silent object.
"We can grasp large magnitudes with numbers, but there is no way to grasp them with pictorial imagination... Think how much light can go once around the earth in a second, how much can you travel in a year?
If we really live on this large scale, it's hard to bear. Science fiction tries to make us aware of this size and visualize it.
Figure 6.2 Screen shot from Dune movie.
Compared to "Arrival," the spaceship in "Dune" is larger.At the beginning of the film, the spherical spaceship lands on Kaladan and brings the appointment of the Emperor to theAtreid family. The gangway has been opened, and only those who squint their eyes can see the messenger walking down the red carpet.
The spaceship that Paul took with his family to the sand dunes was too large to be seen.
The spaceship that brought Paul and his family to the sand dunes was too big to be seen. The huge ring shaped hull floats in deep space and the little dots flying out of the hull are all passengers on that spaceship. In the original book, all the Atreid family ships occupy only one corner of the Astronautical Union spaceship.
In the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey. The black stone represents the cutting edge technology of the aliens.
"The four sides are square and sharp, and there are no lines on the surface. It's impossible to tell if it's stone, metal, plastic or something else that humans do not know about."
The side to length ratio is exactly 1:4:9, which is an understatement that relentlessly reveals the extreme geometry beyond the reach of human technology.
Based on the three different films, I have tried to make three different proposals for the presentation of the project.
Figure 6.4 Proposal I design and analysis diagram, diagram from author.
In the first attempt, the architecture was box shaped, but with a special feature. The first proposal was inspired by the black stone that represents the work inside the project. However, from the outside, the building still looks wired
and attracts tourists inside to discover the contents. In this proposal, the different areas have a different design based on the emotions I want to represent to better illustrate the story. The facade design was inspired by the special landscape of Yunnan province, the Stone Forest. However, in this proposal, the visual impact of the building is not enough to attract tourists inside.And the structure of the building would affect the space presentation. Therefore, I finally decided against this proposal.
In the second proposal, the parametric design was chosen to improve the appearance from the outside. First, three boxes were placed on the site as volumes and approached with the water simulator from all four sides to obtain the outline of the building. After three different lines were created, the particle simulator was used as a design method to obtain the detail line for the shape of the building. By changing a series of different data and parameters in the particle simulator, the three different outlines and shapes were formed and proposed as the main shape of the building. By analyzing the interior design, the second option was used as the result. The shape of the building also refers to the movie 'Arrival', in which the spaceship lands in the center of Kunming and attracts tourists to the interior of the building.
However, the parametric design of the proposal is not really based on the logical design, especially the water simulator process. And the external shape of the building also makes the interior difficult to use and plan. So in the end, I decided to abandon the design.
In the final proposal, attention was paid to the logic of parametric design, interior planning, visual identity and harmony of the site will be the important aspects of the project.
Programmatically, at the beginning, the zoning diagram with the functional (bubble) diagram and the anchor of the parametric design was a primary point.
Figure 6.6 Zoning and parametric design prepare diagram, diagram from author.
At the end of this process, the zoning of the building was created to serve as an anchor for the next step of parametric design.
Figure 6.7 Parametric design processes diagram, diagram from author.
In the parametric design step, the particle system of Blender was developed by changing the different parameters and time to get a different result.
Figure 6.8 Parametric design processes diagram II, diagram from author.
At the end of this step, the outline of the building is created based on the interior anchor.
Step by step, change the bubble to the concrete exhibition space.
Figure 6.9 Zoning design diagram I, diagram from author.
Figure 6.10 Zoning design diagram II, diagram from author.
Figure 6.11 Concept analysis diagram, diagram from author.
A temporary exhibition hall will be set up on the second floor, where temporary activities can take place.
On the upper floor, the building will be divided into three parts, each exhibiting a main theme of the project.
Three design languages are used for the design. First, the breaking wall, which combined with the broken wall, the shape of the edge and the angle gives people a sense of instability.
Second, the bomb ship. I tried to use the bomb ship as a design language. In the previous design, the ship was the floor of the exhibition hall. But in this proposal, the space was painted, so the same design language is used on the roof of an exhibition space.
Third, the bullet hole. When looking at the design of the door and the opening of the building, it was found that the bullet hole hitting the surface creates an interesting shape. So the irregular circle was chosen as the opening of the building and also the door.
Figure 6.12 Explosion diagram, diagram from author.
In the structure, the wall system and the 3D truss system will be the main system of the building. The 3D truss system is used on the exterior facade and interior walls to hold the large and irregular shaped wooden structure wall.
And the wall system will be the main system of the interior. The wall system will create a column free space for exhibition. If the important space contains a column, the atmosphere inside will be destroyed. Therefore, I choose the wall system, even though it has many disadvantages, such as the room is solid compared with the column system.
Figure 6.13 Structure design detail diagram, diagram from author.
Figure 6.15 Ground floor plan, drawing by author.
Figure 6.16 Second floor plan, drawing by author.
Figure 6.17 Third floor plan, drawing by author.
Figure 6.18 Third floor plan, drawing by author.
Figure 6.19 Rooftop floor plan, drawing by author.
Figure 6.26 Bird view perspective, created by author.
Figure 6.27 Exterior perspective, created by author.
Figure 6.30 orridor perspective, created by author.
Figure 6.31 Exhibition room perspective, created by author.
Figure 6.32 Second exhibition room perspective, created by author.
Figure 6.33 Special program perspective, created by author.
Figure 6.34 Third exhibition room perspective, created by author.
This design started with human emotions and the five senses of human, but during the design process, I comprehensively delved into the history of my hometown.
It is important for young generation to understand and remember history as they move on with their lives. And the project also helped me learn more about the topography of Yunnan Province and Kunming City.
From the Hump Airline to the Yunnan-Burma Highway, from the Tiger Aviation Group to the Sino Japanese War, all this history shows me a different feeling and makes me understand something different.
In the part about human's five senses, I focus on the sense of sight, the sense of hearing and the sense of touch as the main object of analysis. For the visual part, I started with two different painting techniques, perspective drawing and cavalier perspective. I analyze how it influences the design of architecture and compare the differences between Western and Eastern cultures. In the auditory part, I analyze two different sounds, the nature sound and the city sound. And I analyze how the different sounds can be used in an architectural project. In the tactile part, I analyze the different material textures that give a different feeling and how to use them in architecture.
In the part about human emotions, I focus on four different emotions, namely happiness, anger, sadness and fear. I have tried to analyze, with the help of the questionnaire, which senses influence the typical emotion the most.
In the part about site selection and analysis, I scientifically analyzed and compared the four different sites and selected the site with the highest score as the final site.
In the design phase, I tried different designs, from interior design to exterior design to landscape design. Parametric design is the first technology I have never used, which is a big challenge. I still need to learn more about how to set up the correct and logical process for designing the exterior form for interior design as well.
The result of the interior design is that the different spaces convey different emotions to the tourists. The interactive design provided five sensory experiences for tourists throughout the project.
Through the design, I learned how to approach design from the perspective of people, emotions, and the five senses. Programming and planning the museum was a big challenge where I learned a lot.
Yuan Jia Gu (1935) The big events of Yunnan history. Page 57 99
Yunnan history Wikipedia Web. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%86%E5% 8F%B2
Yunnan history Wikipedia Web. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%8E%86%E5% 8F%B2
Ancient Dian country Baidu Encyclopedia Web: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BB%87%E5%9B%BD/10757312?fromtitle =%E5%8F%A4%E6%BB%87%E5%9B%BD&fromid=7591416
Zhang Xue Ying (2019) Architecture personality handbook. Page1 11
Jialin Ke and JungKyoon Yoon (2020) Design for Breathtaking Experiences: An Exploration of Design Strategies to Evoke Awe in Human Product Interactions
Venkata Rama Kiran Badam (2005) AN ARCHITECTURE FOR MODELING EMOTIONS AND PERSONALITY
TO SIMULATE HUMAN INTERACTIONS. Page32-54
PeterZumthor(2012)SteilnesetMemorialWeb: http://www.chinabuildingcentre.com/show 6 wit1910 1.html
Frank Lloyd Wright (1959) Guggenheim Museum Archdaily Web
https://www.archdaily.cn/cn/873316/adjing-dian-suo-luo-men-star-r-star-gugen hai mu bo wu guan fu lan ke star lao ai de star lai te
Case Study - Jewish Museum Berlin by Stephen Andenmatten
https://issuu.com/stephenandenmatten/docs/casestudy
Jewish Museum Berlin Archidaily webpage
https://www.archdaily.cn/cn/928617/adjing dian bo lin you tai ren bo wu guan studio libeskind?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
Flying tiger wikipeida webpage.
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%99%8E%E9%9A%8A
The indestructible Flying Tigers science , Da guan yuan https://doc.paperpass.com/journal/20121008kxdgy.html#origin=9
Flying tiger Baidupeida webpage. https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%97%E6 %84%BF%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%98%9F/55764405?fromtitle=%E 9%A3%9E%E8%99%8E%E9%98%9F&fromid=9050
The Hump Route: The Miracle of World War II Airlift History, Zhao can dong https://doc.paperpass.com/journal/19960062zxlsjxck.html
The Hump airline Wikipedia webpage https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%BC%E5%B3%B0%E8%88%AA%E 7%BA%BF
The Hump airline Baidupedia webpage
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%A9%BC%E5%B3%B0%E8%88%AA%E7 %BA%BF/1557858
Centennial Wujiaba airport, Yin xiao jun, Mi qiang hai hua zi https://doc.paperpass.com/journal/20120139qnyshz.html
Wujiaba airport Wikipedia webpage https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%AB%E5% AE%B6%E5%9D%9D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C% BA
Wujiaba airport Baidupedia webpage
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%98%86%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%AB%E5% AE%B6%E5%9D%9D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C% BA?fromtitle=%E5%B7%AB%E5%AE%B6%E5%9D%9D%E6%9C%BA%E5 %9C%BA&fromid=6188741
Construction and Management of the Burma Highway during the Second Sino Japanese War, dong kai https://doc.paperpass.com/journal/20120063sxshkxlc.html
Dian mian highway Wikipedia webpage https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%87%E7%BC%85%E5%85%AC%E8% B7%AF
Dian mian highway Baidupedia webpage https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BB%87%E7%BC%85%E5%85%AC%E8 %B7%AF/4422513
A study on the intertextuality between the narrative of Ming and Qing novels and the management of garden space in the south of the Yangtze River, Zhang heng, Li li http://www.scicat.cn/11/zxshkxlw/20190117/250267.html