SOUTH MELBOURNE - SOUTHBANK - DOMAIN INTERCHANGE
THINKING SOUTH
the Heart of the South; the gateway to Melbourne’s future
Michelle Jia Mei Xu 635683 _ ABPL30060 Urban Precinct Studio _ Assignment 3.2 _ SM2, 2015
Acknowledgements Academic Staff Raju MAZUMDAR David O’REILLY
Group Members of THINKING SOUTH For collaborative data collection, research, analysis and design 505457 Aron GAVIN 638560 Georgie STRACHAN 636756 Tara BEWLEY 635683 Michelle Jia Mei XU
Graphical References The following graphical references and images included in this Precinct Structure Plan which have been taken or created by Michelle Jia Mei Xu will not have a reference note. In the case where graphics were created or contributed by others, this will be sourced to indicate the original creators and editors. Graphics created and contributed by the THINKING SOUTH members will be referenced as follows: AG - Aron GAVIN GS - Georgie STRACHAN TB - Tara BEWLEY MX - Michelle Jia Mei XU
Further References
Further references to the document, statistics, theories and case studies mentioned in this Precinct Structure Plan are acknowledged in the appendix of this document.
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ABPL30060 Urban Precinct Studio _ Assignment 3.2 _ SM2, 2015
3
Contents
page
1 Introduction 7 1.1 Methods to Deliver the Plan 8 9 1.2 Logo 1.3
Precinct Overview Strategic Context
Location Boundaries Photo Context
Statistical Analysis
10 11 12
13
Population Socio Demographics Economics and Employment Housing Density
13 14 15 16
Road Network Connectivity at a Broader Scale Public Transport Network Bicycle Network Key Connections and Activity Areas
17 18 19 20 21
Natural Environment Landmarks Land Use Heritage Overlay Community Infrastructure Character
22 23 24 25 26 27
1.4
Technical Assessment: Connectivity, Access and Movement
1.5
Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
1.6
2
Technical Assessment: Elements to Address
Precinct Structure Plan
2.1 Issues
Contextual Problems Potential Future Issues Observed Constraints
4
10
page 32 2.2 Vision 33 2.3 Conceptual Framework, Themes and Objectives 34 2.4 Opportunities Overall Opportunities 34 Arts Precinct Affordability Connectivity All Age Friendly Greening Revitalisation
2.5 Development 2.6 Access and Movement 2.7 Public Space
3
Urban Design Framework
4 Implementation 4.1
Strategic Directions
28
Overall Table Implementation Timeline / Schedule of Action
29
4.2 Conclusion 4.3 Appendix 4.4 Figure Index
30 30 31
36 37 38 39 40 41
42 51 58
68
74 75 75 76
77 78 79
Document Structure The structure plan is organised into three chapters as outlined below.
1
Introduction
This chapter explains the purpose and context of the structure plan.
2
The Plan
Themes
Development
Development
Strategic Directions
a brief summary of the strategic area of interest will be given
D.01 integrate the precinct’s land use, transport and activity D.02 promote Clarendon Street as a key retail and residential spine D.03 integrate mixed use and affordable housing opportunities D.04 preserve the precinct’s heritage and neighbourhood character D.05 enhance and expand key arts district D.06 develop Sturt Street as a retail area and link
various strategies are given to achieve the intent of the precinct
the strategies for how land is to be used and developed
Access and Movement
the strategies for vehicle access, public transport, walking and cycling
Strategic Directions A.01 grade separation of pedestrian, cycling and public transport movement along Kings Way A.02 develop pedestrian and cycling connections between precinct districts with supporting facilities A.03 improve public transport network and supporting infrastructure within and extending out of the precinct A.04 develop York, Dorcas and Park Street as major east west active transport links
This chapter sets out the essence of the plan; its visions, objectives and strategies.
3
Implementation
This chapter provides a range of actions and priorities needed to give effect to the strategies of the plan.
Strategic Directions
Overview
Strategies structure plan
Corresponding Strategic Directions
the strategic directions are interrelated and these associations will be highlighted as references
Implementation Schedule
Implementation Actions Policy P Research R
D
Design & Build
Public Spaces
Advocacy A
Strategic Directions
Timeframe Priority
the strategies for public areas including streets and park land
P.01 develop Kings Way as a public and community space destination with a vibrant streetscape P.02 optimise space beneath the Westgate Freeway to soften urban infrastructure P.03 promote inclusive community hubs which foster connectivity, community and public transport P.04 enhance and create green links throughout the precinct P.05 strengthen the identity and cohesion of the precinct through urban art, signs and landmarks
S
M
L
Short Term (1 - 5 yrs) Medium Term (5 - 10 yrs) Long Term (10 - 25 yrs)
Ongoing O
5
Process to Prepare the Precinct Structure Plan
Set the Scene
Creating the Precinct Structure
Make the Place
Check the Plan is Deliverable
research the existing public transport network of Melbourne
define the precinct boundary
community engagement and consultation
design development framework and strategic directions; implementation schedule
define potential addition and extension to existing public transport network
technical assessments and statistical analysis
issues and opportunities paper
determine a transport interchange point
6
Introduction
7
Methods to Deliver the Plan
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GROWTH CONNECTIVITY DIVERSITY
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D
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R
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t future gr
th
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s oc i
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Through this plan, THINKING SOUTH will focus on six key themes of CONNECTIVITY; the ARTS PRECINCT; AFFORDABILITY; ALL AGE FRIENDLY; GREENING; and REVITALISATION to enhance the precinct to become a place which unites growth, connectivity and diversity.
b l e li v
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THINKING SOUTH precinct
ing
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The purpose of this plan is to develop and revitalise the under six key goals:
A JAN GEHL CITY
a city for the people reducing cars quality public space greener spaces
walking and cycle increase
The aim of these responses is to develop better connections between areas of distinct character within and surrounding the precinct; integrate and improve the overal livability of the precinct whilst facilitating and enabling future resilient growth; and to create a city for the people through delivering a diverse, thriving and vibrant urban environment.
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A JANE JACOBS CITY
mixed use activities
mixed building typology community place identity cater for diverse needs live and work locally
“first life, then spaces, then buildings” and Jane Jacobs’ “cities [are] for everybody...they are created by everybody”. Inspired and influenced by Jan Gehl’s
Logo
THE INNER CIRCLE
Represents inherent diversity within the area that has to be acknowledged and better connected. Culture, the arts, heritage and community should be embraced, built upon and allowed to blossom and grow.
THE OUTER CIRCLE
Represents the undefined boundary in which this potential has to grow and develop. It is the connectivity between infrastructure, social groups, districts within the precinct as well as connectivity to the greater surrounding areas.
THE RADIAL ARMS
Represents the diverse growth which stems from within the precinct out towards the wider community. through a series of social community and transport networks.
THE CENTRAL CIRCLE
Represents the network and connectivity of all the elements of the precinct coming together to create a cohesive place to be.
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precinct overview
Strategic Context
Location Metropolitan Context
Local Context
FIGURE SC1.
Council Municipality
FIGURE SC2.
FIGURE SC4.
“a bold, inspirational and sustainable city”
VISIONS
making Melbourne great creative potential a connected city 1 km 2 km 10 km
20 km
efficient
4 km
ecological sustainability
40 km
innovation & technology
The precinct is located directly south of the Melbourne CBD. Its boundaries lie within two local government authorities - The City of Melbourne and the City of Port Phillip.
Area of Interest FIGURE SC3.
Southbank
500 m South Melbourne
Domain
1 km
“an engaged, healthy, resilient and vibrant city”
VISIONS
healthy and safe
community diversity affordable housing economic growth distinct neighbourhoods
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character & culture
precinct overview
Strategic Context
Boundaries The precinct is bounded by the Yarra River in the north; Albert Road in the south; Montague street and Ferrars Street in the west; and St Kilda Road in the east. There are three distinct districts in the precinct. They are: SOUTH MELBOURNE SOUTHBANK DOMAIN INTERCHANGE
400m
FIGURE 1. PRECINCT BOUNDARIES
11
precinct overview
Strategic Context
Photo Context Modernity A.
B.
C.
E.
F.
H.
I.
A.
B.
C.
H.
G.
Heritage D. I. D. F. E.
Lack of Character G.
400m
FIGURE 2. PHOTO CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE There are opportunities to recreate the character of the precinct and bring life back into the site. Areas which lack character are spaces which could be revitalised to enhance safety and bring people back to
12
those places. There are vast opportunities to merge the modern characteristics of Southbank with its heritage counterpart in South Melbourne through the integration of the two
types of context in the many areas which are lacking character. These places include underneath the Westgate Freeway, Kings Way, City Road, the south of Clarendon Street and tne Domain Interchange.
precinct overview
Statistical Analysis
Forecast Population Growth
Surrounding areas of Port Melbourne (14, 521), Albert Park / Middle Park (14, 132) and Melbourne CBD (28, 371) have a significantly higher population compared to South Melbourne. Along with the forecasts of predicted population growth, it is most likely that both South Melbourne and Southbank will follow this growing trend (as inner city suburb areas), resulting in the need for more housing and infrastructure to support the growth in population.
CITY OF PORT PHILLIP 140,000
45
POPULATION NUMBER
POPULATION NUMBER
100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000
19.5%
35,000
Female 52%
30,000
17,057
15,000
62.6%
10,000
20,000
Born Overseas
5,000
0
2015
0
2036
39.4
South Melbourne
Female 48%
Born in Australia
Born Overseas 2015
population Male total: 52% 17, 057
SOU T HBANK POPU L ATION SOU T H ME L B OURNE SOU T H ME LSB(% OURNE ORIGIN S (% ) POPU L AT ION ORIGIN ) POPUpopulation L AT ION ORIGIN S (% ) origins (%)
25,000 20,000
population Male 48% total: 9, 317
Born Overseas
Born in Australia
Born in Australia
2036
35.1 41.9 41.9 Southbank
South Melbourne
Southbank
58.1
13.5
18.1
20
6.9
15 - 24
25 - 34
35 - 44
45 - 54
55 - 64
65 - 74
1.4 1.8 1.8
Americas
3.7
Southern & Central Asia
5.6
North East Asia
1.2
75 - 84
North Africa & the Middle East
1.7
3.4
0.2 85+
South East Asia
6.4
8.5 1.1
0 - 14
OVERSEAS BORN POPULATION
PopulationSOUTHBANK (%)
Sub Saharan Africa
4.2
3.6
4.8
6.6
8.2
10
10.9
10.7
12
15
OVERSEAS BORN POPULATION Overseas Born SOUTH MELBOURNE
(%)
Americas
4.3
Southern & Central Asia
13.1
North East Asia South East Asia
15.8
North Africa & the Middle East
2.4 2.8
Southern & Eastern Europe
Southern & Eastern Europe
7.5
North West Europe
South Melbourne
Sub Saharan Africa
1.3 2.8
CULTURAL DEMOGRAPHICS
24.3
22.7
25
64.9
58.1
CULTURAL DEMOGRAPHICS
The highest percentage of population is between 25 - 44 which is a large proportion of younger, professional workers. There is also a significant proportion of the population in the student (secondary and tertiary) age of 15 - 24. Similarly, there is a number of population in the 65+ age gap (with a higher proportion in South Melbourne). Hence opportunity to create affordability and community facilities is apparent to cater for the range of age groups.
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11.2
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (%)
45,629
40,000
104,846
35
0
Southbank
45,000
Population by Age POPULATION AGE
40
5
50,000
130,207
Southbank Population
South Melbourne
SOUTHBANK
120,000
There is a significant forecast growth compared to Victoria’s 2015 and 2036 forecast population of no change (standing at 5, 886, 000), suggesting that inner city suburbs will continue to expand.
South Melbourne Population
population
North West Europe
4 (%)
Southbank
13
precinct overview Statistical Analysis
Socio Demographics
5, 418
1, 038
20.5%
number of households
public housing dwellings
dwellings with no motor vehicle
89.3%
4, 298
7
0.1%
18.5%
South Melbourne 1
Whilst South Melbourne is home to one of the highest number of public housing dwellings, Southbank has very few, creating opportunities to expand in that area. On a Victorian mean, low income is defined at $475, medium income is $793 and high income is $1, 814 / week. Approximately one third of people in the precinct are currently in the low income bracket, which suggests that future development must reflect and take into account this socio-demographic. Schooling facilities are minimal despite many students in the precinct, which creates another opportunity for expansion in the future.
distance to GPO
dwellings near public transport
0
secondary schools
0
.4%
14
<$400 / week personal income
Southbank
31
.7%
1
Student Types primary school
112
375
secondary school
2 km
100%
3 km
26
0
Centrelink offices
1
25
100%
Southbank
primary schools
4
22.2%
occupied private dwellings
With a large proportion of the demographics born in a country outside of Australia, there is an opportunity to utilise the multicultural aspect of the precint in future planning and design.
8
84.8%
Southbank
17
South Melbourne
193
662 South Melbourne
TAFE
university
262
1, 723
precinct overview
Statistical Analysis
20.6%
unpaid carer to children
11%
5.
7%
unemployed
South Melbourne
working in the top three industries
There is a high number of carers to the disabled and children (particularly in South Melbourne). This presents an opportunity to create community facilities which cater for and take into account these groups to ensure an inclusive community.
Southbank
Victoria 4%
5.3%
5.
unpaid carer to disabled
9%
10.5%
Labour Force
Economics and Employment
Southbank
4.
South Melbourne
The City of Port Phillipâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Gross Regional Product is estimated at $11.68 billion, representing approximately 3.5% of Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overall Gross State Product. There are 86,196 local jobs and 18,309 local businesses (NEIR, 2014). There are a total of 65,131 employed residents and the largest industry is in professionals, scientific and technical services providing 22% of employment (compared to the VIctorian average of 7.8%.
Unemployment rates within the precinct are similar to that of the Victorian average.
A large proportion of workers belong in the top three industries compared to the Victorian average (of a combined 24%), suggesting that there is a large portion of the population with education qualifications and well off jobs. There is also a large number of the employed working in the top three occupations, with almost double the state average in the top job of being a professional.
working in the top three occupations
Chart Title
Professionals (1) Managers (2) Clerical & Administrative Workers (3) Other
24% 42%
The number of those working in these services can be correlated back to the population age percentage within the 25 - 44 age bracket.
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precinct overview
Statistical Analysis
Housing Density There is potential to increase housing density within the precinct and in particular, in the western and southern locations. Housing development should be more affordable in these areas where prices are relatively high. In areas such as the northern region of the precinct, higher density affordable housing could be created to match the existing density and building heights whilst implementing measures to create better community inclusiveness and shared infrastructure. In pockets of potential redevelopment areas in the south, medium density mix-use affordability could be promoted to ensure that the original surburbian characteristic of South Melbourne is not lost.
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FIGURE 3. HOUSING DENSITY
precinct overview
Technical Assessment: Connectivity, Access and Movement
Road Network
es
et
re
Yor
t Stree
ray Mo
City Road and Sturt Street are important arterials which bridge the gap between the north and south of the precinct.
t
ree
k St
St
et
e
re
gu
St
ta
gl
Ka
on
In
re St
et
rm
No
h
ag
n va
Stre
b an
et
t
M
York, Dorcas and Park Street run east - west and have potential to become connectors between developing areas in the west (such as Fishermans Bend) to the eastern areas (such as Richmond and the Royal Botanical Gardens).
yR
way
ree
Sturt
te Free
d oa
don
Westga
Clarendon Street runs north - south and is a key corridor between the Melbourne CBD in the north and Albert Park in the south.
r St
d Roa
we
ad
Ro
lda
Po
ren Cla
These hard edges are areas which are lifeless, lack character and are percieved as unsafe for those not in vehicles. They have potential to be developed and revitalised to create people friendly spaces and bring back the vitality onto the streetscape.
y Cit
St Ki
There are two prominent arterial roads that run through the site; the Westgate Freeway and Kings Way. They are currently hard edges within this precinct, creating a major divide through the site, segregating the north (Southbank) from the South (South Melbourne and Domain).
tr as S
c Dor
e Stre
eet
eet
r
gs
W
ay
t
k St
Par
Kin
ra Fer t
tree
rs S
be
Al
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oa
R rt
400m FIGURE 4. ROAD NETWORK
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precinct overview Technical Assessment: Connectivity, Access and Movement
Connectivity at a Broader Scale The precinct is currently well connected to the north and south east through light rail services. It is also situated very close to the existing city loop. This broader scale connectivity shows that there is potential to enhance the existing north - south connections, as well as provide east - west connections. In particular, connectivity towards Fishermans Bend provides a great opportunity to link the west back to Melbourne CBD and the east. There is a lack of connectivity between central Melbourne and the western suburbs such as Fishermans Bend, Port Melbourne and Williamstown, which results in the potential investment of a ferry route from the THINKING SOUTH precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s northern border to Docklands, Fishermans Bend and Williamstown using the Yarra River. There is also futher potential to link these areas via ground transport mediums such as extending the existing train system and implementing new light rail service routes.
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FIGURE 5. CONNECTIVITY AT A BROADER SCALE
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Connectivity, Access and Movement
Public Transport Network
The precinct is currently relatively well connected by public transport. However due to its infrequency of services (particularly towards the south west-
ern direction) and a lack of a direct east - west service, a majority of commuters use a privatised vehicle (green) instead of public transport
(blue) and walking (orange) to get around (see map on the left).
FIGURE 6. TRAVEL MODE
400m
FIGURE 7. EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK
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precinct overview Technical Assessment: Connectivity, Access and Movement
Bicycle Network There is a lack of a cohesive bicycle network within the precinct with many disjointed routes. There is potential to develop this existing network further to ensure there is connectivity within and beyond the site. This would encourage more cyclists in the precinct as it eliminates missing links and creates safer routes to ride on. Similarly, by creating an extensive and well networked system of bicycle paths, connectivity to surrounding green spaces around the vacinity of the precinct can be accessed.
400m
FIGURE 8. EXISTING BICYCLE NETWORK
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precinct overview
Technical Assessment: Connectivity, Access and Movement
Key Connections and Activity Areas There are a few key connection and movement corridors to main activity nodes. These present future opportunities to redevelop and further enhance spines within the site to ensure that user friendly accessibility is provided for all types of people. There is also potential to promote better walkability, cycling and public transport services.
400m
FIGURE 9. KEY CONNECTIONS AND NODES
21
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
Natural Environment The precinct is surrounded by natural waterways and green spaces, presenting opportunities to be a centralised location to stop over for visitors who are going to those sites of nature. There are also opportunities to create green corridors within the site to connect surrounding ecological sites. At a site level, green connections through revegetation and plantings along roads, pedestrian paths and laneways, and implementation of new pocket parks around the precinct, greater connectivity and the importance of having green space can be highlighted.
400m
FIGURE 10. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
22
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
Landmarks
The site lacks prominent landmarks in the south. There are significant amounts of place markers in the Southbank area of the site where there is a well established arts and entertainment character. There is potential to link this character to the southern area of the precinct.
400m
FIGURE 11. LANDMARKS
23
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
Land Use
There are distinct areas of divided functional use which could be better integrated to create efficient mixed use space. With the redevelopment of Fishermans Bend, the existing industrial sector in the west of the precinct holds potential to be redesigned and recreated for the future. There is also potential to create park land connections, affordable housing and retail links.
400m
FIGURE 12. EXISTING LAND USE
24
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
Heritage Overlay
Though a vast area of land in this precinct has a heritage overlay, there is potential for smaller infill projects and developments. Similarly, an urban design framework to develop land with elements of heritage characteristics such as material and design can be considered in the journey to redevelop and revitalise the site.
400m FIGURE 13. HERITAGE OVERLAY
25
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
Community Infrastructure There is not one area for a specific community hub. There is potential to create a larger community facility within the precinct to provide outdoor and indoor meeting spaces for the community. An integrated community feel for all ages and occupations could be established and extended upon existing clusters of social infrastructure.
400m
FIGURE 14. COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
26
precinct overview Technical Assessment: Built Form and Character
Character
Better connectivity and linkages between the arts, commerce/leisure, and heritage aspects of the site to create a new character which is unique to this precinct is a clear opportunity for the precinct. An extension of the commerce and leisure characteristics of the site could create more job opportunities in the precinct. The Westgate Freeway and Kings Way are a fast traffic corridor which has created space void of any character cutting through the centre of the precinct. This space is an opportunity to reimagine and recreate a unique identity for the precinct.
400m
FIGURE 15. SITE CHARACTER
27
precinct overview Technical Assessment
Elements to Address
crime
noise
in relatively unseen areas such as under the Westgate Freeway
from fast moving and high volume traffic
lighting and visuals (night time in particular)
pedestrian safety
fast traffic corridors and access to adequate and safe crossings
lighting under the Westgate underpass
water & flooding
water level rises with climate change and changing sea levels (this will also lead to temperature increases and other related issues)
transport
general street safety
400m
potential flooding in 50 years FIGURE 16. SITE ANALYSIS
28
The Precinct Structure Plan
29
Issues Contextual Problems Politically, as the precinct lies within two local government authorities (City of Melbourne and City of Port Phillip) there are political issues on strategic planning and satisfying both councils. Future strategic issues include working together and maintaining joint values and visions. an existing interchange which could become a great nodal point
Potential Future Issues The cost of funding and maintanence of proposed actions; strain on existing infrastructure; networking and connectivity within the precinct and to other surrounding local and regional areas; safety and accessibility and maintaining heritage and existing character are all potential issues. Local integration of communities and social unity could be further displaced with a potential lack of acceptance. This results in further segregation of districts, land use and sociodemographics.
underutilised underpass; lack of safety and character; physical barrier
physical hard edge; fast traffic corridor; unsafe for pedestrians and cyclists
FIGURE 17. KEY ISSUES LOCATION
30
the south lacks prominent character and activity compared to the north
Observed Constraints
arts precinct is confined to the Southbank district
major segregation between land use is apparent
Locally, there is a lack of affordable housing, which could be an issue for future population growth. A lack of mixed land use and the low density industry areas in the precinct present opportunities to create mix used building developments. Implentations and expansions of schools and education are also an area which will facilitate growth (there is a lack of connectivity and link between primary and higher education within the site). Separation of districts (the arts district in Southbank and its heritage significant counter part in South Melboune) is also an issue.
THINKING SOUTH has wide and fast traffic corridors which are a factor in the lack of vitality and character on the streets. There are many pockets of areas within the precinct which have the potential to be revitalised to encourage pedestrians on the street. Major arterials (such as the Westgate Freeway and Kings Way) are hard edges and pose safety and risk with the (lack of) lighting on the street front and under major highways (elevated roads).
VOID
major road arterials are hard edges preventing integration which is evident through the centre of the precinct, creating disconnection and disjointment
FIGURE 18. OBSERVED CONSTRAINTS
disconnect of prominent heritage with the north
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Vision
The THINKING SOUTH Precinct Structure Plan aims to create ‘the Heart of the South’ through core ideas of
growth, connectivity
and
diversity
in the districts of Southbank, South
Melbourne and Domain whilst striving towards unity. Designed to maximise the
character,
heritage, culture and existing infrastructure of the precinct, THINKING SOUTH looks at ways to improve cohesion, enhance liveability and revitalise the project area.
A new series of community hubs will be at the centre of establishing networks through the integration of public transport, flourishing interchange points and creating inclusive public urban space. The Southbank arts precinct will be expanded and existing freeway infrastructure will be redeveloped to promote a ‘city for the people’. With opportunities for developing affordable housing and mixed-use buildings, the precinct will be a place of social and environmental resilience that will cater for the future growth of Melbourne.
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Conceptual Framework Themes CONNECTIVITY
ARTS PRECINCT
AFFORDABILITY
ALL AGE FRIENDLY
GREENING
REVITALISATION
Objectives THINKING SOUTH aims to promote a green and sustainable city through
improving
walkability, cyclability and public transportation throughout the precinct. Major arterials will attract people to walk along and interact with the activation of street frontages and revitalized amenities through the creation of a better con-
network
nected and improved foot, cycle and public transport
infrastructure.
THINKING SOUTH will em-
unique character of brace its
having an arts district in the north and unite it with its heritage significance in the south to create cohesion. Extension of the arts district will see this precinct create
colour
a new and become a place for all people including students, artists, local residents and the general public to express themselves through
art
a range of related mediums.
THINKING SOUTH aims to bridge the gap between higher and lower income households and cater for new potential residents through the provision of affordability in all aspects of livability including affordable
housing, jobs services. By imple-
and menting new facilities, promoting mix uses and expanding on existing infrastructure, speculative populations moving into the precinct will be equipped with opportunities to live in an inner city suburb with
equity
and minimal division.
THINKING SOUTH aims to be a people friendly precinct with its core importance placed on a well-connected community. All age
friendly areas will established
be as a series of community hubs throughout the site near interchange points and will be the unique character to this precinct. A strong sense of being united and belonging in a
community
at a local and wider scale will be facilitated with the future growth of the precinct through the integration of all demographics coming together.
THINKING SOUTH will become the central point
connects
which the surrounding natural spaces around the precinct including Albert Park, the Royal Melbourne Botanical Gardens, the Yarra River and Port Phillip Bay. Streets and infrastructure will become green corridors and stepping stones which will not only benefit the ecology
health
and of its residents, but also be a sign to highlight the significance of
nature.
THINKING SOUTH will be a lively and better integrated environment to be a part of. Responding to the
vitality
lack of and character under current conditions, it will become a revitalised â&#x20AC;&#x153;city for the peopleâ&#x20AC;? where people become the most import-
Life
ant element. will be brought back onto the
streetscape as new design measures create invitations for people to share and join in on the constant activity and vitality on the streets.
33
Opportunities to create a well connected community and sense of place for all ages and demographics
expansion of the arts district; more social infrastructure, housing and jobs with transport links
eliminate the void of character created from hard edges to facilitate growth, vitality and livability
MORE AGED CARE FACILITIES STRENGTHEN ACTIVITY CENTRES AND COMMUNITY HUBS
to create a flourishing and well connected precinct within the site and outwards to surroundings
foster stronger connections to the CBD
connector to the western suburbs such as Fishermans Bend
foster stronger connections to the south
GREENING
VITALITY
REVITALISING AREAS WITH VOID OF CHARACTER
TURNING HARD EDGES INTO CONNECTIVITY CORRIDORS
BRINGING LIFE INTO HIGH DENSITY AREAS
IMPROVING STREETSCAPES TO CREATE ACTIVE SPACES
PLACE MAKING AND CREATING A SPACE FOR THE PEOPLE
DIVERSITY UNITY CONNECTIVITY
CREATING MORE AFFORDABLE HOUSING, JOBS AND COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPING EDUCATION FACILITIES WITH A LINK TO HIGHER EDUCATION ENHANCE AND EXPAND ARTS PRECINCT AND HIGHLIGHT MELBOURNE’S EXISTING LANEWAY CULTURE
34
GROWTH
GREATER CONNECTIONS BETWEEN LANDMARKS AND FUTURE COMMUNITY AREAS
LIVABILITY
EXPAND TRANSPORT, WALKABILITY AND CYCLABILITY NETWORKS PROMOTE MIX USE BUILDINGS AND FINE GRAIN INDUSTRY
Overall Opportunities Westgate Freeway
Community Hubs
Affordable Housing
Arts Precinct
expansion of existing community hubs (such as the BOYD community hub on City Road x Kings Way x Westgate Freeway) and creating connecting spaces to promote inclusive community
revitalisng the underpass to create new community and pedestrian friendly spaces which will soften the existing hard edge
expansion; increase community interaction and exposure to the arts culture; collaboration with potential artists and students
creating new and innovative facilities and infrastructure to cater for all demographics, social groups and cultural ackgrounds; create a diverse and vibrant community
Sturt Street
revitalisation and expansion of the existing arts district and act as a link between the north and south of the precinct; revitalise and encourage vitality back onto the street
Transport
improving north - south and east - west links within the precint; implementing a new transport interchange hub
Kings Way 400m FIGURE 19. OVERALL OPPORTUNITIES
Clarendon Street
vehicular traffic to go underground and open up the potential to create a boulevard of public open space with varying attractive and unique characteristics; becoming a socially inclusive and green community space to strengthen the cohesion within the site and promote active transport
revitalise the south of the street to create cohesion and greater use of this important north - south link
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ARTS PRECINCT
“Politicians don’t bring people together. Artists do.” - Richard Daley, Former Mayor of Chicago
Pockets of empty space will become spaces for artistic expression in old underutilised spaces and existing art spaces which lack vitality and character within the Precinct.
ART LANEWAY/ZONE CAFÉ/ART LANEWAY/ZONE
inspired by... The arts precinct will be expanded through creating new art laneways, community art spaces, galleries and studios and utilising placemaking programs which include the community and engaging arts students.
FIGURE 20. EXPANSION POTENTIAL FIGURE V1. POWER STREET Overtown Pedestrian Mall, Miami, FL, USA
WHAT VCA STUDENTS WOULD LIKE TO SEE: hardware store more food choices grants for community art spaces / artist run initiatives for entry level artists increasing the use of retail / cafes / bars studios for estabilished artists
798 Art District, Beijing, CHINA
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FIGURE V2. CORNER COOKE STREET X RIVERSIDE QUAY INTERSECTION
All the above desires from existing students will if taken into account and implemented, will assist in foot traffic and inviting people back out onto the streets. Creating more art laneways and community art spaces will recreate a better identity for the arts district.
AFFORDABILITY
“Quality, affordable housing is a key element...[of modern cities]” - Thomas Vilsack
Household Income SOUTHBANK
SOUTH MELBOURNE
VICTORIA
WEEKLY RENT > 30% HOUSEHOLD INCOME
22.60%
15.90%
9.10%
MONTHLY MORTGAGE PAYMENT > 30% HOUSEHOLD INCOME
8.40%
7.30%
10.10%
FIGURE 21. HOUSEHOLD INCOME COMPARISON More affordable housing and better mix used land developments are a possible solution to improve urban activity.
Weekly rent and monthly mortgage payments of greater than 30% of a household’s income is at a significantly higher than average percentage compared to the Victorian statistic. This raises questions on the affordability of living in such inner city suburbs.
inspired by...
FIGURE V3. CLARENDON STREET With the population of Metropolitan Melbourne expected to almost double within the next 40 years, there is the need to create more affordable and livable housing for the growing population.
Market Hall, Rotterdam, AMSTERDAM
Matching existing density of housing (such as the high rise of Southbank and north of Clarendon Street (pictured above), high rise affordable housing could be implemented to match building heights and promote affordable and inclusive community living at the same time). FIGURE V4. WHITEMAN STREET
FIGURE 22. PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH
Merril Developmentsm Ohama, USA
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CONNECTIVITY
“Streets and their sidewalks - the main public spaces of a city - are its most vital organs” - Jane Jacobs
Current issues
Westgate Underpass lack of connectivity within the whole site
Kings Way lack of safety
Sturt Street
wide expanse of impermeable road
City Road unappealing at pedestrian level
Potential Potential redesigning of the streetscape could include: Having Kings Way underground to open up the ground level as a pedestrianised, people friendly boulevard with walking and cycling paths, and water sensitive urban design to create an ecological corridor
inspired by...
Copenhagen Walkability, DENMARK
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FIGURE V5. REVITALISING STREETSCAPE TO BE SAFER AND INVITING FOR PEDESTRIANS - CITY ROAD EXAMPLE
FIGURE V6. HIGHLIGHTING PEDESTRIAN NETWORK AND ENCOURAGING ACTIVITY ON TH STREETS CLARENDON STREET EXAMPLE
“A place that treats everyone with respect, regardless of their age...a place that helps people stay healthy and active even at the oldest ages”
ALL AGE FRIENDLY
- WHO
inspired by...
PROVIDE MORE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES CLOSE TO HOME AND BETTER TRANSPORT NETWORKS
ENSURE COMMUNITY SERVICES ARE ACCESSIBLE FOR EVERYONE AND CAN COPE WITH THE DEMAND
PROVIDE HIGH QUALITY PLAY AREAS AND CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES PROVIDE MORE CHILD CARE FOR YOUNG FAMILIES SPARK Conceptual Vertical Farming Hybrid Project, SINGAPORE
CATER FOR THE OLDER POPULATION WITH AGED CARE SERVICES AND ENSURE SERVIECS AND INFRASTRUCTURE ARE IN PLACE FOR FUTURE CHANGES
Connecting communities and providing for all ages by increasing safety on the street, implementing interventions which promote living and being out on the streets and promoting a cohesive community.
Playing Out, UK
Lab of Troy Living Streets, BELGIUM
FIGURE V7. RECLAIMING SPACE FOR CHILDREN - SOUTH MELBOURNE EXAMPLE
FIGURE V8. CLARENDON STREET X CITY ROAD
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GREENING
“As cities become denser the pressure on green space becomes more intensive and competitive. Using green roo, wall and facade technologies is one way to reverse this loss of green space” - Graeme Hopkins and Christine Goodwin
Increasing green, ecological links are an opportunity for the precinct. Greening the streets and connecting to cycle, public transport and pedestrian networks not only benefits the natural environment, but also improves socical health and perceptions of safety.
Current Issues poor connectivity poor urban interaction
inspired by...
dead space lack of green space that encourages ecological connections and vitality
behind Hamer Hall x Arts Centre
Potential for Highline Redevelopment, New York City, USA
creating green walls around car park levels of high rise buildings, which also benefit ventilation
Westgate Underpass
increasing the number of street trees connectivity of green pocket spaces to greater green surrounding gardens and spaces
Urban Green Space, Rotterdam, AMSTERDAM
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green landscaping of the Westgate underpass and around Kings Way
corner York Street x Montague Street
FIGURE V9. NORMANBY ROAD X CLARENDON STREET STREETSCAPE GREENING
“Lifeless, closed facades pacify while open and interesting facades activate urban users”
REVITALISATION
- Jan Gehl
Current Issues As seen in the images below, the current conditions of many areas in the precinct show a lack of character, safety and overall vitality. This has an impact on the cohesion of the different elements within the site which must be addressed.
Thre are areas which are in need of rejuvination without gentrification, and too many undesirable, underutilised spaces where you do not want to spend your time.
Revitalisation under the Westgate underpass could make it more safe and inviting for all ages and demographics.
inspired by...
This could be revitalised to create open spaces for the people.
FIGURE V10. ART UNDER THE WESTGATE UNDERPASS
Westgate Freeway
Westgate Freeway
Streetscapes could be redesigned to be people friendly rather than focus on vehicular use.
Cheongyecheon, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
FIGURE V11. REVITALISING ROADS SUCH AS CITY ROAD
Harbour Drive Redevelopment, Portland, USA
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Development Overview These are the strategies for how the land is to be used and developed in the future. With a focus on integration of land use, transport and activity, this overarching theme highlights key areas with potential to facilitate future growth and livability through addressing the overall structure of land use and activity, and how developments should be integrated and form a part of the urban character.
Strategic Directions
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D.01 integrate the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s land use, transport and activity
D.02 promote Clarendon Street as a key retail and residential spine
D.05 enhance and expand key arts district
D.06 develop Sturt Street as a retail area and link
D.03 integrate mixed use and affordable housing opportunities
D.04 preserve the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heritage and neighbourhood character
development D.01 Integrate the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s land use, transport and activity Overview
Current connectivity of key activity areas and districts within the precinct has room for improvement. The three segregated districts of Southbank and the arts, South Melbourne and predominate heritage and the proposed upgrade of the Domain Interchange (through the Metro Rail Project) present opportunities to better integrate land use and urban character. Connectivity towards the wider surroundings of Melbourne CBD in the north, southern suburbs such as St Kilda, Port Melbourne and Fishermans Bend in the west, and towards Docklands and Williamstown through access from the Yarra River could be expanded and strengthened.
Strategies
1. Promote and revitalise Clarendon Street as a key north - south connection 2. Place vehicular traffic on Kings Way underground and allow for the development of a pedestrianised boulevard with cycle and public transport access 3. Foster east - west connectivity and movement through the Westgate Freeway, York Street, Dorcas Street and Park Street 4. Promote connectivity at a local scale, extending out to the greater metropolitan transport network 5. Promote use of street corners as informal and formal settings of gathering, meeting, and community encounters
Corresponding Directions
D.02 D.06 A.02 A.03 A.04 P.01 P.02 P.03
Utilising street corners as a revitalisation method to encourage use of the street and informal encounters.
400m
FIGURE 23. INTEGRATION OF LAND USE AND TRANSPORT
FIGURE 24. ACTIVATING STREET CORNERS
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D.02 Promote Clarendon Street as a key retail and residential spine Overview
Clarendon Street is a major arterial which connects the northern surrounds of the CBD to the southern green open space of Albert Park. As a direct north - south link, Clarendon Street has the potential to be upgraded into a lively street in its whole. Existing street life is prominent in the northern section where the Crown Entertainment Complex and associated functoinal use is located. Extending this liveliness on the streets towards the south will increase livability in the near future.
Strategies
1. Promote and revitalise Clarendon Street as a key north - south connection 2. Redevelop existing infrastructure to increase attractions and amenities at a street level, particularly towards central and southern Clarendon Street 3. Rezone north and central Clarendon Street as a Commercial 1 land use zone to promote and enable vibrant mixed use and a commercial centre with retail, business, community infrastructure and residential uses 4. Develop affordable housing integrated into mixed use buildings at various densities to match existing building heights 5. New building heights will be restricted to no more than double the surrounds to preserve the neighbourhood character of South Melbourne
Corresponding Directions D.01
North - South Elevation
Westgate Freeway
Dorcas Street
FIGURE 25. CURRENT CONDITIONS
Redevelop and revitalise commercial / retail area: promote mixed use; high to medium density - focus on creating more activity and life at ground level
Heritage listed land: keep the facade, extend commerce using similar heritage style design; medium to low heights
FIGURE 26. ASPIRATION Potential to expand existing shopping centre
More residential facilities: higher developments to match existing heights Development for potential multilayer activity
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Mix use buildings which preserve and promote the heritage aspect of the precinct whilst bringing in new activity
Dorcas Street
Westgate Freeway
South - North Elevation FIGURE 27. CURRENT CONDITIONS
FIGURE V12. ACTIVATING THE STREET FRONT TOWARDS THE SOUTH
Redevelop and revitalise commercial / retail area: promote mixed use; high to medium density - focus on creating more activity and life at ground level
Extend residential development in conjunction with development across the street
FIGURE 28. ASPIRATION
Low rise development up to 4 storeys in heritage listed area
Westgate development for a new connected community hub
Potential to expand and redesign current commercial section; promote mixed use
Affordable residential development Potential to extend current entertainment complex
expand Montague education centre
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D.03 integrate mixed use and affordable housing opportunities Overview
With the projected population growth within the next 20 years, an opportunity to create and provide new and innovative affordable housing to facilitate this growth arises. Various demographics including new and young families, the older population, students and new migrants will be considered in the design for new bousing. Mixed use developments will increase the vitality and diversity of the precinct in its promotion of an inclusive community network. This will facilitate improving urban activity and integrate the CIty of Port Phillipâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s affordable housing philosophy.
Strategies
1. Create new and innovative affordable living through a range of building typologies to match existing building types (such as higher density living in Southbank and a lower counterpart for a surburbian South Melbourne feel) 2. Promote community building within all types of dwelling types and densities 3. Ensure that building heights do not compromise resources such as light and takes potential disturbances (such as noise) into account when designing to optimise livability (refer to urban design development frameork) 4. Consider creating hubs within affordable living to promote 20 minute neighbourhoods (Plan Melbourne)
Corresponding Directions D.04 P.03
400m
FIGURE 29. AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROPOSAL
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Medium - High Density Medium density mixed use housing is an option which includes the benefit of living in an inner city suburb without feeling the presence of large developments. With ground levels allocated to mix use, this ensures that resources are of close proximity whichpromotes life on the street (refer to urban design framework for building heights).
High Rise Development IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Higher density developments are an option to provide many more affordable dwellings in the limited space of an inner city suburb. With the first floors of the building allocated to various uses and a setback of high rise towers, communities are able to experience the street life and have privacy in their homes (refer to urban design framework for building heights).
400m
FIGURE 30. TYPES OF AFFORDABILITY
FIGURE V13. MIXED USE AFFORDABILITY
FIGURE V14. HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
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D.04 preserve the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heritage and neighbourhood character Overview
The precinct has a prominent heritage and neighbourhood character, particularly in South Melbourne. It is a significant element of the site as it is unique in the inner city suburb it is found in. Future developments must embrace the heritage culture and should consider this aspect to avoid neglecting an important part of the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history. Retaining the atmosphere and character of heritage and incorporating it into developments and designs has great potential to give THINKING SOUTH its own special colour.
Strategies
1. Protect heritage listed buildings under the existing heritage overlays 2. Consider the materiality and design of heritage characters for potential incorporation into new, future developments 3. Promote and celebrate heritage throughout the site 4. Potential integration of heritage into the arts district of Southbank 5. Using existing successful neighbourhood characters as drivers of design for future community and infrastructure planning and development
Corresponding Directions D.03, D.05
48
BOYD Community Centre
Clarendon Street retail utilising heritage design
South Melbourne heritage housing
Ffine grain industry utilising heritage character
Victoria Barracks
South Melbourne Market
D.05 enhance and expand key arts district Overview
The arts district of Southbank is a a culture and has high importance in its setting. Extending the arts precinct from the north towards the south present opportunities to further strengthen the tie of Melbourne’s existing art culture and laneway artworks deeply into the site. Similarly, Melbourne’s ever growing cafe laneway culture also presents opportunities for this precinct to extend and embrace the City of Melbourne’s celebration for the arts. The arts precint has the potential to become a larger icon of Melbourne’s history and culture, and expanding this will encourage growth and enhance livability.
Strategies
1. Revitalise and reconfigure Sturt Street to create connectivity from the heart of the arts precinct towards the south 2. Utilise major hard edges such as the Westgate Freeway underpass and Kings Way as potential art spaces 3. Enhance underutilised spaces such as derelict laneways and pockets of building spaces and surrounds as artist spaces 4. Include VCA students, aspiring artists, entry level artists and professionals in the design and development of the arts 5. Provide artist studios for all levels of ability and experience 6. Encourage community involvement in placemaking projects related to the arts extension
Corresponding Directions D.01, D.06, A.02, P.05
FIGURE 31. ARTS DISTRICT EXPANSION
Sturt Street Revitalisation
to connect and create vibrancy and lingering towards Kings Way
Art Landmarks
to create identity and ensure orientation within the precinct
Art Laneways
particular focuses utilising assistance from VCA students and potential place making programs: orange: art / street art; blue: art / retail
Artist Studios
for students, entry level artists and experienced artists to enable self and community growth V15. CREATING ART LANEWAYS - LOOKING FROM POWER STREET EXAMPLE
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D.06 develop Sturt Street as a retail area and link Overview
Sturt Street is in a prime location and acts as a connection between the existing arts district of Southbank towards South Melbourne and the existing hard edge of Kings Way. Revitalisation of Sturt Street to encourage it as a major north - south connection within the precinct will assist in facilitating growth and accessibility for the growing arts community. It has the potential to act as a link between the arts district, arts education institutions and the new proposed pedestrianised Kings Way.
Strategies
1. Reconfigure the streetscape to assist in more coherent movement flows 2. Promote artist expression along Sturt Street towards Kings Way 3. Provide areas for art and community building 4. Enhance the relationship between education and surrounds
Corresponding Directions D.01, D,05
Precinct Boundary Road Network Water Body Green Space New Commercial Zone 1
existing road condition
Artist Studios / Galleries Existing Arts Cafe / Art Laneway Art Laneway Art Landmark
50
400m
FIGURE 32. STURT STREET REDEVELOPMENT
reconfigured road condition
Access and Movement Overview These are the strategies which focus on access and movement within and extending out of the precinct. Proposals on vehicule access, public transport, walking and cycling have been set to enhance the overall connectivity of the THINKING SOUTH Precinct to create the heart of the South. East - west and north - south movement corridors have shaped these strategic directions to enhance connectivity, access and movement.
Strategic Directions
A.01 grade separation of pedestrian, cycling and public transport movement along Kings Way
A.02 develop pedestrian and cycling connections between precinct districts with supporting facilities
A.03 improve public transport network and supporting infrastructure within and extending out of the precinct
A.04 develop York, Dorcas and Park Street as major east west active transport links
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access and movement A.01 Grade separation of pedestrian, cycling and public transport movement along Kings Way Overview
Kings Way is a hard edge within this precinct which divides the north from the south. It is a fast moving and wide traffic corridor which presents issues of safety and noise for pedestrians, cyclists and those using public transport. By creating open space with vehicular access to the north - south spine redesigned to be underground, it creates many opportunities to enhance community connectivity at ground level.
Strategies
1. Vehicular access to be underground 2. Ground level for public open space 3. Light rail services to be relocated to the eastern side of Kings Way 4. Promote Kings Way as a pedestrianised boulevard with different elements of open space for various activities
Corresponding Directions P.01 P.03
FIGURE 33. KINGS WAY PROPOSAL - SOUTH FACING SECTION
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access and movement
FIGURE 34. CURRENT CONDITIONS OF KINGS WAY
Crown Entertainment Complex
FIGURE 35. ASPIRATION OF VEHICULAR ACCESS ENTRANCE TO UNDERGROUND ROAD
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A.02 develop pedestrian and cycling connections between precinct districts with supporting facilities Overview
There is a very disconnected cycling network within the precinct which will be enhanced to create a better and safer environment for cyclists to use. The precinct is located in the centre of many natrual icons such as the Yarra River in the north, the Royal Botanical Gardens in the east, Albert Park (and Albert Park Lake) in the south, and Becon Cove in the west. As these locations are immediate borders of the precinct, THINKING SOUTH could become a place in which unites the surrounding natural wonders. An increase in pedestrian movement will be achieved through the revitalisation and reconfiguration of existing fast traffic corridors and lifeless, uninviting streetscapes.
Strategies
1. Implement cycle paths which bridge the current disconnect in infrastructure 2. Revitalise the streetscape with active frontages and corner activities to enhance safety and vitality 3. Reconfigure light rail and cycle path placement at a street level (refer to urban design development framework) 4. Promote healthy and active transport and movement to create a well connected precinct 5. Enhance safety of pedestrian and cycle crossings (refer to urban design development framework)
Corresponding Directions D.01, D.05, A.02, P,02, ).03
400m
54
FIGURE 36. PROPOSED BICYCLE NETWORK
A.03 improve public transport network and supporting infrastructure within and extending out of the precinct Overview
Improved public transport network and supporting infrastructure within and extending out from the precint will create stronger links of public transport, cycling and walkability. This will facilitate the transportation of people and goods with the growing population. It also enhances connectivity outwards towards neighbouring locations and in particular, towards the developing west (such as Fishermans Bend). By conecting future developments and strengthing existing networks, jobs, services and affordable living will be achieved.
Strategies
1. Implement three new light rail services which connect the precinct districts (two existing bus route conversions and an east - west route running from the Domain Interchange to the new propsoed trasnport interchange and extending out to Fishermans Bend) 2. Implement a ferry route to connect Melbourne CBD, north of the precinct, Fishermans Bend, Docklands and Williamstown 3. Foster the growth of the Domain Interchange (Melbourne Metro Rail Project) 4. Provide infrastructure at transport stops to ensure safety of users and give information (refer to urban design development framework)
Corresponding Directions D.01, A.03, A.04
400m
FIGURE 37. PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK PROPOSAL
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1
ishermans Bend orimer Precinct andridge Precinct Route 109 Intersection
2
1 - Fishermans Bend 5 - Pickles Street 3 2 - Lorimer Precinct 6 - South Melbourne Station Intersection 4 3 - Sandridge Precinct 7 - Clarendon Street 7 4 - Route 109 Intersection 8 - Moray Street 8 5 - Pickles Street 6 6 - South Melbourne Station Intersection 5 7 - Clarendon Street 8 - Moray Street
400m
FIGURE 39. PROPOSED EAST - WEST LINK Fostering connectivity at a local scale and greater context is important for the growth of the precinct.
FIGURE 38. PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK PROPOSAL
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access and movement A.04 Develop York, Dorcas and Park Street as major east west active transport links Overview
Currently, north - south connectivity within and extending out of the precinct is very strong. However, there is a lack of connectivity running from east - west. Poor connectivity presents opportunities to create direct links in this aspect to enhance the movement of people, vehicles and public transport networks.
Strategies
1. Promote active transport and community engagement with east - west 2. Enhance streetscapes along York, Dorcas and Park Street to attract users 3. Promote Park Street as a major community and people connectivity route towards the Park Street towers (potential expansion of community and affordability) and Emerald Hill (South Melbourne Town Hall) 4. Promote Dorcas Street as a connnection between Kings Way and the expansion of the Skinners Playground community hub 5. Promote York Street as an east - west connection between South Melbourne Market and Kings Way
Corresponding Directions D.01 A.03
FIGURE 40. CREATING AND PROMOTING EAST - WEST LINKS
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Public Spaces Overview These are the strategies for the development and management of public areas including streets and park land.
Strategic Directions
P.01 develop Kings Way as a public and community space destination with a vibrant streetscape
P.05 strengthen the identity and cohesion of the precinct through urban art, signs and landmarks
58
P.02 optimise space beneath the Westgate Freeway to soften urban infrastructure
P.03 promote inclusive community hubs which foster connectivity, community and public transport
P.04 enhance and create green links throughout the precinct
public spaces P.01 Develop Kings Way as a public and community space destination with a vibrant streetscape Overview
Kings Way will become an open pedestrian public space which promotes growth, livability and vibrancy at the street level. It will be a high quality open space for the existing high density areas of Southbank and Domain as a place to build community. As an inclusive space for all, its close proximity to public transport and retail services will make it a place to be. Affordable housing, mixed use buildings with fine grain industries and artist spaces will be provided along this pedestrianised corridor.
Strategies
1. Vehicular traffic will be relocated underground to open up the space at ground level for pedestrians 2. Light rail service to be redesigned for easier access (refer to urban design framework) 3. Cycle infrastructure to be implemented to promote connectivity and active and healthy travel (refer to urban design framework) 4. The north of Kings Way to have more community gathering spaces and shaded areas as an extension of the existing entertainment complex and extension of the BOYD community centre 5. The central area of Kings Way will be open spces with areas for temporary installations (including artwork and exhibitions) and events (such as farmers markets) and foster mixed use and fine grain industries in conjunction with the proposed public transport interchange pointat the Sturt Street x Kings Way intersection 6. The southern area of Kings Way woill be a space with more permanent people friendlyinstallations such as seatings and resting spaces as alternative resting and meet spaces to the Domain Interchange close by
Corresponding Directions D.01 A.01 P.03
FIGURE V16. KINGS WAY WITH OPEN SPACES TO REST AND HOLD TEMPORARY EVENTS AND INSTALLATIONS WITH AN ACTIVE STREET FRONT
FIGURE V17. KINGS WAY WIT DESIGNS SUCH AS SHALLOW REFLECTION POOLS AND OPEN GREEN SPACE AS CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE YARRA RIVER AND ALBERT PARK
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Space for temporary events and displays as well as permanent installations and facilities will see the future Kings Way as a community space for all.
Extension of the existing BOYD Community Centre and revitalising space under the Westgate Freeway as new community facilities.
Sturt Street community facilities cluster next to the new proposed metro station.
Redeveloping existing Officeworks / Industry site into potential school and community hub between Dorcas and Park Street.
precinct boundary
Having vehicular access on Kings Way underground creates opportunity to have a vast public open space which caters both active and passive activities.
precinct boundary
public spaces
Community facilities next to open green space at the proposed Domain Interchange site.
Proposed metro station (new transport interchange point) on the intersection of Sturt and Coventry Street) and existing Domain Interchange station.
Kings Way will become a soft edge with the exception of Queensbridge Street and at Domain Interchange where vehiclar access to underground arterial is present (entry and exit).
FIGURE 41. KINGS WAY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
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public spaces
towards BOYD Community Centre
Establishing community hubs near interchange points and revitalising areas lacking character such as underpasses as all age friendly spaces
FIGURE V18. UTILISING UNDERPASS SPACE ON KINGS WAY AS COMMUNITY SPACES
Redesigning the overpass section of large arterial roads to create open spaces which are people and cyclist friendly
FIGURE V19. REIMAGINING KINGS WAY AS A PEOPLE PLACE
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public spaces P.02 Optimise space beneath the Westgate Freeway to soften urban infrastructure Overview
The Westgate Freeway is a hard edge with fast moving traffic contributing to noise pollution. As an elevated freeway, it also creates lighting and safety issues. Redesigning the space under the elevated infrastructure will improve the quality and expand the public urban space and create a vibrant culture contrary to its current condition. Urban renewal, community engagement and more social infrastructure will be the result of this action.
Strategies
1. Revitalise the space under the Westgate Freeway overpass with various interventions and design implementations 2. Create temporary installations (such as artist spaces and placemaking projects) and events (such as Sunday markets and festivals) in underutilised and unattractive car parking spaces to increase safety and perceptions of the existing space 3. Redesign existing pedestrian and cycle corridors to be a safer, more attractive community and connectivity space to promote use of the Westgate underpass 4. Utilise the Westgate Freeway as an opportunity to foster green, ecological corridors and public transport networks
Corresponding directions D.01 A.02 P.01
FIGURE 42. WESTGATE UNDERPASS POTENTIAL
FIGURE V20. UNDER THE WESTGATE FREEWAY LOOKING ONTO KINGS WAY - POTENTIAL TEMPORARY EVENT SPACES
62
FIGURE V21. UNDER THE WESTGATE FREEWAY LOOKING TOWARDS THE MELBOURNE EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTRE
public spaces P.03 Promote inclusive community hubs which foster connectivity, community and public transport Overview
The THINKING SOUTH Precint has the potential to become a community heart of the South of Melbourne and be an all inclusive, inviting place for residents and visitors of the present and future. Currently, there are only two main community spaces within the precinct. They are the BOYD Community Centre in Southbank and the Emerald Hill Community Centre situated at the South Melbourne Town Hall. Creating and fostering the growth of community identity through a series of well connected community hubs will not only give the precinct a special and unique identity, but see the space become a well established inner city community which is accessible, welcoming and sociable for all ages, cultural backgrounds and social groups.
Strategies
1. Expand on the existing BOYD Community Centre on Power Street x Kavanagh Street (extending from the Westgate Freeway and Kings Way) 2. Link extension of the BOYD Community Centre to the new Kings Way pedestrian and community space 3. Expand on the existing Montague School (on Montague Street) and promote it as a community space providing education for primary and secondary students 4. Proposed link of Montague community hub to affordable housing directly north in existing industrial spaces, with higher density living utilising the site as a community networking centre 5. Park Street Towers on Park Street is an iconic historial place for South Melbourne, and its surrounding underutilised car parking space can be used as an extension to the Towers as community, child care, aged care and affordable housing space 6. Green space connecting to the Park Street Towers (on Cecil Street) can be redesigned to be an all age friendly site 7. The existing Emerald Hill community space on Park Street can be expanded and promoted as a community space with the existing library and close proximity to the South Melbourne Market 8. Skinners Playground on Dorcas Street was once a vibrant community space centered around mothers and babies but has since become derilect, which could be revitalised and restored 9. Creation of a new community hub on Sturt STreet x Kings Way intersection where the proposed public transport interchange will be 10. South of Kings Way x Domain Interchange establishment of a new community hub catered more jobs and service provisions
Corresponding Directions D.01 D.03 D.04 A.01 A.02 P.01
Park Street Towers
BOYD
Montague P - 12 School
Emerald Hill (South Melbourne Library)
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public spaces
Community Spaces
Montague School extension
BOYD extension
Sturt Street x Kings Way new community hub
towards BOYD Community Centre
Domain new community hub FIGURE V22. EXTENDING THE COMMUNITY SPACE TO UNDERUTILISED SPACES SUCH AS UNDER THE FREEWAY NEXT TO THE BOYD COMMUNITY CENTRE
400m
Park Street Towers new community hub
Emerald Hill extension
FIGURE 43. COMMUNITY HUB LOCATIONS
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Skinners Playground redesign
public spaces
FIGURE 44. DOMAIN COMMUNITY PROPOSAL
FIGURE 45. BOYD COMMUNITY EXTENSION PROPOSAL
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public spaces P.04 Enhance and create green links throughout the precinct Overview
The THINKING SOUTH Precinct has many significant surrounding green spaces which through enhancement within the precinct, presents an opportunity to create better ecological connectivity. Not only will green corridors enhance biodiversity within and surrounding the precinct, it will also provide mental and social health benefits.
Strategies
1. Create a greener streetscape through plantings and revitalisation on larger roads and smaller laneways 2. Pockets of void spaces can be brought back to life with added green amenity 3. Enhance ecological connectivity through major redevelopment areas such as Kings Way and Sturt Street 4. Implement more pocket parks scattered within the precinct as stepping stones to greater green areas
Corresponding Directions D.01
FLAGSTAFF GARDENS / MELBOURNE ZOO
FITZROY GARDENS
ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS
WESTGATE PARK
ALBERT PARK
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FIGURE V23. GREENING IN LANEWAYS
FIGURE 46. GREEN SPACES PROPOSAL
FIGURE V24. GREENING ALONG LARGER ROADS
public spaces P.05 Strengthen the identity and cohesion of the precinct through urban art, signs and landmarks Overview
As this precinct has many elements in its urban envionment, creating an easily readable way finding system is needed to create a cohesive and efficient funcioning precinct. Consistent signage across the precinct will be created to direct all types of users (private vehicles, public transport users, pedestrians and cyclists). The arts precinct extension has the potential to create better signage and landmarking with its unique character.
Strategies
1. Provide signs for drivers on arterial roads with directions to points of interest 2. Provide signs for pedestrians and cyclists with directions to points of interest 3. New landmarks and arts related markers (temporary and permanent) 4. Ensure signs are easily read by all at any time of day 5. Allow open spaces to have different types of artistic expressions
Corresponding Directions D.05
FIGURE V25. SOUTHBANK BOULEVARD POTENTIAL TRANSFORMATION
67
Urban Design Framework
68
Tram Lane Configurations Light rail lanes being placed to the side of the road will ease user access and safety, and encourage people to use the public transport network.
FIGURE UD1. WITH TRANSIT SHELTERS IN BETWEEN LIGHT RAIL TRACKS
FIGURE UD2. WITH TRANSIT SHELTERS ON EITHER SIDE OF LIGHT RAIL TRACKS
69
Cycling and Vehicular Road Separation
FIGURE UD3. BUFFERED BIKE LANE
FIGURE UD4. PAINTED BIKE LANE
buffered bike lane (BBL)
painted bike lane (PBL)
FIGURE UD5. ISOLATED BIKE LAND WITH ROAD
FIGURE UD6. ISOLATED BIKE LANE WITH TRAM
isolated bike lane (IBL) (with or without tram)
Public Transport Stops and Shelters Public transport stops will provide safety and visability at all times, ranging from simple stops to premium shelters. Safety, information and easy access will facilitate those using public transport networks.
FIGURE UD7. SIMPLE STOP
70
FIGURE UD8. SHELTERED STOP
FIGURE UD9. PREMIUM STOP
Pedestrian Road Crossings FIGURE UD10. PEDESTRIAN CROSSING TYPES Various ways to create crossings will slow fast moving vehicular traffic. These urban design frameworks are inspired from those created by Urban Design London’s slow traffic document. Note: Black arrows indicate vehicular movement; red arrows indicate pedestrian movement; green arrows indicate crossing ability.
NO MEASURES
SOME INDICATION
ZEBRA CROSSING
DIVIDING VEHICULAR ACCESS
FIGURE UD11. PREFERRED SOLUTION WHICH PLACES PEDESTRIANS AT HIGHEST PRIORITY - DIVIDING AND LIMITING VEHICULAR ACCESS WITH AND GREENERY
Solid lines indicate strong connections whist dashed lines indicate otherwise.
Creating a People Orientated Intersection Creating intersections for people through examples such as: EXPANDING FOOTPATH ALLOCATE CYCLING SPACE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE GROUND TEXTURE STREET INFRASTRUCTURE
FIGURE UD12. DIVIDING THE ROAD (DARK GREY) TO ALLOW FOR PEDESTRIAN PATHS (LIGT GREY)
FIGURE UD13. GREENING THE ROAD WITH PEDESTRIAN SPACES (IE. KINGS WAY)
FIGURE UD14. UTILISING PAVEMENT TEXTURES AS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES
71
Streetscape Planting Open Space Features Black arrow: private vehicle movement Red arrow: pedestrian movement Purple arrow: cycling movement Green arrow: light rail movement
information and signs
shade from larger trees
lighting bicycle facilities resting areas
waste disposals
open space
FIGURE UD17. OPEN SPACE FEATURES
Streetscape Features pedestrian footpath
larger trees light rail
bicycle lanes vehicular roads
street lighting
smaller trees
FIGURE UD15. OPTION 1 - MAJOR PLANTINGS IN THE CENTRE OF ROAD WAYS WITH GREEN BUFFERS
72
FIIGURE UD16. OPTION 2 - MAJOR PLANTINGS IN EITHER SIDE OF THE ROAD AS BUFFERS BETWEEN PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS
FIGURE UD18. WHAT A TYPICAL 30M WIDTH OF STREETSCAPE COULD LOOK LIKE
Building Heights and Setbacks Every few floors will have access to community space to promote community enclusiveness in high rise living arrangements (every 5 floors highlighted are illustrative only) taller building height varies
18m (3 - 6 storeys)
10m tower setback
45m (~15 storeys)
5m
FIGURE UD19. BUILDING HEIGHTS AND SUNLIGHT residential / commercial potential
mixed use function to promote active street front sunlight path
3 - 5m setback
residential / commercial potential
30 - 40 m podium height
Indicative building heights and function allocations are shown in the following diagrams. They show proposals for higher developments (right), medium developments (above) and the proposed setbacks (below) to ensure elements such as view and light are not neglected.
FIGURE UD20. BUILDING HEIGHTS AND ASSOCIATED USES
extended high rise height
5m
11 - 12 m (3 storeys)
19.5m (5 storeys)
23.5m (6 storeys)
24 (- 30m) 50m varies FIGURE UD21. BUILDING HEIGHTS AND ROAD DISTANCES
FIGURE UD22. EXAMPLES OF TWO BUILDING SETBACK MEASUREMENTS
73
Implementation
74
Strategic Directions A progressive realisation of the vision, objectives and strategic directions of the THINKING SOUTH Structure Plan can be coordinated and implemented through a timeline and action guide. Implementations of the following strategic directions fall under four categories, and implementation timeframes fall under four time periods. Timeframes are not necessarily indicative of priority, but rather reflect the increased complexity and dependencies on other strategic directions.
Overall Table This table presents an overall summary of the strategic directions that the THINKING SOUTH Precinct Structure Plan proposes:
ACTION
TYPE
CORRESPONDING STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
TIMEFRAME
PD
D.02 D.06 A.02 A.03 A.04 P.01 P.02 P.03
O
Development D.01 integrate the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s land use, transport and activity D.02 promote Clarendon Street as a key retail and residential spine
PD
D.01
S
D.03 integrate mixed use and affordable housing opportunities
PD
D.04 P.03
M
D.04 preserve the precinctâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heritage and neighbourhood character D.05 enhance and expand key arts district D.06 develop Sturt Street as a retail area and link
P
D.03 D.05
O
DA
D.01 D.06 A.02 P.05
SM
D
D.01 D.05
SM
Access and Movement A.01 grade separation of pedestrian, cycling and public transport movement along Kings Way A.02 develop pedestrian and cycling connections between precinct districts with supporting facilities A.03 improve public transport network and supporting infrastructure within and extending out of the precinct A.04 develop York, Dorcas and Park Street as major east west active transport links
RDA
P.01 P.03
L
D
D.01 D.05 A.03 P.02 P.03
S
RD
D.01 A.02 A.04
ML
D
D.01 A.03
S
PRD
D.01 A.01 P.03
L
Public Spaces P.01 develop Kings Way as a public and community space destination with a vibrant streetscape P.02 optimise space beneath the Westgate Freeway to soften urban infrastructure
AD
D.01 A.02 P.01
S
P.03 promote inclusive community hubs which foster connectivity, community and public transport
DA
D.01 D.03 D.04 A.01 A.02 P.01 P.02
O
D
D.01
O
PA
D.05
S
P.04 enhance and create green links throughout the precinct P.05 strengthen the identity and cohesion of the precinct through urban art, signs and landmarks
ACTION TYPE: ACTION TIMEFRAME:
P - Policy S - Short Term (1 - 5 yrs)
KEY:
R - Research M - Medium Term (5 - 10 yrs)
D - Design & Build L - Long Term (10 - 25 yrs)
A - Advocacy O - Ongoing
75
Timeline / Schedule of Action
D.01
short term 0 - 5 yrs
D.05
A.02
D.06
P.02
P.05
76
medium term 5 - 10 yrs
D.02
A.04
D.04
D.03
P.03
P.04
long term 10 - 25 yrs
A.03
A.01
P.01
ongoing
25+ yrs
Conclusion
THINKING SOUTH will be:
WELL CONNECTED
FOR THE PEOPLE
AFFORDABLE
77
Appendix Local Government Authorities References City of Melbourne Council City of Port Phillip Council
Case Study References 798 Art District, Beijing, CHINA Cheongyecheon, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA Copenhagen Walkability, DENMARK Harbour Drive Redevelopment, Portland, USA Highline Redevelopment, New York City, USA Lab of Troy Living Streets, BELGIUM Market Hall, Rotterdam, AMSTERDAM Merril Developmentsm Ohama, USA Overtown Pedestrian Mall, Miami, FL, USA Playing Out, UK SPARK Conceptual Vertical Farming Hybrid Project, SINGAPORE Urban Green Space, Rotterdam, AMSTERDAM
Other References Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census Data 2011 Creating Places for People: An Urban Design Protocol for Australian Cities City of Melbourne Heritage Strategy City of Melbourne Municipal Strategic Statement City of Melbourne Thematic History - A history of the City of Melbourne’s Environment 2012 Clarendon Street Charter Economy ID Emerald Hill Precinct Plan 2013 Fishermans Bend Plan Google Earth Google Maps Inner Melbourne Action Plan Briefing Paper for St Kilda Road 2008 Intensifying Melbourne (Transit Orientated Urban Design for Resilient Urban Futures) 2014 Land.Vic.Gov.Au Melbourne Arts Precinct Blueprint Melbourne Metro Rail Project Melbourne Planning Scheme Heritage Places Inventory July 2008 Melbourne What’s Next 2014 Open Street Map Plan Melbourne 2014 Port Phillip Housing Association LTD
78
Profile ID Public Transport Victoria Social Atlas ID South Melbourne Central Structure Plan & Implementation Strategy August 2007 South Melbourne Central Urban Design Framework August 2007 South Melbourne Streetscape Master Plan South Port Community Group Southbank Business Plan 2013 - 2016 Southbank Community Plan 2004 Southbank Strcture Plan 2010 Urban Design London (UDL) (2015) Slow Streets Sourcebook
Theorists Gehl, Jan (1987) ‘Life Between Buildings’ Jacobs, Jane (1961) ‘The Death and Life of Great American Cities’ Lynch, Kevin (1960) ‘The City and its Elements’ Salingaros, Nikos A (2005) ‘Principles of Urban Structure’
Figure Index DESCRIPTION FIGURE SC1. METROPOLITAN CONTEXT FIGURE SC2. LOCAL CONTEXT FIGURE SC3. AREA OF INTEREST LOCATION MAP
REF
PAGE
FIGURE 29. AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROPOSAL
MX
46
FIGURE V16. KINGS WAY ASPIRATION
TB; MX
59
GS; MX
10
FIGURE 30. TYPES OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
MX
47
FIGURE V17. KINGS WAY ASPIRATION
TB; MX
59
10
FIGURE 31. ART DISTRICT EXPANSION
TB; MX
49
MX
61
TB
50
FIGURE V18. COMMUNITY POTENTIAL IN UNDERPASSES
FIGURE 33. KINGS WAY PROPOSAL SECTION
TB; GS
52
FIGURE V19. PEDESTRIANISED KINGS WAY
MX
61
FIGURE 34. KINGS WAY CURRENT ELEVATION
MX
53
FIGURE V20. TEMPORARY EVENT SPACES
MX
62
FIGURE V21. AN INVITING SPACE UNDER THE WESTGATE
MX
62
FIGURE V22. EXTENSION OF THE BOYD COMMUNITY CENTRE TO UNDERPASS
MX
64
GS; MX GS; MX
10
FIGURE SC4. COUNCIL BOUNDARIES
MX
10
FIGURE 1. PRECINCT BOUNDARIES
MX
11
FIGURE 2. PHOTO CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE
MX
12
GS; MX
16
FIGURE 4. ROAD NETWORK
GS; MX
17
FIGURE 5. CONECTIVITY AT A BROADER SCALE
AG; GS; MX
18
FIGURE 3. HOUSING DENSITY
FIGURE 6. TRAVEL MODE FIGURE 7. EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK
GS; MX
19
FIGURE 32. STURT STREET REDEVELOPMENT MAP
FIGURE 35. KINGS WAY ASPIRATIONAL ELEVATION
MX
53
TB; MX
54
MX
55
FIGURE V23. GREENING UNDERUTILISED LANEWAYS
MX
66
FIGURE 38. PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK AT GREATER SCALE
AG; GS; MX
56
FIGURE V24. GREENING ON LARGER ROADS
MX
66
FIGURE 39. PROPOSED EAST – WEST LIGHT RAIL LINK
AG; GS; MX
56
FIGURE V25. SPACE TRANSFORMATION FOR IDENTITY
MX
67
FIGURE 40. CREATING A BETTER CONNECTED PRECINCT
GS
57
FIGURE UD1. TRAM LANE CONFIGURATIONS 1
MX
59
FIGURE UD2. TRAM LANE CONFIGURATIONS 2
MX
59
60
FIGURE 36. PROPOSED BICYCLE NETWORK FIGURE 37. PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK PROPOSAL
MX
19
TB; MX
20
FIGURE 9. KEY CONNECTIONS AND NODES
MX
21
FIGURE 10. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
MX
22
FIGURE 41. KINGS WAY DEVELOPMENT AXONOMETRIC
MX
FIGUER 11. LANDMARKS
MX
23
FIGURE 42. WESTGATE UNDERPASS POTENTIAL
MX
62
FIGURE 12. EXISTING LAND USE
AG; MX
24
FIGURE 43. COMMUNITY HUB LOCATIONS
MX
64
FIGURE 13. HERITAGE OVERLAY
AG; MX
25
FIGURE 44. DOMAIN COMMUNITY PROPOSAL
TB
65
FIGURE 14. COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
TB; MX
26
FIGURE 45. BOYD EXTENSION PROPOSAL
TB
66
FIGURE 15. SITE CHARACTER
TB; MX
27
FIGURE 46. GREEN SPACES PROPOSAL
MX
65
MX
28
FIGURE V1. CREATING ARTIST SPACES
MX
36
GS; MX
30
FIGURE V2. UNITY OF HERITAGE AND THE ARTS
TB; MX
36
FIGURE 18. OBSERVED CONSTRAINTS
MX
31
FIGURE V3. DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING
MX
37
FIGURE 19. OVERALL OPPORTUNITIES
TB; MX
35
MX
37
FIGURE 20. ARTS PRECINCT EXPANSION POTENTIAL
TB; MX
36
FIGURE V4. HIGHER DENSITY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
FIGURE 21. HOUSEHOLD INCOME COMPARISON
ABS
37
FIGURE V5. STREETSCAPE REVITALISATION
MX
38
FIGURE 22. POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTION
PLAN MEL-
37
FIGURE V6. MIX USE AND REDEVELOPMENT
MX
38
MX
MX
43
FIGURE V7. RECLAIMING SPACE FOR CHILDREN ON THE STREETS
MX
CITY OF PORT PHILLIP
43
FIGURE V8. RECLAIMING CORNER SPACES FOR ALL AGE FRIENDLY PLACES FIGURE V9. IMPROVED STREETSCAPE GREENING
MX
40
FIGURE 25. NORTH – SOUTH CLARENDON STREET ELEVATION OF CURRENT CONDITIONS
MX
44
FIGURE V10. REVITALISING UNDERPASSES WITH ART
MX
41
FIGURE V11. REVITALISING ROADS
MX
41
FIGURE 26. NORTH – SOUTH CLARENDON STREET ASPIRATIONAL CHANGES
MX
44
FIGURE V12. ACTIVATING STREET FRONT OF CLARENDON STREET
TB; MX
45
FIGURE 27. SOUTH – NORTH CLARENDON SREET ELEVATION OF CURRENT CONDITIONS
MX
45
FIGURE V13. MIXED USE AFFORDABILITY
MX
47
FIGURE V14. HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
MX
47
FIGURE 28. SOUTH – NORTH CLARENDON STREET ASPIRATIONAL CHANGES
MX
FIGURE V15. CREATING ART LANEWAYS
MX
49
FIGURE 8. EXISTING BICYCLE NETWORK
FIGURE 16. SITE ANALYSIS FIGURE 17. KEY ISSUES SITES
FIGURE 23. INTEGRATION OF LAND USE AND TRANSPORT FIGURE 24. ACTIVATING STREET CORNERS
45
FIGURE UD3. CYCLING BUFFERED BIKE LANE
MX
70
FIGURE UD4. CYCLING PAINTED BIKE LANE
MX
70
FIGURE UD5. CYCLING ISOLATED BIKE LANE WITH ROAD
MX
70
FIGURE UD6. CYCLING ISOLATED BIKE LANE WITH TRAM
MX
70
FIGURE UD7. SIMPLE STOP CONFIGURATION
MX
70
FIGURE UD8. SHELTERED STOP CONFIGURATION
MX
70
FIGURE UD9. PREMIUM STOP CONFIGURATION
MX
70
FIGURE UD10. TYPES OF ROAD CROSSINGS
UDL; MX
71
FIGURE UD11. PREFERRED ROAD CROSSING
UDL; MX
71
FIGURE UD12. ROAD INTERSECTION CONFIGURATION 1
UDL; MX
71
FIGURE UD13. ROAD INTERSECTION CONFIGURATION 2
UDL; MX
71
39
FIGURE UD14. ROAD INTERSECTION CONFIGURATION 3
UDL; MX
71
39
FIGURE UD15. STREETSCAPE PLANTING 1
MX
72
FIGURE UD16. STREETSCAPE PLANTING2
MX
72
FIGURE UD17. OPEN SPACE FEATURES
MX
72
FIGURE UD18. STREETSCAPE FEATURES
MX
72
FIGURE UD19. BUILDING HEIGHTS AND LIGHT
MX
73
FIGURE UD20. BUILDING HEIGHTS AND USE
MX
73
FIGURE UD21. BUILDING HEIGHTS AND ROAD DISTANCES
MX
73
FIGURE UD22. BUILDING SETBACK MEASUREMENTS
MX
73
79