The Northern Echo 42

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Published monthly and distributed thru out the communities of northern Manitoba *(plus) Issue # 42

April 2015

Circulation 12,000

UFO Crash Lands in Manitoba !

Aliens or Military ?

Seen By Many and Reported By Different Individuals !

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Manitoba & RCMP News

Cranberry Portage RCMP arrest armed man On February 26, 2015 at approximately 11:32am, Cranberry Portage RCMP responded to a report of an armed man at a local residence.

Police say that as a precaution, Frontier Collegiate Institute and Cranberry Portage Elementary were locked down for approximately one hour.

RCMP report that the man was arrested without incident. Assisting in this situation was both The Pas and Flin Flon RCMP.

dered conditions. He is also bound by multiple court orders and conditions all relating to violence related offences.

Blake Clemons is described as being approximately 6’2? tall and weighs approximately 220 lbs. He has tribal art and barbed wire tattoos on his neck as well as scars on both eyebrows.

Clemons has been involved in multiple violence related offences and should not be approached by any member of the public. He is believed to be in Thompson, Manitoba, and is currently hiding from the RCMP. If anyone has any information regarding the whereabouts of Blake Benedict Clemons, please contact Thompson RCMP at 204-677-7197.

Thompson RCMP charge man in drug bust

RCMP charge woman after stolen items appear on Kijiji

On February 23, 2015, Thompson RCMP General Investigative Section (GIS) received information that a male was transporting drugs to Thompson. A traffic stop was conducted on Mystery Lake Road by members of Thompson GIS, Thompson RCMP and the North District Crime Reduction Enforcement Support Team (CREST).

RCMP report that Jami Genik, 22, of Riverton, Manitoba, has been charged with possession of stolen property, break and enter, and theft.

Steinbach On March 1, 2015, while conducting patrols of the Frantz Motor Inn, police were attempting to identify a male who had made threatening remarks to the bar security.

A Riverton, Manitoba, woman is facing numerous charges after trying to sell stolen property on Kijiji.

The male refused to cooperate with police at which point he was placed under arrest. During the arrest, the male assaulted the arresting police officer. Police were able to gain control of the male at which point he was arrested.

Andrew Liam McGuirk, 19, of Steinbach, Manitoba, was arrested for assaulting a police officer, resisting arrest and being disorderly in a license premises.

A Winnipeg man will be facing drug-related charges after being arrested by Thompson RCMP.

Wanted: Blake Benedict Clemons Thompson RCMP are seeking the public’s assistance in locating a violent offender, 31-year-old Blake Benedict Clemons.

Blake Benedict Clemons of Thompson, Manitoba, currently has an arrest warrant for assault causing bodily harm and failing to comply with court or-

RCMP report that a total of 14.5 kg of marijuana, a Chevrolet Silverado pick-up truck and two cell phones were seized. The male driver, a Winnipeg resident, has been arrested and charges are pending.

On January 19, 2015, Arborg RCMP responded to report of a break and enter at a residence in the RM of Bifrost. The complainant advised police that a number of items were missing from the home, including an undisclosed amount of cash, electronics and other household objects.

On January 20, 2015, police received a report that some of the items stolen from the residence appeared to be for sale on Kijiji. Upon further investigation, RCMP were able to locate a suspect and recover some of the stolen items.

If you have any important news you would like to share with other Northern Manitoba Communities...

DO NOT HESITATE... e-mail the information to: northernews@mymts.net (or call 1-204-978-0777)

Just like a flyer A Nonprofit Publication Published Monthly by local businesses and distributed thru out the Communities of Northern Manitoba To place an Ad please call: 1-204-978-3888

Border Report: January 2015 The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) is pleased to share a sample of January 2015 highlights from the border crossings in southern Manitoba. This sampling underscores the CBSA’s commitment to protecting Canada’s security and prosperity.

Northern Echo Printed at Winnipeg Sun 1700 Church Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2X 3A2 Telephone: 1.204.694.2022

page 3 - In January, officers in southern Manitoba made several seizures of pepper spray, which is considered a prohibited weapon in Canada. On January 4, Emerson officers seized three cans of pepper spray from a U.S. woman en route to Alaska. She was issued a $1,500 penalty and allowed to continue north.

- On January 20, Emerson officers seized another can of pepper spray from a U.S. commercial truck driver. He was issued a $500 penalty and allowed to continue into Canada to complete his delivery.

- A number of drug seizures were made in January. The most significant was at Boissevain, where officers seized 52 grams of marijuana from a California woman travelling on January 28, as well as an undeclared can of pepper spray.

She was issued a penalty of $1,050 for the two seized items and returned to the U.S. - On January 13, Winkler officers seized three grams of marijuana and one gram of suspected methamphetamine from a U.S. commercial truck driver concealed in a cigarette package. Local authorities charged the man under the Controlled Drug and Substance Act. He was released under

THOMPSON

promise to appear in provincial court at a later date. If convicted, the man would be inadmissible to Canada for criminality.

cepted a returning Canadian wanted on a Manitoba-wide warrant for an outstanding sexual assault charge and failure to appear. The man was taken into custody and turned over to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

- On the same day, Emerson officers arrested a Manitoba man for driving while under the influence of alcohol. The man had denied drinking any alcohol since Christmas; however, officers smelled alcohol on him and performed a test with an approved screening device which confirmed his blood alcohol content was over the legal limit.

The man was turned over to the local RCMP.

- Emerson officers seized 1.6 grams of suspected marijuana from an Alberta man on January 18. The drugs were seized and he was allowed to continue on his journey after examination.

- On January 24, Coulter officers seized an undeclared .22 long rifle from a U.S. man travelling to Winnipeg for the weekend. Since the rifle was a non-restricted firearm, it could be returned upon payment of a penalty. The man paid a minimal fine as the firearm was also disassembled at the time, and officers believed his genuinely surprised reaction when the gun was found in the stock of his truck box. The man opted to have the firearm held (up to 40 days) by the CBSA. - On January 25, Boissevain officers inter-

Yellowhead RCMP make multiple arrests in drug and firearms incident Shoal Lake, Manitoba - March 18, 2015 On March 14, 2015, just before 10:00 am, Yellowhead RCMP received a report that someone in a vehicle on Highway 354, south of Strathclair, was shooting a rifle out of the car windows. Nobody was injured. RCMP responded immediately, and located the suspect at a residence in the RM of Strathclair just before noon.

When police entered the residence, the suspect was found with two other individuals. Cocaine

and other drug paraphernalia were visible in the room and seen by police. All three individuals were arrested by RCMP. Thomas Lee, 28, of Winnipeg, is charged with Careless Use of a Firearm, Possession for the Purpose of Trafficking Cocaine, Possession of Cocaine and Trafficking Cocaine. He was also wanted on outstanding charges of Possession for the Purpose of Trafficking Cocaine, Possession of Cocaine, Possess Property Obtained by Crime, Uttering Threats, and many Breach of Court Conditions. Lee remains in custody.

Jennelle Walters, 26, of Winnipeg, is charged with Possession for the Purpose of Trafficking Cocaine, Possession of Cocaine. She is currently on a Recognizance for previous charges of Fraud Under $5000 x4, False Pretence, Possess Stolen Property and Use Forged Document as well as missing a previous court date. Walters remains in custody.

Fabian Pendl, 20, from the Killarney area, is charged with Possession of Cocaine, Possession continued on page 4

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continued from page 3 for the Purpose of Trafficking Cocaine, and Possession of Temazepam. Pendl was released on a Promise to Appear.

Those who traffic in illicit drugs destroy lives, homes and communities. The RCMP remains fully committed to enforcing laws against illicit drugs to their fullest extent.

Anyone with information regarding drug trafficking is asked to call their local police agency or RCMP detachment, or call Crime Stoppers anonymously at 1-800-222-8477, submit a secure tip online at www.manitobacrimestoppers.com or text “TIPMAN” plus your message to CRIMES (274637).

Thompson RCMP make drug trafficking arrests

Thompson, Manitoba, - On March 10, 2015, Thompson RCMP executed a search warrant at a hotel in Thompson, Mani-

toba. As a result of the search, RCMP seized approximately three pounds of marihuana, three and a half grams of cocaine, cell phones, scales and a significant amount of cash.

Gregory Dick, 46, of Thompson is charged with Possession of Marihuana for the Purpose of Trafficking, Possession of Proceeds of Crime, Possession of Cocaine for the Purpose of Trafficking and Breach of Probation x2 Shayla Kitchekeesik, 21, of Thompson is charged with Posession of Marihuana for the Purpose of Trafficking and Possession of Cocaine for the Purpose of Trafficking and Breach of Recognizance x2.

Beware of “white money” scam Winnipeg, Manitoba, March 5, 2014 – RCMP in Manitoba are warning the public to be aware of a “white money” scam that has been reported in the province.

The scam usually targets residents selling high priced items and cash only deals. The perpetrators convince potential victims to meet them in person so they can be shown a large sum of money they will receive.

The overall objective is to have the victim part with legitimate money in exchange for worthless paper in future business deals with the suspects.

Potential victims are shown actual money which is then placed between two pieces of white paper. The paper is then sprayed with a chemical. Through sleight of hand, real money is then substituted for the “white money” in attempts to make the victim believe that paper can be converted into currency.

The RCMP reminds residents to be vigilant in watching for this scam. If you have been approached by individuals with "white money" for a large cash purchase or business deal, please contact your local RCMP detachment.

There are now a few more options to fly out of northern Manitoba.

Missinippi Airways launched a new flight connection from The Pas to Saskatoon, with a stop in Flin Flon.

The airline will offer the flight every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, aboard a nine-seater plane.

Missinippi Airways is offering a new flight connection from The Pas to Saskatoon, with a stop in Flin Flon. A one way ticket

8 things you need to know before claiming new family tax cut Call it income splitting-lite. The version of the family tax credit announced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper last October was a tweaked version of a family income-splitting announcement he'd first made in the throes of the 2011 election campaign.

The tweaks were aimed at addressing earlier criticism that the measure would only serve to worsen the growing gap between the country's rich and poor, with the biggest tax benefits reserved for the richest families.

But even after the tweaks, critics say it's a goodie that will benefit only 15 per cent of Canadian families.

And independent analysts have said the biggest tax savings will still go to families with incomes of more than $233,000 a year.

Changes to the universal child care benefit: - Benefit rises from $100 to $160 a month for each child under age 6, effective Jan. 1, 2015.

- New benefit of $60 a month for each child between

ages 6 and 17, effective Jan. 1, 2015.

- Above benefits will not be reflected until the July 2015 payments, resulting in a retroactive adjustment.

- The enhanced UCCB will replace the current child tax credit as of 2015. But the UCCB changes will not replace the Canada child tax benefit (CCTB) you may currently receive.

The government counters that the other parts of its family tax-relief package — enhancements to the universal child care benefit (UCCB) and increases in the child care expense deduction — will benefit all families with children under the age of 18.

But the changes in those two measures will only take effect this year, with the first lump sum payments arriving in July 2015, just a few months ahead of an expected fall election.

Only the income-splitting part of the family package is in effect for the 2014 tax year. So, it's something Cana-

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page 5 for the flight costs around $450.

Missinippi Airways is owned by Mathias Colomb First Nation near Pukatawagan, Manitoba.

Ice Road Trucker Alex Debogorski delivers food to St. Theresa Point After a month of collecting food donations, six pallets have been delivered to St. Theresa Point in northern Manitoba.

The Emergency Northern Food Drive was started by Clarina Taylor in early February.

"The issue was just seeing if I could get just a little bit of food to go up there," says Taylor. "I thought, 'Oh, I will fill up the back of my car, you know, the four or five boxes.'"

The Gimli woman has family in St. Theresa Point and got the idea for a food drive after seeing her cousin post on Facebook dian families need to familiarize themselves with now as they prepare to file their returns.

Here are the broad strokes of the family tax cut: - It applies only to two-parent families with at least one child under the age of 18 — so, no single parents, no families where both parents are in the same tax bracket, and no childless couples need apply.

- It allows the higher-income spouse or common-law partner to effectively transfer up to $50,000 of taxable income to their lower-income partner.

- The amount of tax that could be saved by this transfer becomes a non-refundable tax credit that can be claimed by either spouse.

- The credit is capped at $2,000.

Some of the popular annual tax preparation books that are on the shelves now don't mention the family tax cut as it wasn't announced until late October. But all of the CRA-certified tax software programs take this income-splitting measure into account. So, for those who've been reluctant to use tax software, this may be the year to bite the bullet and start familiarizing

about boycotting the Northern store because of high prices.

"I can't even just imagine the food prices. A can of soup being three of four times the price," said Taylor. "You can't feed your family on just that."

As donations started to pour in, Taylor started looking for a free way to get the food to the isolated community.

She decided to send emails and post on the Ice Road Truckers Facebook page and ask for help. Polar Industry driver and History Channel star Alex Debogorski stepped up.

"I was beaming from ear to ear, it was the best news ever."

Debogorski left Monday on the ice road and arrived in St. Theresa Point on Tuesday.

This act of giving will be featured in an episode on the History Channel. Taylor says she never expected the food drive to get so much attention.

"The very best outcome is that there is now a larger audience as far as looking at the issue of food prices, I know that it is a relevant issue."

There are 958 families in St. Theresa Point. Taylor says the chief and council will determine how to hand out the food.

In total, she collected enough food and cash donations to pack up three pallets. Winnipeg Harvest matched her donation with another three pallets.

"If you think about six pallets of food it's not going to get too far, but at least it's going to help a little bit," says Taylor.

Wild boar a problem for SK Call it the invasion of the wild boars.

In just a decade, Saskatchewan could see a larger population of yourself with the programs. ?That's because critics say the new family tax credit isn't the easiest thing to figure out. "Gaining access to income splitting will also require the correct calculation of up to 85 new steps in the 2014 tax forms," says a report from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, an Ottawa-based think tank.

"Given the complexity of the benefit — not only of the calculations but even of its basic understanding — it will almost certainly be misunderstood by tax filers."

Here are some other wrinkles that might not be immediately apparent: - The family tax credit results from what's called a "notional" transfer of income, not an actual split (as with pension income splitting). Income isn't actually transferred from one spouse's return to the other's. Since each individual's actual net income and taxable income doesn't change, there will be no provincial tax savings. This is a federal tax benefit only. Another implication of this "notional" transfer is that benefits that are based on a tax filer's net income, like the GST/HST credit, the Canada child tax benefit and the age amount will not be affected.

feral pigs than its 1.1 million human beings.

That's according to a University of Saskatchewan professor, who says they're not cute and cuddly but potentially damaging to property and to other animals.

"Certainly, the biggest concern I would have is the potential for disease transmission," said Ryan Brook, a professor in the Department of Animal Science at the University of Saskatchewan.

"There's quite a number of important pig diseases to be really worried about."

Brook and his team have taken to the skies via planes and a helicopter as well as using ground search crews to seek out the wild boars.

They collar them with GPS tracking devices as part of Canada's first movement study of feral pigs.

"Where are these animals going? How long are they living? We do have some anecdotal evidence that suggests that there are animals that have moved to the United States from Saskatchewan," Brook said.

Many rural municipalities, particularly in southern Saskatchewan, have reported their findings of wild boars to the U of S search team.

But even with their ballooning population, feral pigs are difficult to find; often emerging at night.

A majority of the photos the team has collected are through night vision cameras.

The challenge of finding them compared to other animals is "easily five times the work," Brook said, adding, "they are there.

It's just a matter of finding them."

The team at the University of Saskatchewan says its work is focused on tracking the scope of the population and where the boars move.

Brook said they will leave it up to rural municipalities and legislators to decide what action and laws may need to be put in place.

- It doesn't matter how many children under age 18 the family has. Having one child or 10 makes a big difference to a family's financial picture, but it makes no difference for the purposes of this credit.

- To be an "eligible" family, there must be at least one child under the age of 18 at the end of the year, and that child must reside with the couple throughout the year. But there are exceptions. If a child is born, adopted or dies during the year, the credit can still be claimed. If one of the spouses or commonlaw partners dies, the credit will still be available.

- Even though the implementing legislation for the family tax credit hasn't been passed yet, the CRA takes the position that the measure is already the law of the land.

- Both spouses must file 2014 tax returns and be Canadian residents to claim the credit.

- Both spouses must also not split any pension income they may have.

- If either spouse has declared bankruptcy, neither can claim the family tax credit in the year bankruptcy is declared.

- If a child lives with both parents through the year, either parent may claim the credit — but not both.

page 6

from across Canada

Monthly

Police reviewing arrest

Review

Calgary real estate market seeing drop in house sales, increase in inventory Calgary real estate is continuing on a trend the city has not seen in years: a dramatic drop in house sales.

The drop in sales has led to a growing inventory in Calgary's housing market. The combination of the two is making for some uncertainty among consumers.

"Things are a little bit slower right now, a lot of the buyers are sitting on the fence," said Remax Realtor Sam Patel.

The Calgary Real Estate Board says there were 1,217 home sales in February, down 34 per cent compared to the same month last year.

The average price fell by four per cent to $462,000.

Ann-Marie Lurie , senior economist with CREB says the drop in home sales is in part due to the uncertainty about what is going to happen to the market in the future.

"The consumer confidence, we think, is impacting the amount of sales activity that's why you're seeing a lot less sales occur in the market," she said.

Patel says that while some of his clients are taking the waitand-see approach, others are taking advantage of the wider selection and slightly lower house prices.

Lurie says it's too early to characterize this as a "buyer's market," even though the number of properties up for sale has more than doubled from this time last year.

Yukon woodcutter Romeo Leduc loses appeal in bear case A Yukon man fined for pouring water into a bear den has lost his appeal.

Romeo Leduc was charged and convicted last year.

He was frustrated by an imposed no-cut zone around the bear den on his wood lot near Haines Junction.

Leduc never denied pouring water into the den, but he tried to argue the no-cut zone was invalid.

He also asked the appeal judge to reduce his sentence.

Yukon Supreme Court Justice Leigh Gower refused.

He found that Leduc had no valid grounds for appeal.

Leduc must pay a $2,000 fine and take a hunter education course.

Victoria police knee teen girl in ribs during arrest 16-year-old will likely face charge of resisting arrest A 16-year-old girl was kneed in the ribs and had her face pushed into the ground during an arrest, prompting the Victoria Police Department to review the conduct of two officers.?

The aggressive takedown on Feb. 27 was caught on video by a bystander and posted on Facebook.

The teenager said she had been trying to protect an abandoned dog when she was apprehended. Now she will likely be charged with resisting arrest, and consequently cannot be named under the Youth Criminal Justice Act. "I am really skinny. Do we really need three officers and animal control to put me on the ground? I think that is completely uncalled for," she told reporters.

"It was so traumatizing, I have never been arrested … it was just cruel and horrible."

The video shows the officers talking to the teenager and then physically subduing her when she becomes agitated.

According to the teenager, an animal control officer tried to take away the abandoned dog, and when she intervened, the officer also threatened to take away her dog. That's when she said the Victoria police were called in.

"I'm resisting arrest because I was trying to figure out why they had the right to arrest me and take my dog, and they're not answering my questions and they just persist with trying to hurt me."

She was taken into custody and remained there for a few hours.

Const. Mike Russell said the Victoria police are reviewing the arrest.

"Members will be looking at that video, finding out exactly what happened and making sure it was by the book and that everything was OK," he said.

David Jones, a former police officer, said the takedown was difficult for both the officers and the teenager.

"She was really putting up a fight there and those two big guys were really having a bit of a time trying to restrain her," he said.

"And, so at that point when you are not able to contain the person, the best thing to do to stabilize the situation is to get them on the ground fast."

The teenager said she plans to file a complaint with the Office of the Police Complaint Commissioner.

Computer expert warns Canadians: Watch out for 'Superfish' A Whitehorse computer expert is warning Canadians about a computer vulnerability — and he's mentioning one computer brand by name.

Martin Lehner is a security expert at Orange Technology in Whitehorse. He says users of Lenovo computers should get their computers checked for pre-installed software.

Computer expert warns Canadians Watch out for 'Superfish' Lehner says many Lenovo computers have software called, "Superfish", which is installed at the factory.

The software is designed to wedge sponsored advertising into web sites, but in doing so opens a door to hackers.

"There are a lot of users here in Yukon," Lehner says. "This is something people should be aware of."

page 7 Lehner says online banking, retail sites and other protected sites, such as social media, can be compromised thanks to the software.

"Every few months there's something new," he says. "This seems to be something you can uninstall, but we have to give it some time to see if it will rectify the issue."

Lehner's company doesn't sell the Lenovo brand, but he's willing to look at the computers for free. "It serves no one’s interest to have highly vulnerable systems out there," he says.

In the United-States, a class-action lawsuit is seeking compensation from Lenovo, which has pledged to change its ways and no longer install the software on its computers.

The use of the software, sometimes called adware or malware, is found on Lenovo computers sold between September and December 2014.

Shaganappi drug bust: 5 people charged

by Calgary police Five people have been charged in connection to a drug trafficking operation being run out of a home in the southwest Calgary community of Shaganappi.

Calgary police executed a search warrant in the 1700 block of 28th Street S.W. Thursday.

One of the suspects suffered minor injuries after jumping from a second-storey window in an attempt to escape, according to police. The man was arrested by the tactical unit, who had the house surrounded.

Inside the home, police say they found $10,000 worth of drugs, drug trafficking tools, a shotgun, two airsoft replica handguns and stolen property.

Police say six stolen vehicles were recovered nearby over the course of the seven-week investigation and are believed to be associated with the address.

The five people have been charged with a combined total of 31 counts related to drug trafficking, firearms and possession of stolen property. Police say three of the suspects had various outstanding warrants.

Canadian consumer debt, including mortgages hits $1.53 trillion TORONTO - Consumers are continuing to pile on debt despite economic uncertainty created by the sharp drop in oil prices.

Credit monitoring agency Equifax says consumer debt, including mortgage debt, rose to $1.529 trillion at the end of 2014.

That was up 7.7 per cent from $1.42 trillion at the end of 2013, including a 1.1 per cent increase in the latest quarter.

Compared with the same quarter last year, Equifax says na-

tional consumer demand for credit was driven mainly by credit cards. Bank and auto inquiries also increased.

But to some British Columbians, the province’s ferries should always be built in B.C. Seaspan was the only Canadian company shortlisted for the job, but it withdrew due to the demands of other work required for the federal government.

The new ferries’ general hull shape has been determined even though the entire ship design has still to be completed, Wilson said.

All the ferries will be identical — 351 feet long, with capacity of 145 vehicles and 600 passengers.

The total budget is $252 million. That covers financing and project management, plus $51 million for Canadian taxes and federal import duties, B.C. Ferries said in its announcement.

Meanwhile, the average debt held by Canadians, excluding mortgages, totalled $20,967 at the end of last year, Equifax says.

Despite concerns about consumer debt, the 90-day-plus delinquency rate has remained the same or declined in most regions, coming in at 1.09 per cent nationally in the fourth quarter, the lowest since 2008.

Polish shipyard cuts steel on LNG-powered vessels for B.C. Ferries The first of three new intermediate-class vessels for B.C. Ferries is now under construction at a Gdansk shipyard on the Baltic Sea. Steel was cut for the first time on Friday, marking the start of construction of modules that will make up the hull. B.C. Ferries officials were on hand for the ceremony at Remontowa Shipbuilding S.A. in northern Poland.

B.C. Ferries is paying Remontowa $165 million to design, build and deliver the ferries. The first is expected to arrive in late summer 2016.

“It’s exciting that we are able to replace some assets that are approaching 50 years of age,” Mark Wilson, vice-president of engineering for B.C. Ferries, said Monday.

“These will be a significant advancement forward in terms of technology that is going to drive operational efficiencies and improve elements of safety.”

The first ship will replace the 49-year-old Queen of Burnaby, operating between Comox and Powell River. The next ship will take over for the 50-year-old Queen of Nanaimo, which serves the Southern Gulf Islands-Tsawwassen route. The third vessel will be used in peak and shoulder seasons on the Southern Gulf Islands run and to serve as a relief vessel.

The ferries will be the first in the fleet to rely on liquefied natural gas, with low-sulphur diesel fuel as a backup.

Polish news agencies covered the start of the Ferries job, pointing out the economic value of the contract. Remontowa is considered a global leader in LNG-powered vessels.

Polish shipyard worker welds Canadian coin to a piece of the hull Companies shortlisted for the job were Remontowa, Fiskerstrand BLRT AS of Norway, Sefine Shipyard of Turkey, Seaspan Vancouver Shipyards of North Vancouver and Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft of Germany, the company that built the three Coastal ferries for B.C. Ferries. Seaspan withdrew early this year, citing other commitments.

Remontowa was not the lowest bidder and cost was not the only factor, Wilson said. B.C. Ferries staff toured other shortlisted yards, evaluating bids using criteria such as experience building LNG vessels, ability to meet the deadline, overall design, and adherence to the shipbuilding contract.

The new ferries will be the first in the fleet to be able to run on LNG and diesel. Currently, LNG is about half the price of diesel and is greener as well, B.C. Ferries said. In the last fiscal year, it spent $126 million on fuel, which represents about 20 per cent of operating costs.

B.C. Ferries is also examining whether it makes sense to convert its two Spirit-class ferries to LNG, he said. Several local companies have expressed interest in supplying LNG, Wilson said.

B.C. Ferries has set up an office in Gdansk for the duration of the project. There are two Ferries staff and that will grow in the next few months to five or six staff, Wilson said.

Those staffers are working with 300 drawings, covering about 10 major categories, that need to be finalized, Wilson said.

These include hull, electrical and ventilation systems. Wilson expects it will take another two to three months to reach the designfinalization stage.

page 8

2015 Ford F-150:Better fuel economy, but NOT TOPin trucks tact with one another,” Bloomberg reports. “The auto-body repair industry also has less experience with differences in how aluminum springs back from impacts compared with steel.”

“Aluminum has a very poor memory and it resists straightening attempts,” Jeff Poole, a coordinator for the collision-repair industry training organization I-CAR, said in an April webinar.

“Experience really pays dividends here, and this is where we’ve got a learning curve ahead of us.”

Ford said the most fuel-efficient version of “This is the biggest bet of the show and maybe one of the the 2015 F-150, 4x2, featuring a 2.7-liter Eco- biggest bets ever in the car industry,” Mike Jackson, chief execuBoost engine, will get up to 26 mpg on the tive officer of AutoNation, said in an interview with the news servhighway, 19 mpg in the city and 22 mpg in ice. “Ford is going to have to execute, and building at that volume combined driving. By comparison, the most in aluminum has never been done in the history of the automobile fuel-efficient version of the 2014 F-150 was business. And there are reasons it hasn’t been done: it’s expensive, rated to deliver 23 mpg on the highway, 17 and it’s complicated and it’s difficult to work with.” mpg in the city and 19 mpg combined.

Still, you can't call the new F-Series the most The question of repair fuel-efficient pickup truck on the market. That distinction goes to Chrysler's 2015 Ram 3-liter Light-metal skeptics point to vehicle repair as a perceived EcoDiesel V6 4x2, which runs on diesel fuel and Achilles heel of aluminum. The cost will be somewhat higher. promises to deliver up to 28 mpg on the high“Currently, the use of aluminium adds cost to accident reway, 20 mpg in the city and 23 mpg in com- pairs, mainly due to facility, tooling and material costs. Labor bined driving. times are comparable to steel repairs.

*** However, as with any new product, there are some issues that will need further ironing as the aluminum-clad F-150 is rolling out.

Unfortunately for Ford, though, these issues are more present on the customer side. They might take on the form of higher insurance rates and a shortage of body shops that are certified to work on such extensive use of aluminum.

Bloomberg reports that just 10 percent of the 30,000 or so independent repair shops in the United States (less in Canada) are certified and meet the training and equipment requirements to work with aluminum auto-body parts. Some dealerships will handle body work in-house, but the vast majority is handled by independent parties.

Ford is reportedly aware that the new material will result in an estimated 10 - 12 percent jump in insurance costs probably by mid 2016 but is counting on customers realizing those costs as an exchange for improved fuel economy.

For repair shops, the issues are far more material and come down to being well-versed in aluminum and knowledgeable about its differences from steel, which has long been the industry at large’s modus operandi. “Repair shops need separate hand tools for aluminum and steel such as wire brushes, grinders and sanders, because corrosion can happen when dissimilar metals come in con-

INTERNET OPINIONS Newy88man I don't understand why everyone keeps saying that aluminum doesn't rust. I know that technically, the process of oxidation for ferrous metals is called "rust", but the implication is that aluminum doesn't corrode. But it does, and quite aggressively, depending on the exact alloy. I'd like to know which alloy they're using, and what protective coating they are using.

PredsonJeff I believe several Audi cars have been aluminum monocoupe bodies for several years. I think a big deal is how to repair any structural damage beyond pounding out dents. I think the Audi is glued together no welding allowed on heat treated Al. My 2000 Ford Ranger the hood is Al. I do wonder here in the west, with caustic soil, how they will last.

Even though aluminum has been proven in commercial trucks, I'm going to reserve my opinion on F-150 until some owners give feedback. Ford's aluminum body might be wonderful, and it might

not. I'm going to keep my present rig until I know more.

I wait few more years before I buy one. If ever!

Bill D.

Makesense, Toronto If it follows what happens with the ALU Audi, insurance rates for those will go up because of the cost of repair. Buy ALU Ford and say bye, bye to $5000 or more!

67Cuda -Titanium It's all marketing, right?

Is Ford going to reduce the price because of material cost?

No way!

Time will tell if they last as long as a truck not made with Aluminum...

Tom

NoAluforme Yes, aluminium and its alloys can corrode. 'Potentially', pun intended - far more aggressively than iron and its alloys. Far higher in the 'activity series' than iron. It also, however, does far the better job of protecting itself, even with ZERO assistance. And assistance it has gotten, and will get, aplenty.

Ford has plenty of history on this.

I looked at ONLY full or partially aluminium-bodies cars for my latest acquisition. Had to not only be a used vehicle on my retirement budget, but a fair distance from new. Candidates were VW Phaeton, Audi S8 - both of which had plenty of problems in re fasteners and galvanic activity - and the one I bought around May, 2014. A 2005 Jaguar XJ8-L that had, and has, far the better history of avoiding those issues.

The only thing I'd fear is not the aluminium. Rather that the REST of it ... is still a Ford. Bill

HardSales15 Body panels? Ba, who cares? I don't. If they just want better mileage, put it 6" closer to the ground. There is no reason to have a 1/2 ton truck so far off the ground 3 year old kids can run under it.

I want to know about the frame. Extrusions, stamping, forging?

How are they fastened together? Welded and then solution treated?

Riveted? Structural adhesives?

It will be interesting to see how the insurance companies price the collision portion of the coverage. I'm sure Ford has already negotiated some agreement with a few larger companies as an extra $50/month compared to a Chevy will be pretty hard on sales.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of Northern Echo or its staff.

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News Headlines From Around the Two Canadians sentenced in Australia for importing drugs into the country

SYDNEY - Two Canadians living in Australia have received stiff sentences in Sydney for importing drugs into Australia worth almost $254 million.

The Sydney Morning Herald reports on its web site that Mark Clermont, 36, was sentenced to life in jail with no chance of parole for 20 years.

His co-accused, Mathieu Horobjowsky, was sentenced to a 20 years with no parole eligibility for 13 years.

The newspaper said they were found guilty of importing 85.5 kilograms of pure cocaine and 192.8 kilograms of methylamphetamine into Australia inside heavy machinery.

Clermont and Horobjowsky had arrived in Sydney on tourist visas in April 2010, then set up a business importing machiney such as tractors and forklifts.

They were arrested in 2012 after a road roller fitted with leadlining arrived in Australia containing the concealed drugs.

In passing the sentences, Judge Anthony Garling said Clermont was not addicted to drugs and was "doing this for financial gain and his own greed."

Clermont's sentence is expected to be appealed. Clermont’s father, Gilles, said his son has been a good citizen and that authorities were trying to make an example of him despite circumstantial evidence.

Chinese women told not to wear miniskirts or hotpants to avoid sexual harassment Beijing cops that if a lady gets groped or hit on while on the bus or subway, it’s probably her own fault for not following their prescribed new dress code.

Don't wear miniskirts or hotpants if you don't want to be hit on.

That's the advice to women in Beijing where cops claim covering up will likely stop women from being groped or secretly filmed by sleazebags on their cell phones.

New guidelines for females using public transit also suggest they don't sit on the upper decks of buses and that they use bags, magazines or newspapers to cover themselves.

"Women should not wear minimal clothing, such as mini-skirts

Police in Beijing have issued new guidelines saying “Women should not wear minimal clothing, such as mini-skirts or hot pants” while using public transportation. The new guidelines also suggests avoid the upper decks of buses and use bags, magazines or newspapers to cover themselves. or hot pants when taking public transportation," says the statement, according to China Daily.

"Women are advised to not sit on higher levels of buses and to stand on lower stairs, to avoid being the target of inappropriate picture-taking, and they should shelter their bodies with bags, magazines and newspapers," it adds.

Perverts busted harassing women face a fine or 15 days in jail, the guidelines also revealed.

Beijing cop Xing Wei said they wanted to increase awareness and give women ways to protect themselves.

Finland Speeding millionaire gets 54,000-euro fine (CAD $75,000) A Finnish man has been handed a whopping 54,000-euro fine for speeding, it's reported.

Finland's speeding fines are linked to income, with penalties calculated on daily earnings, meaning high earners get hit with bigger penalties for breaking the law. So, when businessman Reima

Kuisla was caught doing 103km/h (64mph) in an area where the speed limit is 80km/h (50mph), authorities turned to his 2013 tax return, the Iltalehti newspaper reports. He earned 6.5m euros (CAD 9,080,000) that year, so was told to hand over 54,000 euros (CAD $75,000). The scale of the fine hasn't gone down well with Mr Kuisla. "Ten years ago I wouldn't have believed that I would seriously consider moving abroad," he says on his Facebook page.

"Finland is impossible to live in for certain kinds of people who have high incomes and wealth."

There's little sympathy from his fellow Finns on social media.

"If you follow the rules you won't have to pay fines," says one user

commenting on the Iltalehti website. "He should stop complaining and hang his head in shame instead". Another person says: "Small fines won't deter the rich - fines have to 'bite' everyone the same way." But some say the system isn't fair, and punishes the rich in society. Mr Kuisla might be grateful he doesn't earn more. In 2002, an executive at Nokia was slapped with a 116,000-euro fine for speeding on his Harley Davidson motorbike. His penalty was based on a salary of 14m euros.

The world’s richest people 2015 Despite plunging oil prices and a weakened euro, the ranks of the world’s richest defied global economic turmoil and expanded yet again. Forbes found a record 1,826 billionaires with an aggregate net worth of $7.05 trillion, up from $6.4 trillion a year ago. The total includes 290 new billionaires and a record 197 women, up from 172 last year.

Bill Gates is once again the richest person on the planet, a title he's held for 16 of the past 21 years. His fortune grew $3.2 billion since last year to $79.2 billion, in spite a gift of $1.5 billion in Microsoft shares to The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in November 2014. Carlos Slim Helú of Mexico comes in again at No. 2 while revered American investor Warren Buffett took back the No. 3 spot from Spain’s Amancio Ortega (now No. 4); Buffett was the list’s biggest gainer, up $14.5 billion to $72.7 billion, thanks to Berkcontinued on page 24

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USA Alaska quietly becomes 3rd US state to legalize marijuana JUNEAU, Alaska - Alaska on Tuesday became the third U.S. state to legalize marijuana. But the historic day passed with little public acknowledgement in a state with a savvy marijuana culture that has seen varying degrees of legal acceptance of the drug for 40 years.

Supporters said the day was a milestone, but unlike in Colorado and Washington state, there were no street parties and public smoking displays in Alaska's biggest cities.

Legalization marked the end of a 43-year political battle for Bill Parker, 70.

marijuana dispensaries to operate.

Placing Alaska in the same category as Washington state and Colorado with legal marijuana was the goal of the pro-pot coalition that included libertarians, rugged individualists and small-government Republicans who prize the privacy rights enshrined in the Alaska state constitution.

As of Tuesday, adult Alaskans can not only keep and use pot, they can transport, grow it and give it away. A second phase, creating a regulated and taxed marijuana market, won't start until 2016 at the earliest. That's about the same timeline for Oregon, where voters approved legalizing marijuana the same day as Alaska did.

But the law there doesn't go into effect until July 1.

Police throughout Alaska were prepared to hand out $100 citations for anyone caught smoking pot in public, but departments stretching more than 1,100 miles from Nome on the state's western coast to Juneau in the southeast panhandle hadn't issued a ticket during the day.

Men See Snout, Free Moose Buried In Avalanche ANCHORAGE, Alaska â&#x20AC;&#x201D; There's an extra moose alive in southcentral Alaska thanks to three snowmobilers who freed it from an avalanche.

Marty Mobley, Rob Uphus and Avery Vucinich, residents of the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, went riding on the west side of Hatcher Pass about 55 miles northeast of Anchorage. With Alaska's unseasonably warm weather, they were wary of avalanches, Mobley said.

The came upon a hillside that had both moose tracks and ski tracks. The latter stood out because they don't see many skiers in the area.

The Anchorage man, who was listed as a sponsor of the initiative, first banded together with a group of young Democrats elected to the state House of Representatives to introduce a legalization bill in 1972.

Parker's hopes for legal weed dwindled as he saw Alaska become more Republican and more conservative over the years. He said perhaps the marijuana vote marks the end of that pendulum swing.

He plans to meet with other initiative backers for laid-back celebrations on Tuesday evening. "I think there'll be marijuana, and I think for the first time people won't have to feel like criminals when they use it," Parker said.

Alaska has had a complicated history with marijuana over the years. The Alaska Supreme Court in 1975 said personal marijuana possession was protected under the state constitution's right-toprivacy clause. In 1998, voters legalized medicinal marijuana. But over the years, state lawmakers twice criminalized any possession, creating an odd legal limbo, and never created rules for medical

Three snowmobilers spot snout, use shovels to free moose buried in Alaska avalanche About an hour later, they returned and saw that an avalanche had come down, wiping out the tracks. The three friends were concerned that a skier might have been trapped but also knew more snow might fall.

"We had about 2,500 feet of mountain above us still," Mobley said. "Half slid, half didn't, so we didn't want to screw around a bunch there."

Mobley spotted something brown moving in the hard-packed snow of the debris field.

"It looked like a guy's arm at first because we were expecting to see a skier," Mobley said. "But it was moaning and groaning and moving and we realized it was a moose, even though only his ears and some of its snout was sticking out of the snow."

The men grabbed shovels. Two men dug while the other looked for signs of another avalanche. When the animal's head was cleared, Vucinich took a picture. The moose didn't struggle and appeared calmer as they cleared snow.

"It didn't even fight us," Mobley said. "It was like, 'Help me.

Help me.' It was totally docile and let us touch it. It just (lay) there," Mobley said.

After about 10 minutes, Mobley said, three-quarters of the animal was free. The men were not sure if the moose was injured.

One poked the moose's rump with a shovel.

"It stood right up and towered over us, because we were in kind of a hole from the digging," Mobley said. "It looked like the abominable snowman because its fur was so packed with snow and it looked at us, shook the snow off it, and off it went."

The moose was "at full steam" when it ran down the mountain.

It appeared to be uninjured, which was a surprise.

"It slid at least 1,500 to 2,000 feet down the mountain when it got caught in the avalanche," Mobley said.

Mobley said the men couldn't leave the moose to die.

"Besides, we deal with a lot of avalanches and a lot of snow," he said. "That kind of karma is something we don't pass up."

DEA Warns Of Stoned Rabbits If Utah Passes Medical Marijuana Where would this country be if Peter Cottontail got cottonmouth?

Matt Fairbanks, an agent with the Drug Enforcement Administration's "marijuana eradication" team in Utah, testified to a state Senate panel last week, and said rabbits could get addicted to pot, lose their natural instincts and sit around getting high all the time should a bill pass that would allow medical marijuana edibles in the state.

Fairbanks testified in opposition to the bill, and spent some of his testimony splitting hares, according to The Washington Post.

He claimed that illegal pot farms could have bad environmental consequences, and said he saw rabbits addicted to weed at illegal grow sites.

"I deal in facts. I deal in science," Fairbanks said at the hearing (48-minute mark).

"One of them refused to leave us, and we took all the marijuana around him, but his natural instincts to run were somehow gone," he added.

Washington Post reporter Christopher Ingraham wrote that illegal pot grows can indeed harm the environment, but noted that those consequences aren't unique to weed.

Ingraham noted:

page 13

Now, regarding rabbits. Some wild animals apparently do develop a taste for bud (and, yes, best to keep it away from your pets).

But I don't know that the occasional high rabbit constitutes grounds for keeping marijuana prohibition in place, any more than drunk squirrels are an argument for outlawing alcohol. And let's not even get started on the nationwide epidemic of catnip abuse.

San Diego man with no criminal record... is facing a possible life term in prison for flashing gang signs in some Facebook photos Aaron Harvey and 14 other men, including the rapper Tiny Doo, were charged under an obscure California law accusing them of conspiring with gang members who shot nine people in 2013 and early 2014.

Harvey and the rapper, whose real name is Brandon Duncan, are not directly tied to the shootings, but prosecutors are employing a 2000 conspiracy law that allows prosecution of gang members if they benefit from crimes by other gang members.

Prosecutors say Duncan’s music sales were boosted by the shootings, but Harvey’s alleged gains are not easily quantified.

“They’re saying I benefited because my stature, my respect, went up,” Harvey said. “I didn’t even know I had any stature. I don’t understand how someone can benefit from something they don’t even know exists.”

Superior Court Judge David McGill recently dismissed charges against some of the defendants in the case, finding that prosecutors failed to prove the men willfully benefited from the shootings.

“If the district attorney wins this case, and I am convicted of crimes I didn’t commit or have any knowledge of, not only will my life change forever, but so may the lives of every young person who had been wrongly documented as a member of a gang,” Harvey said.

Harvey was entered into the state’s CALGANG database at some point during one of the 50 times he says he was stopped by police, although he’s never been convicted of a crime.

Much of the evidence tying Harvey to the Lincoln Park gang came from social media, such as Facebook posts showing him making hand gestures associated with the gang or photos of him alongside other gang members from his neighborhood.

“It’s not a guessing game — they’ve made it as obvious as they possibly could,” said Dana Greisen, head of the district attorney’s

gang prosecution unit. “The social media stuff is in our face, in their rivals’ faces in no uncertain terms.”

Legal experts say the Section 182.5 conspiracy law, which carries a possible life prison term, is constitutional – but it’s “unbelievably tough.”

“This is as draconian a conspiracy law as you’ll see anywhere in the United States,” said Robert Weisberg, a professor at Stanford Law School.

Harvey, who moved to Las Vegas in 2013 and worked as a club promoter while studying to become a Realtor, is set to stand trial April 20 if his charges aren’t dismissed.

“This is not the American justice system,” said his lawyer, Edward Kinsey. “We attach personal liability to things. You’re not guilty by mere association or mere membership — it’s just wrong.

If they can get away with this, I fear for our future as free citizens.”

which they accessed by helicopter.

Hellweger and friends from Italy and Belgium then decided to view Lake George Glacier before returning to Girdwood, a yearround resort community within the Municipality of Anchorage.

"As the group was viewing the glacier up close, a large piece of ice calved off the glacier and crushed (Hellweger)," according to a report by Alaska State Troopers.

Troopers spokeswoman Beth Ipsen said there were no reports of any other injuries to the group.

Chugach Powder Guides, the service that took Hellweger's group on the trip, said in a statement that guides administered CPR and medical protocols but were unable to resuscitate him after what it said was "a mass ice movement event."

"While this type of event is an inherent risk of mountain and glacier exploration, Chugach Powder Guides has offered its sincere condolences to the gentleman's family," it said.

Michael Brown family to file wrongful death lawsuit against Ferguson The parents of black teenager Michael Brown, who was shot dead in August by a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, will file a wrongful death lawsuit against the city, a family attorney said on Thursday.

“He did not have to kill Michael Brown,” attorney Daryl Parks said of Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson.

The announcement comes a day after the U.S. Justice Department said it would not prosecute Wilson but said that it had found racial bias and a pattern of discriminatory and illegal actions against African-Americans by the Ferguson Police Department.

The report said police in the St. Louis suburb of Ferguson overwhelmingly arrested and issued citations to blacks to boost city revenues through fines and court fees, creating a culture of distrust that exploded on Aug. 9 when Wilson killed Brown.

Brown was unarmed when he was shot multiple times by Wilson, who told investigators he and Brown had an angry and violent encounter, causing him to fear for his life when he shot Brown.

A St. Louis County grand jury declined to indict Wilson, who has since left the police department.

Italian ski tourist killed by falling glacier ice in Alaska JUNEAU - A 28-year-old Italian man on a back-country skiing vacation in the mountains of Alaska died after being crushed by falling glacier ice, officials said on Monday.

Alexander Hellweger, from Sand in Taufers in northeast Italy, and a group of friends spent Sunday back-country skiing in an area of the rugged Chugach Mountains, in the southern part of the state,

The Chugach Powder Guides and the Alaska Mountain Rescue Group retrieved Hellweger's body on Monday. It was flown to the Girdwood airport, where the State Medical Examiner's Office took possession of it, the Troopers said.

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New Study of Splenda(Sucralose) Reveals Shocking Information About Potential Harmful Effects James Turner, the chairman of the national consumer education group Citizens for Health, has expressed shock and outrage after reading a new report from scientists outlining the dangers of the artificial sweetener Splenda (sucralose).

In animals examined for the study, Sucralose (Splenda) reduced the amount of good bacteria in the intestines by 50 percent, increased the pH level in the intestines, contributed to increases in body weight and affected P-glycoprotein (P-gp) levels in such a way that crucial health-related drugs could be rejected.

The P-gp effect could result in medications used in chemotherapy, AIDS treatment, and treatments for heart conditions being shunted back into the intestines, rather than being absorbed by the body.

According to Turner, "The report makes it clear that the artificial sweetener Splenda and its key component sucralose pose a threat to the people who consume the product. Hundreds of consumers have complained about side effects from using Splenda and this study... confirms that the chemicals in the little yellow package should carry a big red warning label." ***

Science Review Reveals Laundry List of Health Hazards Associated with Splenda Consumption

By Dr. Mercola Sucralose, marketed under the brand name Splenda, is a bestselling artificial sweetener around the world. (In the European Union, sucralose is also known under the additive code E955.)

It has been nearly eight years since I published my concerns about Splenda in my book, Sweet Deception. Since then, evidence continues to support the concerns I had back then.

Splenda is found in tens of thousands of processed food products sold in 90 different countries, many of which are specifically marketed to those seeking to either lose weight or manage their diabetes.

Mounting research, however, shows that not only does it tend to worsen both of those problems, but it's also associated with an array of other troublesome side effects.

The Web site www.TruthAboutSplenda.com lists a variety of consumer complaints from Splenda consumption, many of which mimic other health conditions. Some of the most commonly reported adverse effects include:

Gastrointestinal problems Seizures, dizziness, and migraines Blurred vision Allergic reactions Blood sugar increases and weight gain But that's not all. Now, an in-depth scientific review, of sucralose published in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health reveals an extensive list of safety concerns, including tox-

icity, DNA damage, and heightened carcinogenic potential when used in cooking.

It also blows a huge hole in the argument that Splenda is a good choice for diabetics and/or those seeking to lose weight.

Sucralose—NOT Safe for Cooking After All The featured report came to several important conclusions—all of which challenge the "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) status of sucralose. Of primary concern is that sucralose is not an inert substance.

When heated, it releases chloropropanols, which belong to a class of toxins known as dioxins. One of the selling points of Splenda is that it remains stable when heated, making it well-suited for cooking and baking, but these findings refute such claims. (Many other artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, are not recommended for cooking purposes as they're known to break down in high temperatures.)

As reported by Sayer Ji at GreenMedInfo.com, research now shows that sucralose starts breaking down at 119 degrees Celsius; 180 degrees Celsius causes it to degrade completely.

Dioxin is a waste product of incineration, smelting, chlorine bleaching, and pesticide manufacturing, and its well-documented health effects include cancer and endocrine disruption. In fact, dioxin, which was a toxic component of the Agent Orange used to defoliate jungles during the Vietnam War, is easily one of the most dangerous chemicals known to man.

Another study published in October also expressed concern over the chlorination reactions that occur when sucralose is cooked in stainless steel cookware, generating highly toxic compounds, including dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).

Recent animal research also suggests a link between Splenda consumption and an

page 15 increased risk of leukemia. Based on such research, the time is more than ripe for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reconsider the GRAS status of sucralose...

Sucralose Also Destroys Your Gut Health The featured review also concluded that sucralose destroys gut bacteria. (In fact, animal research published in 2008 found it could kill as much as 50 percent of your microbiome.)

This is very important, as anytime you destroy healthy intestinal bacteria, you open yourself up to unfriendly micro-organisms that can cause health problems. Your immune system, which is imperative for general health, is dependent on healthy gut flora, so the idea that this artificial sweetener may destroy up to half of all your healthy gut bacteria is disconcerting to say the least.

Worse yet, sucralose appears to target beneficial microorganisms to a greater extent than pathogenic and other more detrimental bacteria. And remarkably, according to one study, these adverse effects on gut microbiota remained even after a three-month long recovery period...

that Splenda is absorbed by body fat, contrary to previous claims) Potential drug interactions The paper also notes that the acceptable daily intake (ADI) set for sucralose may in fact be hundreds of times too high to ensure safety! According to more recent research, the no-observedeffect-level (NOEL) in rats' gut bacteria is actually 454 times lower than earlier studies showed. If the biological effects of sucralose are similar in both rats and humans, then you could experience health effects even if you consume sucralose at levels well below the ADI. Also consider this: "Sucralose is classified by the FDA as safe for human consumption as a food additive. The FDA stated that their decision was based upon results from 110 animal and human studies of the effects of

Early studies, upon which its approval was based, claimed that sucralose would simply pass unchanged through the human gastrointestinal tract, but more recent investigations show that it is indeed metabolized in your gut. And, as reported in the featured review, "the identity and safety profile of these putative sucralose metabolites are not known at this time."

Diabetics Beware...

The third issue is of particular importance for diabetics, who tend to use artificial sweeteners to manage their condition.9 Alas, both animal and human studies showed sucralose alters glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. A related study published in the journal Diabetes Care in September came to a virtually identical conclusion. Compared to the control group, obese patients using sucralose experienced a greater incremental increase in peak plasma concentrations, a greater incremental increase in insulin and peak insulin secretion rate, along with a decrease in insulin clearance. According to the authors: "These data demonstrate that sucralose affects the glycemic and insulin responses to an oral glucose load in obese people who do not normally consume non-nutritive sweeteners."

Toxicological Issues Still Need to Be Addressed According to the featured review, there are "numerous toxicological issues regarding long-term exposure to sucralose" that remain "unresolved." This includes: Genotoxicity (DNA damage) and potentially adverse epigenetic effects The generation of toxic compounds when heated Bioaccumulation (One 2009 study found unmistakable evidence

sucralose. Of the 110 studies, two were on human beings, with one being a four day trial by the manufacturer," The Examiner reports.

I might also add that these two studies consisted of a combined total of 36 people, of which only 23 people actually ingested sucralose, and the four-day trial looked at sucralose in relation to tooth decay, not human tolerance! Sadly, if you're a long-term Splenda user, you're actually acting as a human guinea pig, as no one knows what happens when humans consume this substance for long periods.

If you look through the research literature, you'll find that only about 10 percent of the studies involving sucralose have anything at all to do with safety. In fact, eight years ago when I wrote the book Sweet Deception, in which I expose the many concerns related to the consumption of artificial sweeteners, there were only 15 studies relating to the safety of sucralose, and 13 of them were funded by the company that makes Splenda, leaving enormous

room for conflict of interest.

Industry Funded Studies FAR More Prone to Miss Safety Concerns If you believe a company can be trusted to perform independent safety studies for their own products, consider the following example. In 1996, Dr. Ralph G. Walton reviewed 165 studies on the widely used artificial sweetener aspartame, discovering a remarkable discrepancy between study results and their source of funding.

Of the 165 studies, 74 had industry related funding and 91 were independently funded. Of those: 100 percent of the industry funded studies supported aspartame's safety, while 92 percent of the independently funded studies identified at least one potential health concern.

Dr. Walton also pointed out that of the seven remaining non-industry funded studies that supported aspartame's safety, six were done by the FDA, and the seventh was a literature review of mostly industry sponsored research. Considering the long-standing revolving door between various industries and the FDA, it's questionable as to whether an FDA study can be considered truly "independent," even though they were counted as independent in Walton's review. If you give that concern any merit, you'd essentially be looking at 100 percent of industry related studies claiming aspartame to be safe, and 100 percent of independent studies flagging some sort of health concern!

This is truly powerful documentation of the influence of corporately sponsored trials on safety or any other potential complication that can occur. This type of funding bias is a fatal flaw in the system, because in order to receive FDA approval, the product is not required to undergo any kind of independent study.

Prevalence and Diagnosis of Sucralose Sensitivity Unfortunately, the adverse effects of sucralose are oftentimes misdiagnosed or overlooked entirely as the side effects are so varied and mimic common ailments. The following are common symptoms, usually noticed within a 24-hour period following consumption of a Splenda product: Skin - Redness, itching, swelling, blistering, weeping, crusting, rash, eruptions, or hives (itchy bumps or welts) Lungs - Wheezing, tightness, cough, or shortness of breat continued on page 25

page 16

Is Your House Killing Your Dog?

By Dr. GW Graham

You love your dog. You would do anything for your dog. Well your home may not be the best place for your dog to live a long and happy life.

Just like parents often put poisonous things into a baby's room (like new wallpaper and plastic toys) and wonder why the baby is sick, people often expose their dog to things that will kill them and wonder why the dog is sick or dying.

Dogs get sick and die from cancer. That is a fact. But did you know that household cleaning products will cause cancer?

An example is bleach. Everyone knows that it interfers with breeding dogs by altering the sex hormones and by killing sperm. But did you know it can alter DNA to the point that tumors develop?

You find bleach in many of the household products that your dog comes in contact with on a daily basis. It is in laundry detergents, for example. Did you launder that blanket your dog sleeps on? Does you dog sleep in the laundry room? Did you spill detergent on the laundry room floor where your dog can lick it?

Your dog can also be exposed to mold, especially in the laundry room. The room is wet and warm and confined. A perfect place for mold growth to concentrate.

Molds produce chemical groups like Ochra-

toxins, Aflatoxins and Trichothecenes. In high concentrations these chemicals cause cancer for people and dogs. Doctors and vets have known this for almost 30 years.

But these toxins are slow onset problem makers. This means that it may take a few years for the cancers to develop. So your dog may feel great until the moment that it is too late.

Where else do we find mold in high concentrations? In the basement, of course. People quite often have a beautiful sleeping area for their dogs in basements.

"Okay, I believe you. What can I do?"

1. Keep cleaning products sealed in plastic containers.

2. Buy cleaning products WITHOUT bleach.

3. Clean up all spills immediately.

4. Keep washer and dryer open when not in use.

(To stop mold) 5. Keep the laundry room door open to air out.

6. Periodically spray the rooms with a solution of grape fruit seed extract or Tea Tree Oil to prevent mold growth.

If you plan to keep your dog healthy, you have to start thinking about it today.

Being in love releases chemical which makes it impossible to get drunk

People in love are incapable of getting drunk – and not just because their other halves won’t let them have one too many.

In theory, real lovebirds could chuck back buckets of booze and still be able to walk in a straight line, University of Sydney researchers claim.

Please note, you will still fail a breathalyser test, and driving while drunk (and in love) is still an offence.

In tests, loved-up rats acted more sober than lonely rats, after the same amount of booze.

The effect is so pronounced that the researchers admit to not being able to tell that loved-up rats were drunk.

In case you were wondering how we can even tell if rats are in love, the ‘loved up’ rats were actually infused with oxytocin, a hormone found in both rats and people who are in love.

Oxytocin – known as the ‘cuddle hormone’ – prevents alcohol taking effect on the regions in the brain which control walking and talking, the researchers said.

Dr Michael Bowen said, ‘In the rat equivalent of a sobriety test, the rats given alcohol and oxytocin passed with flying colours, while those given alcohol without oxytocin were seriously impaired.’

‘Alcohol impairs your coordination by inhibiting the activity of brain regions that provide fine motor control.

‘Oxytocin prevents this effect to the point where we can’t tell from their behaviour that the rats are actually drunk. It’s a truly remarkable effect.’

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UFO Crash Lands in Manitoba Aliens or Military? You Decide...

Seen by many and reported

by Different Individuals

shaped object? What about the evidence in the photographs? What about the eyewitnesses?

What actually transpired at Lake Winnipeg last month?

Mysterious lights were seen over Jackhead UFO Sightings Flying Saucer and CRASH Reservation in Manitoba last month. UFOlonear Jackhead First Nation gists suspect a UFO crash into Lake Winnipeg It was actually an airplane being used in a military training as military forces allegedly were spotted on exercise, according to the Canadian Forces. snowmobiles pulling a massive disc out of the Social media reports of a possible UFO sighting near Jackhead, lake. But in response to reports about the UFO Man., are not true, says the Canadian Forces, which attributed the crash and recovery, Canadian Forces said it was bright light people saw to an airplane from a training exercise. merely a military training exercise. Seriously?

On Wednesday night, February 18, reports started to make rounds on social media about the lights over Lake Winnipeg. According to the Facebook post by Brent Mancheese, there were reports about the UFO crash on the Jackhead reserve in Manitoba.

Allegedly, vehicles of the Canadian Military were lined up on the north shore. Taking pictures in the scene was strictly prohibited, and the army even issued a threat to anybody who tried to do so.

Lots of eyewitnesses were in the area. These witnesses apparently saw a round object being hauled across the lake and pulled out by snowmobiles and bombardier. Eight fishermen reported the incident, but Mancheese wonders why the authorities did not let the media know if it was a plane crash.

In another report, bad thing happened to one witness with a camera. It said that a disc shaped craft was spotted diving into the frozen lake. At least one witness managed to get a photo of the craft. Unfortunately, that person has since been detained by the Canadian military.

According to Lt.-Col. Paul Davies, the Canadian army was taking part in Exercise Arctic Bison 2015, a program that trains military personnel to handle emergencies in harsh environments. Was UFO crash emergency included in the training? Davies said not so.

Government vehicles arriving at site of crash Davies, the commanding officer of 38 Territorial Battalion Group, explained that there were no aliens or a UFO and just his friends in the Air Force helping them on this exercise.

So, what about those UFO reports? Davies said that it was a craft with quick takeoff capabilities. He explained that it may have appeared like it was going straight up in the air from a distance, but in reality it wasn’t.

Seeing an airplane taking off from a frozen lake is quite unusual. So, what about the crash reports? What about the large disc-

On Wednesday night February 18, several people said on Twitter and Facebook that they saw a bright light in the sky, fuelling speculation that it may have been an unidentified flying object.

The rumour became stronger when photos were posted of Canadian Forces vehicles in the area, with some people claiming the military was there to contain a UFO crash site.

But it was not a UFO at all, says Lt.-Col. Paul Davies, commanding officer 38 Territorial Battalion Group, which is involved in an Arctic Response Company Group training exercise on Lake Winnipeg.

"There's no aliens, just my friends in the air force who are out there helping us on this exercise," Davies told reporters.

"I have the commander of that air force contingent sitting right beside me and, you know, he assures us that that was not a UFO, but that was him."

About 150 military personnel are taking part in Exercise Arctic Bison 2015, which includes the 38 Canadian Brigade Group, the 2nd Battalion of the Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, the 4th Canadian Ranger Patrol Group, and 440 Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Davies said soldiers are training to deal with a plane crash and provide ground search and rescue support in the Arctic.

The bright light that people saw, he explained, came from an airplane that takes off very quickly.

"From a distance it may have looked like it was going straight up in the air, but it wasn't," he said. "It was just us out there playing our games."

Posts like these were circulating on Twitter and Facebook on Wednesday night and after, with people suggesting there was a UFO crash near Jackhead, Man. Web Slinger The bright light that people saw, he explained, came from an

airplane that takes off very quickly.

"From a distance it may have looked like it was going straight up in the air, but it wasn't," he said. "It was just us out there playing our games."

Why would a plane be going straight up, if they are doing a search on the ground ? *** Web Slinger And in other news .....

The Manitoba NDP party has announced it has a new "top secret" aircraft ! *** The Mountain Mister Well they did not call it a weather balloon. *** Neutralman @Jason Campbell It doesn't look like an airplane.

The military should say it is a weather balloon. Sarcasm. *** Sherri Kehoe Well did the plane crash? Is the pilot ok! Who was the pilot!

Can we see the plane that takes off so fast straight up in the air that is so bright! Why detain and question residents and close off the community! Why couldn’t people call into the community by phone? Why was photos taken away from residents? If it is real and no one says anything, wait and see how many new 4x4’s, snowmobiles ect, that people there show up with in the next little while! *** Willyssa Catcheway So if it's a plane crash then why isn't it in the news like all other normal plane crashes? Why all the secrecy of evacuating a portion of a First Nation and cordoning off the entire area.

People have said that their mobile devices have been confiscated as well (those who took photos) and those that shared photos on FB yesterday found them deleted today. Why is the military doing exercises without informing the surrounding communities warning them of dangers any way? All that is known is something strange crashed in Jackhead First Nation and it's hush, hush with the military and police. *** Web Slinger Yes folks .... it appears Steve Ashtons crew have arrived ! *** Maxwell C. @Common_Cents A lot of people would say that you are indeed wrong. Even our own former defense minister has come forward - he ap-

page 19 peared in Washington DC last year in May for the Citizens hearings on UFO Disclosure.. this is not a joke, many races are here... *** Randi Hayes it saddens me how brain washed the world is.. *** Web Slinger @the radical centre ... Government top secret information .... only registered officials may have information ! *** Web Slinger Um ..... about the Lt.-Col. Paul Davies, commanding officer 38, says......... if the Territorial Battalion Group The exercise wraps up on Sunday ?

Then when "exactly" did this start ? ..... was it so sudden ?

Why the need for until sunday ? ... it seems so long for soldiers to be in cold tents in the snow !

The bright light that people saw, he explained, came from an airplane that takes off very quickly. " he said. "It was just us out there playing our games."

Tax payers pay for the Military to play games ? *** David_a_Johnson That thar sounds like a good ol' Canadian area 51 cover up goin' on up them part. Quick someone call Mulder and Scully. *** DJRoot @Web Slinger -- in many municipalities, the military is officially granted "Freedom of the City." While this is ceremonial and not necessary, it recognizes that the military is free to conduct exercises and operate as they see fit -- no notification is necessary. *** uThkUrBttrThnMe People were warned not to say anything otherwise face being arrested- if they tried to to see what it was they were warned they

would be shot on sight or arrested , US army transport plane picked up the object and flew back to the US. any one who posted pictures of it on facebook and other social media had those pictures deleted -- local jackhead clinic was warned not to mention or they will be charged, everything being hushed up and whitewhashed and buried. *** Web Slinger @David_a_Johnson ... The United States has "Area51" ........ in Canada it will be known as none other than "Area69" ! *** Web Slinger What we have here is a clearly a big cover up from the government not to cause panic or alarm towards citizens within Manitoba.

Which is why any photos or such has been confiscated from people there and they are told to keep quiet about this ordeal or else face consequences as a result.

How can someone keep quiet, such as myself when i have seen countless other of these types in the night sky alone !

Typical government propaganda to silence anyone or anything pertaining to such results ! *** Randi Hayes @Web Slinger thats what I believe too... sheeple. Stay blind! *** Rob Serger http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/news-publications/western-news-details-secondary-menu.page?doc=exercise-arctic-bison-2015/i5xz1ft4 Supposed page discrediting the "Crash" but it was also "Edited Last" on the date of the crash!! Something seems fishy!! *** Tory Tymes-Hurt If you asked PM Harper he'd probably say it has something

UFO sightings soar to new heights in Canada Number of UFO reports in Canada 2nd-highest in 25 years

UFO sightings in Canada are sky high, hitting a total only seen once before in the past 25 years.

There were 1,180 UFO sightings reported in 2013, or about three each day, according to the Canadian UFO Survey, an annual survey released Tuesday by Winnipeg-based UFOlogy Research of Manitoba.

It is the second-highest number recorded in Canada in the past 25 years.

The peak year was 2012, when almost 2,000 reports were recorded.

The spike in 2012 was likely an anomaly due to many people excited about the so-called â&#x20AC;&#x153;end of the worldâ&#x20AC;? in 2012 according to the Mayan Calendar, and reporting many lights and objects as UFOs, suggested UFOlogy Research director Chris Rutkowski.

As for 2013, there are several theories for the surge in reports, Rutkowski suggested.

Among them: More UFOs are present and physically observable by witnesses.

More secret or classified military exercises and overflights are occurring over populated areas.

to do with terrorists. *** Web Slinger If you happened to see a light flying with no sound ... what could it be ?

Steve Ashton catching his flight aboard the USS Enterprise ? .... nope .. but he tried Actually what some people witnessed may have very well been an UFO, i have seen many as well right from where im living at 3:30 or 4:00 pm from my own backyard.

We are not alone in the "world" beyond ourselves, there are millions of other galaxies with alien life. *** Chris O Is this a cover up Canadian style? *** Web Slinger The Canadian Forces declined to comment when asked about the fact if we are indeed being invaded !

Note: The Northern Echo does not necessarily endorse any of the views posted. By submitting your comments on internet, you acknowledge that Any Media has the right to reproduce, broadcast and publicize those comments or any part thereof in any manner whatsoever.

More people are taking the time to observe their surroundings.

And more people are able to report their sightings with easier access to the Internet and portable technology.

Or perhaps, more people are simply searching for divine answers and catching a glimpse of something else, Rutkowski said.

"That the downturn in the economy is leading to an increased desire by some people to look skyward for assistance," he wrote in the survey report.

The results show many people continue to report unusual objects in the sky, and some of these objects do not have obvious explanations, Rutkowski stated in a press release.

"Many witnesses are pilots, police and other individuals with reasonably good observing capabilities and good judgment," he said.

CBC News reported last year that the Canadian government has given up chasing unidentified flying objects. Its various federal agencies, including Transport Canada, the RCMP and the Department of National Defence, used to track and investigate UFO sightings to some degree, but it's now up to civilian volunteers to report what's going on up in the sky.

Any information on UFO sightings received by the various agencies is now passed on to Rutkowski, a civilian science writer who has produced the Canadian UFO survey since 1989.

UFO report highlights Ontario had more than 40 per cent of all Canadian UFO reports.

About 14 per cent of all reports were classified as unexplained.

The typical sighting lasted approximately 13 minutes.

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continued from page 10 shire Hathaway’s rising share price. Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg moves up 5 spots to number 16, his first time ranked among the world’s 20 richest.

At age 30 Zuckerberg is also the leader in a youth revolution that has minted a growing number of billionaires under the age of 40. The youngest billionaire in the world is Evan Spiegel, 24, cofounder of photo-messaging app Snapchat. Silicon Valley tech companies have spawned other young new billionaires including cofounders of car-hailing service Uber, Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp, and their first employee Ryan Graves. Elizabeth Holmes, who runs blood- testing firm Theranos, debuts on the global list as the youngest self-made woman at age 31.

Gainers outnumbered losers: 819 billionaires are richer than a year ago while 519 are poorer. The year’s biggest loser in dollar terms is Aliko Dangote of Nigeria, whose fortune dropped to $14.7 billion from $25 billion last year, propelled downward by a weaker Nigerian currency and shrinking demand for cement, his largest asset. He still retains the title of Africa’s richest man. America’s biggest loser was casino mogul Sheldon Adelson, who fell out of the Top Ten to No. 18 amid a drop in the price of Las Vegas Sands shares.

One hundred thirty eight people from the 2014 list dropped out of the ranks, including fashion designer Michael Kors, Zulily’s Mark Vadon and many Russians. The number of ten-figure fortunes in Russia plunged to 88 from 111 last year due to the weak ruble and lower oil prices. Guatemala has a billionaire for the first time, and Iceland returns to the club after a seven-year absence, the result of a comeback by Thor Bjorgolfsson, who’s still the only billionaire in the country’s history.

There’s no doubt that entrepreneurship is thriving globally. Fully 1,187 members of the list are self-made billionaires, while just 230 inherited their wealth. Another 403 inherited at least a portion but are still working to increase their fortunes.

NPersonality trait that most often predicts success The only major personality trait that consistently leads to success is conscientiousness.

"It's emerging as one of the primary dimensions of successful functioning across the lifespan," Paul Tough writes in "How Children Succeed." "It really goes cradle to grave in terms of how people do."

Moreover, within conscientiousness are the narrower traits of self control and "grit," which University of Pennsylvania psychologist Angela Duckworth has found to be more integral to children's scholarly success than IQ. Why conscientiousness people are so successful

Tough says that people who test high in conscientiousness get better grades in school and college, commit fewer crimes, and stay married longer.

"Highly conscientious employees do a series of things better than the rest of us," says University of Illinois psychologist Brent Roberts, who studies conscientiousness.

To start, they're better at goals: setting them, working toward them, and persisting amid setbacks. If a super ambitious goal can't be realized, they'll switch to a more attainable one rather than getting discouraged and giving up. As a result, they tend to achieve goals that are consistent with what employers want.

They live longer, too, he says. And not just because they smoke and drink less. They have fewer strokes, lower blood pressure, and a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease.

There's a staggering amount of research linking conscientiousness with success. A National Institute of Mental Health study found that conscientious men earn higher salaries. The National Institute on Aging also found that conscientiousness is linked to income and job satisfaction. Other studies show that conscientiousness is the most important factor for finding and retaining employment.

How do you know if you're conscientious? Conscientious people tend to be super organized, responsible, and plan ahead.

They work hard in the face of challenges and can control their impulses.

Psychologists classify conscientiousness is one of the "Big 5" personality traits, with the others being agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience. The other traits can predict certain workplace outcomes — extroversion is a great fit for highly social gigs like sales and openness to experience often leads to creativity — but conscientiousness is remarkable for the way it cuts across roles.

Berkshire Hathaway CEO Warren Buffett (L) plays table tennis with Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates in Omaha the day after the company's annual meeting.

trial psychologist told us.

Research shows that arriving on time, doing thorough work, and being thoughtful toward your colleagues helps people regardless of their job function or workplace situation. "Being on top of deadlines is almost universally a good thing," one indus-

Roberts also owes their success to "hygiene" factors. Conscientious people have a tendency to organize their lives well.

A disorganized, un-conscientious person might lose 20 or 30 minutes rooting through their files to find the right document, an inefficient experience conscientious folks tend to avoid. Basically, by being conscientious, people sidestep stress they'd otherwise create for themselves.

Being conscientious "is like brushing your teeth," Roberts says. "It prevents problems from arising."

Conscientious people also like to follow rules and norms.

You can spot the conscientious kids in the classroom. They sit in their chairs, don't complain, and don't act out — which also, of course, contributes to earning good grades from teachers.

While conscientiousness doesn't correlate with high SAT scores, it does predict high GPAs. To spot conscientious people at work, Roberts says to look for punctuality. If someone shows up on time, that's a great clue toward conscientiousness, since a punctual person has to be organized enough — and care enough — to arrive on time.

The bigger, and less visible, indicator is how people deal with setbacks. Do they give up and redouble their efforts?

"The conscientious person is going to have a plan," Roberts says. "Even if there is a failure, they're going to have a plan to deal with that failure."

page 25

continued from page 15 Head - Swelling of the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, or throat; headaches and migraines (severe headaches) Nose - Stuffy nose, runny nose (clear, thin discharge), sneezing Eyes - Red (bloodshot), itchy, swollen, or watery Stomach - Bloating, gas, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea Heart - Palpitations or fluttering Joints - Joint pains or aches Neurological - Anxiety, dizziness, spaced-out sensation, depression

three months or longer to improve, as mentioned above. I would strongly suggest reseeding your gut with healthy bacteria to speed up the healing process. Your best bet is to regularly consume traditionally fermented foods such as fermented vegetables. Alternatively, use a high-quality probiotic supplement.

If you suffer side effects from an artificial sweetener like sucralose (Splenda), then avoidance is your only recourse. You'll need to be very vigilant about reading labels to ensure you're not accidentally buying foods that contain it.

Keep in mind that diet foods are not the only products that contain sucralose. A wide variety of "regular" products can also contain it, and sometimes in combination with other artificial sweeteners.

Splenda Is Not a Safe and Healthy Alternative to Sugar

retired this slogan in 2007 after settling with its rival, Merisant Co., the maker of Equal, who accused the makers of Splenda of intentionally confusing consumers into thinking its product was more natural and healthier than other artificial sweeteners. Long gone are the days that this artificial sweetener can be marketed as natural, safe and a healthy alternative to sugar."

My strong suggestion is to avoid ALL artificial sweeteners like the plague. While the mechanisms of harm may differ, they're all harmful in one way or another. This includes aspartame (NutraSweet, Equal), sucralose (Splenda), saccharin (Sweet'N Low), acesulfame potassium, neotame, and others.

Splenda is made from sugar, but chemically it's more similar to DDT. Mounting research shows there's a veritable laundry list of health concerns associated with it, from destroying your gut health to promoting diabetes and cancer. Truly, you're consuming it at your own risk, as FDA approval is NOT a guarantee of safety...

As stated by Sayer Ji:18 One of the best things you can do if you suspect you may be suffering from a sensitivity is to do an elimination challenge.

Simply remove all sources of sucralose from your diet and see if your symptoms improve over the next several days. If the symptoms dissipate, then you probably have your answer. To doublecheck, reintroduce a small amount of sucralose and see how you react over the next 24 hours.

Keep in mind that if you've been using Splenda for some time, gastrointestinal problems and related health issues may take

"Chlorinated compounds like dioxins and DDT are notorious for being both highly toxic and resistant to breaking down once released into the environment, which is why they are classified as 'persistent organic pollutants.'

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Medical pot users make case against large-scale production in court The Conservative government’s effort to rein in the shambolic medicinal marijuana market is facing potential derailment as two high-level court cases seek to reduce Ottawa’s ability to regulate who produces cannabis and in what form.

A Federal Court hearing is underway in Vancouver on a constitutional challenge to the Marijuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR), that were supposed to be fully in place last April 1.

Instead, a group of medical marijuana users is opposing the rules, which would force them to give up growing their own pot and instead permit them only to buy from large-scale federally licensed commercial growers.

They argue they’ll be forced to pay more and have less choice in strains of cannabis.

They’ll also be limited to possessing no more than 150 grams of pot, compared with the old rules that allowed a 30-day supply.

The regulations set out in 2013 replace rules laid out more than a decade ago that gave medical marijuana users the right to grow a limited number of plants or buy from people who they designate will grow it for them.

A few days before the April 1 changeover, a Federal Court judge granted a temporary injunction allowing Canadians with medical marijuana permits to keep their current arrangements until a decision from this hearing comes down in late summer or fall.

Meanwhile, pot advocates are gearing up for a Supreme Court of Canada hearing next month in a related case involving the MMPR’s limitation of possession of medical marijuana to dried cannabis only. Plaintiff Owen Smith, also from B.C., argues that unduly restricts those who get better results with products made from cannabis extracts such as oil.

Lawyer John Conroy, who represents the plaintiffs in the Federal Court case, told Yahoo Canada News he suggested postponing this hearing until the Supreme Court had ruled in the Smith case but said the government rejected the idea.

As the hearing opened Monday, Conroy told Federal Court Judge Michael Phelan the MMPR violates Section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms protecting life, liberty and security of the person. The onus is on the government to show the new rules constitute a reasonable limitation of those rights under Section 1 of the Charter, he said.

“The government bears the burden in justifying any intrusions on a person’s liberty and security of the person,” he said.

New rules force pot growers to choose between health and jail Conroy said medical marijuana users who can’t afford commercially available marijuana or find it isn’t as effective will be

use, including the United States, Israel and the Netherlands.

Shawn Davey, the first plaintiff to testify, embodies all the concerns medical cannabis users have about the new rules.

He was seriously hurt in a 2000 motorvehicle accident that put him in a coma. He survived but suffers from numbness on one side of his body, poor balance, memory problems and constant pain.

Crash injury victim credits marijuana with improving his life

forced to choose between their health and the risk of going to jail if they continue to grow pot illegally.

Justice Department lawyer Jan Brongers said the government will show changes to the rules were necessary to address “exponential growth” in demand.

The original rules were designed for a relatively small number of users, he said. Statistics show the number of licensed growers had mushroomed from about 9,100 in 2011 to some 37,000 in January of last year.

The difficulty in monitoring so many grow-ops, whether in private homes, outdoor plots or industrial spaces, sounded alarm bells among police, fire, health and safety authorities, the government outlined in its statement of defence.

Police suspected, often with reason, some growers were exceeding their licensed quota and selling the surplus on the street.

Brongers said the presence of grow-ops also raised the spectre of home invasions to steal the drugs, not to mention the risk of toxic mould, noxious fumes and electrical hazards.

There is no constitutional right to access unlimited amounts of pot from any source, he said.

I was supposed to be in 24/7 care for the rest of my life. Now I drive. I live on my own. It’s all due to marijuana.

—Shawn Davey, plaintiff There’s wide agreement on the need for some form of regulation, said Brongers. The government will call witnesses to show Canada’s approach is in line with other countries that permit medical marijuana

After spending thousands of dollars on pharmaceuticals, he told the hearing only marijuana has provided enough relief to allow him to live something like an independent life.

“I was supposed to be in 24/7 care for the rest of my life,” Davey told the court Monday. “Now I drive. I live on my own.

It’s all due to marijuana.”

But it takes a lot of pot. He smokes a joint as soon as he opens his eyes in the morning, then uses a vaporizer for the rest of the day, as well as eating pot-laced cookies he bakes to help get to sleep. He also makes a topical lotion from pot and grape seed oil.

Davey, 38, figures he ingests marijuana every half hour of his waking day, totaling 25 grams, the amount authorized for him by his Health Canada permit.

Davey grows the marijuana with the help of a neighbour and fellow medicinal user in an outbuilding on his rented rural property in Abbotsford, B.C., east of Vancouver. The converted shed features a security doors, alarms and surveillance cameras.

Davey, who lives on a disability pension and annuity payments from his accident settlement, said his crops of Babba Kush are superior to the stuff he used to get from a designated grower under the old rules. Also much cheaper.

Even at a rock-bottom price of $5 a gram predicted under the MMPR, Davey estimated buying commercially grown cannabis would cost him close to $4,000 a month at his current consumption rate, eating up most of his income.

But more than the money, Davey said his bad experiences with poor-quality pot make him distrust outside suppliers.

“I trust what I grow, that’s it,” he told Brongers, representing the federal government. “This is my body. I don’t want to let anyone else deal with it.”

The hearing, scheduled to run for three weeks, is expected to hear from about 30 witnesses.

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page 28

Yes, Black America fears the police. Here’s why.

This story was co-published with Politico

Last July 4, my family and I went to Long Island to celebrate the holiday with a friend and her family. After eating some barbecue, a group of us decided to take a walk along the ocean. The mood on the beach that day was festive. Music from a nearby party pulsed through the haze of sizzling meat. Lovers strolled hand in hand. Giggling children chased each other along the boardwalk.

Most of the foot traffic was heading in one direction, but then two teenage girls came toward us, moving stiffly against the flow, both of them looking nervously to their right. “He’s got a gun,” one of them said in a low voice.

I turned my gaze to follow theirs, and was clasping my 4-yearold daughter’s hand when a young man extended his arm and fired off multiple shots along the busy street running parallel to the boardwalk. Snatching my daughter up into my arms, I joined the throng of screaming revelers running away from the gunfire and toward the water.

The shots stopped as quickly as they had started. The man disappeared between some buildings. Chest heaving, hands shaking, I tried to calm my crying daughter, while my husband, friends and I all looked at one another in breathless disbelief. I turned to check on Hunter, a high school intern from Oregon who was staying with my family for a few weeks, but she was on the phone.

“Someone was just shooting on the beach,” she said, between gulps of air, to the person on the line.

Unable to imagine whom she would be calling at that moment, I asked her, somewhat indignantly, if she couldn’t have waited until we got to safety before calling her mom.

“No,” she said. “I am talking to the police.”

My friends and I locked eyes in stunned silence. Between the four adults, we hold six degrees. Three of us are journalists. And not one of us had thought to call the police. We had not even considered it.

We also are all black. And without realizing it, in that moment, each of us had made a set of calculations, an instantaneous weighing of the pros and cons.

As far as we could tell, no one had been hurt. The shooter was long gone, and we had seen the back of him for only a second or two. On the other hand, calling the police posed considerable risks.

It carried the very real possibility of inviting disrespect, even physical harm. We had seen witnesses treated like suspects, and knew how quickly black people calling the police for help could wind up cuffed in the back of a squad car. Some of us knew of black professionals who’d had guns drawn on them for no reason.

This was before Michael Brown. Before police killed John Crawford III for carrying a BB gun in a Wal-Mart or shot down 12-year-old Tamir Rice in a Cleveland park. Before Akai Gurley was killed by an officer while walking in a dark staircase and before Eric Garner was choked to death upon suspicion of selling “loosies.” Without yet knowing those names, we all could go down a list of unarmed black people killed by law enforcement.

We feared what could happen if police came rushing into a

group of people who, by virtue of our skin color, might be mistaken for suspects.

For those of you reading this who may not be black, or perhaps Latino, this is my chance to tell you that a substantial portion of your fellow citizens in the United States of America have little expectation of being treated fairly by the law or receiving justice. It’s possible this will come as a surprise to you. But to a very real extent, you have grown up in a different country than I have.

As Khalil Gibran Muhammad, author of The Condemnation of Blackness, puts it, “White people, by and large, do not know what it is like to be occupied by a police force. They don’t understand it because it is not the type of policing they experience. Because they are treated like individuals, they believe that if ‘I am not breaking the law, I will never be abused.’”

We are not criminals because we are black. Nor are we somehow the only people in America who don’t want to live in safe neighborhoods. Yet many of us cannot fundamentally trust the people who are charged with keeping us and our communities safe.

As protest and revolt swept across the Missouri suburb of Ferguson and demonstrators staged die-ins and blocked highways and boulevards from Oakland to New York with chants of “Black lives matter,” many white Americans seemed shocked by the gaping divide between law enforcement and the black communities they are supposed to serve. It was no surprise to us. For black Americans, policing is “the most enduring aspect of the struggle for civil

rights,” says Muhammad, a historian and director of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in New York. “It has always been the mechanism for racial surveillance and control.”

In the South, police once did the dirty work of enforcing the racial caste system. The Ku Klux Klan and law enforcement were often indistinguishable. Black-and-white photographs of the era memorialize the way Southern police sicced German shepherds on civil rights protesters and peeled the skin off black children with the force of water hoses. Lawmen were also involved or implicated in untold numbers of beatings, killings and disappearances of black Southerners who forgot their place.

In the North, police worked to protect white spaces by containing and controlling the rising black population that had been propelled into the industrial belt during the Great Migration. It was not unusual for Northern police to join white mobs as they attacked black homeowners attempting to move into white neighborhoods, or black workers trying to take jobs reserved for white laborers. And yet they strictly enforced vagrancy laws, catch-alls that gave them wide discretion to stop, question and arrest black citizens at will.

Much has changed since then. Much has not.

Last Fourth of July, in a few short minutes as we adults watched the teenager among us talking to the police, we saw Hunter become a little more like us, her faith a little shaken, her place in the world a little less stable. Hunter, who is biracial and lives with her white mother in a heavily white area, had not been exposed to the policing many black Americans face. She was about to be.

On the phone, she could offer only the most generic of suspect descriptions, which apparently made the officer on the other end of the line suspicious. By way of explanation, Hunter told the officer she was just 16.

The police called her back: once, twice, then three times, asking her for more information. The interactions began to feel menacing. “I’m not from here,” Hunter said. “I’ve told you everything I know.”

The fourth time the police called, she looked frightened. Her interrogator asked her, “Are you really trying to be helpful, or were you involved in this?” She turned to us, her voice aquiver. “Are they going to come get me?”

“See,” one of us said, trying to lighten the mood.

“That’s why we don’t call them.”

We all laughed, but it was hollow.

Carla wasn’t born in the United States. She came here when she was 9, and back in her native Barbados, she didn’t give police much thought. That changed when she moved into heavily black Jamaica, Queens.

Carla said she constantly saw police, often white, stopping and harassing passersby, almost always black. “You see the cops all the time, but they do not speak to you. You see them talking to each other, but the only time you ever see them interact with someone is if they are jacking them up,” she said. “They are making a choice, and it says they don’t care about you, it tells you they are not here for your people or people who look like you.”

Carla herself was arrested at a young age—because she was present when her cousin pushed through a subway turnstile without paying. The teenagers were cuffed, thrown in a paddy wagon, booked and held overnight. At 15, Carla, then a student at The Dalton School, a prestigious private academy in Manhattan, had an arrest record.

That experience, along with many others, informed Carla’s decision on July 4.

“I am a responsible adult, but I really can’t see having a different reaction. Isn’t that weird?” she told me.

“By calling the police, you are inviting this big system—that, frankly, doesn’t like you—into your life.

Sometimes you call and it is not the help that comes.”

“So, no, I wouldn’t call the police,” she said.

“Which is sad, because I want to be a good citizen.”

I moved to the historic Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn in 2011. Before then, I had been living in Portland, Oregon, and when I chose my new home in the gritty big city, it was partly because it was only a block away from a police precinct. That proximity made me feel safer—I figured crime would be less common with so many police nearby. Inadvertently, however, I also picked a prime target area of the city’s stop-and-frisk program—a system of polic-

continued on page 30

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continued from page 29 ing that caught so many innocent black and brown men in its dragnet that a federal judge found it unconstitutional in 2013.

My block is fairly typical of Bed-Stuy. My neighbors, until recently, were all black and included everyone from laborers to college professors. Both immaculately kept brownstones and boarded-up townhouses line my street. We have block meetings and a community garden. Police are a constant presence, speeding down the street to the precinct or walking the beat. Sometimes, I escort my daughter to the store underneath police watchtowers with tinted windows that pop up around the neighborhood with no warning, then disappear just as suddenly—their entire existence ambiguous yet alarming. I have witnessed from my window, countless times, police stopping someone, usually a young man, who is walking down the street. These men are often searched and questioned as they go to the bodega or head home from work or school.

A few months ago, a police officer approached my neighbor as he was leaving the bodega and began questioning him. My neighbor is quiet and respectful, but he also is poor and transient. He tends to look disheveled, but the worst thing I’ve seen him do is drink beer on the stoop.

When he asked why he was being stopped, the police grabbed him and threw him to the ground. As someone recorded the incident on a cellphone, police shot my neighbor with a Taser gun and then arrested him.

He was never told why police stopped him. The only thing they charged him with was resisting arrest. But this arrest cost him his job and a fine he will struggle to pay. If he doesn’t pay, a judge will issue a bench warrant, and instead of preventing crime, the police will have created a criminal.

Across the street and a few doors down from me, my neighbor Guthrie Ramsey has his own story. Guthrie was born in Chicago and grew up in a family that did not emphasize the obstacles their children would face. “I was socialized to believe that the police were our friends,” he said.

Yet one night, some years ago, while driving his teenage son to a soccer game, Guthrie was pulled over by police. Within minutes, he and his son were sprawled on the ground, with guns drawn on them. The police believed Guthrie fit the description of a suspect.

Guthrie, a short, easy-going guy with a contagious laugh, managed to point the police to his University of Pennsylvania faculty ID. That’s right: He’s an Ivy League professor. And a noted musician.

“It was so frightening. It was humiliating. You get so humiliated that it’s hard to even get to the anger,” he told me. “You just don’t get to experience interactions with the police as a garden-variety circumstance.”

These types of stories in black communities are so ubiquitous as to be unremarkable. If my husband is running very late and I cannot get hold of him, my mind does not immediately go to foul play. I wonder if he’s been detained.

This fear is not unjustified. Young black men today are 21 times more likely to be shot and killed by police than young white men.

Still, it’s not that black Americans expect to die every time they en-

counter the police. Police killings are just the worst manifestations of countless slights and indignities that build until there’s an explosion.

Since 1935, nearly every so-called race riot in the United

States—and there have been more than 100—has been sparked by a police incident, Muhammad says. This can be an act of brutality, or a senseless killing. But the underlying causes run much deeper.

Police, because they interact in black communities every day, are often seen as the face of larger systems of inequality in the justice system, employment, education and housing.

In the months since Ferguson, many pundits have asserted that black Americans deserve this type of policing, that it is a consequence of their being more likely to be both the perpetrators and victims of violent crime. “White police officers wouldn’t be there if you weren’t killing each other,” former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani argued on Meet the Press as the nation awaited the grand jury decision in the Michael Brown shooting. It should be noted that Giuliani oversaw the NYPD during two of the most notorious cases of police brutality in recent memory, the sodomy of Abner Louima and the death of Amadou Diallo, who was unarmed, in a hail of 41 bullets. Both were black men.

What Giuliani was saying, in essence, is that law-abiding citizens deserve to be treated with suspicion because they share racial traits with the tiny number among them who commit crimes.

Black communities want a good relationship with law enforcement because they want their families and property to be safe. After all, it is true that black communities often face higher rates of crime; in 2013, more than 50 percent of murder victims across the country were black, though only 13 percent of the total population is. But it’s also true that crime reduction efforts by black people in black communities have contributed to the recent, historic drop in crime across the country.

So why are black Americans still so often denied the same kind of smart policing that typically occurs in white communities, where police seem fully capable of discerning between law-abiding citizens and those committing crimes, and between crimes like turnstile-jumping and those that need serious intervention?

“You can be protected and served,” Muhammad says. “It happens every day in communities across America. It happens all the time in white communities where crime is happening.”

During the height of the “Black Lives Matter” protests, a mentally ill man shot and killed two police officers a few blocks from my home. I lay up that night thinking about those two men and their families. No one wants to see people killed. Not by police, not by anyone. The next morning, my husband and I took food and flowers to the grim brick precinct right around the corner from us that the officers were working out of when they were killed.

The officer at the front desk did not greet us when we came in.

And he looked genuinely surprised by our offering, his face softening as he told us we didn’t have to do this, but thank you. That people who should be allies somehow felt like adversaries troubled me.

The next day, I drove by the precinct on my way to the store. It had been cordoned off with metal barricades. Two helmeted officers stood sentry out front, gripping big black assault rifles, and watching. The message felt clear.

They weren’t standing out there to protect the neighborhood.

They were there to protect themselves from us.

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The DANGERS of Drinking Diet Soda sociated with a two-fold increased risk for kidney decline. Kidney function started declining when women drank more than two sodas a day. Even more interesting: Since kidney decline was not associated You read that right: Diet soda doesn’t help you lose with sugar-sweetened sodas, researchers suspect that weight after all. A University of Texas Health Science the diet sweeteners are responsible.

Center study found that the more diet sodas a person drank, the greater their risk of becoming overweight.

Downing just two or more cans a day increased waistlines by 500%. Why? Artificial sweeteners can disrupt the body’s natural ability to regulate calorie intake According to a 2008 University of Minnesota based on the sweetness of foods, suggested an animal study of almost 10,000 adults, even just one diet soda study from Purdue University. That means people who a day is linked to a 34% higher risk of metabolic syn- consume diet foods might be more likely to overeat, drome, the group of symptoms including belly fat and because your body is being tricked into thinking it’s eating sugar, and you crave more.

3 - Obesity

Deceivingly "Diet" Pop quiz! What’s the single biggest source of calories for Canadians? White bread? Big Macs? Actually, try soda. The average Canadian drinks about two cans of the stuff every day. “But I drink diet soda,” you say. “With no calories or sugar, it’s the perfect alternative for weight watchers...right?”

Not so fast. Before you pop the top off the caramel-colored bubbly, know this: guzzling diet soda comes with its own set of side effects that may harm your health—from kickstarting kidney problems to adding inches to your waistline.

Unfortunately, diet soda is more in vogue than ever. Kids consume the stuff at more than double the rate of last decade, according to research in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Among adults, consumption has grown almost 25%.

But knowing these 7 side effects of drinking diet soda may help you kick the can for good.

1 - Kidney Problems Here’s something you didn’t know about your diet soda: It might be bad for your kidneys. In an 11-yearlong Harvard Medical School study of more than 3,000 women, researchers found that diet cola is as-

2 - Messed-Up Metabolism

4 - A Terrible Hangover Your first bad decision was ordering that Vodka Diet—and you may make the next one sooner than you thought.

Cocktails made with diet soda get you drunker, faster, according to a study out of the Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia. That’s because sugar-free mixers allow liquor to enter your bloodstream much quicker than those with sugar, leaving you with a bigger buzz.

5 - Cell Damage Diet sodas contain something many regular sodas don’t: mold inhibitors.

They go by the names sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate, and they’re in nearly all diet sodas.

That’s bad news for diet drinkers.

"These chemicals have the ability to cause severe damage to DNA in the mitochondria to the point that they totally inactivate it - they knock it out altogether,” Peter Piper, a professor of mohigh cholesterol that puts you at risk for heart disease. lecular biology and biotechnology at the University Whether that link is attributed to an ingredient in diet of Sheffield in the U.K., told a British newspaper in soda or the drinkers’ eating habits is unclear. But is 1999. The preservative has also been linked to hives, asthma, and other allergic conditions, according to that one can really worth it?

page 33 the Center for Science in the Public Interest.

Since then, some companies have phased out sodium benzoate. Diet Coke and Diet Pepsi have replaced it with another preservative, potassium benzoate. Both sodium and potassium benzoate were classified by the Food Commission in the UK as mild irritants to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

6 - Rotting Teeth With a pH of 3.2, diet soda is very acidic. (As a point of reference, the pH of battery acid is 1.

Water is 7.) The acid is what readily dissolves enamel, and just because a soda is diet doesn’t

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Oil: Shocking how vital it still is

The idea is a pretty simple one. Every now and again - amid all the swirling reports and breaking news - it is worth taking a pause and bringing together what we know about the most important resource in the world As part of the Big Oil Drop project, I was asked a straightforward question. "Why is oil so important? And could you write about it."

It was so straightforward a question that it sounded faintly ridiculous.

Well, of course oil is important. We need it to drive in our millions of cars, jobs depend on it, the supply of energy is at the heart of much of global politics, wars are fought over it, without oil the lights would go out...

I tailed off, realising that yes, of course, I knew oil was important. But quite how important slightly eluded me.

And so I started digging around for some facts. And only when you start doing that does the hugeness of its influence on the global economy become clear.

Ryan Carlyle, the US engineer, wrote in Forbes about why oil is vital. "You can't move anything, anywhere faster than about 25mph without oil," he said.

"You can't operate a modern military, and you can't run a modern economy. There is no doubt in my mind whatsoever that modern civilisation would collapse in a matter of months if oil stopped flowing.

"Oil is about as important to the developed world as agriculture."

Oil and food (and let's include water in that, to avoid argument) are the two most important resources on the planet.

The United States consumes 19 million barrels of oil a day. A barrel of oil is about a bath's worth.

China consumes 10.3 million, Japan 4.5 million and the UK 1.5 million.

Every day, the world consumes 91.2 million barrels of oil, according to the US Energy Information Administration.

That's a lot of bathfuls.

And that consumption figure will go up, not down.

Every week, 1.5 million people are added to the world's urban population. And that tends to add to our consumption of oil as societies move from an agrarian economy to a consumption and manufacturing economy.

The growth of the "emerging seven" countries (China, India, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey) will only add to this upward pressure on demand.

As a recent report from the accountants PwC revealed, emerging economies, most notably China and other fast-growing Asian economies, account for nearly half of all infrastructure spending (that's the development of cities and factories, in the main).

That's up more than 10% since 2006. And it all adds to oil demand.

Because the more we live in cities - and the more countries develop - the more we want cars to drive around in and trucks to deliver the goods we want to consume.

The global vehicle fleet (commercial vehicles and passenger cars) is predicted to more than double from about 1.2 billion now to 2.4 billion by 2035. Most of that growth - 88% - is in the developing world and nearly all of it - just under 90% - will be fuelled by oil.

Of course, there are alternatives to oil. And across the world, environmental targets and efficiency gains are having an impact.

But those developments are only slowing the increase in de-

mand. They are nowhere significant enough to reverse it.

Look at cars. In the forecasts, transport demand for oil rises by about 30% by 2035, while the actual number of vehicles doubles.

But 30% is still a significant rise. Renewable energy is replacing some of the world's appetite for oil.

A recent report by the Economist Intelligence Unit suggests that the growth of renewables will outpace the growth of oil and coal products in 2015. But although the growth of renewable energy is rapid, it is from a very low base.

And it was put in perspective by Bob Dudley, the chief executive of BP. "Fossil fuels [oil, gas and coal] are projected to provide the majority of the world's energy needs, meeting two-thirds of the increase in energy demand out to 2035," he said at the launch of the oil giant's Energy Outlook 2035.

"The strong growth of US tight oil [that's oil taken directly from rocks via the process of fracking] in recent years has had a dramatic impact, with oil increasingly flowing from West to East rather than East to West.

"This is likely to continue, with strong growth in China and India driving energy demand."

Peak oil - that is the theoretical moment when oil extraction will reach its height and inevitably decline - has been long predicted and never arrived.

In fact, you can go back to the 19th Century to hear predictions oil would run out during the "lives of young men".

More than 100 years later, we are still waiting.

page 35

Black gold How did oil come to run our world?

Oil dominates every aspect of our lives. It fuels our cars, it is used in the production of our plastic goods, the electricity for our homes and factories and can even be found in the fertiliser for the soil in which our food grows.

Our world is dominated by the need to control oil. It is often the cause of wars. It can make nations extremely wealthy, while shortages can bring economies to their knees. Just how did this black, sticky substance come to run our world?

technique was pioneered using a pipeline to line the bore holes to allow deeper drilling. The success of the well, plus a demand for kerosene, triggered an oil rush and began a major new industry.

We are not the first people in history to exploit oil as a resource. Some of the earliest civilisations relied heavily on oil.

Egyptian relief of reed boat sealed with crude oil bitumen.

Crude oil that had bubbled to the surface was used by the ancient people of the Middle East. The Babylonians – modern day Iraqis – used oil to waterproof their boats and as mortar in building construction. The Egyptians also used oil in the preparation of mummies to help preserve corpses. However it would be a long time before the full potential of this mysterious black substance would be understood, or exploited.

1944 - Post-war carve up of Middle East oil

1885 - Oil is used to fuel motor cars The demand for oil really accelerated with the invention of the motor car.

Karl Benz's first automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen.

German engineer Karl Benz invented the first motor car in 1885. This new vehicle ran on a cheap by-product of the kerosene production process called gasoline. The demand for gasoline rose dramatically after Henry Ford made good his promise to create a car that anyone could afford with the Model T in 1908.

1908 - First oil discovered in an Arab nation

Oil is discovered for the first time in America.

The oil industry as we know it began in the mid-19th Century with the discovery of the world’s first commercially viable oil well in the USA. It came at a time when emerging technology created new products from oil. One product, kerosene, became popular as a cheap, clean fuel for lighting homes. A few years later, America’s first commercial oil well was created at Titusville, Pennsylvania when a new

After the end of WW2, post-war leaders knew that oil was an important commodity. The control of oil had been a key factor in who won the war.

President Roosevelt signed the Anglo-Petroleum Agreement in 1944 Even during WW2, Roosevelt and Churchill had been eyeing the growing oil reserves of the Middle East. On August 8, 1944, the Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement was signed, dividing Middle Eastern oil between the US and the UK. Roosevelt said, "Persian oil... is yours. We share the oil of Iraq and Kuwait. As for Saudi Arabian oil, it's ours." However this arrangement did not include the people of the countries concerned. ***

As car ownership grew so did the demand for oil to make the gasoline used as fuel. At this time oil was also discovered in the Middle East.

Soon other reserves were found across the region. Middle Eastern nations lacked the technology and knowledge to extract oil.

This led to Western companies securing oil exploration and extraction rights for a relative pittance. Middle Eastern production would develop to provide over 60% of the world’s supply. ***

***

1859 - The modern oil industry is born

***

***

***

3,000BC - The first recorded uses of oil

An illustration of the British fleet. Germany's investment in new warships triggered an arms race with Britain.

1914 - 1918 WW1 shows how much the world depended on oil With the outbreak of a global war, WW1 showed how important oil was to the defence of the nation. It was needed for tanks, trucks and warships.

The run up to WW1 saw a naval arms race as the world’s superpowers updated and expanded their navies. Modern warships were converted from coal-burners to run on oil as it allowed them to move faster and stay at sea for longer. Oil was one of the few resources the British Empire did not produce and access to Middle Eastern oil became a strategic priority. Rival nations also rushed to secure their own sources of oil.

1956 - The Suez Canal crisis In the 1950s the balance of power shifted as the Middle East began to realise its power. This shift became apparent to Britain during the Suez Crisis.

Aerial view of the Egyptian blockade of the Suez Canal, 1956 Britain used the Suez Canal as an import route for Middle Eastern oil. When Egypt regained the canal, not only was it a blow to British pride and power but it also saw Britain pay a higher price for oil. Other oil-producing nations began to exert their influence.

As Western nations' dependency on oil increased, Middle Eastern nations realised the strength of their bargaining position and renegotiated existing deals with Western oil companies for a greater share of the oil profits. ***

1973 - The world’s first oil crisis Arab oil producers wielded their power even further when they used their continued on page 36

page 36 continued from page 35

1998 - American fracking revolution

My formula for success?

Rise early. Work late. Strike oil.

In 1973, the Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries instigated a Western oil embargo following American support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War against Egypt and Syria. Oil supplies became scarce and prices nearly quadrupled. Around the world, economies were damaged and Western governments began to explore other sources of oil to break the Middle Eastern stranglehold on crucial supplies.

The West has continued to seek new methods of oil extraction. One technique in particular - fracking - is a major development.

John Paul Getty, Getty Oil Company founder

Hydraulic fracking in South Montrose, Pennsylvania

Christopher Hitchens, journalist, 2007

During the crisis, supplies of petrol ran out across Europe and the USA

The pumping of high pressure fluids into the ground fractures – or ‘fracks’ – oil-bearing rocks allowing the oil to be extracted.

Encouraged by government money and high oil prices, fracking became profitable. US oil production flourished and resulted in a sharp fall in oil imports from the Middle East. Other nations, such as the UK, are also exploring options to frack oil and gas from their domestic fields.

We shall defend the Suez Canal with our blood and strength, and we shall meet aggression with aggression.

control of oil to influence the political agenda.

***

1975 - North Sea oil comes ashore for the first time

Control over the production and distribution of oil is the decisive factor in defining who rules whom in the Middle East.

***

Some freedom from Middle Eastern oil worries came with the discovery of oil reserves deep below the surface of the North Sea.

2015 - The oil price collapse (US policy to distibilize Russia)

Oil is discovered for the first time off the coast of Britain After a decade of oil exploration and substantial investment, on 3 November 1975 North Sea oil flowed for the first time. A pipeline serving the Forties Field ran from Cruden Bay in the north-east of Scotland to Grangemouth. The increasingly high oil price helped make extraction of expensive North Sea crude oil profitable. This boosted the UK government’s coffers but it did not free the nation from its dependency on Middle Eastern oil. ***

1990 The Gulf War The West was still very dependent on Middle Eastern oil. This became most evident when Iraq invaded Kuwait and captured its oil fields.

A long-running dispute between Iraq and Kuwait over territory and ownership of oil fields led Iraq to invade Kuwait in August 1990. The occupying Iraqi forces set fire to over 700 Kuwaiti oil fields. After the failure of diplomatic talks with Iraqi leaders, a USled coalition of forces liberated Kuwait and occupied Iraq. Keeping oil supplies flowing was a major strategic objective.

Kuwait's oil fields on fire after retreating Iraqi forces employ a 'scorched earth' policy

The price of oil has dropped. Middle Eastern nations are again using oil - this time in a trade war to damage other oil-supplying nations.

The global recession has triggered a drop in demand for oil.

Rather than reduce oil supplies, the Arab oil-producing nations have maintained production levels and let the price fall. The intention was to damage rival oil producers, such as Russia and North Sea oil, most of whom depend on high oil prices to remain profitable. By the end of 2014 the price of oil had dropped by over 40% and investment in new oil ventures by Western companies was being cut.

Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt, 1956

We will never again permit any foreign nation to have Uncle Sam over a barrel of oil.

Vice-President Gerald Ford, 1974

Like a pebble tossed into a pond, an oil shock creates ripples, or effects, felt everywhere.

Albert Marrin, historian and author, 2012

page 37

Good Marketing!

While walking down the street one day, a high ranking politician is tragically hit by a truck and dies. His soul arrives in heaven and is met by St. Peter at the entrance.

"Welcome to Heaven," says St. Peter. "Before you settle in, it seems there is a problem. We seldom see a high official around these parts, you see, so we're not sure what to do with you."

"No problem, just let me in." says the politician.

"Well, I'd like to but I have orders from higher up. What we'll do is have you spend one day in Hell and one in Heaven.

Then you can choose where to spend eternity."

"Really, I've made up my mind. I want to be in Heaven," says the politician.

"I'm sorry but we have our rules."

Hilarious Laws Law of equality: The time taken by a wife when she says I'll get ready in 5 minutes is exactly equal to the time taken by husband when he says 'I'll call you in 5 minutes!

Law of Queue: If you change queues, the one you have left will start to move faster than the one you are in now.

Law of Telephone: When you dial a wrong number, you never get a busy tone.

And with that, St. Peter escorts the politician to the elevator and he goes down, down, down to Hell. The doors open and he finds himself in the middle of a green golf course. In the distance is a club and standing in front of it are all his friends and other politicians who had worked with him, everyone is very happy and in evening dress.

They run to greet him, hug him, and reminisce about the good times they had while getting rich at expense of the people.

They play a friendly game of golf and then dine on lobster and caviar. Also present is the Devil, who really is a very friendly guy who has a good time dancing and telling jokes. They are having such a good time that, before he realizes it, it is time to go. Everyone gives him a big hug and waves while the elevator rises. The elevator goes up, up, up and the door reopens on Heaven where St. Peter is waiting for him.

"Now it's time to visit Heaven."

So 24 hours pass with the politician head of state joining a group of contented souls moving from cloud to cloud, playing the harp and singing. They have a good time and, before he realizes it, the 24 hours have gone by and St. Peter returns.

"Well then, you've spent a day in Hell and another in Heaven.

Now choose your eternity."

He reflects for a minute, then the head of state answers, "Well, I would never have thought it, I mean Heaven has been delightful, but I think I would be better off in Hell."

So Saint Peter escorts him to the elevator and he goes down, down, down to Hell. Now the doors of the elevator open and he is in the middle of a barren land covered with waste and garbage. He sees all his friends, dressed in rags, picking up the trash and putting it in black bags. The Devil comes over to the politician and lays an arm on his neck.

"I don't understand," stammers the politician. Yesterday I was here and there was a golf course and club and we ate lobster and caviar and danced and had a great time. Now all there is a wasteland full of garbage and my friends look miserable."

The Devil looks at him, smiles and says, "Yesterday we were campaigning. Today you voted for us."

Law of Mechanical Repair: After your hands become coated with grease, your nose will begin to itch.

Law of the Workshop: Any tool, when dropped, will roll to the least accessible corner.

Bath Theorem: When the body is immersed in water, the telephone rings.

Law of Encounters: The probability of meeting someone you know increases when you are with someone you don't want to be seen with.

Law of the Result: When you try to prove to someone that a machine won't work, it will.

Law of Bio mechanics: The severity of the itch is inversely proportional to the reach.

Theatre Rule: People with the seats at the farthest from the entry arrive last.

Law of Proposal: After you accept a proposal you will get a better one...

Law of getting late: When you reach early for something it will never start on time.

From CEO to Employees Dear Staff, Please be advised that these are NEW rules and regulations implemented to raise the efficiency of our firm.

TRANSPORTATION: It is advised that you come to work driving a car according to your salary. a) If we see you driving a Honda, we assume you are doing well financially and therefore you do not need a raise. b) If you drive a 10 year old car or taking public transportation, we assume you must have lots of savings therefore you do not need a raise. c) If you drive a Pickup, you are right where you need to be and therefore you do not need a raise.

ANNUAL LEAVE: Each employee will receive 104 Annual Leave days a year ( Wow! said 1 employee).

They are called SATURDAYs AND SUNDAYs.

LUNCH BREAK: a) Skinny people get 30 minutes for lunch as they need to eat more so that they can look healthy. b) Normal size people get 15 minutes for lunch to get a balanced meal to maintain their average figure. c) Fat people get 5 minutes for lunch, because that's all the time needed to drink a Slim Fast and take a diet pill.

SICK DAYS: We will no longer accept a doctor Medical Cert as proof of sickness. If you are able to go to the doctor, you are able to come to work.

INTERNET USAGE: All personal Internet usage will be recorded and charges will be deducted from your bonus (if any) and if we decide not to give you any, charges will be deducted from your salary.

Important Note: Charges applicable as Rs.20 per minute as we have 10MB connection.

Just for information, 73% of staff will not be entitled to any salary for next 3 months as their Internet charges have exceeded their 3 months salary.

Thank you for your loyalty to our company. We are here to provide a positive employment experience.

Therefore, all questions, comments, concerns, complaints, frustrations, irritations, aggravations, insinuations, allegations, accusations, contemplation, consternation and input should be directed somewhere else.

Regards CEO

Horoscope Aries

(March 21 - April 19) Get rid of anything that’s not exactly vital or essential in your life and push ahead into uncharted exciting waters. You’ve got what it takes to turn heads no matter where you go, so join in with everything and everyone socially. Its time to be noticed. Your enthusiasm is reaching a peak, so make sure you’re driving it in the right direction.

Minor failures can be glossed over so that no one notices, so that’s a great advantage.

Leo

(July 23 - August 22)

Not all of your ambitions are working out the way you’d planned, so it's vitally important that you deal with situations as they arise.

If you keep your path clear you’ll make more positive strides forward than if you let things pile up. Show others how accommodating you can be. Try to believe your ideas are better than everyone else’s, as they are.

Convince others you know best.

Deal with issues as they arise to get a clear picture of what can be salvaged.

Sagittarius

(Nov. 22 - Dec. 21) In your dealings with others, you show yourself to be diplomatic, tactful and intuitive, quite an impressive call list. Practical common sense is fine, but listen carefully if you’re blown away by a definite feeling about someone or something. Instead of trying to do everything yourself, why not rope others into sharing the strain and you’ll bounce back quicker. Practical matters are your only consideration. Put smile on your face.

Taurus

(April 20 - May 20) Its time to broaden your horizons in some way, so stay focused. You’re becoming more progressive and forward thinking than has been the case since the start of the year. Stand your ground and don’t budge over an issue you see as important. Your luck is on a high, so that means you can back your hunches with confidence. You’ll find that others are happy to fall into line with your plans, which makes life easier and much more enjoyable.

Virgo

(August 23 - Sep. 22)

February Gemini

(May 21 - June 21) Although it may look as if others are trouncing you in the competition stakes, you’re playing your cards close to your chest and are actually streets ahead of them, they just don’t know it yet. Be patient and confident over decisions you’ve made in the past. Even although your self-belief isn’t as strong as it could be, you’re getting on just fine in a general sense and are making good progress. Take a chance over money as long as it’s a calculated one.

Libra

(Sep. 23 - Oct. 23)

There’s a lot going on in your world this month, and for the most part it all seems quite positive, so that should lift your spirits. You’ll now manage to get through obstacles that in the past preventing you from moving forward. That must feel great. Luck is on your side in many ways, so make sure you’re willing to pitch in and have a go. People seem to be on your side, even when your confidence is lacking and you don’t seem like a good horse to back.

If life as you know it has reached stagnation, you need to do something positive to get the wheels turning again. Create excitement in any way you can. Keep to a structured routine and do things in an orderly fashion, one at a time. Focus on the matter at hand and don’t be distracted by something shiny on the horizon that catches your eye.

Move ahead cautiously, but don’t be afraid to take chances either. Everything is working well for you.

Capricorn

Aquarius

(Dec. 22 - Jan. 19) It could appear that the grass is greener on the other side of the fence socially speaking, but it couldn’t be further from the truth. Rely on what you know, what you believe, and in the people you rely on in your life. You’re capable but focus more on your efforts. Your popularity is building fast and you’ll turn heads wherever you go. Its your carefree attitude that attracts others, so cherish the feeling.

(Jan. 20 - Feb. 18) To get the most out of April, you need to be properly prepared. Get rid of anything or anyone who holds you back and jettison that old emotional baggage you’ve been carrying on your back for years. Your confidence is high and you’re desperate to get things done right first time, but not everyone is on your side so your battle may be getting them to understand where you’re coming from and why.

Cancer

(June 22 - July 22) Your confidence is finally starting to grow especially when it comes to discussing your own vision for the future, as that’s something you feel very animated about. Try not to compare your present progress to that of the past. It’s a different situation. It may feel as though others are making more progress than you, but if you’d only stop comparing yourself to others, you’d soon realise their goals and yours are on totally opposite sides of the playing field.

Scorpio

(Oct. 24 - Nov. 21) You’re so busy looking to the future where plans and schemes are concerned, that you’re missing what’s right in front of your nose. Stand still and smell the roses.

You need to get a new perspective on where you’re going and how you’re getting there. It’s not a race.

Standard responses to situations sometimes don’t work, so be original in your dealings with others to get the best results. Be on the lookout for minor mishaps.

Pisces

(Feb. 19 - March 20) Check and double check everything and don’t take anything for granted. You need to believe you have the power to change things, even if it is just in small pieces at a time. You’re neither pushy nor argumentative yet still get your way most of the time. But, try not to force your opinions on others and avoid thinking you know everything. Any personal pursuits you’ve got on your wish list will be positively highlighted, in turn letting you get ahead more quickly.

*

TM

1

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VISIT your local Rogers store

Sound Innovations

317 Fisher Ave. The Pas, MB 317 FISCHER AVENUE | THE PAS | 204.623.7171 Telephone: 1.204.623.7171

SOUND INNOVATIONS

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