BA3 Architecture Portfolio 2021 (3.2)

3. 2 Portfolio

An Interchange for

Socially Responsible

Seamless Future Mobilities

Mylan Thuroczy 18057317

Infra-Space Future Services

Content

3.1 Overview

Structural Stra

Programme an Circulation

Environment a User Experien

Final Proposa

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ategies 3

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

3.1 Overview In the 3.1 portfolio the personal position, proposition and initial proposal of the project were developed. The research primarily focused on the transport system in the UK, emerging trends, and future visions of mobility.

Position Service stations have been an essential part of road network for more than 50 years but the principles of their design has changed little. With the growing use of alternative fuel sources and new transport technologies, they are becoming increasingly outdated. The project speculates about the future roles of service stations, through looking at current mobility projections by large corporations.

Could emerging technologies solve the current issues of mobility? What is the future of service stations?

Proposition There are currently large investments in the research and development of mobility technologies. Many corporations create their future visions about a more efficient and connected transport system, based on digitalisation, automation, electrification, etc. The project proposes a similar speculative context, with mobility being a public service. Could these new technologies solve the inequality and environmental issues present today in the transport sector? What if a public system could replace all private transportation modes?

Proposal For the integrated, automated, digitally controlled system to function, physical supporting infrastructure is needed. Fuelling, parking, loading, cleaning, and other services for vehicles would be placed close to each other to allow easier vehicle sharing and distribution of goods.

Data centers would house the digital copy of the transport system and monitor its efficiency and environmental impact. In this scenario, service stations would become megastructures, housing all the programs needed for the system to function seamlessly. Placed outside urban areas, carparks could be converted into more people-focused spaces in cities.

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

The Future of Service Stations My project investigates a scenario where service stations become transport hubs where the different vehicles of the integrated UK transport system meet and exchange goods and passengers.

How can architecture house a hyper-connected physical and digital space? What are the spatial implications of new technologies and the emerging relationship between people and machines?

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Structural Strategies

After the initial investigation of building layout in 3.1, structural strategies and constraints were considered to inform further form and arrangement developments. Resolving a small part of the building before the final proposal was beneficial, as the considerations for the internal environment and key interfaces in the building were helpful to think about the overall proposal, given its enormous size.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Experience + Performance + Aesthetics The accommodate the different programmes, a primary steel frame was proposed which can be populated accordingly. The mindmap diagram shows strategies on the generic structure to incorporate social, environmental, and aesthetic considerations.

LOCALISED SERVICES IN PROGRAMME SPACES -modifiable by AI according to use -user control is possible

SMART BUILDING

Primary Steel Frame

CIRCULAR ECONOMY DURABLE STRUCTURAL FRAME FOR LONGEVITY -minimising high-embodied energy materials -flexible design

SERVICES

EMBODIED ENERGY

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS FOR INTERNAL SPACES -ensures adaptability

MATERIALS

Programme Spaces ADAPTABILITY

PREFABRICATED MODULAR CONSTRUCTION -minimising waste -using robotics in construction -dismantable

CON

STEEL RECYC -utilisin the tran

The Interchange

RESPONSIVE FACADE DESIGN -utilising the environmental conditions

FACADE DESIGN AI DRIVEN

EXPOSED STRUCTURE

RESPONSIVE DESIGN

DIFFERENT FINISHES FOR DIFFERENT SPACES -hard finishes for vehicles -soft finishes for people

TRANSPARENCY

AESTHETICS

EXPOSED PROGRAMME

PERFORMANCE

VISUAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN PROGRAMMES -use of glass -atriums, voids, overlapping spaces

CONNECTIVITY

EXPERIENCE

STRUCTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL MACHINE HUMAN SOCIAL

HUMAN CENTRED

WASTE

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION -canopy and roof structures for cars (outdoor environment) -single layer glass facade and shading for transitional spaces and accomodation pods (semi-outdoor) -closed facade for services (indoor)

HUMAN SCALE

WELLBEING

NSTRUCTION

FRAME FROM CLED CAR SKELETONS ng discarded vehicles in nsport revolution

BIOPHIILIC FLEXIBLE

TIMBER SECONDARY STRUCTURES AND INTERNAL FINISHES -creating a friendly and healthy environment -bringing the megastructure to human scale

Structural Strategies Diagram

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Precedents - Populating the Frame The precedents explore how the frame can be populated in different ways, with circulation paths and internal modules. The transparent nature of the structure reveals the various types of spaces and movements in the building.

The Stairs to Kriterion | MVRDV

Connecting levels Here East | Hawkins\Brown

Individual modules Expo 2000 | MVRDV

Cladding the frame

Madrid-Barajas Airport | Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

Irregular forms Longfu Life Experience Center | LUO studio

Internal structures

Conceptual Elevation - Movements

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Levels of Environmental Modification Apart from creating platforms for different types of internal structures, the frame can be clad with various types of environmental modification, from only solar shading to a completely weather-proof facade. Materials are saved with only enclosing the necessary parts of the building.

Waterproofing and shading Envelope without insulation Thermal envelope

Main tower Building cores

Outdoor environment

Semi-outdoor environment

Indoor environment

Frame with different environments

Populating the steel frame with internal modules

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Construction Process Reflecting the controlled movement in the mobility system, the construction process and deliveries would be centrally overlooked to minimise travel distance.

Visualisation of the degrees of integration in construction scenarios The last diagram shows a future industrialised and digitalised construction where product deliveries are integrated to maximise efficiency. In this scenario processes can involve non-physical services as well, for example digital coverage.

2071

Site preparation

Materials transported to the site via public transport

Recycle steel from discarded car skeletons

Steel frame to be recycled after the end of use of the building

Dismantlable bolted steel structure

2072

Constructing the frame

Buildin

2073

ng vehicular routes

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Populating the frame

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Expanding programme

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Change in use

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Disassembly

Hypothetical Construction Process

Robots helping in the manufacturing, assembly and maintenance processes

Life-Cycle Diagram - AI control Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

1:50 Section - Structure and Spatial Quality The section zooms in to a small part of the building showing the area where car parking, interior spaces and accommodation and server moduls can be seen.

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Car Park

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Side Entrance and Resting Area

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Gym and Workshop for Children

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Atrium with AI Interactive Surface

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Accomodation Pods

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Server Rack Units

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Technical Section and Internal Pod Detail These drawings were used in the Technologies Part B submission.

1:5 Detail The detail portrays a corner floor section of a prefabricated unit. The moduls sit on the steel deck floor slabs of the primary structure, where a timber external raised flooring is provided to avoid level changes.

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CLT finish layer (cover fixings) Screws Plywood sheet (for screwed fixing) 110 mm CLT Wall and Floor Panels Socket and CLT cover board Electric services (hidden in CLT panel) Vapour barrier 180 mm floor insulation Waterproof layer

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Hardwood finish panel Timber foundation beams on concrete footings Corrugated steel floor deck with concrete infill Tongued-and-groove hardwood boarding 180 mm hemp wall insulation Timber lining Waterproof layer Cavity between timber posts Drainage pipe running behind external cladding Raised timber external floor (mitigate level changes)

1:20 Section Outdoor Floor Detail (Accommodations) -steel decking with concrete infill -treated timber raised floor -services reach the units under the floor

Primary Steel Structure

-steel RHS columns and beams

Photovoltaic Solar Cell Panels -rotatable -provide shading and wind break -produce electricity

Server Cabinets

-localised heating and cooling -moveable via ceiling rail

Outdoor Floor Detail (Data Servers) -steel decking with concrete infill -perforated steel raised floor -services run under the floor

Modular Accommodation Units

-localised services (plugged-in to main structure) -prefabricated CLT wall panels -timber finishes

Planter Pot and Steel Net

-provide greenery for habited spaces

Enclosed Space in the Frame -glass curtain wall cladding -dropped ceiling -raised floor -timber internal finishes

External Green Roof

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Programme and Circulation

After establishing a 7500 x 7500 grid and building frame, programmatic elements were placed into the frame considering the motion of vehicles and their direction of circulation. The vertical and horizontal circulation axis is replaced with a 3-dimensional space for movement.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Form Development The initial building form was influenced by the structural grid and place of cores. The tower element was proposed to be moved to the middle to create the main vertical circulation area in the building.

Iteration 1

Iteration 1

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 2

Iterat

tion 2

Changes from initial design -tower with atrium moved to the middle of the building to create a central vertical circulation with vehicle stations and public spaces (interior environment) Removing the outer skin of the interchange to minimise materials

-accommodations and data servers are placed above the public programmes -vehicular movement circulates around this central tower with an upward and downward ramp on each side

Iteration 3

-the levels alternate between vehiclefocused and people-focused stories -platforms behind the tower are mostly vehicular areas (parking, charging, maintenance, cleaning areas, etc.)

-distribution center to be placed in a separate block -aerial vehicle platforms placed above the two car ramps -connection between the two aerial platforms is provided through the tower Intervowing programmes through the central tower

Iteration 3

Iteration 3 Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Programme The building serves as an interchange for seamless journeys for passengers and goods. It provides charging and parking for cars and aerial vehicles. At the distribution center vehicles are loaded with cargo for last-mile or journeys to other distribution points.

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Viewpoint

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Computer area

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Garden

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Cinema

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Resting area

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Prayer room

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Playground

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Gym

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Staff area

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Restaurants

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Changing rooms

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Aerial vehicle platform

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Long term aerial parking

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Short term aerial parking

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Aerial vehicle charging

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Temporary car parking

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Vehicle repair

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Cleaning area

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Rapid charging

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Breakdown of programmes and their relationships

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Car terminals

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Bus station

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Monitoring Train station Damaged vehicle storage

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Abandoned cargo storage

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Building elements storage

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Cargo storage

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Distribution to another point

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Last-mile distribution Staff housing

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Rentable accommodations Data servers

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IT control rooms

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Power generation

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Service rooms

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Waste management

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Water storage

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Programme Diagram of Northbound

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Circulation Movement is an important part of the building occupation. The various types of vehicles and people move in different ways, which was attempted to be represented by the way spaces were shaped for the different users.

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Car ramps and platfroms

Aerial vehicle platforms

Spaces used by people

Cars Air Vehicles Passengers

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Goods

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Ty p e

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Building Services Because of the scale of the building, the services are localised inside the frame distributed through the cores. Internal spaces are heated when in use, and automatically switched off by the monitoring system if not to save energy.

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5 cores are proposed for each side of the building. They provide fire escape routes for most part of the building given the 45 m travel distance for two-way escape. Additional external fire stairs have to be provided at the outdoor platforms where this does not apply, or where platforms are reached via bridges.

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Core 2 - in the middle of car ramps

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The building is proposed to be connected to the nearby water treatment plant close to the site.

Power and plant rooms Natural ventilation Sewage treatment on site Rainwater collection Sprinkler system Water supply

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Building Services Distribution The drawing is missing two additional core on each sides which were added for the car charging energy distribution after the drawing was made.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Environment and User Experience

The proposal questions environmental and ethical issues in mobility. Can new technologies solve the unsustainable operation of the transport sector and how can transportation become a new, more pleasant, experience for people.

The project speculates about a future scenario, however, acknowledges that it does not provide a solution for these issues, rather highlighting their presence.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Can Efficiency be a Route to Sustainability?

The project speculates about a hyper-connected reality, projected from current visions of smart cities and systems, where technology and digitalisation solve issues of emissions and inequality through seamless operation, central control, and efficiency...

Nationwide transport system

Site and Context

Integrating different transport types -seamless operation

Site located in rural area -close to detached communities

Centrally controlled movement of automated vehicles -efficiency and precision in the journeys Fixed number of vehicles on the roads -avoiding growth of the sector Vehicle sharing system -vehicles operated on full capacity Electric vehicles -generated from renewable sources Overlooking every vehicle type -monitoring the collective emissions of transportation Make mobility accessible for rural areas -generating local value Relocate transport facilities and parking outside urban areas -more space in cities for people and greenery

Open site to be able to adapt new infrastructure -future-proofing

Provide access to mobility for the surrounding area -enhance local agricultural activities

Connecting to nearby water treatment plant -On-site water and sewage management

Rainwater recycling and retention pond -Combining flood management with amenities

Raised programmes -Future flood risk mitigation

Geothermal energy plant -On-site energy generation

The Building Specifically generic architectural system -adaptable for future programmes Robust primary structure -built for longevity Low-embodied energy materials for internal spaces -spaces might need adaptation as needs change Prefabricated moduls in the primary frame -combining offsite and on-site construction Material sourcing and construction processes are overlooked centrally -integrated product deliveries Effective transportation of materials -integrated mobility to reduce transportation energy Nature enters the building on the ground floor and reen spaces inside the building -maintaining biodiversity

However, through the progression of the project, it became obvious that for a system like this to exist there is a need for a very large supporting physical infrastructure. Future visions often exclude the fact that digital processes also have a physical presence and consume a large amount of energy.

Technology might be able to solve a lot of issues, but how can it deal with the environmental harm caused by itself?

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Mobility as a Right Today, connectivity, both physical and digital, is one of the most important things we need in our daily lives. Lack of access to mobility creates spatial inequalities in the country. The project speculates about a future where this urban and rural divide is mitigated by the new infrastructure. There is no private transport allowed on the roads, thus everyone is using the same system.

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Social aspects on a system and building scale

MOBILITY AS PUBLIC TRANSPORT 4 Affordable public service

Used by everyone No private alternative, but human-driven cars can be rented

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2 Seamless operation with integrated coordination on different scales

Vehicular journeys have to be approved in terms of emissions provisions

Aims to mitigate spatial inequalities in mobility between different parts of the country

Provide nationwide digital connectivity

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Transparency of physical and digital data to the public

6 Good quality accommodations and resting spaces for travellers

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Facilities suitable for different age groups

TRANSPORT INTERCHANGES

8 Spaces to foster social interaction

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Providing routes and facilities for cyclists, runners and hikers

Visual transparency of processes and movements Safe interfaces with machines and robots in the building

Spaces to promote health (gym, green spaces, lake,...)

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Storyboarding the social scenarios

Although the existence of a public transport system which can replace private journeys would be appealing, there might be new issues emerging, for example with the question of ownership.

Who would be responsible for cleaning and maintaining the vehicles? Would the government be responsible e to operate it on good quality and innovate when necessary?

There is also a conflict between providing the access to mobility for everyone and reducing overall travel distances to cut down emissions. How could this balance between access and environmental consciousness be achieved?

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Journey to the Building Visualisations of the passenger experience approaching the building by various transport modes.

Aerial journey

Train journey

Car journey

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Tactile Detail - Transparent Data Visualisation For the public system to work fairly, it has to be transparent and people should be able to feed into it. On an architectural level, transparency is created via data visualisations in the building via a light installation, so people can grasp its complexity.

Precedent: flight visualisations

Scenario 2

Scenario 1

Vehicular movements around the UK

Movements in the building

Interactive light installation

Train journey

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

1:5 Tactile Detail Study The detail shows a connection of the fiberglass frame which supports a knitted structure with interwoven LED lights. The design was inspired by 2 and 3-way power connectors, transferring the objects onto a larger scale.

Light track distributing the LED lights in the structure

Connector cable directing the lights into the woven structure LED lighting strips following movement data of users in the building

Knitted layer supporting the LED light while providing transparency through the installation

3-way light connector to distribute the strips in all directions through the structural node

Zip tie cables going around the light track to attach the two parts of the nodes Half assembly of the 3D printed connection node

Fibreglass rods housing light tracks treated with fire protection on the inside

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Final Proposal

An Interchange for Socially Responsible Seamless Future Mobilities

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

A National Transport System The conceptual masterplans show how on the national scale the interchanges would be part of a network of transportation nodes which overlook the transport regions. Communication between the is present all scales.

Regional Masterplan

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National Masterplan Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Site Plan The surrounding site is mostly agricultural area, which are currently disconnected as there is no access to the motorway nearby. With providing roads to the rural area the activities can be enhanced and products can be easily transported elsewhere.

Waiting passengers can take a walk to the nearby lake and forest.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Ground Floor Plan The plan shows how the building connects to the motorway as well as the surrounding area. The bus and HGV parking are located here, to avoid having these larger vehicles travel up the building. Staff accommodation is also placed on the ground floor, and some recreational facilities as the football pitch and cycling paths. The basin slows rainwater runoff and creates a pleasant environment for visitors.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Ground Floor Plan 1.

Entrance from local area

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Cafe

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Plant rooms

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Backup generators

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Roads from rural area

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HGV loading/unloading area

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HGV parking area

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Downward ramps

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Bus parking area

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Bus station

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Upward ramps

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Retention pond

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Cycling route and ramp

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Staff accommodations

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Car parking (entering from surrounding area)

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Ground Vehicle Station Plan Going up the building, stories for cars and people alternate to avoid dangerous interfaces for passengers. This plan shows a level with car and bicycle parking, cleaning, and loading/unloading. Visitors can reach other programmes through the central circulation area.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Ground Vehicle Station Plan 1.

Upward ramps

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Anticlockwise circulation route

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Car station

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Food stalls

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Pray room

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Circulation core

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Luggage storage

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Central Atrium

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Clockwise circulation

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Downward ramps

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Distribution area

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Short-term parking

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Car cleaning and maintenance

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Bicycle storage

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Outdoor play area

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Train station (on lower level)

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Aerial Vehicle Station Plan Moving up the building the central tower houses accommodation for passengers. Above the car ramps are the aerial vehicle platforms which are connected to each other through the tower and to the warehouse via a bridge. Rooftop gardens and viewpoints allow passengers to admire the agricultural scenery.

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Aerial Vehicle Station Plan 1.

Viewing platform

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Elevator (passenger circulation through core)

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Aerial vehicle parking platform

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Route the vehicle maintenance area

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Reception

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Accommodations for passengers

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Bridge to cargo storage

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Warehouse

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Outdoor seating area

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Resting area

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Pedestrian bridges

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Circulation core

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Greenhouse

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Rooftop garden

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Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy

Site Section through the Motorway The section cuts through the central towers and the motorway, showing the building’s relationship with the infrastructure and site.

Infra-Space Infra-Space- -Future FutureServices Services| Mylan | MylanThuroczy Thuroczy

Close-up Section 1.

The M58

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Car ramps

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Bus parking area

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Bus station

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Entrance from surrounding area

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Train station

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Information and ticket desks

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Waiting area

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Central atrium

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Real-time movement visualisation

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Car stations

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Restaurants

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Cinema

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Gym and changing rooms

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Resting area for adult

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Play area for children

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Aerial vehicle maintenance area

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IT control rooms

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Data server racks

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Rooftop garden and green house

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Long-term parking and charging

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Car maintenance area

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Outdoor recreational area

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Rapid charging area

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Short-term parking area

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Library

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Infra-Space - Future Services 5. | Mylan Thuroczy

References Page 7 ArchDaily. (no date) Longfu Life Experience Center / LUO studio. [Online] [Accessed on 15th May 2021] https://www.archdaily. com/906547/longfu-life-experience-center-luo-studio?ad_medium=gallery ArchDaily. (no date) Madrid-Barajas Airport Terminal 4 / Estudio Lamela & Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. [Online] [Accessed on 15th May 2021] https://www.archdaily.com/805964/madrid-barajas-airport-terminal-4-estudio-lamela-plus-richard-rogerspartnership ArchDaily. (no date) MVRDV Unveil Monumental Urban Staircase in the Center of Rotterdam. [Online] [Accessed on 15th May 2021] https://www.archdaily.com/787593/mvrdv-unveil-monumental-urban-staircase-in-the-center-of-rotterdam-holland-thenetherlands Hawkins/Brown. (no date) The Gantry at Here East \ A new creative community. [Online] [Accessed on 15th May 2021] https:// www.hawkinsbrown.com/projects/the-gantry-at-here-east MVRDV. (no date) EXPO 2000. [Online] [Accessed on 15th May 2021] https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/158/expo-2000 Page 9 ArchDaily. (2013) 5 Robots Revolutionizing Architecture’s Future. [Online] [Accessed on 8th May 2021] https://www.archdaily. com/336849/5-robots-revolutionizing-architectures-future ArchDaily. (2011) Flight Assembled Architecture Exhibition. [Online] [Accessed on 8th May 2021] https://www.archdaily. com/177786/flight-assembled-architecture-exhibition?ad_medium=gallery Artstation. (no date) Stephen Cunnane - Civil Construction Unit Animation. [Online] [Accessed on 8th May 2021] https://www. artstation.com/artwork/lNQvJ Dezeen. (2018) “Post-digital architecture will be rough, provisional and crafted by robots”. [Online] [Accessed on 8th May 2021] https://www.dezeen.com/2018/12/12/post-digital-architecture-owen-hopkins-opinion/ Smith, R.E. a Quale, J. D. (2017) Offsite Architecture - Constructing the Future. Oxon: Routledge.

Page 18, 19 RIBA. (2020) RIBA Sustainable Outcomes Guide. [Online] [Accessed on 7th May 2021] https://www.architecture.com/-/media/ GatherContent/Test-resources-page/Additional-Documents/RIBASustainableOutcomesGuide2019pdf.pdf Pelsmaker, S. (2012) The Environmental Design Pocketbook. London: RIBA Publishing.

Page 21 Aaron Koblin. [Online image] [Accessed on 16th May 2021] http://www.aaronkoblin.com/work/flightpatterns/ Page 22 Architecture and Urbanism Magazine. (no date) Computational Discourses, Commentary 02: Sabin Lab and Jenny Sabin Studio.

[Online] [Accessed on 8th May 2021] https://au-magazine.com/interviews/sabin-lab-jenny-sabin-studio/ National Lighting. (no date) T-CONNECTOR - Track Lighting Accessory. [Online] [Accessed on 8th May 2021] https://www. nationallighting.co.uk/t-connector-track-lighting-accessory-black

Infra-Space - Future Services | Mylan Thuroczy