The Mexico Book of Writing

THE “MEXICO” BOOK OF WRITING

BY: JESSE MENDOZA Mendoza 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Introduction/About the Author

3

Section 1 Punctuation/Capitalization

4-5

Section 2 Parts of Speech

5-14

Section 3 Phrases

14-15

Section 4 Clauses

15-16

Section 5 Sentences

16-19

Section 6 Paragraphs

19-22

Section 7 Essays

22-23

Works Cited

24

Dedication

25

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Introduction This book will teach you lots of grammar that you may not know about. It will show you many definitions and function you may have not known about. It will show you how to correctly use them and i will show you some examples. I focused on the country of Mexico and will use many examples to make sense of grammar.

About The Author My name is Jesse Mendoza I go to Bravo High and im 16 years old. As you can see I’m focusing on the country of Mexico. I decided to write it on this because I’m pretty sure i like it a lot ever since i went when i was smaller. I liked seeing all the really nice beaches and all the free space there is and the animal because im a animal guy. I’ve never liked reading or writing because I would find it boring and I wouldn't use my brain much. Until now, I kind of like to read after my non fiction book and now writing is not that bad.

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“Mexico” BOOK OF WRITING Grammar ​is the structure and system of a language that governs how it works.

It depends heavily upon syntax, which is word order, and morphology, which is how words are formed​.

BOOK SECTION 1 PUNCTUATION and CAPITLIZATION Punctuation ​–. , - – : ; ? ! ‘ “ … [ ] ( ) / . ​The period is only used twice at the end of a sentence and when you type Mr of Ms. ​Mexico has so much interesting history and fascinating traditions. , ​Comas are used to separate words or phrases in aeries.​ Mexico has many different types of food for example Tacos, Gorditas, and Ceviche.

–​ ​The dash sets off an appositive or parenthetical expression, expeccially when it contains a series divided by commas. ​Mexico has also many beautiful beaches that attract tourists - Puerto Vallarta, Cabo San Lucas, and Cancun.

- ​A hyphen separates the words of compound, separates prefixes and suffixes on some words and separates the words that may be compounded as a modifier.​ Mexico is also well-known for its food. : ​The colon introduces a formal statement, long quotation or series of items. ​Mexico's top three beaches are: Cancun, Rosarito, Puerto Vallarta. ; ​A semicolon is used between independent clauses not joined by a conjunction.​ Mexico has lots of famous cities like Guadalajara JAL; Tepic NAY; and Jerez, ZAC. ! ​An exclamation point ​is used when a person wants to express a sudden outcry or add emphasis. “ ​Quotation marks are used for direct quotation and in dialogue.

Mexico also has some dark sides for example is known as “Cartel Land”. … ​The ellipsis is used in writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letters or words… ​ Mexico has some of the most beautiful beaches on the planet, hotels and so on... []​ ​A bracket is a punctuation mark that's used to set a word or phrase aside from the rest of a sentence.​ Mexico’s most popular state [ Jalisco] is a very tourist place with many places to visit.

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() ​A word, clause, or sentence inserted as an explanation.​ Mexico has many multi billionaires fore example Carlos Slim (58.1 billion). / ​The slash is commonly used to: signify alternatives (and/or) Mexico/Cartel land is a beautiful country, even though there's a lot of violence.

b. Define and create one (1) example sentence for each capitalization rule.

Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter in uppercase.

Mexico has many bright and dull sides to it, like most countries.

PARTS OF SPEECH I.

NOUNS A. Types of nouns: 1. Common Nouns​: name a class of people, places, things, or 2.

3.

4.

5.

B. Noun identifiers: 1.

-ness -tude -ster ​Farsighted​ness ​

2.

idea. ​Hotels, guns, money, beaches, and poverty.

Proper Nouns:​ give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized).

Jalisco, Puerto Vallarta, and Sinaloa Compound Nouns: ​consist of words used together to form a single noun.

Airport, Battlefield, and Seafood Concrete Nouns: ​refer to material things, to people, or to places. ​Cemetery, Cars, and Narcs Abstract Nouns:​ name ideas, quality, emotions or attitudes.

Intelligent, Overprotective, and Death

3.

Noun endings: ​(list one word for each ending)

-tion -ism -ist -ture -ment -ance -ence -ity -ory -eer -hood Informa​tion​ Sex​ism​ Technolog​ist ​ Crea​ture​ Atti​tude ​ Entertain​ment Ch​ance​ Sent​ence​ Responsibil​ity​ Mini​ster ​ Hist​ory​ B​eer ​King​hood

Plural form​: Cars Workers

Possessive form​: Worker’s Cars’

4. Following a preposition​:

These are some common prepositions​: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside Mendoza 5

of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except for, excluding, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, via, with, within, without.

​Note:​ Sometimes the above words are used as adverbs.

Functions (How nouns are used​): Write one sentence for each function.

5. Subject​ (comes before the verb) N​ – V S​ V Donald Trump spoke harshly over the mexican people.

6. Direct Object​ (comes after the verb and answer what or whom) N – V – ​N S​ V DO IO El Chapo has almost hired all the people from his home town to work for him.

7. Indirect Object​ (answers to who or to whom) N – V – ​N​ – N ​S V DO IO El chapo paid all his workers at the end of every Month.

8. Adverbial Object​ (comes after the verb and answers when) N – V – ​N S V AO Cartels work all day long to be able to control mexico.

Prep – ​N N – LV – ​N

9. Object of the Preposition​ (follows a preposition)

S​ V Prep OPrep Many underclass people go to dirty jobs due to they need for money.

10.

Subject Complement​ (following a ​linking verb​)

11.

Object Complement​ (follows a direct object and

S LV SC Mexico is the most corrupt country thanks to how successfully the narcs do their work.

renames it) N – V – N – ​N S V DO OC Mexicos “gang” is not very selective on choosing who to work for them because they are not good at it.

12. Appositives​ (renames nouns, separated by commas) N, ​N S​ ​ PP A V Mexico, may be violent but something it has is that it's really beautiful.

13. Adjectival​ (describes noun following it) N​ – N S V Adjvl Mendoza 6

Mexico's government has done so much to stop corruption, they say 14. ​ oun in Direct Address N ​N​, N or N, ​N ​ N

I've asked my said “Narcs do you guys do anything good.”

15. Object of the gerund​ (noun that follows a ​gerund​) Gerund – ​N G ​ G O The new president winning might change whole mexico.

16.

Object of the participle​ ​(noun that follows a

participle​) Participle – ​N ​Part​ ​OPart After Obrador winning many people and article stated that mexicos had a small change.

17. Object of the infinitive​ (noun that follows an ​infinitive​) Infinitive – ​N __​Inf__ ​ Inf O Many innocent wanted lopez obrador to win the presidency.

II.

PRONOUNS

Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established. Explain each kind and use as many of each of the six types of pronouns in ONE SENTENCE PER TYPE, so just twelve total sentences in this section.

1. Personal: Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects) I/we me/us you/you you/you He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them

Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs

2. Relative: Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose

That that of that those/ this

3. Interrogative: who, which, what, whatever, whoever

4. Reflexive:​ (personal pronouns plus the suffix ​–self o ​ r ​–selves)​ Used only: A. when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: i. He grades ​himself m ​ ore harshly than his students​.​ She bought herself​ two Mendoza 7

books.

B. to intensify a point: i. The coordinator ​himself​ delivered the speech. Even though it was hard work, “I can finish the job ​myself​” the student thought​.

5. Demonstrative: this, these that, those

6. Indefinite: all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

III. VERBS Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject.

A. ​How verbs are identified​: ​(list three to five of each type) 1. Verb ending​: ​- s, -ed, -ing are the basic ones. Show the

others, as well.

2. Tense: ​verbs indicate time via tenses​:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present

3. Forms:

6. present 7. present perfect 8. present progressive

9. present perfect progressive 10. future 11. future perfect

a. Forms of “to be”:​ ​am, are, is, was, were, be, been, being (These verbs can be used as ​helping verbs​ or main verbs. When used as main verb, they are always ​linking verbs – true linking verbs = all forms of ​be​,​ become, a ​ nd​ seem​)​.

b. Forms of “to do”:​ ​do, does, did, done, doing (These verbs can be used as helping verbs​ or main verbs).

c. Forms of “to have”:​ ​have, had, has, having (These verbs can be used as helping verbs​ or main verbs).

4. Types: ​There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs:

a. auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) b. linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) c. lexical verbs (main verbs) d. dynamic verbs (indicate action) e. stative verbs (describe a condition) f. finitive verbs (indicate tense) g. nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) Mendoza 8

h. i. j. k.

regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

5.​ V ​ oice:​ Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE.

6. Verbals​: (​VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS​) a. Gerund:​ ​ word ending in “ing” used as a noun.​ Many tourists like traveling Mexico b. Participle:​ word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective People can have fun swimming in the open oceans in Mexico. c. Infinitive:​ ​verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs Lots of tourists like to show their money due to the fact of how cheap stuff is over in Mexico.

IV.

V.

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns.

1.

Kinds​: Demonstrative, Common, Proper ● This country of mexico has mutual feelings for different people due to the pros and cons. The country is filled with lots of nice people. Many Californian people are the major tourist rate.

2.

Endings​: What suffixes are adjective endings?

-ible, -ive, and -ent ● accessible, attractive, and excellent 3.

Conversions​: How are other parts of speech converted into adjectives? ● bad- worse, far- furthest, and good- best 4.

Articles​: What are these? How/when are they used? ● Articles can be used with singular, plural, or uncountable nouns. Are you going to the pool party this weekend, it's in my hotel pool?

5.

Comparatives/Superlatives​: What are these? How/when are they used? (Give one example adjective related to your subject.) ● Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between two objects. Mexican Beaches are better than the united states beaches.

ADVERBS

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. a. ​Endings i. –ly, -wards, -wise Likely, Award, and Otherwise Mendoza 9

b. Conversions i. How can adjectives or verbs be converted into adverbs?

Brutally, Extremely, and Beautifully

c. Types​: Manner, Frequency, Place, Time d. Conjunctive Dubai and Mexico’s beaches are similarly in many was due to how clean they are. e. Intensifiers Intensifiers adverbs strengthen the meaning of other expressions and show emphasis. Almost all the tourist attractions are very beautiful. f. Comparatives/ Superlatives Comparative adverbs are used when want to compare. The criminal situations in Mexico are worse than in almost any other place. i. What are these? ii. How are they used?

Example Types:​ (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner- When i heard that the flight tickets to mexico were 100 dollars i booked the ticket quickly.

Time- I heard the gunshots outside the hotel and left immediately.

Place- After a long time parting in mexico you will most likely head homeward exhausted.

Degree- Hotels in the summer in Mexico are very expensive.

Frequency- You will almost never leave Mexico unhappy.

VI.

VII.

CONJUNCTIONS

A. Coordinating​ (FANBOYS):​ for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so B. Correlative​: ​Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or;

as/so C. Subordinate​: ​after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while.

D. Relative pronouns​: ​who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence.

Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are ​one-word prepositions​ and complex prepositions​. These are ​some​ common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, Mendoza 10

despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

There are several others, as well: In place of ​taking some really fancy and luxurious vacations to other places just go to Mexico. You will leave Mexico ​without​ no complaints due to how nice it is. It is nothing outside of ​the ordinary just really nice country.

VIII.

INTERJECTIONS

Interjections are the final part of speech.

Ohh,​ i wished i stayed at that hotel Wow​, i love the food here.

Yes​, i love the city

Key associated terms to know for Parts of Speech: ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Transitions (INCLUDE THE “TRANSITIONS OF LOGIC” CHART – link is below, so is the chart - just copy and paste the chart onto your document) Antecedents Complements Objects o Direct o Indirect Modifiers Expletives Agreements o Subject-Verb o Noun-Pronoun

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Transitions of Logic Chart Transitions of Logic

Milder

Stronger

Addition

a further x and and then then also too next another other nor

further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

Comparison

just as ... so too a similar x another x like

similarly comparable in the same way likewise

Contrast

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather

however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless conversely

Time

then now

meanwhile at length

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soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow

presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

Purpose

to do this so that

to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this x

Place

there here beyond nearby next to

at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

Result

so and so then

hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequence

Example

that is specifically in particular for one thing

for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

Summary and Emphasis

in sum generally after all

in short on the whole as I said

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by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose

1. Phrases ​– a.

in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 3 PHRASES Prepositional

A modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object. According to many articles Mexico currently is the most violent country in the world

b.

Appositive

Appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers. MAny people see mexico like a vacation but i see it as my childhood home, old open in the middle of no where.

c.

Verbal​ (3) i. Gerund

A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund. Traveling may be one of the funest thing to do on free time.

ii. Participle

A participle is a verbal ending in -ing. Colima is one of the most attractive states due to its beaches where everyone enjoys swimming.

iii. Infinitive

Infinitive is a verbal (a word that expresses action). Unfortunately to go on a vacation you need a good amount of money.

Phrases are groups of words that function as a part of speech.

A. Prepositional​: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ​ends with a noun​, and is used as an adjective or an adverb.

Mexico has 32 beautiful states and the best one is Jalisco.

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B. Appositive​: A group of words that include all the words or phrases that modify

an appositive.

Mexico are currently working to try a new tactic to stop corruption.

C. Verbal​: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ​ends with a noun​.

1. Gerund​ ​word ending in “ing” used as a noun.​ 2. Participle​ word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective 3. Infinitive ​verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as noun, adjectives, or adverbs

1. ​Clauses​ –

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 4 CLAUSES

Clauses are groups of words with a subject and a verb. ​A.​ INDEPENDENT – ​CAN​ stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a

simple sentence​ ​pattern​.

That house is a place where people suspiciously go missing.

B.​ SUBORDINATE (Dependent) – ​CANNOT​ stand alone as a complete sentence and ​MUST​ begin with a ​SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION​.

1. ​Noun Clause​: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.

That house we all grew up in has now burned down to the ground. ​ . ​Adjective Clause​: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause.

2 A​. ​Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: The song that the judges prefer is the catchiest songs.

B.​ ​Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: The white people are obviously the people who travel more.

d. ​NOTE:​ The relative pronoun has two functions. It introduces the clause ​and​ it is used as a sentence-part within the clause. ​ John the kid whom shyly asked that girl for his number. ​ . ​Adverb Clause​:​ Used to ​modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs​ in an 3 independent clause, introduced by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession​. a. Modifying verbs: The semester was finally coming to an end but good thing i had all A’s b. Modifying adjectives: ​ School now feels twice as long as in middle school. c. Modifying adverbs: Erick works harder than his brother just to get more money.

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​

​4. ​Relative Clauses​: Dependent clause that begins with a ​relative pronoun​.

Because the film was horrible ghostly, it only aired on halloween. ​5. ​Elliptical Clauses​: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.

When playing sports, injury is a risk. ​6. ​Essential Clauses​: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

The coat of paint that fades away first is inferior to the other paint. ​7. ​Nonessential Clauses​: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

Swimming, which started around 1830, is my favorite pastime.

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 5 SENTENCES

1. Sentences a.

Sentence Parts ii. Predicate​ (3) i. Subject​ (3) 1. Complete 1. Complete 2. Simple 2. Simple 3. Compound 3. Compound

b.

Sentence Types​ (4)

i. Declarative iv. Exclamatory ii. Interrogative

iii. Imperative c.

Sentence Errors (Incomplete/Incorrect Types)​ (with correction guidelines)

i. Fragment ii. Run-on/Rambling iii. Fused Sentence iv. Misplaced Modifier v. Comma Splice vi. Double Negative d.

Sentence Patterns​ (13)

i. Simple vii. Balanced Sentence ii. Complex viii. Parallel Structure iii. Compound ix. Chiasmus iv. Complex/ x. Asyndeton Compound xi. Polysyndeton v. Loose Sentence xii. Anaphora vi. Periodic Sentence xiii. Epistrophe

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Sentence Parts

1. Subject (3) a. Complete b. Simple c. Compound

2. Predicate (3) a. Complete b. Simple c. Compound

The tourist walked all over the city.

The poor ladies home flew when the hurricane hit.

Traveling to Mexico is one of my favorite things to do.

Sentence Types 1. Declarative The sky is blue.

2. Interrogative Do you want to go to Mexico with me?

3. Imperative Go get me dinner.

4. Exclamatory What a beautiful hotel is this.

Sentence Errors (Incomplete/Incorrect Types) 1. Run-On/Rambling I like to travel a lot, especially to the Mexican beaches i also like to visit the city and see the houses in mexico my favorite food is tacos.

I enjoy traveling.

My favorite food to eat in Mexico is tacos.

2. Fused At first i wanted to go to hawaii but now I don't.

At first i wanted to go to hawaii but, now I don't.

3. Fragment

_____= Incorrect When we got to Mexico we also called my mother and my sister.

When we arrived we made some phone calls home.

4. Misplaced While we were diving in the ocean we found an old man's phone.​ While we diving in the ocean we found a mans old phone.

5. Modifier When nine years old, my dream was to go to the Mexican beaches.

When I was nine

years old, one of my dreams was to visit the mexican beaches.

6. Double Negative My friend told me she ain't gonna eat seafood.​ ​My friend told me she is not going to eat seafood.

7. Comma Splice When i got to the hotel i saw my old middle school best friend. ​When I got to the hotel, I saw my middle school bestfriend.

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Sentence Patterns Simple Complex Compound Complex/Compound Loose Sentence Periodic Sentence Balanced Sentence

8. Parallel Structure 9. Chiasmus 10. Asyndeton 11. Polysyndeton 12. Anaphora 13. Epistrophe

1. Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one Independent clause.

We went to my parents' home town.

2. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses.

When we got there, I saw my grandparents.

3. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

My grandparents laughed when we were cracking jokes in the night.

4. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Though many other people would prefer to travel to anywhere else, I would choose Mexico.

5. Loose Sentence: ​A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase).

The hotel had a nice view, good food, nice rooms and a really nice lobby.

6. Periodic Sentence: ​A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense.

With one of the highest killing rates and withe lots of cartel violence, Mexico still has some beautiful beaches and many tourist attractions.

7. Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length When the going gets tough, the tough get going.

8. Parallel Structure: A sentence ​using the same pattern of words to show that two or more words or ideas are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written Mendoza 18

Traveling, beaches, good food and nice view are Mexico.

9. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order Mexico is the best place to travel it also has the best food.

10. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Without any doubts without competing without arguing Mexico for vacation is the best.

11. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

You can do many activities in Mexico go for a swim, eat the great food, travel all the country, and observing the landscapes.

12. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.

From the memories i have it’s a place you should consider visiting.

13. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.

If you ever decide to visit Mexico, may Mexico treat you well and I hope you enjoy Mexico.

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 6 PARAGRAPHS

1. Paragraphs​ – ​Introductory Paragraphs i. Hook/lead 1. Anecdotal

2. Query Based ii. Thesis statement (7 types)

1.

Assertion (Claim) 5.

Generalization 2.

Fact 6.

Document Based 3.

Opinion 7.

Theory 4.

Belief

b. Body Paragraphs i. Topic sentence ii. Sentences with examples 1. Quotes (5 ways to integrate quotes INTO sentences) Mendoza 19

a. MLA Citation 2. Paraphrase 3. Summary 4. Anecdotes 5. Concrete examples 6. Abstract examples iii. Closing sentences c. Closing Paragraphs i. Statement extending the thesis ii. Consequences of disregarding the thesis iii. Establishing the significance of thesis iv. Final sentence (“Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…)

1. Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions)

a. Hook (Lead) i. Anecdotal​ (Brief story to set the mood and intro the topic) Out of 195 countries in the world, the one you should consider visiting would be Mexico. It’s has every you want, great spots for vacation, the best food, poor but beautiful towns, and their amazing landscapes. It may have some rough times but overall is a good county. But you should visit Mexico. ii. Query Based​ (Question that brings the reader to the topic) Is Mexico really that good of a country though? b. Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length – and something that is arguable) i. Assertion​ (claim) The exotic beaches and amazing foods it has is incomparable to your common foods and don’t forget the views and the attractive destinations. ii. Fact​ (empirically verifiable) Mexican food is known for its range of flavors and spices. Popular dishes include tacos, burritos and enchiladas. iii. Opinion​ (personal position on a topic) The beaches and food is Mexico's most attractive feature. iv. Belief​ (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily) Mexico’s official religion is Catholisisim even though many other religion have spread all through Mexico. v. Generalization​ (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most, half – ​avoid using this type of thesis statement​) All “good” countries always have the down dark sides, in Mexico is all the violence and corruption. vi. Document Based​ (cites a specific source and its position on a topic) In the article TravelUSNews it states how Mexico has some of the most amazing beaches on the planet and how it currently has 500 beaches. vii. Theory​ (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven) Mendoza 20

Mexico might have so many nice beaches, hotels, and food but it also has dark sides.

2. Body Paragraphs​ (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or expand on the thesis)

a. Topic Sentences Many people have different views and opinions on Mexico overall, some like it and others don’t. b. Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) Some good things about traveling or living in Mexico if your an international traveler, is the low cost of living there​, how cheap it is. ​ (Vittana 26) “If you do have water, you should not drink it in Mexico” yes they don’t treat the water. ( Vittana 112) The beaches of Mexico provide you with a world-class experience.

They have some amazing and exotic beaches you could only find there.

“You are going to love the food that is in Mexico.” It has some of the best spices and best food ( Vittana 91) i. Paraphrase (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source) “If you do have water, you should not drink it in Mexico” Living in Mexico might affect your health well the water might. ii. Summary (condensing larger quotes or sections) “The beaches of Mexico provide you with a world-class experience.”

(Vittana 54) The Beaches are beautiful. iii. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples – ​AVOID​) People would save more money if they travel to Mexico. iv. Concrete Examples (actual, reference-able examples) A study in June 2017 of the ​BanderasNews​ shows some of the pros and cons of living and traveling in Mexico, It shows how there traveling rate is going up every year by 5%. c. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) Clearly, Mexico has many positive functions you might consider traveling to not many dark sides to it.

3. Closing Paragraphs​ (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay)

a. Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT) If more people would travel/live in Mexico there would be less corruption and less violence, all of the violence for money, but on the bright side they have 500 beautiful beaches and good food. b. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Mendoza 21

As such, the mixture of many races in mexico now is due to their attractions. c. Establishing the Significance of the Thesis As more people travel or move in to Mexico they will be improving the corruption and violence, but will improve the county on government wise and look wise. d. Final Sentence (connects to the hook) So by all the pros and cons mexico is overall a beautiful country and by the time will improve.

“

“ BOOK OF WRITING

GRAMMAR BOOK SECTION 7 ESSAYS

1. Essays​ – Explain the purpose and specific features of each type (and subtype) of essay. Show the specific tactics used to create successful essays of each type.

Students do NOT have to include their own examples for each, they just have to explain and discuss each type. If students decide to create essay examples to include in their grammar books, twenty points (20) extra credit will be given for each ​original example​ (CREATED BY THE STUDENT FOR THIS PROJECT) of a ​FULL, MULTI-PAGE ORIGINAL essay that is included when the essay section is turned in – complete with your self created prompt. a. Types i. Persuasive An analytical (Argumentative) essay is basically An essay that you to ​present some argue in. You try to type of prove a point. argument, or ii. Expository​ (Informative) claim, about 1. Definition or what you are Description analyzing.

2. Process (How-to) iv. Narrative​ (Tells a story) 3. Compare and 1. Personal Contrast Anecdote 4. Cause and A narrative essay Effect is like non fiction An informative essay. It is essay is an essay personal and you inform tells a true story. people about a v. Research certain topic you 1. MLA Citation basically just Format describe 2. APA Citation something.

Format iii. Analytical/Critical A research essay 1. Evaluative is used when you 2. Interpretive have no idea of Mendoza 22

what your writing 2. Synthesis so you have to 3. Prompt Based research. And Timed essays are when you cite to demonstrate you need to cite disciplinary it properly to see knowledge by if is reliable producing a sources. writing sample vi. Timed within a limited 1. Document time period.

Based Question

(DBQ) b. Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps i. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining Also known as a rough draft or just brainstorming ideas of how the project it going to turn out. ii. Research/Evaluation of Sources Your going to need evidence for example books, articles, videos, and more. c. Work Cited Page i. MLA Format ii.

International Living iii.

Examines the Pros & Cons iv. APA Format of Living in Mexico, Meade, J. (2018). ​Moon Mexico http://www.banderasnews.c City​. Avalon Travel Publishing. om/1807/vl-pros-and-cons of-living-in-mexico.htm​.

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Work Cited

“The Punctuation Guide.” The Punctuation Guide, www.thepunctuationguide.com/​.

“The Complete Guide to MLA & Citations.” MLA Format & MLA Citations Made Simple For You, 2000, ​www.citationmachine.net/mla/cite-a-website​.

International Living Examines the Pros & Cons of Living in Mexico​, www.banderasnews.com/1807/vl-pros-and-cons-of-living-in-mexico.htm.

Grillo, Ioan. ​El Narco: the Bloody Rise of Mexican Drug Cartels​.

Bloomsbury, 2017.

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Dedication I would like to Dedicate this book to all my family and friends that helped me.

I would try go give up and they would give me motivation to finish it and do good in the Book of Writing also because they would give me some facts about the country Mexico.

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