അറിയാനും അറീയിക്കാനും-Note on Right to information Act from T james Joseph

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

Adnbm\pw Adnbn°m\pw: hnhcmhImi \nbaw 2005

tUm. sP. -_n. cmP≥ tUm. F_n tPm¿÷v

tIcf C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v tem°¬ AUvan\nkvt{Sj≥ (Ine) apf¶p∂ØpImhv ]n.H, Xriq¿ ˛ 680 581 t^m¨ : (0487) 2200244, 2201768 ^mIvkv : (0487) 2201062 C˛sabn¬ : kila@md2.vsnl.net.in sh_v : www.kilaonline.org

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

Ariyanum Ariyikkanum : Vivaravakasha Niyamam 2005 [To Know and Let Know: Right to Information Act 2005] Dr. J. B. Rajan, Assistant Professor, KILA Dr. Abey George, Assistant Professor, KILA Chief Editor Dr. P.P. Balan, Director, KILA Published by Director Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA) Mulakunnathukavu P.O., Thrissur-680 581 First Edition : January 2006 Second Edition: November 2012 Third Edition : February 2015 ISBN: 978-81-925633-1-2 c Rajan.J.B. and Abey George 2012 DTP : Sulochana C.K. Layout : Usman Kuttoth Cover Design : Rajesh T.V. Printed at : Co-operative Press, Mulamkunnathukavu, 2200391, 9895566621

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

{]km-[-I Ip-dn∏v

C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ `c-W- kp-Xm-cyX Dd∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßfpsS ^e-am--Wv hnh--c mh-Imi \nbaw 2005. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb P\m-[n-]Xy cmjv{Sw F∂ \ne-bn¬ anI® amXr-I-bv°mbn C¥ysb D‰p-t\m-°p∂ P\m-[n-]-Xy-t{]-an-Iƒ°v {]Xymi \¬Ip-∂-XmWv Cu \nbaw.

A[n-Imc hntI-{µo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS kpXm-cyhpw DØ-c-hm-ZnXz-]q¿W-hp-amb `cWw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ `c-W-]-cn-jvImc \S-]S- n-If - psS XpS¿®-bmWv hnh-cm-hI - mi \nbaw. A©p sIm√w \o≠ ]cym-tem-N-\-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw HSp-hn\nb-a-ambn amdnb _n¬ Xmc-X-tay\ Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-sW∂v hna¿iI¿ t]mepw Nq≠n-°m-´n-bn-´p-≠v. at‰-sXmcp \nb-ahpw t]mse CXpw Fßs\ \mw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂-Xns\ B{ibn-®n-cn-°pw CXns‚ ^ew. tIc-fØ - n\v C°m-cy-Ønepw A`n-am-\n-°m≥ hI-bp-≠v. tIcf ]©m-b-ØvcmPv \nb-a-Øn¬ 1999- ¬ t`Z-K-Xn-I-tfmsS hnh-cm-hIm-i-Øn-\p≈ hIp-∏p-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øncp∂p. hnh-cm-h-Im-i\nb-a-sØ-°p-dn®v Ahiyw Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ Imcy-߃ hfsc efn-X-ambn, G‰hpw km[m-c-W-°m¿°p-t]mepw a\- n-em-Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv Cu eLp ]pkvXIØn¬.

Gsd Bbm-k-I-c-amb Cu ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØv `wKn-bmbn ]q¿Øo-I-cn® tUm. sP. -_n. cmP\pw tUm. F_n tPm¿÷pw A\p-tam-Z\w A¿ln-°p-∂p. CXns‚ {]km-[\Øn¬ klmbn® AUz. ko\-cmPtKm-]m-en-t\m-Sp≈ IrX-⁄X - bpw ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs´.

Ine 21/2/2015

tUm. ]n.-]n. _me≥ Ub-d-IvS¿

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

D≈S°w t]Pv \º¿ 1.

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BapJw apJye£y߃ BcmWv s]mXpA[n-Imcn ?

Fs¥√mw hnh-c߃ ? hnh-cm-h-Imiw F∂m-se¥v ? s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS _m[yXIƒ hnhcw kzbtah Adnbn°hnhc hym]\w hnhcw e`yam°m≥ Hm^ok¿am¿ hnhcw \¬Im\p≈ NpaXe B¿°v? hnhcw e`yamIm≥ hnhcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ^okv Zmcn{ZytcJ°v Xmsgbp≈h¿°v kuP\yw ImeXmakw h∂mAt]£bnt∑¬ Xo¿∏v C{µnb sshIeyap≈hsc¶nAt]£ \nckn®mhnhcw \¬tI≠ hn[w _m[yXbn√mØ kmlNcy߃ HutZymKnI clky \nbaw, 1923 Ime∏g°aps≠¶n¬t∏mepw ]I¿∏hImisØ _m[n°psa¶n`mKnIamb shfns∏SpØaq∂mw I£nbn¬ \n∂p≈ hnhc߃ sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ tÉv C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\pIƒ: A[nImcßfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw in£m \S-]S- n-Iƒ ]cn-c£ ap≥K-W\m kz`mhw \S-]S- n-{Iaw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p≈ ÿm]-\-߃ dnt∏m¿´v A\p-_-‘-߃ A\p-_‘w 1 : A\p-_‘w 2 : A\p-_‘w 3 : A\p-_‘w 4 : A\p-_‘w 5 :

1 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 10 11 13 14 14 14 16 16 16 17 19 19 19 19 20 21 25 29 34 35 35 35 35 37

: hnhcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ At]£ (am-Xr-I) A∏o¬ At]£ (am-Xr-I) At]£ e`n-®Xv kw_-‘n® cPn-ÿ (am-Xr-I) A∏o¬ At]-£-Iƒ e`n-®Xv kw_-‘n® cPn-ÿ (am-Xr-I) Adn-bm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw ]©m-bØv cmPn¬

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

t_mIvkv: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

t]Pv \º¿

hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw : ÿm]-\-kw-hn-[m\w (H-‰t- \m-´Ø - n¬) tNmZy-߃°v ]cn[n hnhcw e`yam°p∂Xn\p≈ ^okv (tIcfØn¬) At]-£m-^okv AS-bv°p-∂- coXn sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ (ta¬hn-emkw) tIcf C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ (ta¬hn-emkw) hnh-cm-h-Imiw ˛ ka-b-]-cn[n (H-‰-t\m-´-Øn¬) hnh-cm-h-Imi \nb-a-Ønse ]´nI II {]Imcw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p≈ ÿm]-\-߃

11 12 13 15 24 28 33

36

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

1 1

1. BapJw Hcp P\m[n]Xy kwhn[m\Øn¬ kpXmcyhpw DØchmZnXz ]q¿Whpamb `cWw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p≈ {][m\ LSIamWv Adnbm\p≈ ]ucP\ßfpsS AhImiw. P\߃ \evInb A[nImcw D]tbmKn®v k¿°mcns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃ \nco£n°p∂Xn\pw ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\pw Bhiysa¶ntNmZyw sNøp∂Xn\pw XncpØp∂Xn\pw ]cam[nImcnIfmb P\߃°v AhImihpw ISabpap≠v. CXv \n¿hln°W sa¶n¬ `cW XeØn¬ \S°p∂ Imcy߃ Adnbm\p≈ kwhn[m\w BhiyamWv. \nba]cambn AXn\p≈ AhImiw ÿm]n®pIn´p∂Xn\p≈ ]cn{ia߃ Bcw`n®n´v h¿j߃ ]eXmbn. `cWLS\ hn`mh\w sNøp∂ auenImhImißfnsem∂mb A`n{]mb kzmX{¥yw hnh£n°p∂Xv Adnbm\p≈ AhImiamsW∂v kp{]ow tImSXn Hcp kp{][m\ hn[nbneqsS hy‡am°n bn´p≠v (kp-{]o-tIm-S-Xn, 1986 : Ip¬hm¬ Pbv]qdpw ap\n-kn∏¬ tIm¿∏-td-j\pw). hnhc kzmX{¥y _n¬ 2000 \v cq]w \evIns°m≠mWv hnhcmhImiØn\p≈ XpS°w Ipdn®Xv. Gsd N¿®Iƒ°pw ]cnjv°cW ߃°pw tijw 2005 B ]cn{iaw k^eambn. 2005 sabv 11 \v temIv-k` ]m m°nb \nb-a-Øn\v 2005 Pq¨ 15 \v cmjv{S-]-Xn-bpsS AwKoImcw e`n®p. 2005 HIvtSm_¿ 12 \v (_n¬ ]m mbn 120˛mw Znhkw) \nbaw {]m_eyØn¬ h∂p. tIcfØnse Xt±ikzbw`cWÿm]\߃ CXn\p apºpXs∂ hnhcmhImiØn\v XpS°w Ipdn®ncp∂p. tIcf ]©mbØocmPv BIvSv 1994 se 271˛mw hIp∏v hnhcmhImi Øn\v \n¿ÆmbI NphSphbv ∏ mbmWv 1999 se 13˛mw

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

2

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

\nba{]Imcw Iq´nt®¿ØXv. 1999 am¿®v 24 \v \ne-hn¬ h∂ tIcf]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-aØnse t`Z-KXn {]Imcw [hIp∏v 271] Xt±ikzbw `cWÿm]\ßfpsS hn⁄m]nX {]amWßsfmgnsI _m°nsb√m {]amWßfpw tcJIfpw ]cky{]amWßfpw tcJIfpambn {]Jym]n°s∏´p. (tI-cf ap\nkn-∏m-en‰n \nb-a-Øn¬ hIp∏v 571) DØahnizmktØmsS Bhiys∏Sp∂ hnhc߃ \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ \S]Sn{IaØn \\pkrXambn GXv ]uc\pw e`n°m≥ AhImiap≠v. Xt±i kzbw `cWÿm]\ßfpsS `cWw kpXmcyam°m\mWv Cßs\sbmcp hyhÿ ]©mbØncmPv \nbaØnDƒs∏SpØnbXv. hnhcmhImi \nbaw, 2005 \nehn¬ h∂tXmsS HutZymKnI tcJIƒ P\߃°v e`yam°p∂Xv F√m s]mXpA[n-ImcnIfpsSbpw NpaXebmbn amdn. ]ucP\߃°v HutZymKnI hnhc߃ Adnbm\p≈ AhImihpw s]mXpÿm]\߃°v Ah Adnbn°m\p≈ _m[yXbpw krjv S n°pIbmWv hnhcmhImi \nbaw, 2005.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

3

2. apJye£y߃ •

• •

s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS \nb{¥WØnep≈ hnhc߃ ]ucm-h-en°v {]m]yam°p∂ XcØn¬ Adnbm\p≈ AhImiw {]mtbmKnIam°p∂Xn\p≈ kwhn[m\w G¿s∏SpØpI. s]mXp A[n- I m- c n- b psS {]h¿Ø\߃ IqSpXkpXmcyhpw DØchmZnXz]chpam°pI. tI{µ˛kwÿm\Xeßfn¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj \pIfpsS cq]oIcWhpw A\p_‘ XpS¿ \S]Sn {Iaßfpw Nn´-s∏SpØpI.

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\ sNøp-∂Xv P\m-[n-]Xy dn∏-ªn°mbncns° DZv-t_m-[n-∏n-°-s∏´ ]ucm-h-enbpw hnhckpXmcy-Xbpw: • •

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\ £a-Xbv°pw Agn-aXn \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kp{]-[m-\-amWv. k¿°m-cn-t\-bpw AXns‚ LS-I-ß-tfbpw `cn-°-s∏Sp-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

3. BcmWv s]mXp A[n-Imcn ? s]mXp A[n-Imcn F∂ \n¿hN\Øn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂Xv: • `cWLS\m]camtbm AXns‚ Iogntem \nbam\pkrXw \nehn¬ h∂n´p≈ A[nImcnIƒ, ÿm]\߃, kzbw`cW ÿm]\߃.

• temIk` ]m m°nb \nbatam kwÿm\ \nbak` ]m m-°nb \nbatam, k¿°m¿ DØcthm hgn \nehnh∂ ÿm]\߃.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

4

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

•

k¿°m¿ DSaÿXbntem \nb{¥WØntem kmºØnI klmbØmtem {]h¿Øn°p∂ ÿm]\߃.

• {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm k¿°mcn¬ \n∂v kmºØnI klmbw e`n°p∂ k¿°mcnXc ÿm] \߃.

4. Fs¥√mw hnh-cß - ƒ? ]ucmhenbv°v s]mXp A[n-Imcn e`yam°m≥ _m[yÿamb hnhc߃ F∂Xv sIm≠v hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv Hcp s]mXp A[nIm-cn°v GXv cq]-Ønepw e`n-°m-hp-∂: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

B[nImcnI tcJIƒ Adnbn∏pIƒ C˛sabnA`n{]mb߃ D]tZi߃ ]{X°pdn∏pIƒ k¿°pedpIƒ DØchpIƒ temKv_p°pIƒ IcmdpIƒ dnt∏m¿´pIƒ {]_‘߃ amXrIIƒ, kmºnfpIƒ CeIvt{SmWnIv cq]Ønep≈ hnhc߃ kzImcyÿm]\ßsf°pdn®v at‰sX¶nepw \nba{]Imcw k¿°mcn\v e`yamIp∂ hnhc߃

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

5

5. hnh-cm-hI - miw F∂m-se¥v ? s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpsS A[o\Xbntem \nb{¥WØntem D≈ hnh-c-߃ e`n-°m-\p≈ AhIm-iw. AXm-bXv : (i) dn°m¿UpItfm, tcJItfm, {]h¿Ø\ßtfm ]cntim[n°mw. (ii)dn°m¿UpIfpsStbm, tcJIfpsStbm km£ys∏Sp Ønb icn∏I¿∏pItfm, Ahbn¬ \n∂p≈ Ipdnt∏m FSp°mw. (iii) hkvXp°fpsS kmºnfpIƒ km£ys∏SpØn FSp°mw. (iv) Iºyq´¿h¬°cn®tXm, CeIvt{SmWnIvkv cq]Ønep ≈tXm Bb hnhc߃ ^v t fm∏nbntem, tS∏p Ifntem, hoUntbm Imk‰ntem, a‰v CeIvt{SmWnIv cq]Øntem AXpas√¶n¬ AhbpsS A®Sn® ]I¿∏mtbm FSp°mw.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

6

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

6. s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbpsS _m[yXIƒ hnhcmhImi \nbaw 2005 se hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcw s]mXp ÿm]\ßfn¬ \n∂pw hnhcw Adnbm\p≈ AhImiw ]ucmh-en-bv°p≠v (hIp∏v 3). AXn\mbn s]mXp ÿm]\߃ NphsS∏dbpw hn[w Imcy߃ \n¿∆ln°m≥ _m[yÿamWv. [hIp∏v 4 (1) ].

(F) hnhcw Adnbm\p≈ AhImisØ t{]m’mln∏n°p∂ XcØn¬ F√m tcJIfpw bYmhn[n XcwXncn®v, \ºdn´v kq£n°Ww; Ah Iºyq´¿h¬°cn°mhp∂ XmsW¶n¬ DNnXamb kabØn\p≈nepw e`yamb hn`hØn\\pkrXambpw Iºyq´¿h¬°cn°pIbpw Ahsb cmPysam´msI e`yamIpw hn[w s\‰vh¿°v kwhn[m\Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØpIbpw thWw. (_n) hnhcmhImi \nbaw {]m_eyØn¬ h∂v 120 Znhk߃°Iw (AXmbXv , 2005 HIv t Sm_¿ 12) NphsS∏dbp∂ hnhc߃ {]kn≤oIcn°Ww. (i)

ÿm]\Øns‚ kwLS\m kwhn[m\w, {]hrØn Iƒ, ISaIƒ.

(ii)

Hm^ok¿amcpsSbpw Poh\°mcpsSbpw A[nImc ßfpw NpaXeIfpw.

(iii)

Xocpam\saSp°¬ {]{Inbbn¬ A\ph¿Øn® \S]SnIƒ (ta¬t\m´w, DØchmZnXzw XpSßnb Imcy߃ Dƒs∏sS).

(iv)

NpaXeIƒ \n¿∆ln°p∂Xn\v cq]w \evInb \S]Sn {Ia߃/am\Zfi߃.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

(v)

7

{]hrØnIƒ \n¿∆ln°p∂Xn\v Poh\°m¿ B[mcam° p ∂ N ´ ß ƒ , \ n _ ‘ - \ I ƒ , \n¿t±i߃, am\p-h-ep-Iƒ, tcJIƒ. (vi) XßfpsS ssIhiap≈tXm \nb{¥WØnep≈ tXm Bb hnhn[Xcw tcJIsf kw_‘n® {]kvXmh\. (vii) \bcq]oIcWw, \n¿∆lWw F∂nh kw_‘n®v ]uc∑m¿°v ]cmXntbm \n¿t±itam D]tZitam \evIm≥ klmbIamb hnhc߃. (viii) {]h¿Ø\ kwhn[m\Øns‚ `mKambn ct≠m AXne[nItam AwKßfp≈ t_m¿UpIƒ, Iu¨knepIƒ, IΩn‰nIƒ F∂nh cq]h¬°cn ®n´ps≠¶n¬ AXp kw_‘n® hnhc߃; CØcw kanXnIfpsS tbmK߃ s]mXpP\ ߃°v \nco£n°mhp∂XmtWm, tbmKØns‚ an\n‰vkv s]mXpP\߃°v e`yamtWm F∂n hnhc-߃. (ix) Hm^ok¿amcptSbpw Poh\°mcptSbpw hnhc߃ Dƒs∏SpØnb UbdIvSdn. (x) Hm^ok¿amcptSbpw Poh\°mcptSbpw {]Xnamk thX\hpw a‰v B\pIqeyßfpw kw_‘n® hnhc߃ (xi) Hmtcm hn`mK߃°pw hIbncpØnbncn°p∂ _ P ‰ p w Bkq{XWtcJbpw, Dt±in°p∂ sNehpIfpw bYm¿∞ sNehpIfpw kw_‘n® hnhc߃. (xii) k_vknUntbmSpIqSnb ]≤XnIfpw Ah \S∏nem°p∂ coXnIfpw (A\phZn® XpI, KpWt`m‡m°ƒ XpSßnb hnhc߃ Dƒs∏sS).

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

8

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

(xiii) k u P \ y ß t f m , s ] ¿ a n ‰ p I t f m , N p a X e s∏SpØtem e`n®hsc kw_‘n® hnhc߃. (xiv) XßfpsS ssIhiap≈tXm e`yambtXm Bb hnhcßfpsS CeIv t {SmWnIv cq]Ønem°nb hniZmwi߃. (xv) ]uc∑m¿°v hnhcw e`n°p∂Xn\mbn k÷o Icn® kuIcyßsf kw_‘n® hniZmwi߃ (sse{_dntbm, doUnwKvdqtam s]mXpP\Øn\mbn {]h¿Øn°p∂ps≠¶n¬ AXns‚ {]hrØnkabw XpSßnb hniZmw i߃). (xvi) ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amcpsS t]cpw HutZymKnI]Zhnbpw a‰v hnhcßfpw. (xvii) \n¿±njvSamb a‰v hnhc߃˛XpS¿∂v h¿jmh¿j ßfn¬ ]cnjv°cn®Xv. (kn) s]mXpP\sØ _m[n°p∂ Xocpam\߃ {]Jym]n°p tºmtgm \bcq]oIcWw \SØptºmtgm Ah kw_‘n® {]k‡amb F√m hkvXpXIfpw {]kn≤o Icn°Ww. (Un) `cW]chpw A¿≤\nbXhpamb Xocpam\ßfpsS ImcW߃ Ah _m[n°s∏Sp∂h¿°v \¬IWw.

7. hnhcw kzbtah Adnbn°]camh[n hnhc߃ s]mXpP\߃°v XpS¿®bmbn e`yam°m\p≈ \S]SnIƒ kzbtah kzoIcn°m≥ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ _m[yÿcmWv. AXn\mbn C‚¿s\‰v Dƒs∏ sSbp≈ hnhn[ am[ya߃ D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv [hIp∏v 4(2)]. \nbasØ IqSpX¬ B{ibn°msXXs∂ s]mXpP\ ߃°v hnhcw e`n°m\p≈ kwhn[m\ap≠mIWsa∂XmWv CXpsIm≠pt±in°p∂Xv.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

9 9

8. hnhc hym]\w ta¬ kqNn∏n® F√m hnhcßfpw Ffp∏w {]m]yamIp∂ XcØnepw coXnbnepw hn]peambn hym]\w sNøWw [hIp∏v 4(3)]. km[mcW°m¿°pt]mepw {]m]yamIp∂ coXnbnepw {]mtZinI `mjbnepw sNehp Npcpßnb cq]Ønepambncn °Ww hnhchym]\w \n¿hlnt°≠Xv [hIp∏v 4(4)]. sk≥{S¬ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿/tÉv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿am¿ CØcw hnhc߃ CeIvt{Sm WnIv cq]Ønem°n s]mXpP\ßfnseØn°Ww. kuP\y amtbm bYm¿∞ sNehp am{Xw CuSm°ntbm Ch e`yam°mhp∂XmWv. t\m´okv t_m¿Uv, ]{Xam[ya߃, Zriy˛{imhy am[ya߃, C‚¿s\‰v XpSßnbh CXn\mbn {]tbmP\s∏SpØmw.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

10 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

9. hnhcw e`yam°m≥ Hm^ok¿am¿ hnhcmhImi \nbaw, 2005 ]m m°n 100 Znhk߃°p≈nIgnbp∂{X Hm^ok¿amsc ˛ tI{µXeØn¬, sk≥{S¬ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amtcbpw kwÿm\ Xeßfn¬, tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amscbpw ˛ hnhcw \¬Ip∂Xntebv°mbn Hmtcm `c-W-bq-Wn-‰p-I-fn¬/Hm^o-kpI-fn¬ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ NpaXes∏SptØ≠XmWv [hIp∏v 5(1)]. \nba{]Imcw hnhcw \¬Ip∂Xn\p≈ At]£ s]mXpP\ ßfn¬ \n∂pw kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ°pambn AXXv D]bqWn‰v / D]˛Pn√mXeØn¬ tI{µ Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amscbpw kwÿm\ Akn  v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amscbpw Cu \nbaw ]m m°n 100 Znhk߃°Iw NpaXes∏SptØ≠XmWv. [hIp∏v 5(2)].

10. hnhcw \¬Im-\p≈ NpaXe B¿°v? hnhcw Bhiys∏´psIm≠p≈ At]£Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøpIbpw At]£I¿°v DNnXamb tkh\w e`yam°pIbpw sNtø≠Xv tI{µ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amcpsSbpw tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿ taj≥ Hm^ok¿amcpsSbpw NpaXe bmWv. [hIp∏v 5(3)]. ta¬ kqNn∏n® Hm^ok¿am¿°v AhcpsS NpaXe \n¿∆ln°p∂Xn\v Bhiyamb a‰v GXv Hm^ok¿ amcpsSbpw tkh\w {]tbmP\s∏SpØmhp∂XmWv. [hIp∏v 5(4)].

Cu \nb-a-Øns‚ Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿ klmbw Bh-iy-s∏´ GsXmcp DtZym-K-ÿ-s\bpw tI{µ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amcmbn ]cnKWn°mhp∂XmWv. [hIp∏v 5(5)].

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 11

t_mIvkv 1: hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw : ÿm]-\-kw-hn-[m\w (H-‰t- \m-´Ø - n¬) • s]mXp-A-[n-Imcn

[h-Ip∏v 2(F®v)]

• ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿ (PIO)

[h-Ip∏v 5(1)]

• Akn- v ]ªn-Iv-˛-C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿ (APIO) [h-Ip∏v 5(2)] • I¬∏nX ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿am¿ (DPIO) [h-Ip∏v 5(5)] • \nbp‡ A∏-e‰v Hm^o-k¿

[h-Ip∏v 19(1)]

• C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥

[h-Ip∏v 12(15)]

• a{¥m-e-b-ßfpw hIp-∏p-Ifpw

[h-Ip∏v 25(2)]

• \nbp‡ k¿°m¿

[h-Ip∏v 24(4)]

• {]m]vXn-bp≈ A[n-Imcn

[h-Ip∏v 2(C)]

11. hnhcw e`yamIm≥ hnh-cm-h-Imi \nba{]Imcw hnhcw Bhiys∏Sp∂ hy‡n Fs¥ms° hnhcßfmWv th≠sX∂v tcJmaqetam CeIvt{SmWnIv am[yaØneqsStbm (C˛sabn¬) At]£nt° ≠XmWv. Cw•o-jntem lnµn-bntem {]mtZ-inI `mj-bntem At]£ \¬Imw. \n›nX ^otkmSp IqSnb At]£ _‘s∏´ NphsS∏dbp∂ Hm^ok¿am¿°v ka¿∏n°Ww. [hIp∏v 6(1)].

(F) sk≥{S¬ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿/tÉv C≥^¿ taj≥ Hm^ok¿.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

12 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

(_n) sk≥{S¬ Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿/ tÉv Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ (At]£ Fgp-Xm≥ IgnbmØhsc AXv FgpXn Xøm-dm-°m≥ th≠p∂ klmbw _‘s∏´ Hm^ok¿am¿ \¬IWw).

hnhcw Bhiys∏Sp∂ At]£I¿ AXn\p≈ ImcWßtfm Bhiyßtfm t_m[ys∏SptØ≠Xn√msb∂XmWv Cu \nba Øns‚ Hcp {][m\ khntijX. At]£Isc _‘s∏ Sm\p≈ ta¬hnemkw am{Xw \¬Inbm¬ aXnbmIpw [hIp∏v 6(2)].

Bhiys∏Sp∂ hnhcw as‰mcp s]mXp A[n- I m- c n- b psS ssIhitam as‰mcp s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS {]h¿Ø\sØ kw_‘nt®m BsW¶n¬ {]kvXpX At]£ _‘s∏´ s]mXp A[n-Im-cn°v ImeXmakw IqSmsX (F-∂m¬ bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw 5 Znh-k-Øn¬ Ihn-bmsX) ssIamtd≠Xpw ssIamdnb hnhcw At]£Is\ Adnbnt°≠XpamW.v [hIp∏v 6(3)]. t_mIvkv 2: tNmZy-߃°v ]cn[n At]-£-Is‚ t]cpw hnem-khpw Dƒs∏-SmsX 500 hm°p-I-fn¬ tNmZy߃ Npcp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. (hn-h-cm-h-Imi N´w, 2012; XnøXn: Pqsse 31, 2012).

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 13

13

12. hnhcw e`n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ ^okv hnhcw e`yam°p∂Xn\v tIcf k¿°m¿ \n›bn®ncn°p∂ ^okv t_mIvkv -˛3 ¬ sImSpØncn°p∂p. t_mIvkv- 3: hnhcw e`yam°p∂Xn\p≈ ^okv (tIcfØn¬) C\߃ XpI (cq]) 1. At]£m ^okv 10 2. A[n-I-^okv˛hnhcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v : • Hcp km[mcW t]Pn\v 2 • henb t]PpIƒ bYm¿∞ sNehv • kmºnfpIƒ, tamUepIƒ bYm¿∞ sNehv • ^vtfm∏nbntem Unkv°ntem (HscÆØn\v) 50 3. A[n-I-^okv˛hnhcw ]cntim[n°p-∂-Xn\v: • BZysØ Hcp aWn°q¿ kuP\yw • XpS¿∂p≈ Hmtcm AcaWn°qdn\pw 10 Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv¡v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀ¡v hnhcw kuP-\y-ambn \ÂI-Ww. [hIp¸v 7(5)]. ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta- j ≥ Hm^o- k ¿ hnhcw \¬Im≥ sshIn- b mhnhcw kuP-\y-ambn \¬IWw. [hIp∏v 7(6)]. tIc-f- hn-hc - m-hI - mi (^o-kn-s‚bpw sNe-hn-s‚bpw {Iao-Ic - W - w) N´-߃, 2006.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

14 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

13. Zmcn{ZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈h¿°v kuP\yw {]n‚ v sNbv t Xm Cev I t{SmWnIv cq]Øntem \¬Ip∂ hnhc߃°v th≠n hcp∂ DNnXamb sNehpIƒ At]£Icn¬ \n∂pw CuSm°mw. F∂m¬ Zmcn{ZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈hcn¬ \n∂pw ^okv CuSm°m≥ ]mSns√∂v \nbaw \njvI¿jn°p∂p. [hIp∏v 7(5)]. (D]-N´w 4(4)˛tIcfm hnh-cmh-Imi (^okn-s‚bpw sNe-hn-s‚bpw {Iao-I-cWw).

Zmcn-{Zy-tc-J°v Xmsg F∂p sXfn-bn-°p∂ tcJ : 1. {Kma-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ tªm°v sUh-e-∏vsa‚ v Hm^o-k-dn\n∂p≈ km£y]{Xw lmP-cm-°-Ww. (G.O. 198/2007 LSGD) 2. ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n/tIm¿∏-td-j≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ ap\n-kn-∏¬/ tIm¿∏--tdj≥ sk{I-´d - n-am-cn¬ \n∂p≈ km£y-]{Xw lmP-cm-°W - w.

(G.O. 41/2008 / LSGD).

14. ImeXmakw h∂ms]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ hnhcw e`yam°p∂Xn\v \njvI¿jn-®n´p≈ kab]cn[n ]men°mXncp∂m¬ At]-£-I\v B hnhcw kuP-\y-ambn \¬I-Ww. [hIp∏v 7(6)].

15. At]£bnt∑¬ Xo¿∏v hnhcw Bhiys∏´psIm≠v sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿am¿°v ka¿∏n°p∂ At]£bnt∑30 ZnhkØn\Iw Xo¿∏v Iev]n°Ww. Cu Imebfhn\p≈n\n›nX ^okv CuSm°n hnhcw \¬IpItbm, AXs√¶nX°Xmb ImcWßfm¬ At]£ \nc- k n- ® - X mbn Adnbn°pItbm sNøWw [hIp∏v 7(1)].

At]£Is‚ PohnXsØtbm kzmX{¥ysØtbm _m[n°p∂ ASnb¥nc

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 15

hnhcßfmWv Bhiys∏Sp∂sX¶n¬ Ah 48 aWn˛ °qdn\p≈n¬ e`yamt°≠XmWv. (DZm : AdÃv t]mep≈ kµ¿`-ß-fn¬). t_mIvkv 4: At]-£m-^okv AS-bv°p-∂- coXn • tIm¿´v^o Ãmºv ]Xn-°mw; • “0070 a‰p `c-W-]-c-amb tkh-\-߃-˛60 a‰p tkh-\-߃˛800 a‰p tkh-\-߃˛42 a‰v C\-߃” F∂o A°u≠v io¿j-IØnk¿°m¿ {Sj-dn-bn¬ ]W-a-S-bv°mw; • kwÿm\ ]-ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k-dpsS/kw-ÿm\ Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k-dpsS Hm^okn¬ ckoXv ssI∏‰n sIm≠v ]W-a-S-bv°mw; • kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿°v/kwÿm\ Akn ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿°v Unam≥Uv {Um^v‰n-eqsS/ _mt¶gvkv sN°n-eqsS/t] Hm¿U-dn-eqsS \¬Imw. hnh-c-߃ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ ^okv • icn-bmb ckoXv ssI∏-‰n-s°m≠v ]W-amtbm; •

“0070 a‰p `c-W] - c - a - mb tkh-\ß - ƒ˛60 a‰p tkh-\ß - ƒ-˛800 a‰p tkh-\-߃˛42 a‰n-\-߃” F∂ A°u≠v io¿j-I-Øn¬ {Sjdnbn¬ XpI AS-bv°pItbm; • _‘-s∏´ kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿°v Unam≥Uv {Um^v‰mtbm _mt¶gvkv sN°n-eqsS/t] Hm¿U-dn-eqsS \¬Imw.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

16 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

\n›nX kabØn\p≈n¬ hnhcw \¬Ip∂Xv kw_‘n® Xocpam\w ssIs°m≈mXncp∂m¬ sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ A°mcyw \nckn®psh∂v A\pam\n°mw [hIp∏v 7(2)]. hnhcw \¬Im\p≈ sNehn\mbn IqSpX¬ ^okv [tIcfm hnh-cm-h-Imi (^okn-s‚bpw sNe-hn-s‚bpw {Iao-I-cWw) N´ßƒ 2006] Bhiysa¶n¬ sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿am¿ AXv kw_‘n® Adnbn∏v \¬tI≠XmWv. [hIp∏v 7(3)].

16. C{µnb sshIeyap≈hsc¶nAt]£I/≥ C{µnb sshIeyap≈hsc-¶n¬ B hy‡n°v hnhcw {]m]yam°m≥ th≠ klmb߃ sNbvXp sImSp°m≥ sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿am¿ _m[yÿcmWv. [hIp∏v 7(4)].

17. At]£ \nckn®msk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ hnhc Øn\p≈ At]£ \nckn®m¬ NphsS∏dbp∂ Imcy߃ At]£Isc Adnbn®ncn°Ww. [hIp∏v 7(8)]. (i) (ii)

At]£ \nckn°m\p≈ ImcW߃ A∏o¬ \¬tI≠ Imebfhv

(iii) A∏o¬ ka¿∏nt°≠ A[nImcnsb kw_‘n® hnhc߃

18. hnhcw \¬tI≠ hn[w Hcp hy‡n GXv cq]ØnemtWm hnhcw Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv, AtX cq]Øn¬Xs∂ Ah e`yamt°≠XmWv. F∂mXßfpsS ssIhiap≈ hnhcßfpsS kpc£nXXzØn\pw hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 17

kwc£WØn\pw lm\nIcamhpItbm cq]am‰Øn\v CSbm°pItbm sNøpsa¶n¬ At]£I/≥ Bhiys∏´ cq]Øn¬ Xs∂ ÿm]\w tcJIƒ e`yam°Wsa∂n√. [hIp∏v 7(9)].

19. _m[yXbn√mØ kmlNcy߃ Nne {]tXyI kmlNcyßfn¬ hnhcw e`yam°p∂ _m[yXbn¬ \n∂pw s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Isf Hgnhm°nbn´p≠v. [hIp∏v 8(1)].

1. `mcXØns‚ sFIysØbpw AJfiXsbbpw {]XnIqeambn _m[n°p∂ Imcy߃, cmPyØns‚ kpc£nXXzsØ _m[n°p∂ X{¥{][m\amb hnhc ߃, imkv { Xobhpw kmºØnIhpambn _‘s∏´ Imcyßfn¬ cmPy Xmev]cy߃°v lm\nIcambn amdmhp ∂tXm Ip‰Icamb {]hWXIƒ°v hgnsXfn°p∂tXm Bb hnhc߃.

2. {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw tImSXn/ss{S_yqWhne°nbn´p≈tXm, shfns∏SpØp∂Xpaqew tImSXn Ae£yamIp∂tXm Bb hnhc߃.

3. ]ckyam°p∂Xpaqew temIv k `bpsStbm \nbak` bpsStbm khntijm[nImcw (Privilege) ewL\amIp∂ hnhc߃.

4. hmWnPyclky߃, hym]mc clky߃, _u≤nI kzØv XpSßnbhsb kw_‘n® shfns∏Spج, aq∂masXmcp I£nbpsS am’cy\nehmcsØ tZmjIcambn _m[n°p∂ hnhc߃. (s]mXp Xmev]cyØn\pth≠nbmsW∂v sXfnbn°m\mbm¬ Ch \¬Im≥ s]mXpA[n-Imcn _m[yÿcmWv).

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

18 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

5. hnizkvXXsb ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ _‘Øn¬ Hcp hy‡nbn¬ \n£n]vXambncn°p∂ hnhc߃ (s]mXpXmev]cyØn\pth≠nbmsW∂v sXfnbn°m\mbmCh \¬Im≥ s]mXp A[n-Imcn _m[yÿcmWv). [hIp∏v 6(3)]

6. hntZi k¿°mcn¬ \n∂v e`n® clkyhnhc߃.

7. shfnhm°¬aqew HcmfpsS PohnX kpc£nXXzØnt\m icockpc£bvt°m lm\nIcamImhp∂ hnhc߃.

8. Ip‰°m¿s°Xnscbp≈ At\z- j - W - s Øtbm Ad- à ns\tbm t{]mkn-Iyq-j-s\tbm {]XnIqeambn _m[n°p∂ hnhc߃.

9. a{¥nk`mtbmKßfn¬ a{¥namcpw sk{I´dnamcpw Hm^ok¿ amcpw \SØp∂ A`n{]mb{]IS\ßfpsS hniZhnhcw. (ta¬ tbmKßfnse hnjbßfn¬ A¥na Xocpam\w ssI s°m≠pIgn™m¬ Ah s]mXpP\Øn\v \¬tI≠XmWv).

10. Hcp hy‡nbpsS kzImcyXsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°p∂Xpw s]mXpXmev]cyhpambn Hcp XcØnepw _‘an√mØXpamb hnhc߃.

hnhcmh-Imiw; Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-iamWv.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 19

20. HutZymKnI clky \nbaw, 1923 HutZymKnI clky \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏-´-Xm-bmepw hnh-cm-hIm-i-\n-b-a-Øn¬ Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´-Xm-bmepw hnhcw shfns∏ SpØp∂Xv clkys∏SpØp∂Xnt\°mƒ s]mXp Xmev]cy Øn\v {]tbmP\{]Zsa¶n¬, shfns∏SpØen\mWv ap≥KW\ \¬tI≠Xv. [hIp∏v 8(2)].

21. Ime∏g°aps≠¶n¬t∏mepw Ime∏g°w hnhcw e`yam°mXncn°p∂Xn\v ImcWamIp∂n√.

Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´hbn¬ 8(1) (a), (c), (i) F∂nh Hgn-sI-bp≈ -GsXmcp hnh-c-hpw 20 h¿j-Øn\v tijw e`y-am-°m≥ s]mXpA[n-Im-cn-Iƒ _m[y-ÿcm-Wv. [hIp∏v 8(3)].

22. ]I¿∏hImisØ _m[n°psa¶nk¿°m¿ HgnsIbp≈ ÿm]\߃/hy‡nIfpsS ]I¿∏h ImisØ l\n°p∂ XcØnep≈ hnhcßfmsW¶n¬ Ah \nckn°m≥ sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿am¿°v A[nImcap≠v. [hIp∏v 9].

23. `mKnIamb shfns∏SpØshfns∏SpØen¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°nbn´p≈ hnhc߃ \¬tI ≠Xns√¶nepw GsX¶nepw tcJbpsS Nne `mK߃ s°¶nepw Hgnhm°¬ _m[Ias√¶n¬ Ah \¬Im≥ s]mXp ÿm]-\߃ _m[yÿcmWv [hIp∏v 10(1)]. Hcp tcJbpsS `mKnI hnhcßfmWv shfns∏SpØp∂sX¶n¬, A°mcyw At]£n® hy‡nsb Adnbn®ncn°Ww.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

20 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

24. aq∂mw I£nbn¬ \n∂p≈ hnhc߃ aq∂mw I£nbn¬ \n∂p≈ hnhc߃ shfns∏SptØ≠ Ahkcßfn¬ aq∂mw I£n AXns\ clkyhnhcambn ]cnKWn°pIbmsW¶n¬ sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ At]£ In´n 5 ZnhkØn\Iw aq∂mw I£nsb tcJmaqew Adnbn°pIbpw hnhcw shfns∏SpØp∂Xn\v kΩXw hmßnbncn°pIbpw thWw. [hIp∏v 11(1)]. (hym]mc/hmWnPy clky߃ HgnsIbp≈ hnhc߃ s]mXpXmev]cy Øn\v hnt[bambn shfns∏SpØmhp∂XmWv).

adp]Sn \evIp∂Xn\v aq∂mw I£n°v sk≥{S¬/tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ t\m´okv ssI∏‰nbXp apX¬ 10 ZnhksØ kabw \¬tI≠XmWv. At]£ e`n®v 40 Znhk߃°Iw (aq∂mw I£n°v tIƒ°m\p≈ Ahkcw \¬InbXn\ptijw) hnhcw shfns∏SpØp∂Xv kw_‘n® A¥na Xocpam\w ssIs°m≈Ww.

R߃°v NneXv tNmZn-°m-\p≠v; Ahbv°p≈ DØcw \¬Iq.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 21

25. sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ \nbaØn¬ ]dbp∂ {]hrØnIƒ \n¿∆ln°p∂Xn\pw A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°p∂Xn\pw th≠n Kk‰v hn⁄m]\ ØneqsS Hcp sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ tI{µ k¿°m¿ cq]oIcn°Wsa∂v \nbaw \njvI¿jn°p∂p [hIp∏v 12(1)].

25.1. LS\ sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\n¬ Hcp No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpw 10 ¬ IhnbmØ sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿ amcpw D≠mIWw [hIp∏v 12(2)].

• {][m\a{¥n A≤y£\mbp≈ aq∂wK kanXnbpsS ip]m¿i {]Imcw C¥y≥ cmjv{S]Xn BWv IΩojW¿amsc \nbant°≠Xv. {]Xn]£t\Xmhpw ({]Xn]£t\Xmhns\ sXcs™SpØn´ns√¶n{]Xn]£I£nIfn¬ IqSpX¬ AwK_eap≈hcpsS t\Xmhns\ {]Xn]£t\Xmhmbn ]cnKWn°mw) {][m\a{¥n \ma\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ Hcp Im_n\‰v a{¥nbpamWv kanXnbnse a‰v c≠v AwK߃. [hIp∏v 12(3)].

• sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojs‚ s]mXpta¬t\m´hpw \nb{¥Whpw No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdn\n£n]vXamWv. [hIp∏v 12(4)].

• s]mXpPohnXØn¬ hy‡nap{Z ]Xn∏n®hcpw, \nbaØntem imkv{X˛ kmt¶XnI cwKtØm kmaqly {]h¿Ø\Øntem amt\Pvsa‚ntem tP¿WenkØntem am v IΩyqWnt°j\ntem `cWØntem {]mhoWyhpw Adnhpw t\Snbn´p≈hcpambncn°Ww No^v C≥^¿ taj≥ IΩojWdpw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amcpw. [hIp∏v 12(5)]. hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

22 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw • Fw.]n.am¿, Fw.F¬.F.am¿, cmjv { Sob ÿm\w hln°p∂h¿, B¿÷nX ]ZhnIƒ hln°p∂h¿ F∂nhsc ta¬ kqNn∏n® ÿm\ßfnte°v \nban°m≥ ]mSn√. [hIp∏v 12(6)].

• tI{µ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ Bÿm\w U¬lnbnBbncn°Ww. tI{µ k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\phmZ tØmsS a‰nSßfnepw Hm^okpIƒ ÿm]n°mw. [hIp∏v 12(7)].

25.2. Imemh[nbpw tkh\ hyhÿIfpw • No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpsS Imemh[n 5 h¿jamWv . Htc hy‡n H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ XhW {]kvXpX ]Zhn hln°m≥ ]mSn√. [hIp∏v 13(1)].

• C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amcpsS Imemh[n 5 h¿jtam 65 hb v XnIbp∂ h¿jtam GXmtWm BZyw, AXphscbmbncn°pw [hIp∏v 13(2)].

(C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWsd, {]kvXpX ]Zhn Hgn™tijw, Bhiysa¶n¬ No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdmbn \nban°mw.

F¶nepw c≠v ]ZhnIfpsSbpw IqSnbp≈ BsI Imemh[n 5 h¿jambn \nPs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p).

• No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj W¿amcpw C¥y≥ cmjv{S]Xn apºmsItbm At±lw NpaXes∏SpØp∂bmƒ apºmsItbm ]Zhn Gev°p∂Xn\papºv kXy{]Xn⁄ sNtø≠XmWv. [hIp∏v 13(3)].

• No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿/C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj W¿am¿ cmPnhbv°pIbmsW¶n¬ A°mcyw kz¥w ssI∏Sbn¬ FgpXn C¥y≥ cmjv{S]Xn°v ka¿∏nt° ≠XmWv. [hIp∏v 13(4)]. hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 23

• No^v CeIv j ≥ IΩojWdpsS tkh\˛thX\ hyhÿIƒ No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿°pw, CeIvj≥ IΩojWdpsS tkh\˛thX\ hyhÿIƒ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿°pw _m[IamWv. [hIp∏v 13(5)].

• No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿°pw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿am¿°pw Imcy£aambn {]h¿Øn°m≥ Bhiyamb Hm^ok¿amscbpw Poh\°mscbpw \¬IpIbpw AhcpsS tkh\˛thX\ hyhÿIƒ Xocpam\n°pIbpw thWw. [hIp∏v 13(6)].

• No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWsdbpw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amscbpw C¥y≥ cmjv{S]XnbpsS DØchneqsS am{Xta AhcpsS ]ZhnIfn¬ \n∂pw \o°w sNøm≥ ]mSp≈p. {]kv X pX hy‡nIfns]cpam‰Zqjyw sXfnbpItbm kp{]ow tImSXnbnd^d≥kn\v Ab®Xn≥{]Imcw (d^d≥kn\v Abbvt°≠Xv C¥y≥ cmjv{S]XnbmWv) AtbmKyX I¬∏n°pItbm sNbvXn´ps≠¶n¬ am{Xta cmjv{S]Xn Aßs\sbmcp DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ ]mSp≈p. [hIp∏v 14(1)].

CXpIqSmsX NphsS∏dbp∂ kmlNcyßfnepw C¥y≥ cmjv { S]Xn°v IΩojW¿amsc \o°w sNøp∂ DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°mw. [hIp∏v 14(3)]. i. ]m∏cmbn {]Jym]n°s∏´mii. s]cpam‰ZqjyØn\v Ip‰°mcs\∂v sXfn™miii. ]Zhn hln°p∂ AhkcØn¬Xs∂ B¿÷nX tPmenbnhym]rXcmbm¬

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

24 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw iv. imcocnI/am\knI BtcmKyan√mbva aqew ]ZhnbnXpScm\¿lcs√∂v cmjv{S]Xn°v t_m≤yambmv. ]Zhnsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°mhp∂ XcØnkmºØnItam a‰v XcØntem D≈ hy‡n]camb Xmev]cy߃ ]pe¿Øp∂bmfmsW∂v t_m[yambm•

BZmbIchpw B¿÷nX]chpw Bb GsX¶nepw IcmdpIfntem {]hrØnIfntem {]kvXpX IΩojW¿am¿ G¿s∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ AXv s]cpam‰ Zqjyambn ]cnKWn°p∂XmWv. [hIp∏v 14(4)].

t_mIvkv 5: sk≥{S¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ (ta¬hn-emkw) sk≥{S¬ C≥-^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-jW¿ HmKÃv {Im¥n `h≥ `nImPn Ima ]mekv \yqU¬ln ˛ 110 066 sh_vssk‰v : www.rti@gov.in t^m¨ : 011-26161137

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 25

26. tÉv C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ hnhcmhImi \nba{]Imcap≈ {]hrØnIƒ \n¿∆ln °p∂Xn\v Hmtcm kwÿm\hpw Kk‰v hn⁄m]\ØneqsS kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ cq]oIcn°Ww [hIp∏v 15(1)].

26.1. LS\ • Hcp kwÿm\ No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpw ]Øn¬ IhnbmØ kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amcpw Dƒs°m≈p∂XmWv kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥. [hIp∏v 15(2)].

• AXXv kwÿm\ apJya{¥n A≤y£\mbp≈ aq∂wK kanXnbpsS ip]m¿i{]Imcw kwÿm\ Kh¿WdmWv kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojs\ \nbant°≠Xv. \nba k`m {]Xn]£t\Xmhpw apJya{¥n \ma\n¿ t±iw sNøp∂ Im_n\‰v a{¥nbpamWv kanXnbnse a‰v c≠v AwK߃. [hIp∏v 15(3)].

• kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojs‚ s]mXptat\m´hpw \nb{¥Whpw kwÿm\ No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdn¬ \n£n]vXamWv. [hIp∏v 15(4)].

• s]mXpPohnXØn¬ hy‡nap{Z ]Xn∏n®hcpw, \nbaØntem imkv{X˛kmt¶XnI cwKtØm kmaqly {]h¿Ø\Øntem amt\Pv s a‚ ntem tP¿Wenk Øntem am v IΩyqWnt°j\ntem `cWØntem {]mhoWyhpw Adnhpw t\Snbn´p≈ hcpw Bbncn°Ww No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amcpw. [hIp∏v 15 (5)].

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

26 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw • Fw.]n.am¿, Fw.F¬.F.am¿, cmjv{Sob ÿm\w hln°p∂h¿, B¿÷nX ]ZhnIƒ hln°p∂h¿ F∂nhsc ta¬ kqNn∏n® ÿm\ßfnte°v \nban°m≥ ]mSn√. [hIp∏v 15 (6)].

26.2. Imemh[nbpw tkh\ hyhÿIfpw •

•

No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpsS Imemh[n 5 h¿jamWv . Htc hy‡n H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ XhW {]kvXpX ]Zhn hln°m≥ ]mSn√ [hIp∏v 16 (1)].

C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amcpsS Imemh[n 5 h¿jtam 65 hb v XnIbp∂ h¿jtam GXmtWm BZyw, AXphscbmbncn°pw. [hIp∏v 16 (2)].

(C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWsd, {]kv X pX ]Zhn Hgn™tijw, Bhiysa¶n¬ No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdmbn \nban°mw, F¶nepw c≠v ]ZhnIfpsSbpw IqSnbp≈ BsI Imemh[n A©v h¿jambn \nPs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p).

•

•

•

No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWdpw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amcpw kwÿm\ Kh¿W¿ apºm-sItbm At±lw NpaXes∏SpØp∂bmƒ apºmsItbm ]Zhn Gev°p∂Xn\papºv kXy{]Xn⁄ sNtø≠ XmWv. [hIp∏v 16(3)].

No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿/C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿am¿ cmPnhbv°pIbmsW¶n¬ A°mcyw kz¥w ssI∏Sbn¬ FgpXn kwÿm\ Kh¿W¿°v ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv. [hIp∏v 16(4)].

No^v CeIv j ≥ IΩojWdpsS tkh\˛thX\ hyhÿIƒ No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿°pw CeIvj≥ IΩojWdpsS tkh\˛thX\ hyhÿIƒ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿°pw _m[IamWv. [hIp∏v 16(5)]. hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 27

•

•

No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿°pw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿am¿°pw Imcy£aambn {]h¿Øn°m≥ Bhiyamb Hm^ok¿amscbpw Poh\°mscbpw \¬IpIbpw AhcpsS tkh\˛thX\ hyhÿIƒ Xocpam\n°pIbpw thWw. [hIp∏v 16(6)].

No^v C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojWsdbpw C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojW¿amscbpw kwÿm\ Kh¿WdpsS DØchn eqsS am{Xta AhcpsS ]ZhnIfn¬ \n∂pw \o°w sNøm≥ ]mSp≈p. {]kvXpX hy‡nIfn¬ s]cpam‰ Zqjyw sXfnbpItbm kp{]owtImSXnbn¬ d^d≥kn\v Ab®Xn≥{]Imcw (d^d≥kn\v Abbv t °≠Xv kwÿm\ Kh¿WdmWv) AtbmKyX I¬∏n°pItbm sNbv X n´ps≠¶n¬ am{Xta Kh¿W¿ Aßs\ sbmcp DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ ]mSp≈q. [hIp∏v 17(1)].

CXpIqSmsX NphsS∏dbp∂ kmlNcyßfnepw Kh¿W¿°v IΩojW¿amsc \o°w sNøp∂ DØchv ]pds∏Sphn°mw. [hIp∏v 17(3)]. i. ]m∏cmbn {]Jym]n°s∏´mii. s]cpam‰ZqjyØn\v Ip‰°mcs\∂v sXfn™m¬, iii. ]Zhn hln°p∂ AhkcØn¬Xs∂ B¿÷nX tPmenbnhym]rXcmbmiv. imcocnI/am\knI BtcmKyan√mbva aqew ]ZhnbnXpScm\¿lcs√∂v Kh¿W¿°v t_m≤yambmv. ]Zhnsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°mhp∂ XcØn¬ kmºØnItam a‰v XcØntem D≈ hy‡n]camb Xmev]cy߃ ]pe¿Øp∂ bmfmsW∂v t_m[yambm¬.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

28 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw • BZmbIchpw B¿÷nX]chpw Bb GsX¶nepw IcmdpIfntem {]hrØnIfntem {]kvXpX IΩojW¿am¿ G¿s∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ AXv s]cpam‰Zqjyambn ]cnKWn°p∂XmWv. [hIp∏v 17(4)]. kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ Bÿm\w k¿°m¿ Kk‰v hn⁄m-]-\-Øn-eqsS {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ÿe-Øm-bn-cn-°-Ww. kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\phmZtØmsS a‰nSßfnepw Hm^okpIƒ ÿm]n°mw. [hIp∏v 15(7)].

t_mIvkv 6: tIcf C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ (ta¬hn-emkw) kwÿm\ No^v C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j-W¿ tIcf C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ ‰n.-kn. 26/298, ]pØ≥tdmUv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695001 t^m¨ : 0471-2335199, 2320920 ^mIvkv : 0471-2330920 Csa-bn¬ : sic@kerala.nic.in sh_vssk‰v : http://keralasic.gov.in

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 29

27. C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\pIƒ : A[nImcßfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\pIfn¬ hn]peamb A[nImcßfpw {]h¿Ø\ßfpw \n£n]vXamWv. NphsS∏dbp∂ kmlNcyßfn¬ ]cmXn kzoIcn®v At\zjWw \SØm≥ tI{µ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\pw kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\pw ISabp≠v. [hIp∏v 18(1)].

1. tI{µ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^oksdtbm kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^oksdtbm \nban°mØXp aqetam, hnhcw Bhiys∏´psIm≠p≈ At]£ tI{µ Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^oktdm kwÿm\ Akn v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^oktdm \nckn °pIaqetam taeptZymKÿ¿°v A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°m \p≈ kmlNcyw \ne \n¬°pIbmsW¶n¬, 2. Cu \nba{]Imcw Bhiys∏´ hnhcw \nckn°s∏´m¬, 3. hnhcw Bhiys∏Sp∂ At]£bnt∑¬ \n›nX kab]cn[n°p≈n¬ {]XnIcn°mXncp∂m¬, 4. A\ptbmPya√mØ coXnbn¬ ^okv Bhiys∏´m¬, 5. A]q¿Ætam, sX‰n≤cn∏n°p∂tXm, sX‰mbtXm Bb hnhc߃ \evInbm6. Cu \nba{]Imcw Bhiyambnhcp∂ a‰p hnhc߃ tiJcnt°≠nh∂m¬. tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\v DNnXamb ImcWßfm¬ At\zjWw Bhiysa∂v t_m[ys∏´mAt\zjW \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw. [hIp∏v 18(2)].

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

30 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw •

sk≥{S¬/tÉv C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojs‚ At\zjW AhkcØn¬ knhn¬ tImSXnbn¬ 1908 se knhns{]mkoPypb¿ tImUv (CPC) {]Imcap≈ F√m A[nImcßfpw \n£n]vXamWv. [hIp∏v 18(3)].

AXmbXv, i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.

•

sXfnshSp∏n\v ka≥kv Abbv°m≥, tcJIfpsS ]cntim[\, Is≠Sp°¬, kXyhmMvaqew kw_‘n® sXfnshSp∏v, tImSXnIfn¬ \n∂pw Hm^okpIfn¬ \n∂pw s]mXp tcJItfm AhbpsS ]I¿t∏m FSp∏n°¬, km£nsamgn FSp°p∂Xn\pw tcJIƒ ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\pw ka≥kv Abbv°¬, DNnXamb a‰v Imcy߃.

]cmXnbnt∑ep≈ At\zjW kabØv tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\v s]mXpÿm]\Øns‚ ssIhiap≈/\nb{¥WØnep≈ tcJIƒ ]cntim[n °m≥ A[nImcap≠v. [hIp∏v 18(4)].

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 31

27.1. A∏o¬ A[n-Imcn \n›nX Imemh[n°p≈n¬ At]£bnt∑¬ tI{µ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿am¿ Xocpam\saSpØv Adnbn°mØXpaqew _p≤nap´p≠mIp∂ ]£w 30 ZnhkØn\Iw At]£I¿°v Db¿∂XeØn¬ A∏oka¿∏n°mhp∂XmWv. (X°Xmb ImcWaps≠¶n¬ \n›nX kab]cn[n Ign™p≈ A∏o¬ kzoIcn°pw) [hIp∏v 19(1)].

• aq∂mw I£n \¬tI≠ hnhcsØ kw_‘n® tI{µ/ kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^okdpsS Hm¿Udnt∑ep≈ A∏o¬ BsW¶n¬ {]kv X pX aq∂mw I£n 30 Znhk߃°Iw A∏o¬ ka¿∏n°Ww. [hIp∏v 19(2)].

• aq∂mw I£nbn¬ \n∂p≈ hnhcsØ kw_‘n® tI{µ/ kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^okdpsS Xocpam\ Øns\XnscbmWv A∏o¬ F¶n¬ aq∂mw I£n°v tIƒ°m\p≈ DNnXamb kabw A\phZnt°≠XmWv. [hIp∏v 19(4)].

• A∏o¬ \S]SnIfn¬ tI{µ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿amcn¬ BcmtWm A∏o\nckn®Xv Ah¿ Xs∂ AXn\p≈ ImcWw t_m[n∏n °m≥ _m[yÿcmWv. [hIp∏v 19(5)].

• A∏oen¬ 30 ZnhkØn\Iw Xo¿∏v Iev ] n°Ww. GsX¶nepw ImcWhim¬ A∏o¬ Zo¿Ln∏nt°≠n h∂mepw 45 Znhk߃ Ignbpwapºv Xo¿∏v I¬∏n®ncn°Ww [hIp∏v 19(6)].

• tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩojs‚ Xocpam\w A¥naamWv. [hIp∏v 19(7)]. hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

32 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 27.2. tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ • •

ta¬ kqNn∏n® ImcyØn¬ c≠mw A∏o¬ 90 Znhk߃°Iw \¬IWw [hIp∏v 19(3)]. tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ Xocpam\ saSp°p∂ thfbn¬ [hIp∏v 19(8)] :

(F) s]mXpÿm]\sØs°m≠v NphsS∏dbp∂h sNøn°mw. i) At]£ ka¿∏n® hy‡n°v hnhcw \¬IpI (Bhiy sa¶n¬ {IaoIcn® coXnbn¬). ii)

tI{µ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^oksd \nban°pI.

iii) hnhc߃ {]kn≤oIcn°pI. iv) t c J I f p s S k q £ n ∏ p w \ n h m c W h p w k w _ ‘ n ® k{ºZmbßfn¬ Bhiyamb am‰ßƒ hcpØpI. v)

hnhcmhImisØ kw_‘n®v Hm^ok¿am¿°v ]cnioe\Øn\p≈ kwhn[m\w h¿≤n∏n°pI.

vi) Ch kw_‘n® hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°pI. (_n)\jvS]cnlmcw \¬Im≥ s]mXp A[n-Im-cntbmSv Bhiys∏Smw. (kn) Cu \nba{]Imcw ]ng CuSm°mw.

(Un) At]£ \nckn°mw

• tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ AhcpsS Xocqam\hpw A∏oen\v km[yXbpt≠msb∂ hnhchpw At]£ \¬Inb hy‡nsbbpw s]mXp A[n-Im-cnsbbpw Adnbn°Ww. [hIp∏v 19(9)].

• tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ A∏oFßs\sb∂v Xocpam\n°pw {]Imcw \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw. [hIp∏v 19(10)].

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 33

• •

tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j≥ apºmsI A∏o¬ Xo¿∏n¬ {]tXyI Imem-h[n C√. ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿°v A∏o¬ \¬Im≥ AhIm-i-an√. t_mIvkv 7: hnh-cm-h-Imiw ˛ ka-b-]-cn[n (H-‰-t\m-´-Øn¬)

1. Bh-iy-s∏´ hnhcw \¬tI-≠Xv * hy‡n-bpsS Poh-s\tbm kzmX-{¥y-sØtbm _m[n-°p∂ hnh-c-߃ 2. aq∂mw I£nsb kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃: ˛ aq∂mw I£nsb Adnbn-t°-≠Xv ˛ aq∂mwI£n ]n.-sF.-H.sb Adn-bn-t°-≠Xv ˛ ]n.-sF.-H. hnhcw At]-£-I\v \¬tI-≠Xv 3. \nb-a-Øn¬ \memw ]´n-I-bnse ÿm]-\ ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-c-߃: ˛ a\p-jym-hImi ewL\w Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃ ˛ Agn-a-Xn-bm-tcm-]Ww kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃ 4. A∏o¬ : ˛ H∂mw A∏o¬ (A-∏-e‰v AtXm-dn-‰n-) ˛ c≠mw A∏o¬ (hn-h-cm-h-Imi IΩo-j≥) 5. A∏o-en-t∑¬ Xocp-am\w : - ˛ H∂mw A∏o¬.

- • km[m-c-W-bmbn • aXn-bmb Imc-W-߃ Ds≠-¶n˛ c≠mw A∏o¬

30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 48 aWn-°q-dn-\Iw 5 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 10 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 40 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw

45 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 90 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw

30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw 45 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw ka-b-]-cnXn \n›-bn-®n-´n-√.

* (1) Akn-Â v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿ hgn-bmWv At]£ kzo-I-cn®sX-¶n¬ ka-b-]-cn-[n-bn¬ 5 Znhkw Iq´m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (2) A[n-I-^okv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ kwK-Xn-bn¬ CXv kw_-‘n®v At]-£-I\v IØv Ab-°p∂ XnøXn apX¬ ^okv HSp-°nb ckoXv lmP-cm-°p∂ XnøXn hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-fhv Hgn-®m-bn-cn°pw kab]cn[n IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

34 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

28. in£m-\S- ] - S- n-Iƒ (1) ]ng-in£ tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿ X°Xmb ImcWw IqSmsX At]£ \nckn°pItbm, hnhcw \n›nX Ime]cn[n°p≈n¬ \¬ImXncn°pItbm, hymPImcW ßfm¬ \nckn°pItbm, Adn™psIm≠v sX‰mb hnhcw \¬IpItbm, \¬tI≠ hnhcw \in∏n°pItbm, hnhcw \¬Ip∂Xns\ XS s∏SpØpItbm sNbvXXmbn, tI{µ/ kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj\v ]cmXn e`n°pItbm A∏o¬ AwKoIcn°pItbm sNbvXm¬ NphsS∏dbpwhn[w ]ng Dƒs∏sSbp≈ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mw. [hIp∏v. 20(1)].

• {]XnZn\w 250 cq] \nc°n¬ ]cmXn e`n® XobXn hsc, As√¶nhnhcw \¬InbXv hsc (F∂m¬ ]ng 25000 cq]bn¬ Ihnbm≥ ]mSn√).

• ]ng CuSm°p∂Xn\v apºmbn s]mXp A[nImcnbv ° v t_m[n ∏n°m\p≈Xv tIƒ°m\p≈ Ahkcw D≠m°Ww. • ]cmXn kw_‘n® ImcyØn¬ FSpØ \S]Sn DNnXhpw \ymbhpamsW∂v sXfnbn°m\p≈ NpaXe tI{µ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿°mWv. (2) A®-S-°-\-S-]Sn apIfn¬∏d™ ImcWßfm¬ tI{µ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿°v FXnsc A®S° \S]Sn kzoIcn°m≥ ip]m¿i sNømw.

(3) \jvS-]-cn-lmcw At]-£-I-\p-≠mb \jvS-Øn\v \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\v DØc-hn-Smw.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 35

29. ]cnc£ DØahnizmkØnepw t_m[yØnepw \nba{]Imcw Imcy߃ \n¿hln®n´p≈ hy‡nIƒs°Xnscbp≈ A\ymbw, t{]mkn Iyqj≥, a‰v \nba \]SnIƒ F∂nhbv°v km[pXbp≠mIn√. [hIp∏v. 21)].

30. ap≥K-W-\m- kz-`mhw 1923 se HutZymKnI clky \nbaØnsetbm a‰v \ne-hnep≈ \nba-Øn-setbm GsX-¶nepw hyhÿ hnh-cm-h-Im-i \n-ba - Ø - n-\p-hn-cp-≤a - m-bm¬ hn-hc - m-hI - m-i- \n-ba - Ø - n-\m-bn-cn°pw ap≥K-W-\. [hIp∏v. 22].

31. \S]Sn{Iaw Cu \nbaw A\pkcn®p≈ A∏o¬ {]Imca√msXbp≈ as‰mcp \nba \S]SnIfpw Hcp tImSXnbpw kzoI-cn-°mt\m tNmZyw sNømt\m ]mSn√ [hIp∏v. 23].

32. Hgnhm°nbn´p≈ ÿm]\߃ cmPykpc£, kpc£m]camb clky߃ XpSßnb Imcy߃ \n¿∆ln°p∂ ÿm]\ßsf Cu \nbaØns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°nbn´p≠v [hIp∏.v 24(1)]. (t_mIvkv 8)

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

36 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

t_mIvkv -8: hnh-cm-h-Imi \nb-a-Ønse ]´nI II {]Imcw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p≈ ÿm]-\-߃ tI{µ-k¿°m¿ ÿm]n® cl-kym-t\z-j-W-˛-kp-c-£m-kw-L-S\ 1. C‚-en-P≥kv _yqtdm 2. Iym_n-\‰v sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰ns‚ dnk¿®v B‚ v A\m-en-knkv hnMv 3. Ub-d-IvS-td‰v Hm^v dh\yq C‚-en-P≥kv.

4. tI{µ C°-tWm-anIv C‚-en-P≥kv _yqtdm 5. Ub-d-IvS-td‰v Hm^v F≥t^m-gvkvsa‚ v 6. \m¿t°m-´nIvkv I¨t{Smƒ _yqtdm 7. Ghn-tb-j≥ dntkm¿®v sk‚¿ 8. kvs]j¬ t{^m‚n-b¿ t^mgvkv 9. t_m¿U¿ skIyq-cn‰n t^mgvkv 10. tI{µ dnk¿hv t]meokv t^mgvkv 11. C≥tUm-˛-Sn-_-‰≥ t_m¿U¿ t^mgvkv 12. tI{µ C≥U-kv{Sn-b¬ skIyq-cn‰n t^mgvkv 13. \mj-W¬ skIyq-cn‰n Km¿Uvkv 14. A w ssd^nƒkv 15. imkv{X koa _16. kvs]j¬ {_m©v (kn.-sF.-Un), B≥U-am≥ B‚ v\nt°m-_m¿ 17. ss{Iw{_m©v ˛ kn.-sF.-Un.-˛-kn.-_n. Zm{Z B‚ v \mK¿ lthen 18. kvs]j¬ {_m©v, e£-Zo]v t]meokv 19. kvs]j¬ s{]m´-£≥ {Kq∏v 20. Uns^≥kv dnk¿®v B‚ v sUh-e-∏vsa‚ v Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j≥ 21. t_m¿U¿ tdmUv sUh-e-]vsa‚ v t_m¿Uv 22. ^n\m≥jy¬ C‚-en-P≥kv bqWn‰v C¥y

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 37

33. dnt∏m¿´v tI{µ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿taj≥ IΩoj≥ Ignbp∂Xpw {]mtbmKnI coXnbnep≈ Hcp dnt∏m¿´v h¿jmhkm\w Xømdm°n k¿°mcn\v ka¿∏n°Ww. \nbaØn{]Xn]mZn°p∂ Imcyßfn¬ Fs¥ms° \S∏nem°nsb∂ Xmbncn°Ww dnt∏m¿´ns‚ D≈S°w. [hIp∏v 25(1)].

s]mXp-[\w Rß-fp-tS-XmWv; AXns‚ A°u≠v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

38 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

A\p-_‘w 1: hnh-cw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ At]£ (am-Xr-I) kzoI¿Ømhv : ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿ (PIO) ................................................................... (s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS t]cv) ....................................................(s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ta¬hn-em-kw) 1. At]-£-Is‚ apgp-h≥ t]cv

:

2. At]-£-Is‚ ta¬hn-emkw

:

3. Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ hnh-c-ß-fpsS hniZmwi߃

:

4. GXv Ime-b-f-hnse hnh-cß - f - mWv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

:

5. GXv cq]-Øn-emWv hnh-c-߃ th≠Xv (]I¿∏v, ]cn-tim-[-\, kmºnƒ..............)

:

6. ^okv kw_-‘-amb Imcy-߃

: ..............................(coXn/\º¿) ...............................(XnøXn)

7. Zmcn{Z tcJbv°v Xmsg-bmtWm (AsXsb¶n¬ sXfn-hv) .........................................-Xo-øXn

: AsX / A√.

........................................-(H-∏v)

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 39

A\p-_‘w 2: A∏o¬

(amXrI) (tI-cf kwÿm\ hnh-cm-h-Imi IΩo-j≥ (A-∏o¬ \S-]-Sn{I-aw) N´-߃, 2005, N´w 3 ImWp-I)

t{]£n-X≥ : A∏o¬ l¿Pn- ° m--c s‚ t]cpw ta¬hn- e m- k - h pw kzoI¿Ømhv : kwÿm\ apJy-hn-h-cm-hImi IΩo-j-W¿ tIcf kwÿm\ hnh-cm-h-Imi IΩo-j≥ ....................................................................

1. Akn-Â v ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥Hm^o-k¿t°m, kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta- j ≥ Hm^o- k ¿t°m At]£ ka¿-∏n® XnøXn

:

2. A∏o¬ A[n-Imcn°v (BZyA∏o¬) A∏o¬ k-a¿∏n® XobXn

:

3. hnh-c-߃ Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xns‚ hni-Zmwi-߃ (hn-hc - Ø - ns‚ kz`m-hw, hn`m-K w, _‘- s ∏´ hnh- c - Ø ns‚ h¿jw F∂nh hy‡-am-°pI)

:

4. hnh-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hm^o-kn-s‚ : tbm hIp-∏n-s‚tbm t]cv.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

40 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

5. At]-£-bn-t∑¬ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ : Hm^o-k¿ Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-®-Xns‚ hni-Zmw-iß - ƒ 6. GsXmcp Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°-ens\-Xn-sc : bmtWm A∏o¬ ka¿∏n- ° p- ∂ Xv AXn¬ A∏o¬ A[n- I mcn (B- Z y A-∏o¬) Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-®-Xns‚ hni-Z mwi- ß ƒ. (A- d nbn- ∏ ns‚

-

]I¿∏v IqSn CtXm-sSm∏w sh°p-I)

7. A∏o¬ A[n-Im-cn-bpsS Xocp-am-\tam DØ-cthm e`n® XobXn (Xo-cp-am-\tam;

:

DØ-cthm Bbn-´p-s≠-¶n¬)

8. A∏o¬ t_m[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-km\ XobXn

:

9. A∏o-en-tebv°v \bn® hkvXp-X-IfpsS eLp-hn-h-cWw

:

10. A∏o¬ Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v : Bhiy-am-tb-°m-hp∂ a‰v {]k‡ hnh-c-߃ Fs¥-¶nepw Ds≠-¶n¬ Ah. ÿew :

XobXn :

A∏o¬ l¿Pn-°m-cs‚ H∏v.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

At]£ e`n® XnøXn

2

{I.\-.

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

At]-£I - s‚ At]-£bv°v At]£ Hm^okv tcJ- hnh-c-߃/ dnam¿ tcJ-Iƒ t]cpw B[m-ca - mb ^okv Iƒ \¬In-bnIvkv ta¬hn-em-khpw hnjbw HSp-°nb ´pt≠msb∂v \¬Inb XobXn (hni-Zh - n-hcw) hn-hcw

A\p-_‘w 3: hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw ˛ 2005 At]£ e`n-®Xv kw_-‘n-®p≈ cPn-ÿ

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 41

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

A∏oAt]£ e`n® XnøXn

2

{I.\-.

1

3

At]-£I - s‚ t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw

4

A∏oBcpsSsb∂v F¥v \Sn-]-Snbvs°-Xnsc sb∂v 5

6

7

A∏odnam¿Ivkv At]-£bv°v - n-t∑B[m-ca - mb At]-£b kzoI-cn® \S-]Sn hnjbw (Np-cp-°Ø - n¬)

A\p-_‘w 4: hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw ˛ 2005 A∏o¬ At]£Iƒ e`n-®Xv kw_-‘n-®p≈ cPn-ÿ

42 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 43

A\p_‘w 5: Adnbm\p-≈ -A-h-Imiw: ]©m-bØv cmPntIcf ]©mbØv cmPv \nbaØn¬ ]ucs‚ Adnbm\p≈ AhImiw Dƒt®¿Øn-´p≠v. CX\pkcn®v Xt±i `cWÿm]\Øns‚tbm ssIamdnb ÿm]\ßfpsStbm GXp tcJbpw GXp ]uc\pw ]cntim[n°mw, ]I¿s∏ Sp°mw, Ipdns∏Sp°mw. tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v: kmaqlnI PohnXhpambn _‘s∏´ GXp Imcyhpw DØchmZnXz tØmsS hniIe\hnt[bam°p∂ {]{InbbmWv tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v . sX‰pIsfbpw IpdhpIsfbpw ]pdØpsIm≠phcm\pw `cWkpXmcyX Dd∏phcpØm\pw Cu hyhÿbpsS km≤yXIƒ {]tbmP\s∏Spw. {Kma-k`: tkmjy¬ HmUn‰nwKn\p≈ HutZymKnI thZnbmWv {Kmak`. Hcp {Kmak`m{]tZiØp \S°p∂ apgph≥ {]h¿Ø\ßfpw {Kmak`bn¬ N¿® sNøWw. AXp kw_‘n®v {Kma-k`m AwKw Bhiys∏Sp∂ hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw \evIm≥ A[nImcnIƒ _m≤yÿcmWv. • \n¿amW˛\n¿hlW {]h¿Ø\߃ kw_‘n® hnhc߃ amXr`mjbn¬ efnXambpw hy‡ambpw ImWØ°hn[Ønhm¿Ømt_m¿UpIfnepw s]mXpP\߃ IqSp∂ s]mXpÿeßfnepw {]Z¿in∏n°Ww. • hchv sNehv IW°pIƒ, hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\߃, KpW t`m‡m°fpsS enÃv XpSßnb hnhc߃ {Kmak`bn¬ e`yam°Ww. ]ucm-hI - m-it- cJ: Xt±i`cWÿm]\Øn¬ \n∂pw A\p_‘ ÿm]\ßfn¬ \n∂pw ]uc∑m¿°v e`nt°≠ hnhn[ tkh\߃, AhbpsS hyhÿIƒ, Ah e`yam°m\p≈ kab{Iaw, AXn\mhiyamb \S]Sn{Iaw F∂nh kw_‘n® cq]tcJbmWv ]ucmhImitcJ ˛ CXn¬ hogvN h∂mGsXmcp ]uc\pw Hmw_pUvkvam≥, ss{S_yqW¬ F∂nhbv°p apºmsI ]cmXns∏Smw.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

44 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

1999-˛se ]Xn-aq∂mw \nb-a-{]-Imcw tIcfm ]©m-bØv cmPv \nba (1994) Øn¬ Iq´n-t®¿Ø hIp-∏p-I-fpsS {]k‡ `mK-߃ NphsS: 271 F. \n¿hN\߃.

Cu A≤ymbØns‚ BhiyØn\mbn ˛ (i)

s]mXp ÿm]\ßfpsS \nb{¥WØnep≈ hnhc߃ {]m]yam°p ∂XcØn¬ Adnbm\p≈ AhImiw {]mtbmKnIam°p∂Xn\p≈ kwhn[m\w G¿s∏SpØpI.

(F) ‘hnhc߃’ F∂m¬ Hcp ]©mbØns‚ `cW]ctam hnIk\]ctam \nb{¥W]ctam Bb NpaXeIsf kw_‘n®v Hcp {]amWØn¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ GsX¶nepw hkvXpXItfm hnhcßtfm F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ B ]©mbØns\ kw_‘n® GsX¶nepw {]amWtam tcJtbm Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p. (_n) ‘Adnbm\p≈ AhImiw’ F∂m¬ hnhc߃ e`yamIm\p≈ AhImiw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ GsX¶nepw Hcp {]amW Øns‚ km£ys∏SpØnb ]I¿∏v FSp°p∂Xnt\m {]k‡ `mK ߃ ]I¿Øp∂Xnt\m D≈ AhImihpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p. (kn) ‘hn⁄m]nX {]amWw’ F∂m¬ 271 _n hIp∏ns‚ (2)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ k¿°m¿ hn⁄m]\s∏SpØnbn´p≈ ]©mbØns‚ GsX¶nepw {]amWw F∂¿∞amIp∂p.

271 _n. Adnbm\p≈ AhImiw (1) GsX¶nepw hnhcw DØahnizmktØmSpIqSn Bhiys∏Sp∂ Hmtcm Bfn\pw A{]Imcap≈ hnhcw \n¿Æbn°s∏´ \S]Sn{IaØn\\p krXambn Hcp ]©mbØn¬\n∂pw e`n°m≥ AhImiap≠mbncn°p ∂XmWv. (2) D]hIp∏v (1) ¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw k¿°mcn\v, s]mXp `cWØns‚bpw Xt±i`cWØns‚bpw Xm¬∏cym¿∞w, Kk‰v hn⁄m]\w aqew, {]tXyIXcw hnhc߃ ASßp∂ GXp {]amW ßfpw hn⁄m]nX {]amWambn Xcw Xncn°mhp∂Xpw AØcw {]amWØnse hnhc߃ Adnbm≥ bmsXmcmƒ°pw AhImiw C√mØXpw Ah Adnbm\p≈ GsXmct]£bpw ]©mbØn\v \nckn°mhp∂XpamWv.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw 45

(3) k¿°mcn\v, s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchpaqew, DØchn¬ ]d™n´p≈ Xcw hnhc߃ Hcp ]©mbØv {]tZiØv Xmakn°p∂ BfpIfpsS s]mXphmb Adnhnte°v {]kn≤ s∏SpØm≥ B ]©mbØnt\mSv \n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. 271 kn. hnhcw \¬Ip∂Xn\p≈ \S]Sn{Iaw (1) Hcp ]©mbØn¬ \n∂pw GsX¶nepw hnhcw Bhiyap≈ Hcmƒ, AXn\mbn \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ ^mdØnepw hn[Ønepw A{]Imcap≈ ^okv \¬Inbpw B ]©mbØns‚ sk{I´dn°v Hcp At]£ \¬tI≠Xpw \n›nX Imemh[n°p≈n¬, {]kvXpX At]£ AXn\Iw \nckn°mØ]£tam a‰p hn[ØnXo¿∏m°mØ ]£tam, sk{I´dntbm ]©mbØv A[nImc s∏SpØnb DtZymKÿt\m At]£I\v Bhiys∏´ hnhcw \¬tI≠XpamWv. (2) hnhcw Bhiys∏´psIm≠p≈ GsX¶nepw At]£ \nckn °pIbmsW¶n¬ A{]Imcw \nckn°p∂Xn\p≈ ImcWw tcJmaqew Adnbnt°≠XmWv. 271 Un. hnhcw XS™phbv°p∂Xn\v ]ng CuSm°(1) Cu A≤ymbØn≥Iogn¬ GsX¶nepw hnhcw \¬Im≥ _m≤yÿ\mb ]©mbØns‚ sk{I´dnt°m GsX¶nepw DtZymKÿt\m, A{]Imcap≈ hnhcw Hcp ‘hn⁄m]nX {]amW’sØ∏‰nb√mØ]£w, \n›nX Imebfhn\p≈n¬ AXv \¬Im≥ hy‡n]camb _m≤yX D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) \n›nX kabØn\p≈n¬ A{]Imcw hnhcw \¬ImØ]£w, hnhcw \¬ImXncp∂Xn\v DØchmZnbmb DtZymKÿs\, hnhcw \¬tI≠Xmb Ahkm\ XobXn°ptijw ImeXmakw D≠mIp∂ Hmtcm ZnhkØn\pw AºXv cq] hoXw ]ng in£ \¬tI-≠Xpw A{]Imcw CuSm°p∂ ]ng ]©mbØv ^≠n¬ hchphbvt°≠ XpamWv.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005

46 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw

(3) Cu A≤ymbØn≥Iogn¬ hnhcw \¬Im≥ _m≤yÿ\mb ]©mbØns‚ sk{I´dntbm at‰sX¶nepw DtZymKÿt\m A{]Imcw hnhcw \¬Im≥ ]cmPbs∏SpItbm AYhm AXns‚ ImXemb `mKßsf kw_‘n®v sX‰mb hnhcw \¬IpIbpw AXv sX‰msWt∂m AYhm icnbs√t∂m Abmƒ°dnbmambncn°pItbm AYhm A{]Imcw hnizkn°phm≥ X°Xmb ImcWw D≠mbncn°pItbm sNøp∂ ]£w Abmƒ°v Bbncw cq]bnIpdbmØ ]ngin£ \¬tI≠XmWv. 271 C. DØahnizmkØn¬ FSpØ \S]Sn°v kwc£Ww 271 Un hIp∏n¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw, hnhcw \¬Im≥ _m≤yÿ\mb sk{I´dntbm, DtZymKÿt\m, Hcp {]amWØn\mbn hniZamb sXc®n¬ \SØnbtijw, {]amWw kwc£nt°≠ Imemh[n Ign™n´p≈Xn\mtem B {]amWw Cs√t∂m at‰sX¶nepw km[phmb ImcWØmtem I≠pIn´m≥ km[yXbns√t∂m ImWpIbpw BbXn\mB hnhcw \¬Im≥ IgnbmXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]£w B hnhcw At]£Is\ Adnbnt°≠Xpw At]£ Xo¿∏mt°≠Xpw Abmƒs°Xnsc Hcp \S]Snbpw \ne\n¬°p∂X√mØXpamWv.

hnhcw i‡n-bmWv; hnh-cm-hI - miw P\-ßsf i‡-cm-°p-∂p.

hnh-cmh-Imi \nbaw 2005