GOAL SETTING. PURPOSE LESS LIFE. Perhaps INDIA may be the only country in the world in which people decide their career only after completing their education.
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Corruption on the other hand is against the society's interest and anything which is against society is unethical as the term of 'ethics' is defined by the society, from job selection, share of government benefits, allotment of contracts etc. When viewed through morality, every person is entitled to the benefits that others do from using public services, access to water, food, business etc. One cannot deprive other from accessing a public benefit just because he or she is having right to benefit. Any right must be equally applicable to all simultaneously.
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Corruption is the abuse of public resources, which can be monetary or non monetary in nature, for the private gains. Nepotism is favoring the people who are directly or indirectly related to the office bearer causing inequality in access to adequate means of livelihood.
CORRUPTION • They are considered unethical because : 1. Against the principles of equality enshrined in the constitution. 2. Private gain regarded more important than societal gain. 3. Gives rise to anti social elements in the society. 4. Undermines the rule of law. 5. Against the public service goals of impartiality, dedication, neutrality and public good. 6. Disregards the principles of socialism as advocated by DPSPs. • .
CORRUPTION • The effects of Nepotism on society are: 1. Further breeds malaise such as poverty, inequality, social tensions and political unrest. 2. Promotes the 'getting the work done by hook or by crook' culture. 3. Erosion of faith in the constitution and values enshrined within. 4. Generation of black money. 5. National security can be jeopardized by such acts in higher echelons of policy making. 6. Erodes the ethical values such as honesty, empathy, sincerity. 7. Nepotism also leads to corruption and vice-versa. • .
CORRUPTION From Kautilya in the 4th century B.C. to Gunnar Myrdal in the 20th century, political thinkers have written about corrupt practice among public servants. Kautilya had said in the Arthasastra - his magnum opus- that: “Just as it is impossible not to taste honey or poison that one may find at the tip of one’s tongue, so it is impossible for one dealing with government funds not to take at least a bit of the King’s wealth. Just as it is impossible to know when a fish moving in water is drinking it, so it is impossible to find out when government servants in charge of undertakings misappropriate money.”
CORRUPTION The lesson of history is: Corruption among public servants cannot be completely eliminated though it can be curbed and controlled. Perhaps except the tiny Republic of Singapore no modern country has been able to contain corrupt practice in public life. The civil servants in Singapore are the highest paid officials in the world and the size of the country and its population of only about 0.4 million explain why Singapore is largely free of graft.
CORRUPTION History records that, there were some great statesmen in ancient Greece and Rome as Lycurgus, who drafted the Constitution of Sparta; Pericles of Athens, who strengthened democracy; Cato, the powerful Roman Senator, who led an austere life and the Roman Consul Fabricus, who attained eminence because of his proverbial incorruptibility. (It was said in contemporary Rome about Fabricus that the sun could be deflected from its course in the solar system; but Fabricus could not be deflected from the path of rectitude by offer of a bribe
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There were, however, others in ancient times who earned notoriety for corruption. Herodotus, the contemporary Greek historian, has recorded that in spite of great military discipline and austere life-style of the Spartans, it was very difficult for an average Spartan to resist a bribe. A few centuries later, Edward Gibbon, who wrote his monumental work, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, bemoaned the fall of the mighty Roman Empire due to lust for power and corruption.
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Corruption was also rife in the Middle Ages. It was so endemic in medieval Italy that Savonarola (145298) – who was the epitome of honesty in public life – was burnt alive only because the corrupt political factions in medieval Florence could not tolerate his austere lifestyle and unimpeachable integrity. “History also records that though the Popes have been extremely pious, some of them were perhaps not above board in regard to probity in public life.
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In British India – during the rule of the East India Company – most of the Company’s Servants were corrupt. There is historical evidence that George Vansittart, a company’s officer, took moveable property including vast quantity of gold in a ship from India to England in the year 1776. The situation in British India during the Company’s rule became so grim in terms of graft and corruption that Robert Clive had to be recalled to clean up “the Augean Stable”. It is also on record that Pitt’s India Act of 1784 made acceptance of gift by the company’s servant a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment.
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Even in the United Kingdom – the citadel of parliamentary democracy – graft and corruption were wide spread. During the time of Robert Walpole peerage could be bought and sold. Even the recommendations of the Directors of the East India Company for nomination of a youngman for a career in the covenanted civil service could be available for monetary consideration. In other words, the Haileybury men had bad odour of corrupt practice which the successful candidates in the competitive examinations introduced in the wake of the Northcote – Trevelyan Report of 1854 – called derisively as competitionwallahs by George Trevelyan – did not have.
CORRUPTION • The ICS officers might not have been • bound by the Franciscan oath of “poverty, anonymity and obedience”; but they laid down norms of conduct and behaviour of Civil Servants. They ensured that the ICS started a wholesome tradition of honest and dedicated public service.
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In the initial years after Independence, the political executive in India comprised persons, who were men of unimpeachable integrity as Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Va1labhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Lal Bahadur Sastri, Gulzari Lal Nanda, C. Rajgopalachari, K. Kamraj and others, who set very high standards in public life. Civil Servants who worked with such distinguished leaders emulated them. Except for stray cases as that of S.A. Venkataraman of the ICS, who was tried for corrupt practice in 1953 and imprisoned, a large majority of civil servants of India were men of great integrity.
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But unfortunately money and muscle power gradually dominated politics in post-independent India. A few politicians in power made money through corrupt means. Once the ship of the state started leaking from the top, it became progressively difficult to have a honest civil service. In some cases, a politician - civil servant nexus developed posing a threat to democratic governance. The enormous growth of “black money” in what is called “the parallel economy” also led to distribution.of “cash for votes” in the elections of Members of Legislatures and the local self-governing units as the Panchayats and the Zilla Parishads
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An important reason for the rise of corrupt practice in recent years has been of course huge expenditure on different schemes in the successive Five Years Plans. In the First Five Year Plan (1951-56) the total outlay for a period of five years was a little more than Rs. 2000 crores. In recent years, the amount of expenditure on Plan Schemes has increased astronomically. In the current Financial Year of 2011-12, the annual plan expenditure is estimated at about Rs. 4,41,548 crores - a mind-boggling amount of money!! In the last seven years, expenditure on plan schemes has undergone a three-fold increase as in the Financial year 2004-05, it was only Rs. 1,45,000 crores.
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Any expert in public administration will testify that the existing practices, procedure and also administrative infrastructure of the Government of India or of the states are not equipped to handle such large expenditure. To illustrate, huge sums of money are spent on irrigation schemes, power projects, flood protection works, bridges and roads, water-harvesting structures and earthwork under Employment Guarantee Schemes. Some of these schemes are executed without proper • technical survey and realistic financial estimates.
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The labour-intensive schemes do not invariably result in building durable assets for the community. Often big projects with huge outlay of plan funds lead to inevitable procurement of costly spares and auxiliary equipments, where “kickback” is expressed in terms of percentage of the amount of money for which work order or procurement order have been issued.
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In the circumstances, a pragmatic approach would be to appoint on short-term contract competent retired officers of unimpeachable integrity as E. Sreedharan of Delhi’s Metro Project as high-level supervisors. Intensive supervision of execution of schemes in the Five-Year Plans by competent senior officials of unimpeachable integrity – whether serving or retired – will go a long way to ensure a corruption-free execution of schemes and projects under the Central and State governments.
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Usually, corrupt practice creeps in when officials enjoy power and authority but have lost their self-respect. The causes for loss of self-respect could be various, ranging from insufficiency of legal remuneration to make both ends meet to constant harassment at workplace by the senior administrative or political bosses.
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One of the main instruments to check corruption in public life is to ensure greater openness in the decision-making process. Transparency in decisionmaking will also eliminate delay. Delay is one of the reasons for payment of “speed money” - an euphemism for a bribe. Two recent examples of the benefit of transparency in government are hassle-free prior reservation of railway tickets and speedy registration of transfer deeds of immovable property in office of the Local Sub-Registrar. computerization has ensured that in at least these two services it is not possible for corrupt officials to demand and accept illegal gratification.
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Nepotism and Corruption are curse in every sphere of life and not only in public service but their impact is worst in public life compared to others. In public life , responsibility is of public services like health, education, various schemes of government which affect the common people.
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Also, the money used in public life for all these services is the money of public and not a private money. Now if in these cases there are favours done in health , education or in any scheme , in giving jobs to relatives or friends then it will impact others and deserving people and needy people will not get these services despite in greater need. Also, government's money if used for personal purposes or used for relatives of friends then it means the money is illegally used which is a public money. So for all these reasons it is considered unethical and morally wrong
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Nepotism impacts on society: 1) It brings the moral of deserving people down. 2) It creates more differences between people. 3) It brings down the faith of people on public servants and on a whole on society. 4) It may bring violence and gives rise to negative elements in the society. 5) It creates dissent among the hardworking people and people who are in real need .
• Basically nepotism and corruption are not good for any society and they are not good for a democratic country like India as it hinders the overall development of country
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Corruption Has Increased In Last One Year As India Slips To 79th Rank In The Global List
• In 2015, India was ranked at 76 and since then has gone down by three ranks. • Transparency International said, “India’s ongoing poor performance with a score of 40 reiterates the state’s inability to effectively deal with petty corruption as well as large-scale corruption scandals. The impact of corruption on poverty, illiteracy and police brutality shows that not only the economy is growing – but also inequality.”
• India was ranked above Pakistan at rank 116, but shared the position with China with a score of 40, which is 2 points better than last year. • Bhutan is ranked 27 on the list with a score of 65. • Countries were ranked between 0 and 100, where 0 means that a country is highly corrupt and 100 means the country is perceived to be clean and honest. • The most corrupt countries include Somalia, South Sudan, North Korea and Syria, while Denmark and New Zealand are among the cleanest with 90 points each.
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I am going to make the Rest of my life the BEST of my life.
Thank You!! •
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T. JAMES JOSEPH