KERALA POLICE ACT 2011 uploaded by T J Joseph Deputy Collector Alappuzha

2011˛se 8˛mw BIv‰v 2011˛se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v tIcf kwÿm\sØ t]meokv tk\bpsS cq]oIcWhpw \nb{¥Whpw A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_‘n® \nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xn\pw t`ZKXn sNøp∂Xn\pw AXpambn _‘s∏´Xpw AXn\v B\pjwKnIhpamb Imcy߃°pwth≠nbpff Hcp BIv‰v ]oTnI.-˛ cmjv{SØns‚ AJWvUXbpw kpc£nXXzhpw kwc£n°p∂Xn\pw, Hmtcm ]uct‚bpw Poh\pw kzØn\pw kzmX{¥yØn\pw A¥ n\pw a\pjymhImi߃°pw `cWLS\m\pkrXamb ]cnKW\ \¬In bYmhn[nbpff kpXmcyXtbmSpIqSn \nbahmgvN Dd∏m°p∂Xn\pw sXmgn¬ sshZKv≤yapffXpw ]cnioen∏n°s∏´Xpw ss\]pWyhpw A®S°hpw A¿∏Wt_m[hpw DffXpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[m\w G¿s∏SptØ≠Xv bp‡ambncn°pIbmepw; aXnbmbXpw hyhÿm]nXhpw Bb A[nImcßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw \¬In, t]meokns\ Imcy£aXtbmSpIqSn A[nImc߃ hn\ntbmKn°phm\pw I¿Øhy߃ \n¿Δln°phm\pw {]m]vXcmt°≠Xv Bhiyambncn°pIbmepw; B[p\nI P\m[n]Xy kaqlØn\v A\ptbmPyambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw P\kulm¿±hpw {Iakam[m\hpw \ne\n¿Øp∂Xpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[m\w th≠Xn\mepw; t]meokn¬ \n£n]vXamb A[nImc߃ Zp¿hn\ntbmKw sNøs∏Sp∂n√sb∂pw t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃ hyhÿm]nXhpw Imcy£ahpamb \nb{¥W߃°v hnt[bamsW∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠Xv AXy¥mt]£nXambXn\mepw; Ct∏mƒ, AXn\m¬, tIcf kwÿm\sØ t]meokv tk\bpsS cq]oIcWhpw \nb{¥Whpw A[nImchpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_‘n® \nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xpw t`ZKXnsNøp∂Xpw A\pt]£WobambXn\mepw; `mcX dn∏ªn°ns‚ Adp]Ønsbm∂mw kwh’cØn¬ C\n ]dbpw {]Imcw \nbaap≠m°p∂p:˛

A≤ymbw˛1 {]mcw`w 1. Npcp°t∏cpw, hym]vXnbpw, {]mcw`hpw:-˛(1) Cu BIv‰n\v 2011 se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v, F∂v t]cv ]dbmw.

(2) CXn\v tIcf kwÿm\w apgph≥ hym]vXnbp≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (3) CXv DS≥ {]m_eyØn¬ hcp∂XmWv. 2. \n¿ΔN\߃:- (1) Cu BIv‰n¬, kμ¿`w a‰phn[Øn¬ Bhiys]SmØ]£w,˛ (F) “ IΩoj≥” F∂m¬ 24˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw cq]oIcn°s∏´ kwÿm\ kpc£mIΩoj≥ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (_n) “Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v ”F∂m¬ at‰Xv DtZymKt]cn\m¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ Adnbs∏´mepw, Hcp Pn√bpsS FIvknIyp´ohv `cWØns‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (kn) “k¿°m¿” F∂m¬ tIcf k¿°m¿ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (Un) “ÿew” F∂Xn¬ ÿnctam Xm¬°menItam Bb GsX¶nepw sI´nSw, IqSmcw, _qØv, hml\w As√¶n¬ a‰p \n¿ΩmW߃, sI´nbS®tXm Xpd mbtXm Bb Ic, IS¬, Imb¬, XSmIw, \ZnIƒ, tXmSpIƒ, NXp∏v A¥co£w F∂nhbpƒs∏sSbp≈ GsX¶nepw {]tZiw F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p; (C) “t]meokv”v F∂Xn¬ 3˛Dw 4˛Dw hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcw hn\n¿t±in°s∏´ I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw \n¿Δln°p∂hcpw A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xn\v 88˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØs∏´hcpamb F√m BfpIfpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (F^v) “t]meokv tk\” F∂m¬ 14˛mw hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ t]meokv tk\ F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (Pn) “t]meokv Pn√” F∂m¬ Cu BIv‰ns‚ 16˛mw hIp∏p {]Imcw {]Jym]n°s∏´ {]mtZinI taJe F∂¿∞amIp∂p; (F®v) “t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥” F∂m¬ t]meokv tk\bnse Hcp AwKw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (sF) “hkvXp” F∂Xn¬ ]Whpw, hne]nSn∏p≈ CuSpw, ÿmhctam, PwKatam, UnPn‰tem Bb F√m hkvXp°fpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;

(sP) “s]mXpÿew”F∂m¬ AhImiamtbm A√msXtbm s]mXpP\Øn\v {]thin°mhp∂ GsXmcp ÿehpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw:-˛ (i) Hcp s]mXp sI´nShpw kvamcIhpw AhbpsS ]cnkchpw; IqSmsX (ii) sh≈saSp°p∂Xnt\m IgpIp∂Xnt\m Ipfn°p∂Xnt\m k©mcw, hnt\mZw, Blmcw, hn{iaw, NnIn’, hym]mcw apXembhbvt°m GsX¶nepw tkh\Ønt\m th≠n s]mXpP\Øn\v {]thi\ap≈Xmb GsXmcp ÿehpw, Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p. (sI) “tkh\ZmXmhv” F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw {]Xn^ew kzoIcnt®m A√msXtbm s]mXpP\Ønt\m AXns‚ GsX¶nepw hn`mKØnt\m Hcp hy‡nt°m GsX¶nepw tkh\w {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xmb GsX¶nepw Btfm GP≥kntbm AXns‚ NpaXe°mct\m Poh\°mct\m F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw t^m¨, C‚¿s\‰v, Iºyq´¿, hml\w, Blmcw, Pew, [\Imcyw, hmSI, ]Wbw, Bip]{Xn, et_md´dn, ipNoIcWw, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬, sshZypXn, \nt£]w, Hmlcn \n¿ΩmWw, kpc£, hym]mcw, hmbv], C‘\w, hn{iaw, hnt\mZw apXemb tkh\߃ \¬Ip∂hcpw, Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ s]mXpP\Øn\v GsX¶nepw tkh\w \¬Ip∂Xpamb AØcØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw hy‡nbpw GP≥knbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (F¬) “sXcphv ”F∂Xn¬ s]mXphgnbmbmepw As√¶nepw s]mXpP\Øn\v {]thi\ap≈ GsX¶nepw sslth, ]mew, hgn, hcºv, tdmUv, CShgn, \Shgn, NXzcw, A¶Ww, DZym\hoYn, Nm\¬ As√¶n¬ CS\mgn F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p; (Fw) “{Sm^n°v ”F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿeØpIqsS BfpIƒ, arK߃, hml\߃, bm\߃, Nc°pIƒ XpSßnbhbpsS GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ \o°w F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ Ahbn¬ GsX¶nepw LSIØns‚ H‰bvt°m Iq´mtbm D≈ \o°sØ _m[n°p∂ coXnbn¬ B ÿetØm kao]tØm ÿnXn sNøp∂ hml\ßfpsSbpw PohPmeßfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xm¬°menItam ÿnctam Bb hn\ymkw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p; (F≥) “hml\w” F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw Bfns\tbm arKsØtbm as‰s¥¶nepw hkvXphns\tbm hln°p∂ KXmKX D]m[n F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ h≠n, Npa´ph≠n, hm≥, {S°v, ssIh≠n, t_m´v, ssk°nƒ, ss{Sssk°nƒ, dn£m, tamt´m¿ hml\w, bm\w, hnam\w F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.

(2) Cu BIv‰n¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xpw \n¿ΔNn®n´n√mØXpw F∂m¬ 1860 ˛se C¥y≥ in£m\nbaØntem (1860˛se 45˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) 1973˛se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbntem (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) ˛ \n¿ΔNn®n´p≈Xpamb hm°pIƒ°pw {]tbmK߃°pw Ahbn¬ \¬Inbncn°p∂ \n¿ΔN\߃ _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv.

A≤mbw II t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw 3. t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy߃.˛ `mcXØns‚ `cWLS\bv°pw AXn≥Iogn\n¿Ωn®n´p≈ \nba߃°pw hnt[bambn, `cWhyhÿbpsS `mKambn P\߃°nSbn{]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp tkh\ hn`mKw F∂ \nebn¬ {Iakam[m\hpw cmjv{SØns‚ AJWv U Xbpw cmjv { Skpc£bpw a\pjymhImi kwc£Whpw Dd∏phcpØn \nba{]Imcw F√m BfpIƒ°pw e`yamIp∂ kzmX{¥yßfpw AhImißfpw Ah¿ A\p`hn°p∂p F∂v Dd∏m°p∂Xn\mbn t]meokv \nbam\pkrXambn bXv\nt°≠XmWv. 4. t]meokns‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ Cu BIv‰ns‚ hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meokptZymKÿ¿ C\n ]dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δlnt°≠XmWv, AXmbXv˛-(F) ]£t`Zw IqSmsX \nbaw \S∏nem°pI; (_n) F√m BfpIfptSbpw Poh≥, kzmX{¥yw, kzØv, a\pjymhImi߃, A¥ v F∂nh \nbam\pkrXw kwc£n°pI; (kn) cmjv { SØns‚ B`y¥ckpc£ ImØpkq£n°pIbpw, Xo{hhmZ {]h¿Ø\߃, h¿§ob A{Iaw, B`y¥cIem]w apXembhbvs°Xncmbn Pm{KXtbmsS {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI; (Un) s]mXpkpc£ Dd∏m°p∂ {IaoIcW߃ t{]m’mln∏n°pIbpw ImØpkq£n°pIbpw s]mXp kam[m\w \ne\n¿ØpIbpw sNøpI; (C) A]mbßfn¬ \n∂pw D]{Zhßfn¬ \n∂pw s]mXpP\sØ kwc£n°pI ; (F^v) tdmUpIƒ, sdbn¬th, ]me߃, a¿Ω{][m\amb {]XnjvTm]\߃, ÿm]\߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏sS F√m s]mXp kzØp°fpw kwc£n°pI; (Pn) \nba]camb A[nImc߃ ]camh[n D]tbmKn®v Ip‰IrXy߃ XSbpIbpw Ipd®v sIm≠phcpIbpw sNøpI; (F®v) Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®v \nbam\pkcWw At\zjWw \SØn Ip‰hmfnIsf bYmhn[nbp≈ \nba\S]SnIƒ°v hnt[bam°pI; (sF) F√m s]mXp ÿeßfnepw {Sm^nIv \nb{¥n°pIbpw {IaoIcn°pIbpw sNøpI; (sP) Ip‰IrXyßfmbn ]cnWant®°mhp∂ X¿°ßfpw kwL¿jßfpw Hgnhm°phm\pw ]cnlcn°phm\pw {ian°pI;

(sI) {]IrXnZØtam A√mØtXm Bb Zpc¥tam, AXymlnXtam, A]IStam D≠mIptºmƒ ASnb¥ncambn CSs]SpIbpw t¢iw A\p`hn°p∂ BfpIƒ°v DNnXamb F√m klmbhpw \¬IpI; (F¬) t]meokns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø\߃°pw cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£bv°pw klmbIcamb hnhc߃ kamlcn°pIbpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ hym]\w \SØpIbpw sNøpI; (Fw) IÃUnbnep≈ F√m BfpIƒ°pw \nbam\pkcWap≈ kwc£Whpw kpc£nXXzhpw Dd∏phcpØpI; (F≥) £aXbp≈ A[nImcÿm\ßfpsSbpw taeptZymKÿcpsSbpw \nbam\pkrXamb F√m DØchpIfpw A\pkcn°pIbpw \nbam\pkrXambn \S∏nem°pIbpw sNøpI; (H) t]meokv tk\bpsS B¥cnI A®S°w ]men°pIbpw \ne\n¿ØpIbpw sNøpI; (]n) P\߃°nSbn¬ s]mXphmbn kpc£nXXz t_m[w Dd∏phcpØpI; (Iyp) s]mXpÿeßfntem, sXcphntem, \n lmbtcm, \ncmew_tcm Bbn ImWs∏Sp∂ BfpIfpsS, {]tXyIn®v kv { XoIfptSbpw Ip´nIfptSbpw, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑mcpsSbpw, IgnhpIfn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIfpsSbpw NpaXe Gs‰SpØv AhcpsS kpc£nXXzw Dd∏phcpØpI; (B¿) X’abw {]m_eyØnep≈ NpaXes∏SpØnbncn°p∂ I¿Øhy߃ ]men°pI;

GsX¶nepw

\nbaØm¬

(Fkv) k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬ \nbam\pkrXw G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°pI. A≤ymbw III t]meokv tÃj≥ 5. t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿm]n°¬.˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, 1973˛se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰)v 2˛mw hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, hn⁄m]\whgn, Cu \nbaØns‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm Xt±i{]tZiØn\pw th≠n t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjt‚bpw A[nImcnXbp≈ {]tZihpw AXv {]h¿Ønt°≠ sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ hn⁄m]\Ønhn\n¿t±in®n´p≈ {]Imcambncnt°≠XmWv.

(3) k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ HutZymKnI ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿ F∂ DtZymKt∏tcmSpIqSn Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw {]h¿Ø\ ta¬t\m´w \n¿Δlnt°≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ B t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°p∂XpamWv. 6. t]meokv tÃj\pIfn¬ k¿°m¿ aXnbmb kuIcy߃ G¿s∏SpØWsa∂v.˛ (1) k¿°m¿, hn`htijn°v hnt[bambn, ASnÿm\ t]meokv tkh\߃ Bhiyap≈ F√mh¿°pw BbXv {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xn\v aXnbmb kwJym_ehpw ASnÿm\ kuIcyßfpw Hmtcm t]meokv kvt‰j\nepw Ds≠∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ kuIcyßfn¬ t]meokv tÃj\pambn _‘s∏´ F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw Imcy£aambn tPmen sNøp∂Xn\p≈ aXnbmb ASnÿm\ kuIcy߃, s]mXpP\߃°mbn th≠{X kuIcyßtfmSpIqSnb kzoIcW ÿew, IÃUnbnep≈ km[\ßfpw HutZymKnI tcJIfpw HutZymKnI Bbp[ßfpw shSnt°m∏pIfpw kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xn\p≈ aXnbmb kw`cW ÿew, {]XnIsfbpw IÃUnbn¬ D≈hscbpw kq£n°m\p≈ aXnbmb kuIcy߃, DNnXamb Bibhn\nab kuIcy߃, aXnbmb k©mc kuIcyw F∂nhbpw t]meokv tÃj\nse DtZymKÿcn¬ `mcta¬∏n®ncn°p∂ \nba]camb DØchmZnXz߃ th≠hn[Øn\n¿Δln°p∂Xn\p≈ kpc£m D]IcW߃, CeIv t {SmWnIv kwhn[m\߃, Bbp[߃, t^md≥knIv D]IcW߃ F∂nhbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p.

(3) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn kwÿm\sØ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\nepw e`yambn´p≈ kuIcyßfpsS ]cym]vXX Hmtcm h¿jhpw ]p\chtemI\w sNøp∂Xn\p≈ {IaoIcW߃ G¿s∏SptØ≠Xpw DNnXamb \nehmcØnep≈ kuIcy߃ G¿s∏SpØp∂Xn\v \S]SnIƒ FSpt°≠XpamWv. 7. Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkh\Øn\v BfpIƒ°p≈ AhImiw.˛F√m BfpIƒ°pw t]meokv tÃj\n¬ \n∂v Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkh\Øn\v AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 8. t]meokv tÃj\n¬ s]mXpP\߃°p≈ AhImi߃ ˛(1) F√m BfpIƒ°pw \ymbamb {]mtbmKnIXbv°v hnt[bambn t]meokv tÃj\n¬ \n∂v \nbam\pkrX tkh\w e`n°p∂Xn\pw GXp kabØpw GXp t]meokv tÃj\nepw kam[m\]q¿Δw {]thin°p∂Xn\pw kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xn\pw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) s]mXpP\ßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw \ymbamb \nb{¥W߃°v hnt[bambn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymÿs\ ImWphm\pw Imcy߃ Adnbn°phm\pw D≈ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw aXnbmb ImcWßfn√msX Cu AhImiw \ntj[n°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv.

(3) kv{XoIƒ°v h\nXm t]meokns‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ kzImcyXtbmsS ]cmXn \¬Iphm\p≈ kuIcyw t]meokv tÃj\n¬ D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv. (4) s]mXpP\ßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw Abmƒ \¬Inb ]cmXnsb kw_‘n® ssI∏‰p ckoXv e`n°phm\pw ]cmXn kw_‘n®p≈ t]meokv \S]SnbpsStbm At\zjWØns‚tbm Ahÿ Adnbphm\pw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (5) s]mXpP\ßfn¬ GsXmcmfpw Abmƒ t]meokv tÃj\n¬ hm°mtem tcJmaqetam \¬Inb GsXmcp ]cmXnbpsSbpw Npcp°w t]meokv tÃj\nImem\p{IaØnepw kaImenIhpambn h®pt]mcp∂Xpamb ÿncw cPnÃdn¬ X¬kabw tcJs∏SptØ≠XmWv. (6) GsXmcp ]uc\pw, GsX¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI Bƒ t]meokv tÃj\n¬ IÃUnbnDt≠msb∂v Adnbphm≥ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 9. IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIƒ°pth≠nbp≈ sNehv \¬IWsa∂v.˛IÃUnbnep≈ Hmtcm Bfns‚bpw `£Ww, sh≈w, a‰v {]mYanI Bhiy߃ F∂nh \¬Ip∂Xnte°mbn Hcp AhnZKv≤ sXmgnemfn°v X¬kabw \nehnep≈ k¿°m¿ \nc°\pkcn®p≈ G‰hpw Ipd™ ZnhkthX\Øns‚ ]IpXnsb∂ {]XnZn\ \nc°n{]Xnamkw IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIfpsS FÆØn\pw Imebfhn\pw B\p]mXnIamb XpI, k¿°m¿, Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw \¬tI≠XmWv. 10. t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ F√mbvt∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\£aambncn°Wsa∂v.˛Hcp t]meokv tÃj≥, t]meokv tkh\߃ Bhiyap≈h¿°mbpw t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\mbpw Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\£ahpw PmKcqIhpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv. 11. {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥.˛(1) 5˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw {]tZiØn\pth≠n hn⁄m]\w sNøs∏´ t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ°v ]pdsa k¿°mcn\v GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv \n›nX Imebfhntet°m {]tXyI Dt±iyØntet°m GsX¶nepw {]tXyI \nbatam \nbaßtfm \S∏nem°p∂Xn\p th≠ntbm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) AØcw {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿnXnsNøp∂ sI´nSw, {]tZiw, A[nImc]cn[n, Dt±iyw, Imebfhv apXembh 5˛mw hIp∏n¬ \njvI¿jn°s∏´ coXnbnhn⁄m]\w sNtø≠XmWv. (3) (1)˛Dw (2)˛Dw D]hIp∏pIfn¬ D≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ k©cn°p∂ Hcp hml\Øntem GsX¶nepw Xm¬°menI Hm^okntem Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥ ÿm]n°p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcns\ XSbp∂Xmbn IcpXs∏Sm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(4) Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥ ssIs°m≠ GsX¶nepw \S]Sn AXv Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjs\ `mcta¬∏n®psImSp°m≥ Ignbpambncp∂ Hcp Imcyambncp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ Akm[phmIp∂X√.

(5) Hmtcm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\pw AXns‚ {]tXyI Dt±iyhpw {]tXyI kz`mhhpw hy‡am°p∂ hn[Ønep≈ t]cv \¬tI≠XmWv. (6) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v {]tXyI DØchphgn Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj\pambn _‘s∏´ GsX¶nepw DØchmZnXzØn¬ \n∂v Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\nse tÃj≥ lukv B^nksd Hgnhm°mhp¥pw Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥ lukv B^oksd G¬∏n®psImSp°mØtXm A[nIambtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchmZnXz߃ Abmfn¬ `cta¬∏n°mhp∂XpamWv. 12. t]meokv tÃj≥ Ubdn.˛Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn\n›bn°p∂ amXrIbnep≈ Hcp P\d¬ Ubdn kq£nt°≠Xpw ka¿∏n°s∏´ F√m ]cmXnIfpsSbpw {]Ya hnhc dnt∏m¿´pIfptSbpw Nm¿÷pIfpsSbpw kw{Klhpw ]cmXn°mcpsSbpw FXn¿I£nIfpsSbpw AdÃv sNøs∏´ F√m BfpIfpsSbpw t]cphnhc߃, Ah¿s°Xnsc Nm¿÷p sNøs∏´ Ip‰ßƒ, AhcpsS ssIhiØn\nt∂m a‰p hn[Øntem Is≠SpØ Bbp[ßfS°ap≈ hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh kw_‘n® hnhcßfpw X’abw tcJs∏SptØ≠XpamWv. 13. tÃj≥ Ubdnbpw IÃUn kuIcyhpw ]cntim[n°phm≥ A¿lXbp≈ BfpIƒ.˛(1) kwÿm\ a\pjymhImi IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm\ h\nXm IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm\ ]´nIPmXn, ]´nItKm{Xh¿§ IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm\ As√¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv Iwπbn‚ v AtXmdn‰nIfpsStbm sNb¿t]gvk¨am¿°pw AwK߃°pw t]meokv tÃj\n¬ {]thin®v 12˛mw hIp∏\pkcn®v kq£n®ncn°p∂ GsXmcp P\dUbdnbnsebpw Dƒ°pdn∏pIfpw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≈ GsXmcmfns‚bpw ÿnXnbpw t\cn´v ]cntim[n°mhp∂XpamWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tÃj≥ kμ¿in°p∂ GsXmcmfpw At±lØns‚ kμ¿i\w X¬kabw Ubdnbn¬ tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Xs‚ \nco£WØns‚ Npcp°w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsb F{Xbpw s]s´∂v Adnbnt°≠Xpw AØcw \nco£Wßfn≥ta¬ Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn F{Xbpw s]s´∂v kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.

A≤ymbw IV t]meokv tk\bpsS s]mXphmb LS\ 14. tIcf t]meokv.˛(1) tIcf kwÿm\Øn\v tIcf t]meokv F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp GIoIrX t]meokv tk\ D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw AXns\ ImemImeßfn`qanimkv{X]ctam {]h¿Ø\£aXm]ctam Bb GsX¶nepw kuIcyØns‚tbm {]tXyI Dt±iyØns‚tbm ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnhn[ k_v bqWn‰pIfmtbm, bqWn‰pIfmtbm, {_m©pIfmtbm, hnwKpIfmtbm k¿°mcn\v Xocpam\n®v hn`Pn°mhp∂XpamWv. (2) tIcfm t]meokv tk\bn¬, UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÉv t]meokv No^ns\°mƒ Db¿∂ Hcp ]Zhn C√ F∂Xn\p hnt[bambn, k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn\n›bn°p∂ hnhn[ ]ZhnIƒ D≈ DtZymKÿsc Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw B ]ZhnIƒ BtcmlW {IaØn¬ C\n ]dbp∂ {]Imcw Bbncn°p∂XpamWv,˛ (F)

t]meokv tIm¨Ã_nƒ;

(_n)

t]meokv slUvtIm¨Ã_nƒ ;

(kn)

Akn v k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;

(Un)

k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;

(C)

C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;

(F^v) sU]yq´n kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv; (Pn)

kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv;

(F®v) sU]yq´n C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv; (sF)

C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;

(sP)

AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;

(sI)

UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;

(F¬) UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÉv t]meokv No^v.

(3) k¿°mcn\v, s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS, tIcf t]meokntem a‰v kwÿm\ßfntem tI{μk¿°mcntem \nehnep≈ GsXmcp t]meokv ]Zhnsbbpw hy‡am°m\p]tbmKn°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw ]Z{]tbmK߃ ta¬∏d™ ]ZhnIfn¬ GsX¶nepw H∂n\v Xpeysa∂v IcpXs∏Smhp∂XmsW∂v hn\n¿t±in°m hp∂XmWv.

(4) (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ ]pXnb Hcp ]Zhn krjvSn°p∂Xnt\m AXn¬ hn\n¿t±in®n´pff Hcp ]Zhn°v ]pXnb Hcp DtZymKt]cv \¬Ip∂Xnt\m Dff k¿°mcns‚ A[nImcsØ _m[n°p∂X√.

15. t]meokvLS\sb k¿°m¿ hn\n¿t±in°Wsa∂v - - (1) Cu BIv‰ns‚ hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, t]meokv tk\bn¬ k¿°m¿ s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS \n›bnt®°mhp∂{X DtZymKÿ¿ Hmtcm ]Zhnbnepw Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw A{]Imcapff DØchp{]Imcapff LS\bpw cq]hpw, Hm^okpIfpw A[nImcnX{Iahpw, B⁄mt{iWnbpw, `cW]camb A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncnt°≠XpamWv. (2) IqSpX¬ P\kwJybpw k¶o¿Æamb {Iakam[m\ {]iv\ßfpw \ne\n¬°p∂ sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfn¬ IqSpX¬ sshZKv≤yap≈Xpw GIoIrXhpw \nba]camb A[nImchpw DØchmZnXzhpapff sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv. (3) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfnse {]iv\߃ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ ]cym]vXamb {]tXyI t]meokv LS\ Hcp hn⁄m]\ØneqsS Kh¨sa‚ v ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv. (4) Hcp sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ {]tZisØ t]meokv `cWØn\mbn sU]yq´n t]meokv C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\den¬ IpdbmØ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv Hm^oksd IΩojWdmbn \nbant°≠XmWv. (5) IΩojW¿°pw IΩojW¿°v Iognep≈ a‰p DtZymKÿ¿°pw k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ A[nImcßfpw NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv: F∂m¬, IΩojWdpw a‰p DtZymKÿcpw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS \nb{¥WØn≥ Iogn¬ {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv. (6) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw G¿s∏SpØnbn´pff {]tZißfnt]meokv IΩojW¿°v Cu BIvt‰m, 1973se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXtbm (1974 se c≠mw tI{μ BIv‰)v , GsX¶nepw kwÿm\ \nbaßtfm {]Imcw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\p≈ F√mtam GsX¶neptam A[nImc߃ k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ hyhÿIƒ°pw D]m[nIƒ°pw hnt[bambn hn\ntbmKn°mhp∂XmWv. 16. t]meokv Pn√.˛ kwÿm\ k¿°mcn\,v hn⁄m]\w hgn, GsXmcp {]tZitØbpw Cu BIv‰ns‚ Bhiy߃°mbn hn⁄m]\Øn¬ hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂ XobXn apXHcp t]meokv Pn√bmbn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv Pn√bn¬ H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ dh\yq Pn√IfpsS `mK߃ Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂X√.

17. Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn.˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv Pn√bnse t]meokv tk\bpw t]meokv tÃj\pIfpw AXnt\mS\p_‘n® a‰v Hm^okpIfpw k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°pw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬t\m´Øn\pw \nba]camb DØchn\pw hnt[bambn k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬t\m´Ønepw \nb{¥WØnepw {]h¿Ønt°≠Xpw k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ ]ZhnIfnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ At±lsØ A°mcyØn¬ klmbnt°≠XpamWv. (2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgbp≈ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

18. kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn ˛ (1) kwÿm\Øv H´msIbp≈ t]meokns‚ `cW\n¿ΔlWhpw, ta¬t\m´hpw, \n¿t±ihpw, \nb{¥Whpw k¿°mcns‚ \nb{¥WØn\v hnt[bambn, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn F∂ DtZymKt∏cp≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\n¬ \n£n]vXambncn°p∂XmWv. (2) UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbnte°v ÿm\°b‰w e`n®n´p≈ C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse kwÿm\ tIUdnse DtZymKÿ¿°nSbn¬ \n∂pw, kwÿm\ t]meokv tk\sb \bn°p∂Xn\p≈ {]m]vXnbpw samØamb tkh\ Ncn{Xhpw sXmgn¬ kw_‘amb Adnhv, ]cnNbw F∂nhbpw IW°nseSpØv k¿°m¿ Hcp kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb \nbant°≠XmWv: F∂m¬, kwÿm\Øn\pth≠n GsX¶nepw tImSXnbntem, ss{S_yqWentem hIp∏pXe GP≥knbntem ^b¬ sNbvXn´p≈ Hcp tI ntem in£W \S]Sn {IaØntem Hcp DtZymKÿs\Xncmbn GsX¶nepw Ip‰]{Xw \¬Is∏SpItbm \ne\n¬°pItbm BsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs\ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbmbn \nban°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(3) Cu BIv ‰ v {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn®v tIcf kwÿm\Øv t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂ F√m BfpIfpw, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS IogptZymKÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv. (4) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ Xocpam\n°p∂ FÆØnepw hnhn[ ]ZhnIfnepap≈ DtZymKÿ¿ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb klmbnt°≠XmWv. (5) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb°mƒ ko\nbdmb DtZymKÿsc tIcf t]meokn¬ \nban°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.

19. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v GtIm]n∏nt°≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) Pn√bpsS s]mXphmb `cW \n¿ΔlWw Imcy£aambn \S∏nemt°≠p∂ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v C\n ]dbp∂ Imcyßfn¬ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃ Pn√bpsS `cW \n¿ΔlWhpambn _‘s∏´ncn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfpsS {]h¿Ø\ßfpambn GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xn\v A[nImcap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. AXmbXv.˛

(F) `q]cnjvIcWw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xpw `qan kw_‘amb X¿°ßƒ Xo¿∏m°p∂Xpw kw_‘n® Imcy߃; (_n) Pn√bnse hym]Iamb s]mXp kam[m\ `RvP\hpw, kam[m\w ]p\xÿm]n°epw kw_‘n® Imcy߃; (kn) Pn√bnse Hcp s]mXp ÿm]\Øns‚ Xncs™Sp∏v \SØn∏pambn _‘s∏´ Imcy߃; (Un) {]IrXn Zpc¥ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xpw {]IrXn Zpc¥ßfm¬ ZpcnXw A\p`hn°p∂hsc ]p\c[nhkn∏n°p∂Xpw kw_‘n® Imcy߃; (C) ]pdsa \n∂p≈ GsX¶nepw B{IaWßfm¬ D≠mIp∂ kmlNcyßfpambn _‘s∏´ Imcy߃; IqSmsX (F^v) GsX¶nepw Hcp hIp∏ns‚ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ hcmØXpw Pn√bnse BfpIfpsS s]mXphmb t£asØ _m[n°p∂Xpamb a‰p kam\amb Imcy߃; (2) A{]Imcap≈ GtIm]n∏n°ens‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v;,--(F)Bhiyambn hcptºmsgms° t]meokn¬ \n∂pw Pn√bpsS s]mXp `cWhpambn _‘s∏´ncn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfn¬ \n∂pw s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb kz`mhØnep≈ hnhc߃ Bhiys∏SpIbpw; (_n) t]meotkm a‰p GP≥knItfm B kmlNcyw ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xn\v kzoIcn® \S]SnIsf kw_‘n® dnt∏m¿´v Bhiys∏SpIbpw; (kn) Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ Imcyßsf kw_‘n®v t]meokn\pw _‘s∏´ GP≥knIƒ°pw A{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±i߃ \¬IpIbpw; (Un) t]meokns‚ Imcy£aamb {]h¿Ø\Øn\v GsX√mw hIp∏pIfpsS {]h¿Ø\amtWm Bhiyambn hcp∂Xv {]kvXpX hIp∏pIƒ F√mw Xs∂ Bhiyamb F√m klmbßfpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v \¬Ip∂ps≠∂v Dd∏m°pIbpw sNømhp∂XmWv. 20. t]meokv am\z¬.˛ (1) cq]t`Zs∏SpØmt\m d±m°phmt\m D≈ k¿°mcns‚ A[nImcØn\v hnt[bambn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v, ImemImeßfn¬, t]meokns‚ I¿ØhyßfpsSbpw NpaXeIfpsSbpw Imcy£aamb \n¿ΔlWØn\v th≠n s]mXphmbpw t]meokns‚ ta¬t\m´w, t]meokv tk\bpsS `cW \n¿ΔlWw, tk\bnse AwKßfpsStbm Hmtcm ]Zhnbnep≈hcpsStbm Hmtcm hn`mKØns‚tbm {]tXyI I¿Øhy߃, B¥cnI ]cntim[\m coXnIƒ, kq£n°s∏tS≠ tcJIƒ, Bbp[߃, D]IcW߃, I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\v Bhiyamb hkvXp°ƒ, clky hm¿ØIfpsSbpw hnhcßfpsSbpw tiJcWw, hn\nabw, I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlW coXn, A[nImc

Zp¿hn\ntbmKtam IrXyhntem]tam XSbp∂ coXn F∂nh kw_‘n®v {]tXyIn®pw, Cu BIv ‰ n\pw AXn\pIogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ Ãm‚nwKv Hm¿UdpIfpw am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw kamlcn∏n°mhp∂XpamWv. (2) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ DØchpIfpsSbpw am¿§\n¿t±ißfpsSbpw Ahbpambn _‘s∏´p ]pds∏Sphn°s∏´ GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿ DØchpIfpsSbpw \n¿t±ißfpsSbpw kamlcWw t]meokv am\z¬ F∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂XmWv. (3) GsX¶nepw kmlNcyØn¬ A{]Imcw BhiyamsW¶n¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ AwKoImcØn\p hnt[bambn am\zense GsX¶nepw hyhÿ t`ZKXn sNømhp∂XmWv. 21. {]tXyI hnwKpIƒ, bqWn‰pIƒ, {_m©pIƒ, kvIzmUpIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v s]mXphmbtXm, {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchphgn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm t]meokns‚ NpaXe \n¿Δln°p∂ a‰p≈hsctbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm s]mXphmbn t]meokns\tbm AhcpsS NpaXeIfnepw I¿Øhyßfnepw klmbn°p∂Xn\v k¿°m¿ DØchphgn \n›bn°mhp∂ AwKkwJy, B¥cnILSI߃, A[nImc߃, I¿Øhy߃, A[nImcnX, B¥cnItam _mlytam Bb ta¬t\m´ LS\ F∂nhtbmSpIqSnb GsX¶nepw hnwKv, kvs]jy¬ bqWn‰v, kvs]jyssekvUv {_m©v As√¶n¬ kvs]jy¬ kvIzmUv, apXembh cq]oIcn°mhp∂Xpw \ne\ndpØmhp∂XpamWv. (2) a‰p kwKXnIƒs°m∏w, k¿°mcn\v Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ C\n ]dbp∂ kwKXnIƒ°mbn bqWn‰pIƒ cq]oIcn°pItbm Ahbv°mbn {]tXyI {IaoIcW߃ \SØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv,˛ (F) tZiob kpc£sb {]Xy£amtbm, ]tcm£amtbm _m[n°p∂ clkyhm¿Ø tiJcn°pI, cmjv{S kpc£, {Iakam[m\]me\w, s]mXpkpc£m]me\w, Ip‰IrXy߃ XSb¬, a¿Ω {][m\amb ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw Xo{hhmZnIfn¬ \nt∂m `oIchmZnIfn\nt∂m ISpØ `ojWn t\cnSp∂ hy‡nIfpsSbpw kpc£; (_n) k¶o¿Ætam, \oNtam, {]amZtam, {]tXyI {]m[m\yap≈tXm Bb Ip‰IrXyßfpsS At\zjWw; (kn) {Sm^nIv \nb{¥Ww; (Un) XoctZiw, ]pg, Imb¬ {]tZiw \o¿ØS߃ F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´ t]meokv tkh\hpw hnt\mZk©mcnIfpsSbpw Xo¿∞mSIcpsSbpw kwc£WØn \mbp≈ t]meokv tkh\hpw; (C) sdbn¬thbnse t]meokv tkh\w;

(F^v) Ip‰IrXyßsfbpw Ip‰hmfnIsfbpw kw_‘n®v hnhchpw clkyhm¿Øbpw tiJcn°p∂Xpw ]cntim[n°p∂Xpw ]´nI Xømdm°epw AhbpsS hniIe\hpw _yqtdm Hm^v an nwKv t]gvk¨kns‚ {]h¿Ø\hpw; (Pn) t]meokv tÃj\pIfn¬ {]XnIfmtbm, Ip‰IrXyØn\v Ccbmbhtcm Bbn FØp∂ Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyI kpc£bv°mbn Pphss\¬ t]meokv bqWn‰v ; (F®v) Iºyq´dpIfpw a‰p UnPn‰¬ tkh\ßfpw sXcs™Sp°p∂Xn\pw, D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\pw, {]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw t]meokv Hm^okpIsfbpw DtZymKÿscbpw klmbn°pIbpw AXn\mbn Bhiyap≈ tkm^v ‰ v s hb¿ hnIkn∏ns®Sp°pIbpw sNøpI; (sF) t]meokv Bhiy߃°mbn sSenIΩyqWnt°js‚bpw UnPn‰hm¿Ømhn\nab irwJeIfpsSbpw ]cn]me\w; (sP) hnceSbmfw, t^mt´m{Km^n, GsX¶nepw UnPn‰¬ AYhm _tbmsa{SnIv sSIv\nIv F∂o am¿§ßfneqsS hy‡nIfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xncn®dnb¬; (sI) Pn√m t]meokntem Xt±i t]meokv tÃj\pIfntem t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXe icnbmb coXnbn¬ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\v Ft∏mgpw FhnsSbpw kwJym_ew IpdhmIptºmƒ hn\ykn°p∂Xn\mbn \√ hn[Øn¬ ]cnioe\w kn≤n®Xpw icnbmb B⁄mt{iWntbmSpIqSnbXpamb dnk¿Δv tk\bpsS ]cn]me\w; (F¬) ]pXnbXmbn \nban°s∏Sp∂h¿°pw k¿Δoknep≈h¿°pw t]meokv tkh\hpambn _‘s∏´ Imcyßfn¬, k¿°m¿ \n›bnt®°mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw hy‡nIƒ°pw kwLØn\pw D≈ ]cnioe\w; (Fw) Ip‰IrXyw, Zpc¥w, A]ISw apXembhbpambn _‘s∏´v {]XnIcn°Ø°hn[Øn¬ k÷am°nbn´p≈ I¨t{Smƒ dqapIƒ t]msebp≈ kvs]jyssekvUv dkvt]m¨kv bqWn‰pIƒ; (F≥) Xt±iobtam {]tXyIambtXm Bb GsX¶nepw \nbaw \S∏nem°As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv {]tXyIambn \nbaw \S∏nem°¬; (H) UnPn‰¬ B‚ v ssk_¿ t]meoknwKv; (]n) t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw NpaXeIfnepw ^e{]Zambn klmbn°p∂Xn\v t^md≥knIv klmbItkh\߃; (Iyq) `cW]cw, [\Imcyw, tUmIypsat‚j≥ F∂o Imcyßfnep≈ \S]SnIfneqsS t]meokv {]h¿Ø\߃°pth≠nbp≈ `cW]camb klmbI tkh\߃;

(B¿) hnhn[XcØnep≈ Hm^okpIfpsSbpw t]meokv ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ klmbn°p∂Xn\pw AhiytPmenIfmb hrØnbm°¬, shSn∏m°¬, ]mNIw, D]IcWßfpsSbpw {]tZißfpsSbpw ]cn]me\w apXembhbv°pw Bhiyamb s]mXphmb klmbI tkh\߃; (Fkv) hnhn[ t]meokv tkh\ßfpambn _‘s∏´ kmaqlnIhpw sXmgn¬]chpamb Imcy߃°pw B[p\nI t]meokv tkh\Øns‚ hnImkØn\pw \nhmcW At\zjWmflI kt¶X߃°pw th≠nbp≈ ]T\ßfpw KthjW hnIk\ klmbhpw.

(3) k¿°m¿ Cu bqWn‰pIsf k÷am°pIbpw AØcw bqWn‰pIsf kt¶XnIhpw sXmgn¬]chpamb £aXbpsS D∂X \nehmcØn¬ {]h¿Øn°phm≥ {]m]vXam°p∂Xn\v DtZymKÿ¿°v Bhiyamb ]cnioe\ {IaoIcW߃ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw sNtø≠XmWv. (4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ cq]oIcn°s∏´ AØcw bqWn‰pIfn¬ k¿°m¿ hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂ {]Imcap≈ DtZymK]Zhnbnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿtcm t]meoknXc DtZymKÿtcm c≠pwIqSntbm Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw k¿°mcn\v AhcpsS tkh\ hyhÿIƒ, Ah¿°p \¬tI≠Xmb {]tXyI Aeh≥kpIƒ, Bhiyamb {]tXyI tbmKyXIƒ, sshZKv≤yw Ah¿°v hy‡nKXamtbm Iq´mtbm e`yamt°≠ {]tXyI kuIcy߃ F∂nh \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. 22. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v kzbw IogptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhy߃ \n¿Δln°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Xs‚ IogptZymKÿ\v \nba{]Imctam \nba{]Imcap≈ DØchv hgntbm G¬∏n®psImSp°s∏´ GsXmcp NpaXebpw kzbw \n¿Δln°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcap≈ IogptZymKÿ\v GsX¶nepw I¿Øhy߃ G¬∏n°s∏´n´p≈ kwKXnbn¬ taeptZymKÿ\mb Hcp t]meokv B^ok¿°v, Bhiysa∂p t_m≤yamIp∂]£w, \nba]me\Øn\v IqSpX¬ ]q¿Ætam kuIcy{]Ztam Bb {]`mhw \¬Ip∂Xnt\m \nbaewL\w Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m Bhiysat∂m bp‡sat∂m DØat_m≤yaps≠¶n¬, AbmfpsS kz¥w \S]Sn aptJ\tbm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS B⁄bpsStbm A[nImcØns‚tbm Iogn\nba]cambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ \S]Sn aptJ\tbm Xs‚ IogptZymKÿs‚ \S]Snsb klmbn°pItbm ]cnt]mjn∏n°pItbm AXnewLn°pItbm XSbpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 23. {Iakam[m\Øn¬ \n∂pw At\zjWw th¿Xncn°¬ ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, Hcp {]tZisØ P\kwJytbm \nehnep≈ kmlNcytam IW°nseSpØv hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂ AØcw {]tZiØv thKØnep≈Xpw ^e{]Zhpw s{]m^jWepamb At\zjWw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn DØchphgn {Iakam[m\ ]cn]me\ NpaXebp≈ t]meokn\n∂pw At\zjW NpaXebp≈ t]meokns\ th¿Xncn°mhp∂XmWv.

(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tk\bpsS th¿Xncn°s∏´ c≠v hn`mKßfpsSbpw kºq¿Æamb GtIm]\w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv. 24. kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥.˛ (1) k¿°m¿. Kk‰v hn⁄m]\whgn Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \njvI¿jn°s∏´n´p≈ NpaXeIfpw I¿Øhyßfpw \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\pambn Hcp kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥ cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) IΩoj\n¬ C\n ]dbp∂ AwK߃ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛ (i) B`y¥c hIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n, IΩojs‚ sNb¿am\mbncn°p∂XmWv; (ii) \nbahIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n; (iii) {]Xn]£ t\Xmhv; (iv) tIcfm sslt°SXn No^v PÃnkv \ma\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ Hcp dn´tb¿Uv sslt°mSXn PUvPn; (v) No^v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym; (vi) B`y¥c hIp∏v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym; (vii) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym; (viii) {Iakam[m\ ]me\w, `cW \n¿ΔlWw, a\pjymhImi߃, \nbaw, kmaqlytkh\w, s]mXp`cW \SØn∏v F∂nhbn¬ hn]peamb hn⁄m\hpw ]cnNbhpapff s]mXp PohnXØnse {]apJcmb hy‡nIfn¬ \n∂pw Kh¿Æ¿ \ma \n¿t±iw sNøp∂ aq∂v A\utZymKnI AwK߃ Ahcn¬ Hcmƒ h\nXbmbncnt°≠ XmWv; (3) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn IΩojs‚ sk{I´dnbmbncn°p∂XmWv. (4) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hmtcm AwKhpw cmPnbmtem, acWØmtem a‰v hn[Øntem t\ctØ Xs∂ AhcpsS ÿm\w HgnhmImØ]£w A©v h¿j°metØ°v ÿm\w hlnt°≠Xpw ]p\¿\ma\n¿t±iØn\v tbmKycmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (5) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hcp AwKw aXnbmb ImcWan√msX XpS¿®bmbn IΩojs‚ ap∂n¬ IqSpX¬ tbmKßfn¬ lmPcmImØ]£w IΩojs‚ sNb¿am\v AØcw AwKsØ IΩojs‚ AwKXzØn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNømhp∂XmWv: F∂m¬, AØcw \o°w sNøens\Xnsc ImcWw ImWn°m≥ \ymbamb Hcp Ahkcw \¬Inbtija√msX bmsXmcwKsØbpw Cu D]hIp∏ns‚ hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw \o°w sNøm≥ ]mSpffX√.

(6) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ GsXmcp AwKØn\pw cmPnhbv°m\pff Xs‚ Dt±iyw sNb¿am\v tcJmaqew t\m´okv \¬Ins°m≠v A{]Imcw sNømhp∂Xpw A{]Imcapff cmPn kzoIcn°s∏´m¬ AwKw ÿm\samgn™Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠XpamWv. (7) kpc£m IΩoj\nep≠mIp∂ HgnhpIƒ aq∂v amkØn\Iw \nItØ≠XmWv. (8) IΩoj≥ AXnt‚Xmb {]h¿ØnIfpsS \S]Sn{Iaßfpw Imcy\n¿ΔlWhpw {IaoIcnt°≠XmWv. (9) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥ AwK߃°v \¬tI≠Xmb ^okpw _ØIfpw AhcpsS tkh\ hyhÿIfpw \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ {]Imcambncn°pw.

25. IΩojs‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ (1) IΩoj\v C\n∏dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛(F) kwÿm\Øv t]meokv tk\ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\pff s]mXphmb \b]camb am¿§\n¿t±i߃°v cq]w \¬IpI; (_n) t]meokns‚ Ip‰IrXy \nhmcW ZuXyØns‚bpw tkh\m[njv T nX {]h¿Ø\ßfpsSbpw \SØn∏n\mbn \n¿t±i߃ \¬IpI; (kn) s]mXphn¬ kwÿm\sØ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\w ImemImeßfnhnebncpØpI. (Un) IΩojs‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°pIbpw k¿°mcn\v ka¿∏n°pIbpw sNøpI; (C) kwÿm\ t]meokn¬ ImemImeßfn¬ D≠mtI≠ am‰ßƒ°v am¿§\n¿t±iw Xømdm°n \¬IpI; (F^v) k¿°m¿ G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°pI. (2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v (Un) JWvUØn≥Iogn¬ IΩoj≥ ka¿∏n°p∂ dnt∏m¿´v sXm´SpØv hcp∂ ktΩf\Øn¬ \nbak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv. (3) IΩojs‚ bmsXmcp {]hrØntbbpw \S]SnItfbpw, Aßs\bpff {]hrØntbm \S]SnItfm sNbvXtXm ]pds∏Sphn®tXm Bb kabØv IΩoj\n¬ GsX¶nepw Hgnhp≠mbncp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Akm[phmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSpffX√.

(4) IΩoj≥ ]pds∏Sphn® GsX¶nepw am¿§\n¿t±ißtfm \n¿t±ißtfm \nehneps≠¶nepw Hcp ASnb¥ncL´w t\cnSp∂Xn\mbn kμ¿`w A{]Imcw Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w, k¿°mcn\v GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_‘n®v k¿°m¿ Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ \n¿t±i߃ \nbam\pkcWw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv. (5) IΩojs‚ \n¿t±i߃ t]meokv hIp∏n\v _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv: F∂m¬, k¿°mcn\v ImcW߃ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbXn\ptijw IΩojs‚ GsXmcp ip]m¿isbtbm \n¿t±isØtbm ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm \nckn°pItbm cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 26. t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\w hnebncpج.˛ (1) kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥, ap≥ kmºØnI h¿jØnse t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\w hnebncpØp∂Xn\pw ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØnte°pff {]h¿Ø\ \nehmcw \n¿t±in°p∂Xn\pambn t]meokv {]h¿Ø\ßfntem s]mXp`cWØntem tkmtjymfPn As√¶n¬ {Inant\mfPn ]T\ßfntem kp]cnNnXcmb aq∂p hnZKv[¿ ASßp∂ Hcp ]m\ens\ Hmtcm h¿jhpw \nbant°≠XmWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw \nban°s∏Sp∂ ]m\ense AwK߃ XpS¿®bmbn c≠v XhWbn¬ IqSpX¬ AwKßfmbn XpScphm≥ ]mSpffX√.

(3) Ip‰IrXyßfpsS cPnÿ sNø¬, t_m[]q¿Δw ]cnanXs∏SpØnb Ip‰IrXy ÿnXnhnhc°W°pIƒ t]meokv Xømdm°p∂Xv \ncp’mls∏SpØn, Ip‰IrXy߃ Ipd™phcp∂p F∂v kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\mbn AØcw IW°pIƒ sXfnhmsbSp°p∂Xv Hgnhm°m≥ {i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokv hIp∏nse a\pjytijnhn\ntbmKhpw hn`hhn\ntbmKhpw t]meokv \¬Ip∂ hnhn[ tkh\ßfpw t]meokns‚ G√m taJeIfnepapff {]h¿Ø\ßfpw kw_‘n®v KpWta∑\nehmc߃ BhjvIcn°m≥ {i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃ hnebncpØp∂Xn\mbn kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj\v am\ZWvU߃ \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. (4) kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥ Hmtcm h¿jhpw ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØnhnhn[ bqWn‰pIfpw imJIfpw ssIhcnt°≠Xmb I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlW\nehmcw \n›bnt°≠Xpw BbXv \S∏pkmºØnI h¿jw am¿®v amkw H∂mw XobXn°papºmbn _‘s∏´hsc Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.

A≤ymbw v t]meokptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw 27. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyw ˛ X∂n¬ `cta¬∏n°s∏´ IrXy\n¿ΔlW taJebn¬, Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \njvI¿jn°s∏´ t]meokv NpaXeIƒ Imcy£aambpw ^e{]Zambpw \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\pth≠n \ymbbp‡hpw \nbam\pkrXhpamb F√m {]hrØnIfpw Gs‰Spt°≠Xv Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚bpw I¿Øhyambncn°p∂XmWv. 28. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ {]XnIcWw ˛ Uyq´nbnembncn°p∂ Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw am\knIhpw imcocnIhpambn PmKcqIambncnt°≠Xpw t]meokns‚ NpaXeIfpsS \n¿ΔlWw \nbam\pkrXw Bhiyap≈ GsX¶nepw kmlNcyw AbmfpsS {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\mbn {]mtbmKnIambn Ignbp∂nStØmfw thKØn¬ {]XnIcnt°≠XpamWv. 29. t]meokptZymKÿcpsS s]cpam‰w ˛ (1) Uyq´nbnep≈ F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpP\ßtfmSp≈ CSs]SepIfn¬ acymZbpw HuNnXyhpw AhktcmNnXamb klm\p`qXnbpw {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw k`yhpw am\yhpamb `mj D]tbmKnt°≠XpamWv. (2) \nba]camb GsX¶nepw Dt±iyw \ndth‰p∂Xn\v th≠nb√msX t]meokptZymKÿ¿ B¿s°¶nepw FXncmbn _e{]tbmKw \SØphmt\m _e{]tbmKw \SØpsat∂m As√¶n¬ {]XnIqeamb GsX¶nepw t]meokv \S]Sntbm \nba\S]Sntbm kzoIcn°pw Ft∂m Btcbpw `ojWns∏SpØphmt\m ]mSp≈X√.

(3) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Ip‰IrXyØn\ncbmbhtcmSv {]tXyIamb klm\p`qXn s]cpam‰Øn¬ {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw kv{XoIƒ, Ip´nIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, IgnhpIfnhyXykvXcmbh¿ F∂nhcpsS {]tXyImhiy߃°v ]cnKW\ \¬Ip∂hcpambncnt°≠XmWv. (4) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ A\mhiyamb B{IatWm’pIXm {]IS\w h¿÷nt°≠Xpw {]tIm]\ap≠mbm¬ Xs∂bpw Bfl\nb{¥Wan√mØ s]cpam‰w Hgnhmt°≠XpamWv. (5) t]meokptZymKÿcpsS ]cnNcWØntem IÃUnbntem D≈ BtcmSpw tamiambn s]cpamdphmt\m k`ya√mØ `mj D]tbmKn°phmt\m ]mSpffX√.

(6) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ s]mXp ÿeØv {]Xy£s∏Sptºmƒ imcocnIambn kpk÷cmbncnt°≠Xpw, GsX¶nepw NpaXe ipjvIm¥ntbmSpIqSn B kabw \n¿Δln®Xpaqea√msX, aen\ambtXm hyØntbm shSnt∏m C√mØtXm Bb Ahÿbne√ F∂v kzbw {i≤n®v Dd∏mt°≠XpamWv.

30. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ \√ BtcmKyÿnXn ImØp kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb \√ BtcmKy\ne ImØpkq£nt°≠XmWv. (2) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v , Cu hnjbw kw_‘n®v k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphnt®°mhp∂ GsX¶nepw \n¿t±iØn\v hnt[bambn, {]mbw, enwKt`Zw, tPmenbpsS kz`mhw, s]mXp kaqlØn¬ s]mXpsh \nehnep≈ Ahÿ F∂nhbv°v aXnbmb ]cnKW\ \¬Ins°m≠v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ImØpkq£nt°≠ imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb ImcytijnbpsS \nehmcw hn\n¿tZin°mhp∂XmWv. (3) GsX¶nepw ]cnt°m NpaXem\n¿ΔlWtam NpaXem\n¿ΔlWØn\nSbnt\cn´ kmlNcyw aqetam Zo¿L\mfsØ AkpJw sImt≠m (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw hn\n¿t±in°s∏´ \nehmcw ImØpkq£n°p∂Xn\v km[n°p∂n√ F¶n¬ bmsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿt\mSpw, imcocnI \nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂Xn¬ hogvNhcpØn F∂ ImcWØm¬ hnthN\w ImWn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√: F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ \n¿Æbn°p∂ am\ZWvU߃°pw \S]Sn{Ia߃°pw hnt[bambn t]meokv tPmen sNøphm≥ imcocnIhpw am\knIhpw Bb Imcytijn C√mØ Hcmsf \n¿_‘nX s]≥jt\m {]tXyI B\pIqeyßtfm \¬In k¿Δokn\n∂v hnSpX¬ sNømhp∂XmWv. (4) k¿°m¿, tIcfmt]meoknse AwK߃°nSbn¬ am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb BtcmKyw h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\v t{]m’ml\hpw ASnÿm\ kuIcyßfpw \¬Ip∂ {]tXyI kwhn[m\߃ hn`htijnbv°v hnt[bambn G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv. 31. t]meokv hnhc߃ clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw hy‡nbpsStbm ÿm]\Øns‚tbm {]h¿Ø\߃ kw_‘n®v t]meokv AhcpsS I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ tiJcn°p∂ F√m hnhcßfpw, GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI Bhiy߃°v D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂Xn\√msX, clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmWv. (2) Ip‰IrXy߃ I≠p]nSn°p∂Xnt\m XSbp∂Xnt\m th≠n hnhc߃ {]kn≤s∏SpØp∂Xv HutZymKnI Bhiyßfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv. (3) ]{Xßfntem GsX¶nepw Zriyam[yaßfntem {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xn\v th≠n kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS A\paXnbn√msX IÃUnbnep≈ hy‡nIsf {]Z¿in∏n°phmt\m AhcpsS t^mt´m FSp°p∂Xv A\phZn°phmt\m ]{XktΩf\w \SØphmt\m ]mSp≈X√.

32. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ hniZoIcW _m≤yX ˛ (1) GsXmcp Bfnt\m As√¶nAbmfpsS Xmev]cyw kwc£n°p∂ GsX¶nepw {]Xn\n[nt°m, Xs‚ icocsØtbm, kzØns\tbm, Io¿Ønsbtbm {]XnIqeambn _m[n® GsXmcp t]meokv \S]SnbpsSbpw ImcWw At\zjn°p∂Xn\pw Adnbp∂Xn\pw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, GsX¶nepw Hcmfns‚ icocsØtbm kzØnt\tbm Io¿Øntbtbm A]mbs∏SpØphmt\m Ahsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°phmt\m km≤yXbp≈ GsXmcp {]hrØn sNøptºmgpw AØcw {]hrØnsb \nb{¥n°p∂ GsX¶nepw \nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv {]Imctam Hmtcm {]tXyI kmlNcyØnepw \ymbambn {]mtbmKnIamb coXnbn¬ Xs‚ \S]SnIƒ kw_‘n®v tcJIƒ Xømdm°n kq£nt°≠XmWv; F∂m¬, \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ At\zjWØnt\m, hnNmcWbvt°m cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£mXmev]cyØnt\m, lm\nIcamIpsa∂ ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw Bfn\v hnhcw \¬ImXncn°p∂Xn\v Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ XS ambncn°bn√.

33. t]meokn\pw s]mXpP\߃°pw HmUntbm, hoUntbm, As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ kq£n®p hbv°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meokn\v AhcpsS NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\nSbn¬ sNbvX GsXmcp {]hrØnbpsSbpw HmUntbm, hoUntbm As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ Xømdm°n kq£n°mhp∂Xpw Aßs\bp≈ dn°m¿UpIƒ t]meokv \S]SnbpsS kXymhÿ tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂ GsXmcp \S]Sn{Iaßfnepw D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂XpamWv. (2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcy ÿetØm \S°p∂ GsX¶nepw t]meokv {]h¿Ø\Øns‚tbm \S]SnbpsStbm HmUntbm, hoUntbm As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ s]mXpP\ßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw \nbahnt[bambn FSp°p∂Xns\ XSbphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

34. t]meokn\v ]cmXn Fßs\ \¬IWsa∂v . ˛ 1973 se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v ) hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meokn\p≈ Hcp ]cmXn hmMvaqetam tcJaqeamtbm BwKyØneqsStbm ASbmfØneqsStbm As√¶n¬ UnPn‰tem CeIvt{SmWnt°m Bb D]m[nIfneqsStbm \¬Imhp∂Xpw ]cmXnbnt∑¬ _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ DNnXamb \nba\S]Sn FSp°phm≥ _m≤yÿ\mbncn°p∂XpamWv.

35. km£nItfmSv t]meokv am\yambn s]cpamtd≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) \nbam\pkrXambn Xm≥ HutZymKnIambn Bcmtb≠p∂ GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_‘n®v hkvXpXIfpw kmlNcyßfpw GsX¶nepw Bfn\v Adnhps≠¶n¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v AØcw Bfns\ A\mhiyambn _p≤nap´n°p∂n√ F∂v Dd∏m°nsIm≠v B Bfnt\mSv A°mcyw Bcm™v Adnbp∂Xn\p≈ \S]Sn FSp°mhp∂XmWv. (2) km[mcWbmbn, AØcw F√m BfpIsfbpw, AhcpsS XmakÿetØm tPmen ÿetØm Ah¿ AhnsS D≈t∏mƒ kao]nt°≠Xpw Cu BhiyØn\mbn Ip´nIsftbm, kv{XoIsftbm, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑msctbm t]meokv tÃj\nte°v hnfn®phcpØphm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv. (3) GsX¶nepw hkvXpXtbm kmlNcytam Bcm™dnbp∂Xn\mbn t]meokns\ klmbnt°≠n h∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v GsX¶nepw Znhkw Xs‚ thX\w \jvSamIp∂{X KuchXcamb AkuIcyw D≠mIpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ°v {Inan\¬ PÃnkv an te\nbkv FIv k v s ]≥kkv ^≠n¬ \n∂v s]mXphmbn \n¿Æbnt®°mhp∂ am\ZWvU߃°p hnt[bambn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn \n›bn°p∂ XpI \¬tI≠XmWv. 36. Bhiys∏´m¬ Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\p≈ hy‡nhnhc߃ \¬tI≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ aXnbmb ImcWßfm¬ Bhiys∏´m¬ GsXmcmfpw Xs∂ Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\p≈ hy‡nhnhc߃ \¬tI≠XmWv. (2) Hcp hy‡nbpsS Xncn®dnb¬ Dd∏m°p∂Xn\mhiyamb DNnXhpw \ymbhpamb \S]SnIƒ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw Cu BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm kμ¿`Øn\pw DNnXamb coXnbn¬ Aßs\bp≈ hy‡n]camb Xncn®dnb¬ tcJIƒ {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿ\v krjvSn°pItbm Xømdm°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv. (3) bmsXmcmfnt\bpw Abmƒ \¬Inb Xncn®dnbhnhc߃ ]cntim[nt°≠Xps≠∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Cu hIp∏p {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw ImcWam°n Hcp coXnbnepw AdÃpsNøphmt\m IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°phmt\m k©mc \nb{¥WØn\v hnt[b\m°mt\m ]mSp≈X√.

(4) Cu hIp∏p {]Imcw A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°p∂ F√m t]meokptZymKÿcpw kzbw a‰p≈h¿°v ImWØ° hn[Øn¬ Xncn®dnb¬ _mUvPv As√¶n¬ Im¿Uv [cn®ncnt°≠Xpw Bsc¶nepw Bhiys∏´m¬ Aßs\bp≈ HutZymKnI Xncn®dnbtcJ Ahsc ImWnt°≠XpamWv. 37. kzImcy ÿeßfn¬ t]meokn\p≈ {]thi\w.˛ kpc£ Dd∏m°p∂Xnt\m Bk∂amb A]ISw Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m th≠n Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw BNmcw, acymZ, kzImcyX, HuNnXyw F∂nhbv°v X°Xmb ]cnKW\ \¬Ins°m≠v, icnsb∂pw aXnbmbsX∂pw Aßs\bp≈ DtZymKÿ\p \ymboIcW _m≤yÿXbpw DØchmZnXzhpw D≈ ImcWaps≠¶n¬, GsXmcp kzImcy ÿeØpw {]thi\ap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv:

F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, Cu A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°p∂Xn\p apºv, sI´nSØns‚bpw ]cnkcØns‚bpw NpaXebp≈ hy‡nbpsS klIcWhpw kΩXhpw t\Sm≥ km≤yamIp∂nStØmfw {iant°≠XmWv. 38. Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xn\v t]meokv CSs]tS≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ AbmfpsS km∂n≤yØntem kao]tØm \S∂p sIm≠ncn°p∂tXm \S°m≥ t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw AbmfpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n \nba]cambn CSs]´v XStb≠Xpw Ahkm\n∏nt°≠XpamWv. (2) Cu BhiyØn\mbn Abmƒ°v ÿeØp≈ GsX¶nepw Imbi‡nbp≈ {]mb]q¿Ønbmb hy‡nbpsS tkh\w \nbam\pkrXw Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw \ymbamb ImcWan√msX bmsXmcmfpw ÿeØv k∂nlnX\mb DtZymKÿ≥ \¬Inb A{]Imcap≈ \nbam\pkrXhpw \ymbhpamb \n¿t±i߃ A\pkcn°mXncn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p.

(3) A{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±i߃ A\pkcn°mXncp∂p F∂ ImcWw sIm≠pam{Xw Hcp hy‡nsb Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw AdÃv sNømt\m \o°w sNømt\m ]mSp≈X√. am{Xa√ Bhiys∏´ tkh\w X’abw \¬Inbn√ F∂ ImcWØm¬ Abmƒs°Xncmbn Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ap≥Iq¿ A\paXnbn√msX bmsXmcp \nba \S]SnIfpw kzoIcn°m\pw ]mSn√mØXmIp∂p.

39. t]meokns‚ \nba{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±i߃ ]ment°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Cu BIv ‰ n≥ Iognep≈ Xs‚ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\pth≠n Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \¬Ip∂ \nba{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±i߃ F√mhcpw ]ment°≠XmWv. (2) \nbaw A\pimkn°p∂ GsX¶nepw \n¿t±iw A\pkcn°s∏Sp∂p F∂pd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v Cu BIvt‰m AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam, dKptejt\m, DØcthm {]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\n¬ \n£n]vXamb GsX¶nepw \nbam\pkrX NpaXe \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\nSbv°v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v,˛ (F) GsX¶nepw \nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw \nbaØn≥ IognD≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam DØcthm {]Imctam in£m¿lamb Hcp Ip‰IrXyw sNøm≥ Hcpßp∂ Hcmƒ°v AXv XSbp∂Xn\mbn ap∂dnbn∏p \¬Imhp∂XmWv; (_n) GsXmcp BtfmSpw, Abmƒ kz¥w ImcyØntem as‰mcmfpsS ImcyØntem Xs‚ NpaXebnep≈ GsX¶nepw ImcyØntem {]h¿Ønt°≠ coXn \n¿Æbn°p∂ GsXmcp \nbahpw ]men°phm≥ Bhiys∏Smhp∂XmWv;

(kn) (F)˛bpw (_n)˛bpw C\ßfnse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, Ip‰w sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ Ip‰IrXyw sNbvXtXm Bb GsXmcmtfbpw, Aßs\bp≈ AdÃv \nbam\pkrXw BhiyamsW∂v IcpXp∂]£w, AdÃv sNømhp∂XmWv; (Un) Ip‰IrXyw sNøm\p]tbmKn®tXm, AXn\pth≠n DS≥ D]tbmKn°m≥ t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphpw ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv; (C) GsX¶nepw Hcp hkvXphpambn _‘s∏´v Hcp Ip‰IrXyw \S∂n´ps≠¶n¬, AØcØnep≈ Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m AtX∏‰n At\zjWw \SØp∂Xnt\m, AØcw ]nSns®Sp°¬ BhiyamsW¶n¬, B hkvXp ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv. 40. t]meokn\v \o°w sNømsa∂v.˛(1) s]mXpP\߃ lmPcp≈ ÿeØv At©m AXne[nItam BfpIƒ, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \¬Inb GsX¶nepw \n¿t±iw sNdpØp \n¬°pItbm \nckn°pItbm As√¶n¬ Ah ]men°p∂Xn¬ hogvN hcpØpItbm sNbvXm¬, {]kvXpX t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Cu BIv‰nsetbm at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØnsetbm GsX¶nepw hyhÿ {]Imcw Abmƒ°v ssIs°m≈mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw \S]Snsb _m[n°msX Xs∂, AØcw BfpIsf s]mXpP\߃°v {]thi\ap≈Xpw kao]Øp≈Xpw ]ckys∏SpØnbXpamb Hcp ÿetØ°v \o°w sNøn°mhp∂Xpw, AhcpsS t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Bcm™v Adn™v tcJs∏SpØnbXn\ptijw, Ahsc F{Xbpw thKw hn´bbvt°≠XpamWv: F∂m¬, bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw A{]Imcw \o°w sNbvXhsc aq∂p aWn°qdnIqSpX¬ kq£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(2) aq∂p aWn°qdpIƒ°Iw hn´b°s∏Sp∂ Aßs\bp≈ Iq´mb \o°w sNøHcp Ip‰IrXysØ kw_‘n® AdÃmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

41. {]tXyI A[nImcs∏Spج Bhiyap≈ Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ t]meokv \S]Sn. ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Xs‚ ]Zhnbmtem A[nImcnXbmtem AdÃpsNøphmt\m ]nSns®Sp°phmt\m GsX¶nepw {]tXyI \nba{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØnbn´n√mØ GsX¶nepw sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Øn¬ {]Xy£Øn¬Xs∂ hy‡ambn Dƒs∏´ Hcmsftbm hkvXphns\tbm, \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\v \nba]cambn £aXbp≈ as‰mcp t]meokv DtZymKÿt\m A[nImcntbm hs∂Øn \nba{]Imcw \S]SnIƒ FSp°p∂Xv km≤yam°p∂Xn\pth≠n, ]camh[n BdpaWn°q¿ kabtØ°v ImØpkq£n°m hp∂XmWv. (2) ta¬ D]hIp∏p {]Imcw e`yamb A[nImcw Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv Abmƒ A{]Imcw {]h¿Øn®ns√¶n¬ £aXbp≈ DtZymKÿs‚tbm A[nImcnbpsStbm A`mhwaqew Ip‰hmfn c£s∏Sphmt\m sXfnhpIƒ \in∏n°s∏Sphmt\m \ymbamb km≤yXbp≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ am{Xambncnt°≠XmWv.

(3) A{]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ {]h¿Øn°ptºmƒ BbXv \ymbamb {]mtbmKnIXbv ° v hnt[bambn ÿeØv e`yamb tbmKycmb km£nIfpsS km∂n≤yØnepw Bfns\tbm hkvXphns\tbm ImØpkq£nt°≠Xv B {]tXyI kmlNcyØn¬ \ymbhpw bp‡hpw DNnXhpamb ÿeØpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv. 42. {Iakam[m\]me\hpw A]mb߃ XSbepw.˛(1) GsX¶nepw ÿeØv KpcpXcamb {IacmlnXytam kam[m\ ewL\tam, IqSnbncn°p∂ P\߃°v {]ISambXpw DS≥ kw`hn°mhp∂Xpamb A]mbtam XSbp∂Xn\pth≠n AØcw ÿeØp k∂nlnX\mb A[nImcnXbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, Abmƒ°v Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ \ymbamb \n¿t±i߃ AØcw ÿeßfnse BfpIfpsS s]cpam‰w kw_‘n®v \¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw \n¿t±i߃ F√m BfpIfpw ]men°phm≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (2) GXp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ {]m_eyØnhcpØp∂Xn\mbn, s]mXpP\km∂n≤yap≈ kzImcy ÿm]\߃ Dƒs∏sSbp≈, F√m s]mXpÿeßfnte°pw kzX{¥amb {]thi\ap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 43. t]meokv bqWnt^mw hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂Xpw Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw, hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Ww F∂ Bhiyw ap≥\n¿Øn, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈ s]mXphmb AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, F√m ]Zhnbnepw hn`mKßfnepw D≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw F¥mbncn°Ww F∂v hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. (2) bqWnt^mw [cnt°≠ kμ¿`ßfpw coXnbpw bqWnt^mw \n¿_‘ambpw [cn®ncnt°≠Xpw C—m\pkcWw [cnt°≠Xpw [cnt°≠Xn√mØXpamb tPmenIfpw GsX∂v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. (3) t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Ft∏mgpw Xs‚ bqWnt^mw DNnXhpw tbmKyhpw tISp]mSpIƒ C√mØXpw Bb ÿnXnbn¬, hrØntbmSpIqSn kq£nt°≠XmWv. (4) HutZymKnI Bhiy߃°mbn Aßs\ sNøp∂ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\√mØ bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv { X kw_‘nbmbtXm Bb BhiyØn\√msX, t]meokv bqWnt^mtam, t]meokv bqWnt^mw F∂ tXm∂Dfhm°p∂tXm Bb bmsXmcp thjhpw [cn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXmWv.

(5) Hcp {]tXyI thjw AØcsamcp tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv, B thjw [cn®ncn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n Hcp \nco£I\n¬ \n∂v kpam¿ Ccp]Ønb©v ao‰¿ AIse \n¬°ptºmƒ B thj[mcn bqWnt^mw [cn® Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\msW∂v \nco£I\v tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Xocpam\nt°≠XmWv. 44. t]meokv Uyq´n hml\߃ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂Xpw Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v, k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈ AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, t]meokv hml\߃ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw s]mXpP\߃°v Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Wsa∂ Bhiyw ap≥\n¿Øn Hmtcm t]meokv Uyq´n hml\Øns‚bpw \ndw, ASbmf߃, k÷oIcW߃, hml\Øns‚ `mKambn LSn∏nt°≠ D]IcW߃ F∂nh hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. (2) hn\n¿t±in°s∏´ cq]Ønep≈ t]meokns‚ F√m Uyq´n hml\ßfpw ASnb¥nctam {][m\ambtXm Bb at‰sX¶nepw tPmenbn¬ B kabw hym]rXas√¶nGsXmcmfns‚bpw ASnb¥ncamb klmbm`y¿∞\tbmSv {]XnIcn®v \ymbhpw kμ¿t`mNnXhpamb t]meokv klmbw \¬tI≠Xn\mbn D]tbmKs∏SptØ≠XmWv. (3) HutZymKnI BhiyØn\mbn Aßs\ sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\√mØ bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv{Xkw_‘ntbm Bb BhiyØn\√msX GsXmcp hml\tØbpw AXv Hcp t]meokv hml\amsW∂ tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂ ÿnXnbnkq£n°phmt\m D]tbmKn°phmt\m ]mSn√mØXpw Hcp \n¿±njvS hml\w AØcsamcp tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv B hml\Øn¬ \n∂v kpam¿ \qdv ao‰¿ AIse \n¬°p∂ Hcp km[mcW \nco£I\v, {]kvXpX hml\w t]meokns‚ Uyq´n hml\ambn tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ\v Xocpam\n°mhp∂XmWv. 45. {]iv\_m[nX {]tZißfn¬ {]tXyI A[nImc߃ ˛ (1) h¿§obtam cmjv{Sobtam Bb ImcWßfmtem A{IaØmtem `oIc{]h¿Ø\tam tZihncp≤Xtbm aqetam GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv A{Iaßfpw, hn[zwkI {]h¿Ø\ßfpw s]mXpkzØv \in∏n°epw hym]Iambpw Zp lambpw _m[n®m¬, k¿°mcn\v, B {]tZisØ Hcp {]iv\_m[nX {]tZiambn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Hcp {]tZiw {]iv\_m[nX {]tZiambn {]Jym]n°s∏´m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn \ntbmKn°p∂Xpw sU]yq´n t]meokv kq{]≠ns‚ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØXpamb DtZymKÿ\v {Iakam[m\ ]me\Øns‚ Xm¬∏cym¿∞w,˛

(F) B {]tZiØv BfpIfpsSbpw hml\ßfpsSbpw k©mcØn\v \ymbamb ]cnanXnIƒ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw; (_n) B {]tZiØv GsX¶nepw BfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃°v \nb{¥Ww G¿s∏SpØnbns√¶n¬ Abmƒ {Iakam[m\ ]me\Øn\v `wKw hcpØp∂ {]h¿Ø\߃ \SØpsa∂v t]meokn\v hkvXpXm]cambn t_m≤yap≈ ]£w, Abmƒ FhnsSbmWv F∂v Abmƒ, t]meokns\ t]meokv \n¿t±in°p∂ coXnbn¬ Adnbn®p sIm≠ncn°Wsa∂v Abmƒ°v DØchv \¬IpIbpw; (kn) B {]tZiØv Bbp[ßfpsSbpw kvt^mSIhkvXp°fpsSbpw ssek≥kv kkvs]‚ v sNøpIbpw, ssek≥kv D≈htcmSv AhcpsS Bbp[߃ kq£n°phm≥ t]meokns\ G¬∏n°m≥ \n¿t±in°pIbpw; (Un) B {]tZitØ°v {]thin°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ AhnsS \n∂v hn´pt]mIp∂tXm Bb GsXmcmsftbm, hml\sØtbm, Is≠bv\sdtbm ]cntim[n∏n°pIbpw; sNømhp∂XmWv. 46. AdÃv sNøs∏´hcpsS taep≈ \nb{¥Ww.-˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Abmƒ AdÃv sNbvXbmƒ IÃUnbn¬ \n∂pw \nbahncp≤ambn c£s∏Sp∂n√m F∂v Dd∏phcpØphm≥ DNnXamb _‘\ kwhn[m\߬ D]tbmKn°mhp∂Xpw Aßs\ c£s∏Sm≥ {ian°p∂ Bƒs°Xncmbn Bhiyamb _e{]tbmKw \SØmhp∂XpamWv. (2) AdÃv sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, AdÃv sNøs∏´bmƒ ssIhneßne√mØ]£w IÃUnbn¬ \n∂pw c£s∏Spsat∂m a‰p≈hsctbm Xs∂Øs∂tbm D]{Zhw G¬∏n°psat∂m hnizkn°m≥ X° ImcWans√¶ntem, {]kvXpX ImcW߃ B DtZymKÿ≥ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbn´ns√¶ntem AdÃv sNøs∏´bmsf \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\mbn ssIhneßv D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(3) Hcmƒ AdÃv sNøs∏´v t]meokv IÃUnbnencn°ptºmƒ kμ¿`Øn\v \ymbambn tbmPn® am\yamb coXnbn¬ Abmƒ ]Xnhmbn [cn®p ioen® thjw D]tbmKn°phm≥ Abmsf A\phZnt°≠XmWv. 47. NnØtcmKnIƒ, aZy]m\nIƒ, AkpJap≈h¿ F∂nhsc IÃUnbnkq£n°p∂Xv ˛- (1) _p≤n{`aØmtem, NnØtcmKw aqetam, elcnbpsS D]tbmKwaqetam a‰phn[Øntem kzbw kwc£n°m≥ Ai‡cmbtXm a‰p≈h¿°v D]{Zhw D≠m°phm\nSbp≈tXm Bb Hcmsf t]meokn\v kpc£m IÃUnbnFSp°mhp∂XmWv. (2) A{]Imcw kpc£m IÃUnbn¬ FSp°s∏´ Bfns‚ Xm¬∏cy kwc£WØn\v AØcw ASnb¥nc \S]Sn BhiyamsW¶n¬ Hcp saUn°¬ ÿm]\tØmSv B Bfns\ \nco£WØntem NnIn’bntem Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v kq£n°Wsa∂v tcJmaqew A`y¿∞n°mhp∂Xpw ÿm]\Øns‚ A[nImcnIƒ B A`y¿∞\ A\pkcn°m≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.

(3) \nehnep≈ GsX¶nepw \nba{]Imcw {]kvXpX hy‡nbpsS NnIn’tbbpw IÃUntbbpw kw_‘n®v Xocpam\saSp°m≥ GsX¶nepw aPnkvt{S‰n\v £aXbps≠¶n¬, B hnhcw {]kvXpX aPnkvt{S‰ns\ Imehnfw_w IqSmsX Adnbnt°≠Xpw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ DØchp{]Imcw XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv. 48. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ sshZy]cntim[\ -˛ GsXmcp tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°{]mIvSojWdpw, At±lØns‚ apºmsI sshZy ]cntim[\bv°mbn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ lmPcm°p∂, Ip‰w Btcm]n°s∏´tXm kwibn°s∏´tXm Bb Hcmsf B DtZymKÿs‚ Bhiy{]Imcw, Bhiyamb sshZy]cntim[\ \SØphm≥ _m≤yÿ\mbncn°p∂XmWv. 49. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ NnIn’ ˛ (1) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIsf aXnbmb Imhenepw t]meokv \nco£WØnepw NnIn’n°p∂Xn\mbn F√m Bip]{XnIfpw {]mtbmKnI kmlNcyßf\pkcn®v th≠{X kuIcyw \¬tI≠XmWv. (2) t]meokv Bhiys∏´m¬ AØcw BfpIfpsS NnIn’m kw_‘amb F√m saUn°¬ tcJIfpsSbpw ]I¿∏v DS≥ lmPcm°m≥ Bip]{Xn A[nImcnIƒ _m≤yÿcmWv. (3) GsX¶nepw ASnb¥ncL´Øn¬ Hcp kzImcy Bip]{Xnbn¬ XpS°Øn{]thin°s∏´ GsXmcp Btfbpw BtcmKymhÿ ]cntim[n°p∂ tUmIvSdpsS AwKoImcØn\p hnt[bambn Ignbp∂{X thKØn¬ k¿°m¿ Bip]{Xnbnte°v amt‰≠XmWv. (4) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ HcmfpsS sshZy]cntim[\bpsSbpw NnIn’bpsSbpw dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]I¿∏v Ip‰mtcm]nXtcm AhcpsS _‘p°tfm Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w \¬tI≠XmWv. 50. t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈hcpsS ]cn°v kw_‘n® \S]Sn ˛imcocnIambn ]cnt°‰ ÿnXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw Bfns\ t]meokv IÃUnbn¬ FSp°ptºmtgm Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \SØnb _e{]tbmKw sIm≠v icocØn¬ ]cnt°‰ Bƒ ]cn°ns\∏‰n ]cmXns∏Sptºmtgm ]cn°p ]‰nb Imcyw t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ {i≤bn¬ s]Sptºmtgm AØcw Bsf G‰hpw ASpØp≈ tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬ {]mIvSojWdpsS apºmsI sIm≠pt]mtI≠Xpw B saUn°¬ {]mIvSojW¿ ]cn°ns\∏‰nbpw AXv Fßs\ kw`hn®psh∂pw Bcm™dn™v tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Bhiyamb NnIn’ \¬tI ≠XpamWv:

F∂m¬ ]cnt°‰ Bsf Hcp aPnkvt{S‰n\p apºmsI, sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\v AbmfpsS BtcmKy Ahÿ A\phZn°psa¶n¬, Abmsf tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿ _‘s∏´ A[nImcnXbp≈ PpUojy¬ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm AØcw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ A[nImcnXbv°v ]pdØphcp∂ kwKXnbmsW¶n¬ FIv k nIyq´ohv aPnkv t {S‰ns‚tbm apºmsI lmPcmt°≠Xpw, At±lw ]cn°v ]‰nb coXnsb kw_‘n®v AbmfpsS hniZoIcWw Bcm™dntb≠XpamWv: F∂pam{Xa√ ]cnt°‰bmsf aPnkvt{S‰n\p apºmsI sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ ]‰mØ BtcmKy ÿnXnbnemsW¶n¬, kw`hØns‚bpw kmlNcyØns‚bpw hnhcWw tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿ DS≥Xs∂ AØcw aPnkvt{S‰n\v Ab®psImSpt°≠Xpw {]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]I¿∏v saUn°¬ B^ok¿°pw ]cn°v ]‰nb Bƒ°pw \¬tI≠Xpw BbXv Ah¿ ssI∏‰nb hnhcw AwKoIcn®v tcJmaqew FgpXn hmtß≠XpamWv. 51. tkh\ZmXm°ƒ tcJIƒ kq£n°Wsa∂v ˛ k¿°m¿, Cu BhiyØnte°mbn ImemImeßfn¬ hn⁄m]\w sNbv t X°mhp∂ hn`mKßfn¬s∏Sp∂ F√m tkh\ZmXm°fpw Ah¿ apJm¥ncw tkh\w e`n® BfpIsf Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\mhiyamb IrXyamb tcJIƒ, \¬Is∏´ tkh\ßfpsS hniZmwißtfmSpIqSn k¿°m¿ \n›bnt®°mhp∂ Imebfhnte°v kq£nt°≠XmWv. 52. tkh\ZmXm°ƒ t]meokn\v hnhcw \¬IWsa∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw tkh\w \¬Ip∂ F√m tkh\ZmXm°fpw \nbam\pkrXambn \SØs∏Sp∂ t]meokv At\zjWhpambn _‘ap≈Xpw AØcw tkh\ ZmXm°fm¬ \¬Is∏´Xpamb GsX¶nepw {]tXyI tkh\Øns‚tbm hnhn[ tkh\ßfpsStbm hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw HutZymKnI NpaXem \n¿ΔlWØn\nsS Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ \¬tI≠XmWv. (2) AØcØnep≈ hnhcßfpw, tcJIfpw Ah Bhiys∏Sp∂ _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \n›bn°p∂ \ymbamb kab]cn[n°p≈n¬ e`yamt°≠XmWv. 53. tkh\ZmXm°fpsS ]q¿ΔImeNcn{Xw ]cntim[n°¬.˛k¿°mcn\v , hn⁄m]\ØneqsS, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØtbm tkh\ taJebnsetbm tkh\ZmXm°tfmSv Ah¿ s]mXpP\߃°v GsX¶nepw tkh\w e`yam°m≥ XpSßp∂Xn\papºmbn Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbn¬ \nt∂m \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ a‰p t]meokv A[nImcnIfn¬ \nt∂m Ahsc∏‰nbpw AhcpsS Poh\°msc∏‰nbpw t]meokv shcn^nt°j≥ k¿´n^n°‰v hmßWsa∂pw Hmtcm tkh\Øns‚bpw kmlNcyØnAhcpsS kaImeo\tam ]q¿Δ ImetØm D≈ {]h¿Ø\ßsf∏‰n \ymbambn Bhiyamb hnhc߃ t]meokn\p \¬IWsa∂pw, IqSmsX hn\n¿t±in°s∏Smhp∂ ImebfhnAØcw ]cntim[\bv°v Bh¿Øn®p hnt[bcmth≠XmsW∂pw \n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.

F∂m¬, tkh\ZmXmhn¬ \n∂pw A{]Imcw e`n°p∂ hnhc߃ GsX¶nepw Hcp Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m At\zjn°p∂Xnt\m GsX¶nepw s]mXp BhiyØnt\m th≠nh∂me√msX clkyambn kq£nt°≠Xpw GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m s]mXpP\Ønt\m shfns∏SpØn \¬Im≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p.

54. tamjvSn°s∏´tXm \jvSs∏´tXm tXSp∂tXm Bb hkvXp°sf kw_‘n®v tkh\ZmXm°ƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNtø≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) \jvSs∏´tXm, tamjvSn°s∏´tXm GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyØns‚ `mKambn I≠p]nSnt°≠tXm Bb km[\ kma{KnIfpsS ]´nI e`yambnStØmfap≈ Xncn®dnb¬ hnhcßtfmSpIqSn GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, GsXmcp tkh\ZmXmhns\bpw G¬∏n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) AXn\ptijw AØcw GsX¶nepw km[\w B tkh\ZmXmhns‚ {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX km[\w ssIhiap≈bmfns‚ t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Abmƒ Bcm™v Adnbphm≥ {iant°≠Xpw km[\w XS™ph®v DS≥Xs∂ B kmlNcyw G‰hpw ASpØp≈ t]meokv tÃj\n¬ Adnbnt°≠XpamWv. (3) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ tkh\ZmXmhn\v, AØcw km[\w ssIhiap≈ Bƒ icnbmb ta¬hnemkw Xcp∂n√ F∂v hnizkn°m≥ aXnbmb ImcWaps≠¶nB Bfns\ Hcp aWn°qdne[nIw hcmØ kabtØ°v t]meokv FØp∂Xphsc XS™p\n¿Ømhp∂XmWv. 55. t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ hkvXp°fpsS kq£n∏pw ssIsbmgn°epw.˛(1) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\nepw t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm t]meokns‚ ssIhiØnh∂ptN¿∂tXm Bb hkvXp°ƒ kq£n°p∂Xn\v ]cym]vXamb ÿew D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv: F∂m¬, AhnsS ÿew ]cym]vXas√¶n¬ Ah kq£n°p∂Xn\mbn t]meokv tÃj≥ A√msXbp≈ tbmPyamb Hcp ÿew k¿°mcn\v, hn⁄m]\w sNømhp∂XmWv. (2) t^md≥knIv ]cntim[\bv°v Bhiyap≈ kmºnfpIƒ tiJcn®Xn\ptijw, £aXbp≈ hnZKv≤s‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ _‘s∏´ tImSXnIƒ°v ap≥Iqdmbn Adnbn∏v \¬InbXn\ptijw kv t ^mSIhkv X p, lm\nIcamb cmkhkv X p°ƒ apXemb A]ISIcamb hkvXp°ƒ t]meokn\v \in∏n°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, s]m´nsØdntbm lm\ntbmaqeap≠mIp∂ A]ISw Bk∂amsW¶nkmºnƒ tiJcWw Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv. (3) \nba]camb GsX¶nepw BhiyØn\v, ]n∂oSv D]Icn°phm≥ km≤yXbn√mØ, thKØn¬ \in®pt]mIp∂ km[\߃ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv {]Imcw teew sNbvXv hn¬t°≠Xpw Aßs\ e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan\¬ PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ \nt£]nt°≠Xpw BWv.

(4) (F) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm tImSXnbpsS \nb{¥WØnep≈tXm Bb GsX¶nepw hkvXp t]meokv kq£n°Wa∂v GsX¶nepw tImSXn DØchnSptºmƒ, hkvXphns‚ kq£n∏v `cta¬∏n°s∏´n´p≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v {]kvXpX hkvXp kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xn\v Xs‚ \nb{¥WØn¬ A\ptbmPyamb ÿew e`ya√ F¶n¬ A°mcyw tImSXnbn¬ t_m[n∏n°mhp∂XmWv. (_n) A{]Imcap≈ Hcp ÿnXnhntijw {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX hkvXp kq£n°p∂Xn\v A\ptbmPyamb Hcp ÿew Is≠Øn B hkv X p AhnsS kq£n°p∂Xn\v {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿs\ tImSXn°v A\phZn°mhp∂XmWv. (kn) A{]Imcw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°p∂Xpambn _‘s∏´ sNehpIƒ k¿°m¿ t\cnt´m {Inan\¬ PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ \nt∂m ]q¿Æambpw hlnt°≠XmWv. (5) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ GsXmcp hkvXphpw tImSXnbpsS s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb A\phmZtØmSpIqSn, AXmXp kmlNcyßfn¬ A\ptbmPyamb BfpIfpsStbm GP≥knIfpsStbm ÿm]\ßfpsStbm kpc£nXamb kq£n∏nhbv°mhp∂XmWv. 56. AhIminbn√mØ hkvXp°ƒ kw_‘n® t]meokv \S]Sn.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw C\n ]dbp∂ PwKahkvXp°fpsS Xm¬°menI NpaXe Gs‰Spt°≠XmWv,˛ (i) Abmƒ Is≠SpØtXm, Abmƒ°v ssIam‰w sNøs∏´tXm Bb As√¶nAbmfpsS ssIhiap≈tXm Bb Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØtXm Gs‰Sp°m≥ hnkΩXn°p∂tXm Bb PwKahkvXp°ƒ; (ii) hkv X phns‚ DSabv t °m NpaXe°mct\m BbXv \o°w sNøWsa∂v hkvXphn≥tatem AXn\p kao]tØm ]Xn® t\m´okv aptJ\ \n¿t±iw \¬Inbn´pw \ymbamb kabØn\Iw Bcpw \o°w sNømsX GsX¶nepw s]mXp sXcphnInS°p∂Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂ PwKahkvXp°ƒ; (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw hkvXphns‚ NpaXe Gs‰Sp°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ B {]tZiØv AØcw hkvXp°ƒ km[mcW ssIImcyw sNøp∂ am\y\mb GsX¶nepw hym]mcnbn¬ \n∂pw BbXns‚ GItZi hn]Wnhne Xn´s∏SpØn tcJmaqew hmßnbtijw hkvXphns\bpw AXns‚ aqeysØbpw kw_‘n® hniZhnhc߃ AXns‚ A[nImcnXbp≈ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰n\pw \¬tI≠XmWv. (3) AØcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp kzm`mhnIambn thKØn¬ \in°p∂tXm, I∂pImentbm BsW¶n¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v AXns\ DS≥Xs∂ ]ckyteeØneqsS hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.

(4) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXphns‚ hniZhnhcw {]Xn]mZn®v hn\n¿t±in°s∏´n´p≈ Hcp DtZymKÿs‚ apºmsI hnfw_c XobXn apX¬ ap∏Xv Znhk߃°Iw lmPcmbn Xs‚ AhImiw ÿm]n°Wsa∂v AXn≥taAhImiap∂bn°mhp∂ GsXmcmtfmSpw Bhiys∏´psIm≠v Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn Hcp hnfw_cw ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv. (5) {]kvXpX hnfw_cØn¬ hy‡am°nb hkvXphns‚ ssIhiØn\v GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v AhImiaps≠∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂]£w, BbXns‚ ]nSns®Sp°en\pw kq£n∏n\pw \n›bn°s∏´ ^okv CuSm°nbXn\v tijw Abmƒ°v AXv hn´psImSp°m≥ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v DØchmImhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, AØcw DØchv AXn\\pkrXambn hkvXphns‚ ssIhimhImiw e`n°p∂ Bfn¬ \n∂v AXns\ ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm hos≠Sp°m\p≈ as‰mcmfns‚ \nbakm[pXbp≈ AhImißsf Hcp hn[Ønepw _m[n°p∂X√.

(6) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v, (5)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp B¿°mtWm hn´psImSp°p∂Xv Abmfn¬ \n∂pw At±lØn\v t_m≤yap≈ skIyqcn‰n hmßmhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v t_m≤yw hcp∂ \ymbamb ImcWßfn√msX ssIhimhImiw \¬Is∏´ hkv X p Gs‰SpØpsIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\v c≠p ZnhkØne[nIw ImeXmakw hcpØnbm¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v (8)˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw \S]Sn kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (7) hnfw_cØn¬ hn\n¿t±in®n´p≈ Imebfhn\p≈n¬ bmsXmcmfpw A{]Imcap≈ hkvXphn¬ AhImihmZw ÿm]n®n´ns√¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ {]Imcw, {]kvXpX hkvXp GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI BhiyØn\mbn km[mcWKXnbnhmtß≠ GsX¶nepw km[\Øn\v ]Icambn t]meokv hIp∏n¬ D]tbmKn°pItbm As√¶n¬ s]mXpteeØneqsS hn¬∏\ \SØn AXn¬ \n∂pw e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan\PÃnkv an te\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠nte°v hchv hbv°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (8) (i) (1)-˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw t]meokns‚ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXp°fpsS hen∏hpw kz`mhhpw ]cnKWn®v , BbXv kq£n°p∂Xn\v CuSmt°≠ ^okns‚ \nc°v \n›bn°p∂Xn\v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v ImemImeßfn¬ am\ZWvU߃ \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. (ii) AØcw hkvXp kq£n°p∂Xn\v AhIminbn¬ \n∂v CuSmt°≠ ^okv AØcw hkvXphns‚ hn]Wn hnebpsS ]IpXnbmb tijw GXp Znhkhpw {]kvXpX hkvXp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v teeØn¬ hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.

F∂m¬, AØcw hkvXp t]meokv Gs‰SpØXn\ptijap≈ BZysØ Ggv ZnhktØt°m As√¶n¬ AXv k¿°m¿ D]tbmKØn\mbn FSpØ XobXn°v tijap≈ Hcp Imebfhntet°m hkvXphns‚ bYm¿∞ DSaÿ\n¬ \n∂pw A{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp XpIbpw CuSm°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(9) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ Hcp hkvXp teeØn¬ hn‰n´ps≠¶nepw ]n∂oSv bYm¿∞ DSabv°v as‰mcmƒ aptJ\ km[\w A\ymbambn ssIhiØne√mXmbnØo¿∂p F∂pw B hnhcw Abmƒ bYmkabw A[nImcÿm\sØ \nba]cambn Adnbn®ncp∂p F∂pw hy‡ambm¬, B hkvXp hn‰pIn´nb apgph≥ XpIbpw ^okv C\Øn¬ bmsXm∂pw Ipdhp sNømsX bYm¿∞ DSabv°v XncnsI \¬tI≠XmWv. (10) GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, BcmWv AhImin F∂dnbn√mØ I∂pImenIsftbm thKØn¬ \in®p t]mIp∂ Hcp hkvXphns\tbm Hcp ZnhkØnIqSpX¬ IÃUnbn¬ kq£nt°≠Xn√mØXpw Ahsb DS\Sn teew \SØnb ImcWØm¬ B¿s°¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw \jvSw kw`hn®m¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ AXn\v _m≤yÿ\√mØXpamIp∂p.

(11) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ Hcp hkvXp t]meokns‚ ssIhiw h∂v ap∏Xv ZnhkØn\ptijw t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ta¬hnhcn® \S]Sn {]Imcw teew \SØn F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bfn\v bYm¿∞amtbm km¶¬∏nIamtbm D≠mb Hcp \jvShpw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw \nItØ≠Xn√mØXmWv. 57. ImWmXmb BfpIsf I≠p]nSn°m≥ t]meokv {ian°Wsa∂v.˛ (1) GsX¶nepw Hcmsf ImWmXmbn F∂v \ymbambpw kwibn°mhp∂ coXnbn¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v GsX¶nepw hnhcw e`n°ptºmsg√mw,˛ (F) AØcw Bƒ A]ISØnemsWt∂m \nbam\pkrXamb c£I¿Xr kwc£WØne√ Ft∂m; As√¶n(_n) AØcw Bƒ B]¬°camb Ip‰IrXyØn\v Ccbmbncn°msat∂m; As√¶n(kn) AØcw Bƒ GsX¶nepw tImSXn {]Jym]n® \nbam\pkrX AhImiw \S∏nhcpØp∂Xn¬ \n∂v Bscsb¶nepw XSbp∂Xn\mbn kzbw Hfn®ncn°p∂Xmtbm, hnizkn°m≥ X° kmlNcy߃ Ds≠¶n¬, AØcw DtZymKÿ≥ sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Øn\mbn \n¿Æbn°s∏´Xn\v kam\amb coXnbn¬ hnhcw cPnÿ sNbvXv ImWmXmb Bsf Is≠Øphm≥ kXzcw {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv.

(2) AØcw At\zjWØn¬ AØcw DtZymKÿt\m Abmƒ \ntbmKn°p∂ GsX¶nepw DtZymKÿt\m GsXmcp km£nsbbpw tNmZyw sNbv X v samgn tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw GsXmcp ÿeØpw ]cntim[\ \SØpIbpw sNømhp∂XpamWv. (3) C°mcyw At\zjn°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ tNmZy߃°v F√m BfpIfpw kXyk‘ambn DØcw \¬tI≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ tcJs∏SpØp∂ AØcw samgnbpsS ]I¿∏v km£n°v \¬tI≠Xpw ]I¿∏v e`n®Xn\ptijw AØcw ]I¿∏v e`n®Xmbn km£n H∏n´p \¬tI≠XpamWv. (4) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ F√m sXc®nepIfpw 1973˛se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) hyhÿIƒ°\pkcn®v \StØ≠XmWv. (5) ImWmXmb Bfns\ At\zjWØn¬ Is≠Ønbm¬ DØchmZnXzap≈ c£mI¿Øm°sf tcJmaqew G¬∏n°pItbm A[nImcnXbp≈ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ apºmsI lmPcm°pItbm, sNtø≠XmWv. (6) A{]Imcw lmPcm°s∏Sp∂ Bƒ Hcp kv{Xotbm Ip´ntbm BsW¶n¬ B hy‡nbpsS kzImcyXbpw Xm¬]cyhpw kwc£n°p∂Xn\v Bhiyamb \S]SnIƒ aPnkvt{S‰v kzoIcnt°≠XmWv. 58. ImWmXmIp∂ km[\߃ kw_‘n® cPnÿ t]meokv kq£n°Wsa∂v.˛(1) Hcp tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ hne]nSn∏p≈ km[\tam skIyqcn‰ntbm \jvSs∏´n´ps≠∂v hnizk\obamb hnhcw e`n°ptºmƒ B B^ok¿°v, \jv S s∏´ km[\Øns‚ aqeyhpw kz`mhhpw AØcw Hcp \S]Sn{IasØ \ymboIcn°p∂psh∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂ ]£w, B BhiyØn\mbn kq£n°p∂ Hcp cPnÃdn¬ hnhcw tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw, km[\w Is≠Øm≥ \ymbambpw Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ At\zjWw \SØn∏n°mhp∂Xpw Bhiys∏Sp∂h¿°v BbXv \jvSs∏´p F∂v tcJs∏SpØnb k¿´n^n°‰v \¬Imhp∂XpamWv. 59. Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ Dƒs∏´n´n√ F∂p≈ k¿´n^n°‰pIƒ t]meokn\v \¬Imsa∂v.˛GsXmcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿°pw HcmfpsS At]£ {]Imcw Abmƒ bmsXmcp Ip‰IrXyØnepw Dƒs∏´n´n√m F∂v DNnXamb At\zjWØn\ptijw k¿°m¿ CXnte°mbn \n›bnt®°mhp∂ ^okv CuSm°nbXn\ptijw k¿´n^n°‰v \¬Imhp∂XmWv. 60. kpc£m D]tZiw t]meokv \¬IWsa∂v.˛Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v At±lØns‚ A[nImc]cn[nbnep≈ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv hfsc hne]nSn∏p≈ PwKahkvXp°ƒ kq£n®ncn°p∂psht∂m As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXp {]m[m\yap≈ ÿew KpcpXcamb kpc£m`ojWn t\cnSp∂psht∂m hnhcw e`n®m¬ At±lw kzta[bm, _‘s∏´ ÿeØns‚ NpaXebp≈ Bfnt\mtSm BfpItfmtSm IqSnbmtemNn®v, A\ptbmPyamb coXnbn¬ Hcp kpc£m]cntim[\ \SØn°mhp∂Xpw AØcw ]cntim[\bpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ ÿeØns‚ NpaXe°mct\mSv Bhiyamb kpc£m ap≥IcpXepIƒ FSp°phm≥ \n¿t±in°mhp∂XpamWv:

F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw GsXmcmsfbpw Abmsf a‰v hn[Øn¬ \n¿_‘nX\m°mØ Hcp Imcyw sNøphmt\m sNømXncn°phmt\m \n¿_‘n°p∂Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xn√.

61. t]meokv {Sm^n°v {IaoIcnt°≠Xpw \nb{¥nt°≠XpamsW∂v: Uyq´nbnepff Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v {IacmlnXyw, XS w, A]ISw F∂nh HgnhmIp∂Xn\pth≠n s]mXpÿeßfn¬ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcn°mhp∂Xpw \nb{¥n°mhp∂Xpw, AXn\mbn _‘s∏´h¿s°√mw \ymbamb \n¿t±i߃ \¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw \n¿t±i߃ F√mhcpw A\pkcnt°≠XpamWv. 62.hy‡nIƒ°pw kzImcyÿm]\߃°pw kpc£ \¬IWsa∂v : (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿t°m e`yamb hnhcØns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcyÿetØm, s]mXpP\Ønt\m GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m `cWIqSØnt\m ÿm]\Ønt\m FXncmbn Bk∂amb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m Bk∂amb A]ISw XSbp∂Xnt\m Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m th≠n IqSpX¬ t]meokv tk\sb kuP\yambn hn\ykn∏n°p∂Xn\p Xocpam\w GSp°mhp∂XmWv. (2) km[mcW t]meokv tkh\Øns‚ `mKambn s]mXpP\߃°v e`yamb s]mXphmbXpw km[mcW Afhnep≈Xpamb t]meokv {IaoIcW߃°v D]cnbmbn, KpcpXcamb Ip‰IyXyw kw`hn°Wsa∂pff A]ISw Bk∂amsW∂v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥lukv B^ok¿t°m a‰phn[Øn¬ t_m≤ys∏Sp∂nSsØmgnsIbpff kmlNcyßfn¬ Hcp kzImcy hy‡nt°m kzImcykzØnt\m am{Xambn kuP\yamtbm, ^okv CuSm°nsImt≠m {]tXyI t]meokns\ h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ \n¿_‘ambn hn\ykn∏n®p In´phm≥ Hcp hy‡n°pw ÿm]\Øn\pw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂X√.

(3) k¿°mcnt\m kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m, Hcp hy‡nbpsStbm ÿm]\Øns‚tbm kwLØns‚tbm AhcpsS kzØp°fpsStbm kwc£WØnt\m am{Xambn IqSpX¬ t]meokns\ hn\ykn∏n°m\pff am\ZWvUhpw \S]Sn{Iahpw CuSmt°≠ ^okns‚ tXmXpw AXv CuSmt°≠ kmlNcyßfpw \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. 63. sImss·k_nfmb Ip‰Ønte°v \bn°mhp∂ X¿°ßfn¬ t]meokv \S]Sn:-˛ GsX¶nepw hy‡nItfm kwLßtfm XΩnepff X¿°w F{Xbpw s]s´∂v ]cnlcn°mØ ]£w Hcp tImss·k_nƒ Ip‰ambn ]cnWan°phm≥ km[yXbpff kmlNcyw, Bsc¶nepw {i≤bn¬s∏SpØnbm¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿:˛

(F) _‘s∏´ hy‡nIfpamtbm A°mcyw Adnbmhp∂ a‰pffhcpamtbm kwkmcn®v hkvXpXIfpw kmlNcyhpw Xn´s∏SpØphmt\m; (_n) X¿°apff hy‡nIƒt°m As√¶n¬ G√m kwL߃°ptam X¿°Øns‚ XpS¿®bmbn \nbahncp≤amb Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØn sNøp∂Xns\Xnsc tcJmaqew ap∂dnbn∏p \¬Iphmt\m; (kn) X¿°apff hy‡nIsftbm, kwLßtftbm ]ckv]c N¿®bneqsStbm a[yÿXbneqsStbm {]iv\w ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\v t{]m’mln∏n°phmt\m; (Un) X¿°w ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\v A[nImcnXbpw £aXbpapff Hcp tImSXnsb kao]n°Wsa∂v hy‡nIsftbm kwLßsftbm D]tZin°p∂Xnt\m; (C) A[nImcnXbpff FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI lmPcmbn hy‡nItfmtSm kwLßtfmtSm X¿°]cnlmcw tXSm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xnt\m; (F^v) 1973 se {Ian\¬ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw Hcp hy‡nt°m F√m kwL߃°ptam FXnsc bp‡amb \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\v A[nImcnXbpff aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI hkvXpXIƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂Xnt\m; \S]SnIƒ GSpt°≠XmWv. 64. IΩyqWn‰n t]meoknwKv v (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, t]meokns‚ IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn¬ s]mXphmb klmbw \¬Im≥ th≠n B {]tZisØ IΩyqWn‰nbpsS {]Xn\n[nIƒ F∂ \nebn¬ Xt±ihmknIƒ Dƒs∏Sp∂ IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnIƒ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pth≠nbpw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbn¬ t]meokv tÃj≥ A[nImc ]cn[nbnepff kaqlØnse G√m hn`mKßfnepw tkh\, sXmgn¬ taJeIfnepapffh¿°pw kv{XoIƒ, ]´nIPmXn, ]´nItKm{Xh¿§ hn`mK°m¿ F∂nh¿°pw \ymbamb {]mXn\n[yw D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv. (3){Inan\¬ tImSXn sXm´papºp≈ A©v h¿j°mebfhn¬ XShn\p in£n®tXm As√¶n¬ AgnaXn, km∑m¿§nI A[x]X\w, s]cpam‰Zqjyw F∂o ImcWßfmGsX¶nepw DtZymKØn¬ \n∂v Unkvankv sNbvXtXm, \o°w sNbvXtXm, UnkvNm¿÷v sNbvXtXm As√¶n¬ \n¿_‘nXambn hncan°¬ \¬InbtXm Bb bmsXmcmsfbpw IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse HcwKambn \ma\n¿t±iw sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(4) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv \nehnep≈Xpw D≠mtb°mhp∂Xpamb s]mXpkz`mhap≈ t]meokv tkh\mhiy߃ t]meokns‚ A¿lamb ]cnKW\bv°mbn Is≠ØpIbpw B {]tZiØns‚tbm As√¶n¬ AXns‚ GsX¶nepw `mKØns‚tbm kpc£ Dd∏m°m\p≈ I¿Ω ]≤XnIƒ hnIkn∏nt°≠XpamWv. (5) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn Bhiym\pkcWw tbmKw tNtc≠XmWv. (6) kanXn tbmKßfn¬ B {]tZisØ s]mXpP\߃°v ]s¶Sp°mhp∂XmWv. (7) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv kw`hn® Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®pw Ip‰IrXy߃ \S°m\p≈ km≤yXsb°pdn®pap≈ hnhc߃ t]meokns‚ {i≤bnsIm≠phcphm≥ Hmtcm ]ucs\bpw t{]m¬kmln∏nt°≠XmWv. (8) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v Hcp {]tXyI BhiyØnt\m {]tXyI {]tZiØnt\m {]tXyI NpaXeIƒt°m Bbn D]kanXn cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (9)IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v kpc£nXXzt_m[w, c£mt_m[w, Ip‰IrXy \nhmcWw, \nba km£cX F∂nh t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xn\v ]cn]mSnIƒ BhnjvIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (10) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v \nba{]Imcap≈ t]meokns‚ bmsXmcp A[nImchpw C√mØXpw Ip‰mt\zjWtam {Iakam[m\]me\tam kanXn kzbw Gs‰Sp°m≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv. 65. _o‰v t]meokv tkh\w.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw A[nImctaJe hnhn[ t]meokv _o‰pIfmbn hn`Pnt°≠Xpw Hmtcm _o‰v {]tZiØn\pw ÿnc ASnÿm\Øn¬ _o‰p \SØp∂Xn\v _o‰v]t{SmfpIsf \ntbmKnt°≠XpamWv. (2) C\n ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ _o‰v ]t{Smfns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw, DØchmZnXzßfnepw, a‰pImcyßtfmsSm∏w Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv.˛ (F) B {]tZiØv Xmakn°p∂ IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse AwKßfpambpw kmaqly PohnXØn¬ kPoh ]¶mfnØap≈ ]uc∑mcpambpw _‘s∏SpI; (_n) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰IrXy߃ XSbm\p≈ \S]SnIƒ Hmtcm kμ¿i\ kabØpw AhtemI\w sNøpI;

(kn) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰hmfnIƒ, Xo{hhmZnIƒ, kmaqlyhncp≤¿, {i≤n°s∏tS≠ A]cnNnX¿ XpSßnbh¿ Ds≠¶n¬, Ahcpambn _‘s∏´ hnhcw tiJcn®v t]meokv tÃj≥ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs\ Adnbn°pI; (Un) {]tXyI \nco£WØn\v hnt[bcmbn Ip‰hmfnIƒ Bsc¶nepw _o‰v t{]ZiØv Ds≠¶n¬ Ahtcbpw, {Inan\¬ ]›mØew Dffhscbpw Zpxkz`mhap≈hscbpw \nco£n°pI; (C) A{IaØn\v km[yXbp≈ {]mtZinI X¿°ßsf°pdn®v a\ nem°pIbpw e`yamb F√m hnhcßtfmSpw IqSn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs\ Adnbn°pIbpw sNøpI; (F^v) ta¬t\m´w hln°p∂ DtZymKÿ¿ {]tZisØ kw_‘n®v Gev]n®psImSp°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw t]meokv tPmenIƒ \n¿Δln°pI; (Pn) t]meokv tkh\w kw_‘n®v s]mXpP\ßfn¬ \n∂p≈ k¶Sßfpw, ]cmXnIfpw tcJs∏SpØn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs\ Adnbn°pI; IqSmsX (F®v) kμ¿i\ kabØv \n¿Δln® tPmenIsf°pdn®v tcJIƒ kq£n®v Ah t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ\v ka¿∏n°pI. 66. s]mXpP\߃°v ]mcntXmjnIw ˛ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°pw \n¿t±i߃°pw hnt[bambn, anI® tkh\w \¬InbXnt\m, Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m, Ip‰mt\zjWØnt\m {Iakam[m\tam kpc£tbm KXmKX kpc£tbm ImØp kq£n°p∂Xnt\m klmbtam hnhctam \¬Ip∂Xn\v s]mXpP\߃°v ]mcntXmjnIw hmKvZm\w sNømhp∂Xpw AXv \evImhp∂XpamWv. 67. elf XSbp∂Xn\mbn sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw Gs‰Sp°¬˛ (1) Bk∂amb elftbm KpcpXcamb kam[m\`RvP\tam XSbp∂Xnt\m Aa¿®sNøp∂Xnt\mth≠n ÿeØv lmPcp≈ G‰hpw ko\nbdpamb C≥kvs]IvS¿ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ Hcp Imebfhnte°v GsX¶nepw sI´nStam a‰v ÿetam Xm¬°menIambn AS®nSpItbm Gs‰Sp°pItbm sNømhp∂Xpw AhnsS\n∂pw F√mhscbptam GsX¶nepw BfpItftbm am‰n\n¿Ømhp∂Xpw Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ hyhÿIfnt∑¬ \n›bn°s∏´ BfpIƒ°v am{Xambn AhnsS {]thi\w \¬Imhp∂Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw AØcw DØchpIf\pkcn®v s]cpamdm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. F∂m¬ AØcw \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°ptºmƒ Aßs\bp≈ sI´nStam ÿetam D]tbmKn°p∂ kv{XoIƒ, Ip´nIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, Ignhn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIƒ F∂nh¿°p≠mImhp∂ {]bmk߃ IW°nseSpØv AØcw {]bmk߃ ]camh[n Hgnhmt°≠XmWv, F∂p am{Xa√ Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn\ptijw Adp]Xv Znhkwhsc AØcw \n¿t±i߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\pw \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw Pn√m aPnkv t {S‰ns‚ tcJmaqeap≈ DØchv Bhiyambncn°p∂XmWv.

(2) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v kzta[bmtbm, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognepff Hcp DØchn\mk¶Sw A\p`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ At]£bnt∑tem Aßs\bpff GsXmcp DØchpw d±p sNøpItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 68. A]ISßtfm Zpc¥ßtfm ssIImcyw sNø¬˛ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv KpcpXcamb A]IStam Zpc¥tam kw`hn°p∂ kabØv Bk∂hpw KpcpXchpamb kam[m\`RvP\Ønt\m s]mXp kam[m\ewL\Ønt\m s]mXpP\߃°v Imcyamb AkuIcyØnt\m B]Ønt\m ImcWamIm≥ km≤yXbpff GsX¶nepw X¿°w, A`n{]mb`n∂X, hnhmZw, Ipg∏w F∂nh AhnsS \ne\n¬°p∂psh∂v ÿeØv lmPcpff G‰hpw ko\nbdmb t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ IcpXp∂ ]£w, G√m BfpIfpw s]cpamtd≠sXßs\sb∂v kμ¿`hpw Bhiyhpw A\pkcn®v \ymbamb DØchpIƒ At±lØn\v \¬Imhp∂Xpw Aßs\bpff DØchpIƒ _‘s∏´ G√m BfpIfpw A\pkcnt°≠XpamWv. 69. A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfnse \S]SnIƒ (1) A·n_m[tbm Zpc¥tam A]IStam D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfn¬ GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿt\m ^b¿ k¿Δoknse AwKØnt\m aPnkvt{S‰nt\m AØcØnepff Bfns‚ Akm∂n[yØn¬ Hcp ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚nt\m C\n ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ sNømhp∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛ (F) Poht\m kztØm kwc£n°p∂Xn\pff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø\߃ XS s∏SpØp∂hsc \o°w sNøpItbm \o°w sNøm≥ DØchnSpItbm sNøpI; (_n) c£m ZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø\߃°v Bhiyamb s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb sXcphv As√¶n¬ hgn ASbv°pI; (kn) Poh\pw kzØpw kwc£n°m\pff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS BhiyØnte°mbn At±lØnt\m At±lØns‚ \n¿t±iØnt∑¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ h¿t°m, s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb GXp hf∏nepw IS°pItbm Xpd°pItbm s]mfn°pItbm tlmkv ss]t∏m a‰v D]IcWßtfm ISØnhnSpItbm sNøpI; (Un) Poh\pw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xn\v kXzcw Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ {]Imcapff DNnXhpw \ymbhpamb \S]SnIsfSp°pI; (C) Poh\pw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xn¬ kzImcytam A√msXtbm Bb D]IcWßtfm a‰v Imcyßtfm Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw AXv ssIhiapffh¿ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS \n¿t±i{]Imcw \¬tI≠XpamWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ \¬Inbn´pff \n¿t±i߃ aqew kw`hn® GsXmcp \mi\jv S hpw, A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhbv ° mbpff GsX¶nepw C≥jzd≥kv t]mfnknbpsS A¿∞hym]v X n°pffn¬ hcp∂

A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhaqeapff C≥jzd≥kv kwc£WØn\¿lamb \mi\jvSambn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AØcØnepff C≥jzd≥kns‚ A`mhØn¬ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v Xn´s∏SpØntb°mhp∂ XpI \ymbamb \jvS ]cnlmcambn _‘s∏´ I£nIƒ°v k¿°mcn\v \¬Imhp∂XpamWv. (3) Cu hIp∏nse bmsXm∂pw GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿt\tbm ^b¿ k¿Δoknse GsX¶nepw AwKsØtbm aPnkvt{S‰ns\tbm ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚ns\tbm \ymbamb ImcW߃ C√msX Abmƒ sNbvX GsX¶nepw {]h¿ØnIƒ aqeap≠mb \mi\jvSßfpsS _m[yXbn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°p∂X√.

70. t]meokv D]IcWw ssek≥knwKn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°Wsa∂v;˛ t]meokv hIp∏ns‚ DSaÿXbn¬ t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δlnt°≠ BhiyØnte°mbn HutZymKnI D]tbmKØnepff D]IcWßsftbm hkvXp°sftbm GsX¶nepw \nbaØn≥ Iogn¬ ssek≥kv FSpt°≠XmsWt∂m GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿ GP≥knt°m ]ªnIv AtXmdn‰nt°m GsX¶nepw hm¿jnI ^otkm, ssek≥kv ^otkm \¬tI≠XmsWt∂m D≈ \n_‘\Ifn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcn\v Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv. 71. t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ hnhcw apXembh ka¿∏n°msa∂v-˛ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw GsXmcp HutZymKnI hnhchpw Hcp aPnkv t {S‰v ap≥]msI ka¿∏n°mhp∂Xpw Ip‰w sNbv X GsX¶nepw Bfns\Xncmtbm Hcp km[\w I≠p]nSn°p∂Xn\mtbm \nbaw aqew ka≥tkm, hmdt≠m, sk¿®v ˛ hmdt≠m AØcØnepff \nba]camb a‰v t{]mkkpItfm ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ At]£n°mhp∂Xp amWv. A≤ymbw˛6 t]meokv sdKptej\pIƒ 72. {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn ˛ (1) Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnepw, ap\nkn∏men‰nbnepw, tIm¿∏tdj\nepw {Sm^nIv kw_‘amb Imcy߃ {IaoIcn°p∂Xn\mbn {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnIƒ \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbn¬ _\v[s∏´ Xt±i `cWØeh≥ A≤y£\mbncnt°≠Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v, Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, doPnbW{Sm≥kvt]m¿´v Hm^ok¿, s]mXpacmaØv GIvknIyq´ohv F©n\ob¿ F∂nh¿ \n¿t±iw sNøp∂ DtZymKÿ¿ AwKßfmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (3) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn , Hmtcm {]tZiØpw 1988 se tamt´m¿ hml\ BIv‰pw (1988 se 59), 2007 se tIcf tdmUv tk^v‰n AtXmdn‰n BIv‰pw (2007 se 8) Ahbv°v Iogn¬ D≠m°nb N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ coXnbn¬ s]mXpP\߃°v D≠mImhp∂ A]mbw, XS w, AkuIcyw apXembh XSbp∂Xn\mbn {Sm^nIv kw_‘n®v C\n∏dbp∂ Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchpIƒ _‘s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpP\ßfpw ]ment°≠XpamWv.

(F) s]mXpÿeßfnse F√m XcØnepap≈ {Sm^n°ns‚ coXnbpw kabhpw {IaoIcn°pI; (_n) s]mXp\ncØneqsS k©cn°p∂hcpsS {i≤ Xncn°mt\m Ah¿°v A]ISIcamImt\m km[yXbp≈ coXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw hkvXphn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ Iam\w, tXmcWw, _m\¿, tlm¿UnwKpIƒ, ASbmf߃, {]Xncq]߃, sse‰v D]tbmKn®p≈ {]Z¿i\߃, \n¿ΩmW{]hrØn, I®hSw, sh¬UnwKv, A¥co£ aen\oIcWw, i_vZieyw, ]mds]m´n°¬, J\\w, ]S°ws]m´n°¬, ]´w]d∏n°¬, shSnacp∂p{]tbmKw F∂nh {IaoIcn°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ \o°w sNøpIbpw sNøpI; (kn) sXcphpIfneqsS XSn, Ig, GWn, Ccpºp ]mfn, _oapIƒ, _mdpIƒ, t_mbnedpIƒ, I®n, aÆv, ssIImcyw sNøm≥ {]mbmkap≈ a‰v hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh sIm≠p t]mIp∂Xns‚ hn[hpw coXnbpw {IaoIcn°pI; (Un) tdmUv D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISap≠m°mhp∂ kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm As√¶n¬ lm\nIcamb cmkhkvXp°tfm s]mXpÿeßfneqsS sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv {IaoIcn°pI; (C) \new]Xn°m≥ t]mIp∂ sI´nSßfn¬ \nt∂m a‰v ImcWßfmtem D≈ A]ISw D≠mIpsa∂v \ymbamb t_m≤yap≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ Nne sXcphpIƒ AS®nSpItbm Nne ÿeßfntebv°v Bcpw {]thin°cpsX∂v \njvI¿jn°pItbm sNøpI; (F^v) tdmUcpIn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ kzImcy sI´nSØntebv°pw ÿetØbv°pw sXcphn¬ \n∂pw s]mXp ÿeØp \n∂pw D≈ {]thi\Øns‚ coXnbpw am¿§hpw {IaoIcn°pI; (Pn) CXp kw_‘n®v kwÿm\Ønt\m t]meokv hIp∏nt\m GsX¶nepw kmºØnI _m≤yX hcpØmsX s]mXpP\߃°v KXmKX \SØn∏n¬ kzta[bm klmbn°mhp∂ coXn \n›bn°pI. (4) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS AwKoImcØn\v hnt[bambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw {]kvXpX DØchpIƒ Ggv ZnhkØn\Iw _‘s∏´ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn°v ka¿∏nt°≠XpamWv. (5) C{]Imcw ka¿∏n°s∏´ DØchpIƒ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn ]cnKWnt°≠Xpw DNnXamb Xocpam\w ssIsImt≈≠XpamWv. F∂m¬, {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS Xocpam\w D≠mIp∂Xphsc Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ {]m_eyØn¬ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 6. Hcp Pn√bnse {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnIfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃ GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xn\pw Pn√bv ° v samØambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW߃ G¿s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw Bbn Hcp Pn√mXe {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn k¿°m¿ \n¿Æbn°p∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.

73. ImbnI ]cnioe\Øns‚ \nb{¥Ww˛ (1) \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ Hcp A[nImcÿm\w CXnte°mbn \¬Inbn´p≈ Hcp s]¿an‰nse hyhÿIf\pkcn®√msX bmsXmcmfpw B{IaWtam kzbc£tbm kw_‘n® A`ymkcoXnIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ ImbnI ]cnioe\w s]mXpP\߃t°m GsX¶nepw Bfnt\m BfpIƒt°m \¬IpItbm kwLSn∏n°pItbm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°pItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√; F∂m¬ Cu D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ˛ (i)k¿°mcns‚ DSaÿXbntem \nb{¥WØntem D≈tXm kwÿm\sØ GsX¶nepw k¿ΔIemimebpambn A^nentb‰v sNbvXn´p≈tXm Bb Hcp hnZym`ymk ÿm]\w AXns‚ ]mTy]≤XnbpsStbm ]T\{IaØns‚tbm `mKambn \SØp∂tXm; (ii)tIcf kv t ]m¿Sv k v Iu¨kn¬ AwKoIcn® Hcp ¢t∫m, Pnwt\jytam \¬Ip∂tXm; Bb GsX¶nepw ]cnioe\Øn\v _m[IamIp∂X√.

(2) GsXmcmfpw Xs‚ DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem D≈ GsX¶nepw sI´nStam ]cnkctam C°mcyØn¬ Hcp s]¿an‰v ssIhian√mØ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v AØcw ImbnI ]cnioe\w \SØp∂Xn\mbn D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\v A\phZn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(3) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognep≈ s]¿an‰v \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ {]Imcap≈ D]m[nIƒ°pw \nb{¥W߃°pw hnt[bambpw A{]Imcap≈ ^okv \¬InbXn\ptijhpw \¬tI≠XmWv. (4) Cu BIv‰v AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfpw {]ImcamWv AØcw ]cnioe\w \SØp∂sX∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn ]cnioe\w \SØp∂ GsXmcp ÿeØpw Hcp k_v C≥kvs]IvSdpsS ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw kzX{¥amb {]thi\ap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. 74. s]¿an‰v d±v sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) 73˛mw hIp∏ns‚ (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw \n¿Æbn°s∏´ A[nImcÿm\Øn\v {]kvXpX D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ \¬Inbn´p≈ Hcp s]¿an‰v.˛ (F) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmƒ \¬tI≠Xmb GsX¶nepw ^okv bYmhn[n \¬Inbn´ns√¶ntem; (_n) s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmtfm AbmfpsS tPmen°mct\m As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS {]Xy£tam ]tcm£tam Bb A\paXntbmSpIqSn Abmƒ°pth≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂ a‰msc¶neptam {]kv X pX s]¿an‰nse GsX¶nepw \n_‘\Ifpw hyhÿIfpw ewLn°pIbmsW¶ntem;

(kn) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈ Bsf Hcp tImSXn, kZmNmcewL\w kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂ GsX¶nepw Ip‰Øn\v in£n®n´ps≠¶ntem; (Un) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiw hbv°p∂ Bƒ 2007˛se tIcf kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\߃ XSb¬ BIv‰v (2007se 34) {]Imcw kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\hpambn \n¿ΔNn°s∏´n´p≈ GsX¶nepw {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ G¿s∏´Xmbn At\zjWØnIs≠Ønbn´ps≠¶ntem; DØchphgn d±m°pItbm kkvs]‚ v sNøpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iognse DØchns\Xnscbp≈ Hcp A∏o¬ ]cnioe\w \SØp∂ ÿew ÿnXnsNøp∂ {]tZiØv A[nImcnXbp≈ C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv apºmsI \¬tI≠XmWv. 75. am v { Un¬ \ntcm[n°p∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkv t {S‰n\v , s]mXpkam[m\tam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xnt\m {Iakam[m\]me\Ønt\m A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv BhiyamsW∂v IcpXptºmsgms°bpw Bbpta¥ns°m≠p≈ GsX¶nepw amkv{Unt√m Iq´w tN¿∂p≈ ]cnioe\tam GsX¶nepw tLmjbm{XbnBbp[߃ sIm≠p \S°p∂tXm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂tXm At±lØns‚ A[nImcnXbp≈ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv s]mXp t\m´okpaqetam hy‡nIƒt°m kwLS\Iƒt°m \¬Ip∂ DØchv hgntbm \ntcm[n°mhp∂XmWv. hniZoIcWw ˛ Cu hIp∏ns‚ Bhiy߃°mbn “Bbp[߃” F∂m¬ B{IaWw \SØm\p≈ Bbp[ambn D]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsXmcp hkvXphpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ emØntbm hSntbm Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.

(2) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp \ntcm[\Øn\pw aq∂pamkØn¬ IqSpX{]m_eyap≠mbncn°p∂X√; F∂m¬, s]mXp kam[m\tam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xnt\m {Ikam[m\ ]me\Ønt\m A{]Imcw sNtø≠Xv BhiyamsW∂v k¿°m¿ IcpXp∂psh¶n¬ AXn\v Kk‰v hn⁄m]\w hgn, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw Hcp aPnkvt{S‰v ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ DØchns‚ \nba{]Imcap≈ Imemh[n Ahkm\n°pambncp∂ Znhkw apX¬ Bdv amkØn¬ IhnbmsXbp≈ Imebfhnte°v IqSn {]m_eyØn¬ hcpØmhp∂XmWv. 76. GsX¶nepw sXcpthm s]mXpÿetam dnk¿Δv sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw ˛ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°v hnt[bambn s]mXphmb t\m´okpaqew GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam, GsX¶nepw s]mXpBhiyØn\mbn Xm¬°menIambn \o°nhbv°mhp∂Xpw At±lw \n›bnt®°mhp∂ \n_‘\Iƒ {]Imca√msX A{]Imcw dnk¿Δv sNøs∏´ {]tZiØv P\߃ {]thin°p∂Xv \ntcm[n°mhp∂XpamWv.

77. i_vZwaqeap≠mIp∂ ieyw \nb{¥n°¬.˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp {]tZiØv hkn°p∂ s]mXpP\Ønt\m, Bfnt\m, ieyw, D]{Zhw, AtcmNIXzw, lm\n As√¶n¬ A]IS km≤yX F∂nh XSbp∂Xn\mbn A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv Bhiysa∂v t_m[ys∏Sp∂psh¶n¬ GsX¶nepw sXcphntem Xpd mb ÿetØm, at‰sX¶nepw sI´nSØntem; (F) GsX¶nepw hmbv∏mt´m D]IcW kwKoXtam {]kwKtam; (_n) i_vZw D≠m°pItbm ]pds∏Sphn°pItbm ]p\x]pds∏Sphn°pItbm h¿≤n∏n°pItbm sNøm≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw D]IcWØns‚tbm D]mbØns‚tbm GsX¶nepw coXnbnep≈ D]tbmKwaqew D≠mIp∂ i_vZßtfm; (kn) i_vZtam H®tbm D≠m°p∂tXm AXn\p ImcWamIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw I®hStam sXmgntem {]h¿Ø\tam; \ntcm[n°p∂Xnt\m {IaoIcn°p∂Xnt\m th≠n {]tXyIambtXm s]mXphmbtXm Bb bp‡amb \n¿t±i߃ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v kzta[bmtbm (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ DØchpaqew k¶Sa\p`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ At]£bnt∑tem Aßs\bp≈ GsX¶nepw DØchv d±m°pItbm cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm hyXymks∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 78. A{Iaw XSbp∂Xn\p≈ dKptej\pIƒ˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v s]mXpkam[m\hpw s]mXpkpc£bpw kwc£nt°≠Xn\v Bhiysa∂ kmlNcyßfn\n∂v t_m≤yambm¬ ]Xns\©p ZnhkØn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v s]mXphmbn hnfw_cs∏SpØnbtXm hy‡nIsf kwt_m[\ sNbvXp sImt≠m D≈ hn⁄m]\w hgn GsX¶nepw ÿeØv˛ (F) \ioIcW hkvXpthm, kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm shSnacp∂pItfm I√pItfm a‰v ansskepItfm As√¶n¬ ansskepIƒ D≠m°p∂Xnt\m sXmSpØphnSp∂Xnt\m Ignhp≈ D]IcWßtfm B{IaWØn\p]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw Bbp[ßtfm at‰sX¶nepw hkv X p°tfm Xømdm°p∂tXm tiJcn°p∂tXm sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm; (_n) Poh\p≈hsctbm arXtZlßsftbm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm ; (kn) kmapZmbnItam aX]ctam Bb hnImcw Bfn°Øn°p∂tXm, kZmNmcØns‚ s]mXp \nehmcsØ [zwkn°p∂tXm s]mXp kam[m\sØ KpcpXcambn _m[n°p∂tXm cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£ A]mbs∏SpØp∂tXm Bb Nn{X߃, Nn”߃, π°m¿UpIƒ, A®Sn® ISemkpIƒ, eLpteJIƒ, ]pkvXI߃, HmUntbm hoUntbm sd°m¿UnwKpIƒ, UnPn‰¬ sd°m¿UpIƒ, t]mÃdpIƒ, _m\dpIƒ F∂nh Xømdm°p∂tXm, {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm, {]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂tXm, hnXcWw sNøp∂tXm {]Ncn∏n°p∂tXm; GsX¶nepw coXnbn¬ \ntcm[n°pItbm \nb{¥n°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.

(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcapff GsXmcp \ntcm[\hpw ewLn®psIm≠v GsX¶nepw Bƒ D]tbmKn®tXm sIm≠pt]mbtXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphns\bpw Uyq´nbnepff t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv. 79. s]mXpktΩf\߃ \nb{¥n°¬:˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp {]tZisØ s]mXpkam[m\tam im¥ntbm {Iakam[m\tam kwc£n°p∂Xn\mbn AØcw \S]Sn \ymbbp‡amsW∂v DØat_m≤yw hcnIbmsW¶n¬ GsXmcp coXnbnepapff s]mXpktΩf\tam tLmjbm{Xtbm s]mXphmbn hnfw_cw sNbvX hn⁄m]\w hgn A\phZn°mhp∂tXm \nb{¥n°mhp∂tXm {IaoIcn°mhp∂tXm BWv. (2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ hnfw_cs∏SpØnb GsXmcp hn⁄m]\Øn\pw AXns‚ hnfw_cØobXn apX¬ ]Xn\©p ZnhkØn¬ IqSpX¬ {]m_eyw D≠mbncn°p∂X√.

(3) k¿°mcn\v kzta[bmtbm GsX¶nepw hy‡nbpsS At]£bnt∑tem At\zjWw \SØn (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsXmcp DØchpw d±m°pItbm t`ZKXn hcpØpItbm AXns‚ Imemh[n \o´pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (4) Xnc°pff s]mXp\ncØpIfnse {]IS\߃ P\PohnXsØ kmcambn _m[n°p∂n√msb∂v Dd∏phcpØm\mbn k¿°mcn\v s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb Hcp DØchneqsS AØcw {]IS\ßtfm, dmentbm, ktΩf\tam, \n¿±njvS ÿeßfntem \Kc{]tZißfnse GsX¶nepw \n¿t±in°s∏´ hgnIfneqsStbm am{Xta \SØmhq F∂v hy‡am°mhp∂XmWv. 80. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v dKptej\pIƒ D≠m°Wsa∂v˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v At±lw DNnXsa∂v IcpXp∂ GsX¶nepw Xt±i {]tZiØv Xt±im[nImcÿm\hpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpambn IqSnbmtemNn®v , ImemImeßfn¬ C\n ]dbp∂hbv ° mbn sdKptej\pIƒ D≠m°n hn⁄m]\w sNømhp∂XmWv. (F) s]mXpkzØn\v tISp]mSv hcpØp∂tXm hrØnlo\am°p∂tXm \in∏n°p∂tXm s]mXp ipNnXzsØtbm As√¶n¬ ]cnkcsØtbm A]ISs∏Sp Øp∂tXm Pemibßfpw Pet{kmX pIfpw aen\s∏SpØp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp {]hrØnbpw XSbpI; (_n) Xt±im[nImcÿm\߃ Dƒs∏sS £aXbpff A[nImcÿm\w \nivNbn°p∂ kabßfnepw ÿeßfnepw A√msX GsX¶nepw s]mXpkvYeØv GsX¶nepw hkvXp°ƒ \nt£]n°p∂Xv XSbpI; (kn) \n¿±njv S dKptej\pIƒ°\pkrXambn´√msX sXcphpIfnepsStbm sXcphpIfnse hoSpIfntet°m, sI´nSßfntebvt°m,hoSpIfn¬ \nt∂m sI´nSßfn\nt∂m hnk¿÷yhkv X p°tfm D]{ZhIcamb hkv X p°tfm km[\ßtfm sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv Bhiyamb ipNnXzw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn \nb{¥n°pI;

(Un) GsX¶nepw sXcphneqsS ]I¿®hym[nItfm kmw{IanItcmKßfpfftXm Bb BfpIsftbm arKßsftbm arKßfpsStbm a\pjycpsStbm ihicoctam AhbpsS `mKßtfm AdhpimeIfn¬ \n∂pff D—njvStam amcIamb ssPh cmk ]Zm¿∞ßtfm CeIvt{SmWnIv thÃpItfm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm {IaoIcn°pI. (C) GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISw D≠mtb°mhp∂ XcØnepff sI´nS߃, πm‰vt^mapIƒ a‰pXcØnepff FSp∏pIƒ F∂nhbpsS \n¿ΩmWw A‰Ip‰∏Wn, s]mfn®p\o°¬ F∂nh {IaoIcn°pI; (F^v) {Sm^n°ns\ _m[n°mhp∂ hn[Øn¬ sshZypXn, Pew, amen\y\n¿Ωm¿÷\w, hnhchn\nabw, hm¿Ømhn\nabw, \n¿Ωm¿÷\w, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬, ]ckyw, IpgnsbSp°¬, th¿Xncn°¬ apXemb Bhiy߃°mbn \ncØpIfn¬ GsX¶nepw {]hrØn Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v apºv AØcw {]hrØn kabØv t]meokn\v _Z¬ kwhn[m\w sNøp∂Xn\pw s]mXpP\ßfpsS _p≤nap´v eLqIcn°p∂Xn\pw AØcØnepff tPmenIƒ hnhn[ hIp∏pIƒ XΩn¬ GtIm]n∏n®p \SØp∂Xn\pw _‘s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw t]meokpw XΩnep≈ GtIm]\Øn\pap≈ \S]SnIƒ BhjvIcn®v {IaoIcn°pI; (Pn) ]I¿®hym[ntbm kmw{IanItcmKtam XSbp∂Xn\v ÿehmknIsfs°m≠v AhchcpsS DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem Dff sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw ipNnbm°p∂Xn\pw AWphnap‡am°p∂Xn\pw tcmK_m[nXtcm tcmKw Ds≠∂v kwibn°s∏Sp∂tXm Bb BfpIsftbm, arKßsftbm am‰n∏m¿∏n°p∂Xn\pw {IaoIcWw sNøpI; (F®v ) hgnbm{X°m¿t°m ]cnkchmknIƒt°m D≠mIp∂ XS ߃, AkuIcy߃, _p≤nap´pIƒ, A]mbkm≤yX, A]ISw As√¶n¬ apdnhv apXembh XSbp∂Xn\pth≠n;˛ (i) s]mXphnlmcÿeßfpambn _‘s∏´ {]h¿Ø\ßfpw; (ii) sXcphpIfnepw s]mXpÿeßfnepw AhnsSbpff sI´nSßfnepw s]mXp kpc£bpambn _‘s∏´ {IaoIcWßfpw; (iii) ]md s]m´n°epw; (iv) GsX¶nepw \n¿ΩmWw, tISp]mSv Xo¿°¬ As√¶n¬ A‰Ip‰∏Wnbpw; (v) GsX¶nepw hmWnPy {]h¿Ø\ßfpw; \nb{¥n°pI.

(2) A{]Imcap≈ Hmtcm sdKptej\pw AXv FhnsSbmtWm \S∏nemt°≠Xv AhnsS {]kn≤oIcnt°≠Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXv ]men°phm≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. 81. X¿°w \ne\n¬°p∂ Bƒ°q´ßfnse {Iakam[m\]me\w ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw ÿeØv GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ NStßm {]IS\tam {]Z¿i\tam kwLSnXamb P\°q´tam Bbn _‘s∏´v AXns‚ \SØn∏ntem AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xns\∏‰ntbm Dff Hcp X¿°tam hmKzmZtam \ne\n¬°p∂psh∂pw BbXv kam[m\`RvP\Ønte°v \bn°m≥ km≤yXbps≠∂pw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v t_m≤ys∏´m¬, _‘s∏´ hy‡nIƒ Fßs\ s]cpamdWsa∂Xns\ kw_‘n®v AØcw kmlNcy߃°\pkrXambn At±lØn\v DNnXamb DØchpIƒ \¬Imhp∂XmWv. (2) AØcw DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°ptºmƒ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v _‘s∏´ BfpIfpsSbpw I£nIfpsSbpw {]Xy£amb \nbamhImi߃°pw GsX¶nepw ÿm]nX BNmc߃°pw \ymbamb ]cnKW\ \¬Inbncnt°≠XmWv. (3) Aßs\bp≈ F√m DØchpIfpw AXv \S∏nem°p∂ {]tZiØv {]kn≤s∏SptØ≠Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXn\v hnt[bamIpw hn[w {]h¿Øn°m≥ _m≤yÿcpamWv. (4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ GsXmcp DØchpw A[nImcnXbp≈ Hcp tImSXn ]pds∏Sphn® hn[nt°m DØchnt\m hncp≤amsW∂v Pn√m aPnkv t {S‰n\v t_m[ys∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah ]n≥hen°pItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNtø≠XpamWv. 82. Ahiytkh\߃ \¬tI≠ BfpIƒ ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nt\m k¿°mcnt\m GsX¶nepw {]mtZinI ÿeßfn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ kmlNcy߃ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v, kam[m\w \ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\v BhiyambtXm s]mXpP\߃°v A]ISw Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m GsX¶nepw A]ISßfn¬ \nt∂m Zpc¥ßfn¬ \nt∂m Poh\pw kzØn\pw A]mbw kw`hn°p∂Xv XSbp∂Xnt\m th≠n GsX¶nepw BfpIfpsStbm BfpIfpsS kwLßfpsStbm ÿm]\ßfpsStbm sXmgn¬]cambtXm am\knItam imcocnItam ImbnItam Bb tkh\ßsf Bhiys∏Sm\pw AØcw BfpIfpw kwLßfpw ÿm]\ßfpw AØcw tkh\߃ AhcpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n \¬Iphm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv. (2) AØcw tkh\w \¬Ip∂ AfpIfpw ÿm]\ßfpw \ymbamb {]Xn^eØn\pw Ah¿°v sNehmb XpI aS°n°n´phm\pw A¿lcmbncn°p∂Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v Aßs\bp≈ XpI Ah¿°p \¬Iphm≥ DNnXamb \S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.

83. {]tXyI kpc£m taJeIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ip]m¿ibnt∑tem a‰p hn[Øntem B {]tZiØp≈ hninjvS hy‡nt°m As√¶nkwc£Ww \¬Is∏Sp∂ Bfnt\m As√¶n¬ AhnsS ÿnXnsNøp∂ GsX¶nepw {][m\s∏´ ÿm]\Ønt\m ]cnkc߃t°m t\scbp≈ ISpØ kpc£m`ojWnbpsS ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØ Hcp {]tXyI kpc£m taJebmbn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv. (2) k¿°mcn\v, Aßs\bp≈ {]tXyI kpc£mtaJebnse sI´nS ]cnkc ßfptSbpw hml\ßfptSbpw D]tbmKsØ kw_‘n®pw {]kvXpX {]tZisØ hy‡nIfptSbpw hml\ßfptSbpw hkvXp°fptSbpw \o°w kw_‘n®pw \ymbamb \nb{¥W߃ \n¿t±in°mhp∂Xpw, {]kvXpX \nb{¥W߃ ]men°p∂Xn\mhiyamb \n¿t±i߃ _‘s∏´h¿°v t]meokptZymKÿ¿ \¬Imhp∂XpamWv. A≤ymbw 7 tkh\ hyhÿIƒ 84. tkh\ hyhÿIƒ k¿°m¿ \n›bn°Wsa∂v ˛ 1968 se tIcf ]ªnIv k¿Δokkv BIv‰ntebpw (1968 se 19) AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfntebpw hyhÿIƒ°p hnt[bambn t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS \nba\w, ]cnioe\w, iºfw, ÿewam‰w, a‰v tkh\ hyhÿIƒ F∂nh s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchn≥ {]Imcw k¿°mcn\v \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δokn¬ AwKßfmbp≈ DtZymKÿsc kw_‘n°p∂ hyhÿIƒ 1951 se Hmƒ C¥y k¿Δokkv BIv‰pw (1951se 61˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) AXns‚ Iognep≈ N´ßfpw {]Imcambncn°Ww. 85. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A®S°Øn\v hnt[bcmbncn°Ww. ˛ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw, t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°p∂Xn\v sXcs™SpØtijw ]cnioe\Øn¬ G¿s∏´ncn°p∂ BfpIfpw A®S°w kw_‘n® hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambncn°p∂Xpw Ah¿,˛ (F)k¿°mtcm kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhntbm \n›bn°p∂ hn[Øn¬ s]mXp A`n{]mb {]IS\w, kwLwtNc¬, cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø\w, I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂pw ]n≥amd¬, Ahcn¬ \n∂pw {]Xo£n°p∂ s]mXphmbXpw kzImcyambXpamb s]cpam‰w F∂nhbn\ymbamb \nb{¥W߃ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw; (_n) AhcpsS \nba]camb I¿Øhy߃ \nbam\pkrXambn aXnbmb ss[cytØmSpw \n›bZm¿VytØmSpw \n£v]£XtbmSpwIqSn XßfpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n {]tbmP\s∏SpØn \n¿Δlnt°≠Xn\pw; (kn) t]meokn\v t\cns´Sp°mhp∂ Ip‰IrXy߃ XSbp∂Xn\pw F√mbvt∏mgpw \nbaw \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw XßfpsS F√m Ignhpw \nbahnt[bambn {]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw;

(Un) A[nImcs∏´ taeptZymKÿ¿, aPnkvt{S‰pam¿, PpUojy¬ DtZymKÿ¿ F∂nhcpsS DØchpIƒ \nbam\pkrXw \S∏nem°phm\pw taeptZymKÿcpsS hy‡amb A\paXnbn√msX XßfpsS tPmenbn¬ \n∂pw kzbw ]n∑mdmXncn°p∂Xn\pw; (C) NpaXes∏´ A[nImcn \n›bn°p∂ coXnbnepff bqWnt^mw \n›nX AhkcØnepw \n›nX I¿Øhy߃ \n¿Δln°ptºmgpw [cn°p∂Xn\pw; (F^v) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn s]mXphmtbm {]tXyIamtbm ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØch\pkcn®v Hmtcm I¿Øhyßfn¬ G¿s∏Sptºmgpw a‰v Ahkcßfnepw s]cpamdp∂Xn\pw; _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv. 86. t]meokv DtZymKÿ \nba\Øn\pff AtbmKyXIƒ˛ (1) GsXmcmfpw ˛ (F) `mcX ]uc≥ A√mXncn°pItbm; (_n) A{Itam’pIXtbm Akm∑m¿§nIXtbm Dƒs°mffp∂ Hcp {Inan\Ip‰Øn\v tImSXn in£n®n´pfftXm; (kn) am\knIamtbm imcocnIamtbm s]cpam‰w sImt≠m t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy߃ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\v AtbmKy\mbtXm; (Un) cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nbn¬ AwKXzapfftXm t]meokv tk\bn¬ \nba\w e`n®tijw t\ctØ e`n® AwKXzw Ahkm\n∏n°m≥ XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm; (C) GsX¶nepw kmaqlytam, kmwkvImcnItam, aX]ctam, imkv{Xkw_‘ntbm Bb kwLS\bnse `mchmlnXzw k¿°mtcm, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhntbm, Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhntbm Bhiys∏´n´pw Dt]£n°phmt\m Ahkm\n∏n°phmt\m XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm; (F^v) GsX¶nepw \ntcm[n°s∏´n´pff kwLS\bn¬ AwKambncn°pItbm; Bbm¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°s∏Smt\m t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn tPmenbn¬ XpScphmt\m A¿lXbn√mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) Hcp hy‡ns°Xnsc tImSXnbn¬ A{Itam’pIXbv°pw Akm∑m¿§nI {]h¿ØnIƒ°pw {Inan\¬ tIkv \nehneps≠¶nepw Abmƒ°v t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nba\Øn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xn\pw sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂Xn\pw ]cnioe\Øn\pw A¿lXbp≠mbncn°psa¶nepw Abmƒ Ip‰hnap‡\mbtijw am{Xta ÿncw \nba\Øn\v A¿lXbp≠mbncn°pIbpffq.

(3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \nba\Øn\v tijw Ft∏msg¶nepw (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ (F) apX¬ (F^v) hscbpff C\ßfn¬ Dƒs∏´n´pffXmbn Is≠ØpIbmsW¶n¬ {]kvXpX DtZymKÿs\ DSs\ Xs∂ \nba\ A[nImcn°v kkvs]‚ v sNømhp∂Xpw, adn®v sXfnbn°p∂Xn\v \ymbamb Ahkcw \¬InbXn\v tijw Abmsf DtZymKØn¬ \n∂pw ]ncn®phnSpItbm, \o°w sNøpItbm, \n¿_‘ambn hncan∏n°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv. 87. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ kXy{]Xn⁄ sNtø≠XmWv˛ (1) Cu BIv‰v A\pkcn®v t]meokv tk\bn¬ tNcp∂ Hmtcm AwKhpw ]cnioe\w hnPbIcambn ]q¿Ønbm°n°gn™v \nba\m[nImcn°v apºmsItbm At±lØm¬ \nbp‡\mb Hcp hy‡nbpsS apºmsItbm \n›nX coXnbnepff Hcp {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ _m[yÿ\mWv. (2) A{]Imcw {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ Hcmƒ hnkΩXn°pIbmsW¶n¬ AbmfpsS \nba\w Akm[phmIp∂XmWv. 88. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v A[nImcØns‚ tcJ \¬tI≠XmWv.˛(1) Hcp hy‡n t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°s∏Sp∂tXmsS B hy‡n°v Cu BIv‰v A\pkcn®v t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\v A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ tcJ \¬tI≠XmWv. F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ \n›bn®n´pff ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSn hnPbIcambn ]q¿Ønbm°msX Hcp hy‡nsb t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°phm≥ ]mSpffX√.

(2) hnPbIcambn ]cnioe\w ]q¿Ønbm°p∂ Hcp hy‡nbpsS ]cnioe\ Imebfhv \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw Uyq´nbmbn ]cnKWn°p∂XmWv. 89. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ G√mbvt∏mgpw Uyq´nbnembncn°psa∂v˛ Ah[nbntem, kkvs]‚ v sNbvXn´pfftXm, {]tXyIambn Hgnhm°nbn´p≈tXm A√msXbpff apgph≥ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Cu BIv‰v A\pkcn®pff F√m Imcy߃°pw, G√mbvt∏mgpw I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\v _m[yÿcpw, GXp kabØpw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn Xocpam\n°p∂Xv A\pkcn®v C¥ybnse GXp `mKØpw tPmen sNøp∂Xn\v _m[yÿcpambncn°pw.

90. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ GXp hn`mKØnepw tkh\a\pjvTn°Wsa∂v˛ kwÿm\ t]meoknse apgph≥ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Ahsc sXcs™SpØXpw, \nban®Xpw GXphn`mKØnemsW¶nepw, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn DØchnSp∂]£w Ah¿ t]meokv tk\bn¬ \n¿Δlnt°≠ GsXmcp tPmenbnepw Xm¬°menIambn \nban°s∏Sphm≥ _m[yÿcmWv. 91 t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂v ]n≥amdphm≥ ]mSn√mØXmsW∂v ˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbptStbm, At±lw A[nImcs∏SpØnb DtZymKÿs‚tbm hy‡amb A\paXnbn√msX Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw Xs‚ DtZymKØn¬ \n∂pw cmPn hbv°pItbm, I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂v kzbw ]n≥amdpItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(2) \nbam\pkcWw Ah[nbn¬ {]thin®v tPmenbn¬ \n∂pw hn´p \n¬°p∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ A\phZn® Ah[nbpsS Imemh[n ]q¿Ønbm°nbtijw \ymbamb ImcWw IqSmsX XncnsI tPmenbn¬ {]thin°p∂ns√¶n¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ Cu hIp∏nkqNn∏n®n´p≈ coXnbn¬ tPmenbn¬ \n∂v kzbw hn´p \n¬°p∂Xmbn IW°m°php∂XmWv. 92. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ a‰v sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏ScpsX∂v ˛ kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ HgnsIbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ tPmen A√msX a‰v bmsXmcp sXmgnentem, DtZymKØntem G¿s∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

93. kkvs]≥j\nep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°cpsX∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xm≥ hln°p∂ XkvXnIbn¬ \n∂pw kkvs]≥j\nBbm¬ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ\n¬ \n£n]v X amb A[nImcßfpw {]tXyI AhImißfpw C√mXmIp∂XmWv. (2) kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏Sp∂Xn\v apºv _m[Iambncp∂ A®S°w kw_‘n® N´ßƒ°pw \nb{¥W A[nImcnIƒ°pw kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏´ Bƒ ]q¿Æambpw hnt[b\mbncn°p∂XmWv. (3) Hcp DtZymKÿ\v Xs‚ t\cn´p≈ ta¬t\m´Øn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Xmgv∂ ]Zhnbnep≈ DtZymKÿs\ AbmfpsS \n›nXamb NpaXeIfn¬ \n∂v Abmƒ kkvs]≥j\n¬ As√¶n¬ t]mepw GXv kabØpw ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm am‰n \n¿Ømhp∂XmWv. (4) (3) ˛mw D]hIp∏v A\pkcn®v \S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂ DtZymKÿ≥, \nb{¥Ww G¿s∏SpØn Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn\Iw \S]Sn°p≈ ImcWßfpw hkvXpXIfpw \nba\m[nImcnsb tcJmaqew Adnbnt°≠Xpw \nba\m[nImcn Ggv ZnhkØn\p≈n\S]Sn ÿncoIcn°pItbm t`ZKXn sNøpItbm sNøp∂ns√¶n¬ \nb{¥W \S]SnIƒ°v km[pX C√mXmhp∂XpamWv. 94. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ Bhiym\pkcWw F{X kabw tPmen sNøphm\pw _m[yÿcmsW¶nepw km[mcWbmbn Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSpX¬ tPmen Ahcn¬ \n∂v {]Xo£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(2) Hgnhm°m\mImØtXm ASnb¥nctam Bb tPmen D≠mIptºmƒ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSmhp∂XmWv.

F∂m¬, GsX¶nepw Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°q¿ Imebfhn¬ F´v aWn°qdne[nIw tPmen sNbvXp F∂ ImcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw taeptZymKÿcpsS A\paXnbn√msX X\n°v \¬Is∏´ GsX¶nepw tPmen sNømXncn°pItbm, GsX¶nepw ASnb¥nctam AXymhiytam Bb tPmenbn¬ \n∂v kzbw ]n≥hmßpItbm sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

95. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ `ocpXzw {]ISn∏n°cpsX∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ \nba]camb NpaXe \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\nSbn¬ kmlNcyØn\v A\pkrXambn imcocnI A]ISkm≤yX t\cnSp∂Xn\v k∂≤cmbncnt°≠XmWv. (2) `ocpXzwaqew Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ tPmen°nSbn¬ \ymbamb {]hrØnbn¬ \n∂v ]n≥amdpItbm A\ymbamb {]hrØnbn¬ G¿s∏SpItbm sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ \nba]camb NpaXe \ndth‰p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw GsX¶nepw hy‡ntbmtSm hkv X phnt\mtSm D≈ `bwaqew A\[nIrXambn ]n≥hmßpIbmsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs\ `ocpXzØn\v Ip‰°mc\mbn IcptX≠XmWv. (4)Hcp {]hrØnaqew Bk∂acWtam KpcpXcamb ]cnt°m Dd∏mWv F∂v \ymbambpw IcpXmhp∂ kmlNcyØn¬ B {]hrØn kzta[bm sNøphm≥ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿt\bpw Cu hIp∏nep≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ \n¿_‘n°p∂X√.

96. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ AgnaXnbpw ]oU\hpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøWsa∂v ˛ (1) Xs‚ km∂n≤yØnepw X\n°v hy‡ambn Adnbmhp∂ kmlNcyØnepw AgnaXntbm IÃUnbnep≈ Hcmfns\Xncmbn Ip‰IrXyw kΩXn∏n°p∂Xnt\m sXfnhp≠m°p∂Xnt\m th≠nbp≈ imcocnI ]oU\tam \S°pIbmsW∂v Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v DØa t_m≤yw D≈ kmlNcyØn¬, BbXv t\cn´v NpaXes∏´ sU]yq´n t]meokv kq{]≠ns\tbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhntbtbm Adnbn°phm≥ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ _m[yÿ\mbncn°p∂XmWv. (2) DØahnizmktØmSpIqSn A{]Imcw Adnbn°p∂Xv Xs∂°mƒ Db¿∂ t{iWnbnep≈ DtZymKÿs\XnscbmWv F∂p≈ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw B {]hrØn A®S°ewL\ambn IW°m°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(3) A{]Imcw Adnbn®n√ F∂ H‰°mcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ {]kvXpX AgnaXnbntem, ]oU\Øntem ]¶mfnbmtbm kwc£I\mtbm klmbnbmtbm {]h¿Øn®p F∂v IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

F∂m¬, A{]Imcw Adnbn°mXncn°p∂ t]meokptZymKÿs\ hIp∏pXe A®S° \S]SnIƒ°v hnt[b\mt°≠XmWv. 97. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS Ipd™ DtZymK Imemh[n˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn, td©ns‚ NpaXebp≈ C≥kv s ]Iv S ¿ P\d¬am¿, t]meokv Pn√bpsS NpaXebp≈ t]meokv kq{]≠pam¿ As√¶n¬ IΩojW¿am¿, tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿am¿ F∂nh¿°v G‰hpw Ipd™Xv c≠v h¿jw DtZymKImemh[n k¿°m¿ Dd∏mt°≠XmWv.

F∂m¬, k¿Δokn¬ \n∂v hncan°¬ s{]mtamj≥, XcwXmgvج, kkvs]≥j≥, Ah[n XpSßnb kmlNcyßfn¬ CXv _m[IamIp∂X√.

(2)C\n (F) apX¬ (F^v ) hsc ]dbp∂ ImcWßfm¬ k¿°mcnt\m \nba\m[nImcnt°m {]YaZrjvSym t_m≤yw hcnIbmsW¶n¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\, AbmfpsS t]cn¬ kzoIcn°m\nSbp≈ \nba]ctam hIp∏pXeØntem D≈ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°phm\p≈ kzmX{¥yw ap≥hn[nbn√msX \ne\n¿Øns°m≠v, Abmsf km[mcW DtZymK Imemh[nbmb c≠v h¿jw ]q¿ØnbmIp∂Xn\v apºv ÿew am‰mhp∂XmWv (F) Abmƒ A®S° \S]Sn°v hnt[b\mhpI. (_n) A{Itam’pIXtbm Akm∑m¿KnIXtbm Dƒs∏Sp∂ Hcp {Inan\Ip‰IrXyØntem AgnaXnbntem Dƒs∏´Xmbn At\zjWØn¬ {]YaZrjvSym Is≠ØpI. (kn) imcocnIamtbm am\knIamtbm IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn\v A{]m]y\mbncn°pI. (Un) AbmfpsS {]h¿Ø\w hnebncpØp∂ taeptZymKkvY≥ Abmƒ Imcy£aambn tPmen sNøp∂n√m F∂v tcJmaqew dnt∏m¿´v sNøpI. (C) AbmfpsS A[nImc]cn[nbn¬ t]meokns‚ Imcy£aX kw_‘n®v s]mXpP\߃°v Imcyamb AXr]vXn D≠mhpI. (F^v) hln®v sIm≠ncn°p∂ ÿm\Øv \n∂v ÿewam‰w thWsa∂v Abmƒ tcJmaqew Bhiys∏SpI. 98. kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿.˛(1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v, k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°v hnt[bambn, tcJmaqeap≈ DØchneqsS k¬kz`mhnbpw BtcmKyhm\pw k∂≤\pamb ]Xns\´p hb n\pw Adp]Xv hb n\pw CSbn¬ {]mbap≈Xpw kvs]jyt]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ BIphm≥ tbmKy\pamb hy‡nsb {Iakam[m\ ]cn]me\Øn\v t]meokns\ klmbn°p∂Xn\v Xm¬°menIambn \nban°mhp∂XmWv. (2) A{]Imcw \nban°s∏Sp∂ Hmtcm kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw \nban°s∏Sptºmƒ,˛ (F) k¿°m¿ AwKoIcn® Hcp k¿´n^n°‰v e`n°p∂XmWv; (_n) Hcp km[mcW t]meokv DtZymKÿ\p≈Xpt]mep≈ A[nImcßfpw ]cnc£Ifpw D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw AXpt]mep≈ `cW]chpw A®S°sØ kw_‘n°p∂Xpamb \nb{¥W߃°v hnt[b\mbncn°p∂XpamWv; (kn) k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchv {]Imcap≈ thX\w e`n°p∂XmWv.

(3) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn Hcmfns\ \nban°p∂p F∂p≈Xv sIm≠pam{Xw Abmsf k¿°m¿ tPmenbn¬ ÿncamtbm Xm¬°menIamtbm FSpØXmbn IW°m°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpw, Abmƒ°v CtX ImcWØnt∑¬ `mhnbn¬ t]meokv tk\bn¬ sXcs™Sp°p∂Xn\v {]tXyI ]cnKW\ D≠mbncn°p∂Xpa√.

(4) {Iakam[m\]me\Øn\v hfscb[nIw BfpIsf ASnb¥ncambn Bhiyap≈ {]tXyI ]cnXÿnXnbn¬ k¿°m¿ DØchns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿsc \nban°mhp∂XmWv. (5) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ hnap‡`S∑mtcm, hncan® t]meokptZymKÿtcm, \mjW¬ k¿Δokv kvIow, \mjW¬ tIU‰v tIm¿]vk,v ÃpU‚ k v v t]meokv tIU‰v F∂nhbn¬ {]h¿Ø\]cnNbap≈htcm As√¶n¬ k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ \n›bn°p∂ kam\hn`mKØn¬s∏Sp∂htcm Bbncnt°≠XmWv. (6) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tkh\w GXp kabØpw ap∂dnbn∏n√msXbpw, {]tXyIn®v ImcWw ImWn°msXbpw, \jvS]cnlmcw \¬ImsXbpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Ahkm\n∏n°mhp∂XmWv. (7) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v Bbp[߃ \¬Iphmt\m tIkpIƒ, ]cmXnIƒ F∂nhbpsS At\zjWØn\v Ahsc NpaXes∏SpØphmt\m ]mSp≈X√.

99. hy‡n]camb ZmkyhrØn \ntcm[n°p∂p.˛(1) t]meokv tk\bpsS A¥ n\v \nc°mØXpw XcwXmgv∂Xpamb coXnbn¬ as‰mcmfpsS hy‡n]camb Bhiym\pkcWw ZmkyhrØn sNøphm≥ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿt\mSv Bhiys∏Smt\m Abmsf AXn\v \n¿_‘n°mt\m ]mSn√mØXmWv. F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏n¬ {]Xn]mZn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXe \nbam\pkcWw \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\mhiyamb GsX¶nepw {]hrØnIfn¬ \n∂pw hn´p\n¬°phm\p≈ AhImiw Hcp DtZymKÿ\pw \¬Ip∂X√.

100. {]hrØn IrXy\n¿ΔlWamtWm A√tbm F∂p≈Xv.˛ IrXy\n¿ΔlWhpambn _‘s∏´ GsX¶nepw hyhlmctam NnIn’tbm \jvS]cnlmctam t£aImcytam kw_‘n®v kmºØnI klmbtam \nbaklmbtam a‰p kuIcyßtfm Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ\v \¬tI≠XmtWm F∂v ]cnKWn°p∂ kμ¿`Øn¬,˛ (F) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ {]hrØn HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWØns‚ `mKambn sNbvXXmsWt∂m;

(_n) Hcp kw`hw t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ \nbam\pkcWap≈ HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWhpambn _‘s∏´ kmlNcy߃aqetam As√¶n¬ B DtZymKÿt\m a‰ptZymKÿtcm ssIs°m≠ t]meokv \S]SnIƒ aqeapfhmb hntZzjw sImt≠m D≠mbXmsWt∂m; (kn) t]meokv DtZymKÿ\p≠mb ]cn°v HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWØnkw`hn®XmsWt∂m; (Un) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\p≠mb ]cnt°m \jv S tam Abmtfm a‰v t]meokptZymKÿtcm \nbam\pkcWw HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWw \SØnbXpaqew D≠mb hntZzjØns‚ ^eambn D≠mbXmsWt∂m; Xocpam\nt°≠Xmbps≠¶n¬ _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ At]£bnt∑kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m DNnXamb At\zjWw \SØn {]kvXpX DtZymKÿ\v kmºØnIklmbtam \nbaklmbtam a‰p kuIcyßtfm \¬Ip∂Xv kw_‘n®v Xocpam\n®v \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Cu Xocpam\w aXnbmb ImcWßfps≠¶n¬ k¿°mcn\v ]p\x]cntim[n°mhp∂Xpw DNnXamb Xocpam\w A¥naambn ssIs°m≈mhp∂XpamWv. 101. hIp∏pXe in£W \S]SnIƒ.˛(1) Cu BIv ‰ n≥Iogntem, X’abw {]m_eyØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØn≥Iogntem Ahbv°v Iognep≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam DØcthm {]Imctam GsX¶nepw t]meokptZymKÿ≥ s]cpam‰Zqjytam, Ip‰tam sNøpIbmsW¶n¬ BbXn\v k¿°m¿ hn⁄m]\w sNbvXn´p≈ A®S°w, in£, A∏oapXembh kw_‘n® N´ßƒ {]Imcw Abmsf hIp∏pXe in£W \S]Sn°v hnt[b\m°mhp∂XmWv. (2) GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿs\Xnsc N´ßƒ A\pkcn®p≈ in£W \S]Sn°v ]pdta tImSXn apºmsI {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hyhÿIƒ {]Imcap≈ \S]Sn Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v DØchnSmhp∂XmWv. (3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ hIp∏pXe At\zjWØnIp‰°mc\msW∂v I≠v GsX¶nepw in£W \S]SnIƒ°v hnt[b\m°p∂Xpaqew, Cu BIv‰v Dƒs∏sS bmsXmcp BIv‰n≥ Iognepw Abmƒ {Inan\¬ Ip‰hmfnbmsWt∂m {Inan\¬ \nba{]Imcw in£mhn[n°v hnt[b\mb BfmsWt∂m hymJym\n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(4) hIp∏pXe At\zjWw ]q¿Ønbmbtijw Ip‰°mc\msW∂v ImWp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿs\Xncmbn Xmsg (F) apX¬ (Iyp)hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ GsX¶nepw in£W \S]Sn A[nImcnXbp≈ DtZymKÿt\m k¿°mcnt\m kzoIcn°m hp∂XmWv.

(F) ]ng; (_n) {Un√pw ImbnI ]cnioe\hpw Dƒs∏sSbp≈ A[nI tPmen; (kn) k¿°mcn\p≠mb kmºØnI \jvSw iºfØn¬ \n∂pw Xncn®v ]nSn°pI; (Un) _‘s∏´ I£n°p≠mb kmºØnI \jvSw iºfØn¬ \n∂pw Xncn®v ]nSn°pI; (C)

tPmenbpw s]cpam‰hpw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\p≈ ]cnioe\w \¬I¬;

(F^v)\n›nX {]tXyI tPmen sNøp∂Xn¬ \nt∂m, \n›nX {]tXyI ]Zhn \¬Ip∂Xn¬ \nt∂m \ntcm[n°pI; (Pn)

Xm°oXv;

(F®v) imk\; (sF) k©nX ^etØmsSb√msXbp≈ C≥{Insa‚ v XSb¬; (sP) k©nX ^etØmsSbp≈ C≥{Insa‚ v XSb¬; (sI) s{]mtamj≥ XS¬; (F¬)k©nX ^ean√msX iºfw Ipdbv°pI; (Fw) k©nX ^etØmsS iºfw Ipdbv°pI; (F≥) ko\ntbmdn‰nbntem dm¶ntem XcwXmgvØpI; (H)

\n¿_‘nX hncan°¬;

(]n)

\o°w sNø¬;

(Iyp) ]ncn®phnS¬.

(5) ta¬∏d™ (Pn) apX¬ (Iyp)hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ in£W\S]SnIƒ H‰bvt°m (F) apX¬ (F^v) hscbp≈ JWvUßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ in£W\S]SnIƒ°v ]pdtatbm \¬Imhp∂XmWv. (6) apIfn¬ (F) apX¬ (sP) hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ in£W\S]SnIƒ km[mcWbmbn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ s{]mtamj\v XS ambn ]cnKWn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(7) Cu hIp∏nep≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ A®S°\S]Snbpambn kw_‘n°p∂ Imcy߃ _‘s∏´ A[nImcnbpsStbm, GsX¶nepw tImSXnbpsStbm ]cnKW\bn¬ sIm≠phcp∂Xn¬ \n∂v XSbp∂X√.

(8) (1) Hcp t]meokptZymKÿs\ Hcp {Inan\¬ tImSXnbpsS hnNmcWbv°v tijw shdpsX hnSpIbmsW¶n¬ AtX kwKXn°v hIp∏pXe in£W \S]Sn kzoIcn°mhp∂XmsW¶nepw AtX hkvXpXIfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ hIp∏pXe At\zjWØn¬ AtX Ip‰Øn\v in£W\S]Sn°v hnt[b\m°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(2) [m¿ΩnI A[x]X\tam a‰v Kuchkz`mhap≈ s]cpam‰ Zqjytam D≈ Ip‰Øn\mWv tImSXn in£n®n´p≈sX¶n¬ B t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ _‘s∏´ A®S° A[nImcnt°m kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m k¿°mcnt\m Ip‰IrXyØns‚ kz`mhw ]cnKWn®v \n¿_‘nXambn hncan∏n°pItbm k¿Δokn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNøpItbm ]ncn®phnSpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. (9) apIfn¬ (F) apX¬ (F®v ) hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ in£W\S]SnIƒ A®S°w, in£Ww apXembh kw_‘n®v N´ßfn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≈ hniZamb \S]Sn{Ia߃ ]men°msX _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v \nc]cm[nXzw sXfnbn°m\p≈ \ymbamb Ahkcw \¬Inbtijw A[nImcs∏´ DtZymKÿ\v Xocpam\n°mhp∂XmWv. (10) Hmtcm dm¶nepap≈ DtZymKÿ¿s°Xncmbn hnhn[ in£W \S]SnIƒ GsX√mw A[nImcnIƒ°v kzoIcn°msa∂Xv t]meokns‚ A®S°w, in£, A∏o¬ F∂nhsb kw_‘n°p∂ N´ßfn¬ \njvI¿jn°p∂ {]Imcambncnt°≠XmWv. 102.kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn in£W\S]SnIƒ t{ImUoIcnt°≠ XmWv . ˛k¿°mcns‚ \n¿t±iØn\v hnt[bambn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn, kam\kz`mhap≈ s]cpam‰ Zqjy߃°v \¬Imhp∂ G‰hpw IqSnbXpw Ipd™Xpamb in£W\S]SnIƒ \n›bn®v t{ImUoIcnt°≠XmWv. F∂m¬, GsX¶nepw kmlNcyØn¬ t{ImUoIcn®n´p≈Xn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXamb in£W\S]Sn kzoIcn°Ww F∂ps≠¶n¬ AXv kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS AwKoImctØmSpIqSn Bbncnt°≠XmWv. 103. A∏oepw dnhnj\pw.˛t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿s°Xnsc kzoIcn°p∂ hIp∏pXe in£W\S]SnIfnt∑¬ A∏o¬, dnhnj≥ F∂nhbv°p≈ \S]Sn{Iaw CXv kw_‘n® N´ßfn¬ \njvI¿jn°p∂ {]Imcw Bbncnt°≠XmWv. 104. t]meokv sh¬^b¿ _yqtdm.˛(1) kwÿm\ t]meokn¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS t£aw kw_‘n® Imcyßfn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb klmbn°p∂Xn\pw D]tZin°p∂Xn\pw Ah \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\dens‚ ]Zhnbn¬ IpdbmØ Hcp DtZymKÿs‚ t\XrXzØn¬ Hcp t]meokv sh¬^b¿ _yqtdm D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv.

(2) _yqtdmbpsS NpaXeIfpw I¿Øhyßfpw a‰p ImcyßtfmsSm∏w, t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS t£aImcyßfpsS `cW\n¿ΔlWhpw \nco£Whpw Dƒs∏sS C\n ]dbp∂h Bbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv.˛ (F) BtcmKykwc£Ww, {]tXyIn®v KpcpXchpw hn´pamdmØXpamb tcmK_m[nXcmbh¿°pw k¿Δokn¬ \n∂v hncan® t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw AhcpsS B{inX¿°pw D≈ BtcmKy kwc£W ]≤XnIƒ; (_n) tPmen°nSbn¬ ]cn°v G¬°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v XzcnXhpw DZmchpamb sshZyklmbw; (kn) tPmen°nSbn¬ acWaSbp∂hcpsS AhIminIfpsS kmºØnI kpc£; (Un) hncan°en\ptijap≈ t]meokptZymKÿcpsS kmºØnI kpc£; (C) {Kq∏v `h\\n¿ΩmWhpw {Kq∏v hmbv]mkuIcyßfpw; (F^v) t]meokptZymKÿcpsS am\knI kwL¿j߃ eLqIcn°p∂Xn\v DXIp∂ ]≤XnIƒ; (Pn) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS B{inX¿°v hnZym`ymk kuIcy߃; (F®v ) \nba]camb I¿Øhy\n¿ΔlWhpambn t\cn´v _‘w D≈tXm I¿Øhy\n¿ΔlWØns‚ t]cn¬ D≠mb hntcm[w aqetam t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v \nba\S]SnIƒ t\cntS≠nhcptºmƒ AXv Imcy£aambn {]Xntcm[n°m\p≈ \nba]camb kuIcyw G¿s∏Spج.

(3) _yqtdmbn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn \n›bn°p∂ ]Øn¬ IhnbmØ D]tZiI AwK߃ D≠mbncnt°≠Xpw Ahsc kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn t]meoknse hnhn[ dm¶pIfn¬ \n∂v c≠v h¿jtØ°v \ma\n¿t±iw sNtø≠XpamWv. (4) _yqtdm, t]meokns‚ t£aw kw_‘n® \bßfpw am\ZWv U ßfpw \n›bnt°≠Xpw hnhn[ t]meokv bqWn‰pIfnse t£a{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ta¬t\m´w hlnt°≠XpamWv. (5) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS t£a{]h¿Ø\߃°pw ]≤XnIƒ°pw th≠n _yqtdmbpsS \nb{¥WØnepw `cW\n¿ΔlWØnepw Hcp t]meokv t£a\n[n cq]oIcnt°≠Xpw AXn¬ C\n∏dbp∂ coXnbn¬ [\w kzcq]n°mhp∂XpamWv,˛ (F) k¿°mcns‚ [\klmbhpw k¿°m¿ A\phZn°p∂ a‰p coXnbnep≈ \nt£]ßfpw hmbv]Ifpw;

(_n) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS AwimZmbw; (kn) in£W \S]Snbmbn t]meokptZymKÿcn¬ \n∂v hkqem°p∂ ]ng; (Un) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ A\phZn°p∂ {]Imcw hy‡nIfn¬ \nt∂m ÿm]\ßfn¬ \nt∂m D≈ kw`mh\; (C) t£a{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS `mKambn \SØs∏Sp∂ ÿm]\Øn¬ \nt∂m ]cn]mSnIfn¬ \nt∂m D≈ {]h¿Ø\em`w; (F^v) t]meokv tkh\Øn\mbn GsX¶nepw hy‡nbn¬ \nt∂m ÿm]\Øn\nt∂m CuSm°p∂ XpIbn¬ k¿°m¿ A\phZn°p∂ Hcp \n›nX iXam\w.

105. t]meokv FÃmªnjvsa‚ v t_m¿Uv ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, t]meokv UbdIvS¿ P\dsNb¿am\mbpw, t]meokv AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\dens‚ ]Zhnbn¬ IpdbmØ a‰p \mev ko\nb¿ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ AwKßfmbpw D≈ Hcp hIp∏pXe t]meokv FÃmªnjvsa‚ v t_m¿Uv cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv. (2) t_m¿Uv AwKßfpsS HutZymKnI Imemh[nbpw, t_m¿Uns‚ {]h¿Ø\Øn\mbp≈ \S]Sn{Iahpw t_m¿Uv AXns‚ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂XnA\ph¿Ønt°≠ am\ZWvUßfpw k¿°mcn\v DØchp{]Imcw \n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv. 106. t_m¿Uns‚ NpaXeIƒ ˛ (1) t_m¿Uv C\n∏dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δlnt°≠XmWv,˛ (F) C≥kvs]IvS¿ apX¬ Xmtgm´p≈ dm¶nep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS ÿewam‰w, s{]mtamj≥ XpSßnb tkh\w kw_‘n® Imcyßfnep≈ ]cmXnbpw A∏oepw _‘s∏´ \nbaßfpw N´ßfpw hniZambn ]cntim[n®v Xocpam\n°pItbm AXp kw_‘n®v DNnXamb ip]m¿i ka¿∏n°pItbm sNøpI; (_n) h\nXm t]meokptZymKÿcpsS tPmen kw_‘amb khntij {]iv\߃ ]Tn°pIbpw AXv kw_‘n® ]cmXnIƒ°v Xo¿∏p Iev]n°pIbpw Bhiyamb Imcyßfn¬ ip]m¿i ka¿∏n°pIbpw sNøpI; (kn) kwÿm\sØ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃, s]mXphntem {]tXyI hnjb߃ kw_‘nt®m, AhtemI\w sNøpI; IqSmsX (Un) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ t_m¿Uns\ G¬∏n°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ.

(2) t_m¿Uns‚ ip]m¿iIƒ°v k¿°m¿ aXnbmb ]cnKW\ \¬tI≠XmWv.

(3) k¿°mcn\v, kzta[bmtbm _‘s∏´ hy‡nbpsS ]cmXnbnt∑tem aXnbmb ImcW߃ tcJs∏SpØnsIm≠v t_m¿Uns‚ GsXmcp Xocpam\hpw DØchpw hyXymks∏SpØpItbm d±m°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv. 107. IogptZymKÿcpsS ]cmXnIƒ°p≈ ]cnlmcw˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv FÃmªnjv s a‚ v t_m¿Uv , t]meokv sU]yq´n kq{]≠ns‚ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp DtZymKÿs\ Hmtcm t]meokv Pn√bnepw \ma\n¿t±iw sNtø≠Xpw A{]Imcw \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏Sp∂ DtZyKÿ≥ BgvNbn¬ Hcp Znhkw t]meokv k_v C≥kvs]IvSdpsSbpw AXn\pXmsg ]Zhnbnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsSbpw ]cmXnIƒ tIƒ°p∂Xnt\m kzoIcn°p∂Xnt\m th≠n \o°nhbvt°≠XpamWv. (2) {]kvXpX DtZymKÿ≥ ]cmXn ]Tn°pIbpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw DNnXamb ]cnlmc \S]Sn kw_‘n® ip]m¿iIƒ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS A[nImc]cn[n°v ]pdØp≈ kwKXnbmsW¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn hgn kwÿm\ t]meokv FÃmªnjvsa‚ v t_m¿Un\pw \¬tI≠XmWv. 108. C≥jzd≥kv ]cnc£bpw, _ØIfpw, NnIn’mkuIcyßfpw ˛ (1) F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw AhcpsS tPmen°nSbntem IrXy\n¿ΔlWwaqew D≠mb hntcm[w ImcWambp≠mb B{IaWØntem, kw`hn°p∂ ]cn°v, AwK`wKw, acWw F∂nhbv°v aXnbmb C≥jzd≥kv ]cnc£ k¿°m¿ \¬tI≠XmWv. (2) `oIc{]h¿Ø\w XSbp∂ bqWn‰pIƒ, t_mw_v \n¿Δocy kvIzmUpIƒ, Iamt‚m {Kq∏pIƒ XpSßnbht]mep≈ henb A]ISkm≤yXbp≈sX∂v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn \n›bn°p∂ {]tXyI hn`mKßfn¬ \nban®n´p≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v AhcpsS tPmenbn¬ Dƒs∏´ncn°p∂ A]ISkm≤yXIƒ°v B\p]mXnIambn {]tXyI dnkvIv Aeh≥kv \¬tI≠XmWv. (3) sa®s∏´ BtcmKyhpw imcocnI £aXbpw \ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\v klmbIamb Hcp saUn°¬ C≥jzd≥kv ]cnc£ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv. (4) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ D≠mb A{IaØns‚ ^eamtbm I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWwaqeap≈ hntcm[w ImcWw D≠mb B{IaWØntem ]cnt°m AwK`wKtam D≠mIpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ°v k¿°m¿ DNnXhpw ]cym]vXhpamb \jvS]cnlmcw \¬tI≠XmWv. F∂m¬, Cu \jv S ]cnlmcw Abmƒ°v N´ßƒ {]Imcw A¿lXbpff sshZyklmbØn\pff sNehpIƒ°v ]pdtabpffXmbncnt°≠XmWv.

(5) Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ (4) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ {]kvXmhn®n´pff {]Imcw Xs‚ I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ acn°pIbmsW¶n¬ AbmfpsS \nba{]Imcapff AhIminIƒ°v k¿°m¿, A¿lambXpw ]cym]vXhpamb \jvS]cnlmcw \¬tI≠XmWv. F∂m¬, Aßs\bpff \jvS]cnlmcw AbmfpsS IpSpw_Øn\v N´ßƒ {]Imcw A¿lambn´pff km[mcW B\pIqey߃°v ]pdtabmbncnt°≠XmWv. (6) I¿Øhy\n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ ]cnt°¬°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v k¿°m¿ Nnehn¬ aXnbmbXpw anI® \nehmcØnepffXpamb NnIn’bv ° v A¿lX D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw Abmsf ]cnt°‰ DSs\ ]cntim[n°p∂ tUmIvSdpsS ip]m¿i A\pkcn®pff ÿm]\Øn¬ NnIn’n°mhp∂XpamWv. 109. t]meokv Atkmkntbj\pIƒ ˛ k¿°mcn\v , \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ \nb{¥W߃°v hnt[bambn hyXykvX dm¶pIfnepw hn`mKßfnepapff t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v At mkntbj\pIƒ cq]oIcn°m≥ A\paXn \¬Imhp∂XmWv. 110. t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n˛ (1) k¿°m¿˛ (i) t]meokv kq{]≠ns‚bpw AXn\papIfnepff t]meokv DtZymKÿcptSbpw G√m XcØnepff \S]Sn ZqjysØ∏‰nbpff ]cmXnIƒ; (ii) IÃUnbnepff kv{XoIsf ssewKnIambn ]oUn∏n°¬ As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw BfpsS acWØn\v ImcWamI¬ As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw Bsf KpcpXcambn ]cnt°ev]n°¬ As√¶n¬ _em¬kwKw F∂nh kw_‘n®v a‰p ]ZhnIfnepff DtZymKÿ¿s°Xnscbpff KpcpXc kz`mhØnepff ]cmXnIƒ F∂nh ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\pw At\zjn°p∂Xn\pambn Hcp kwÿm\ t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) kwÿm\ AtXmdn‰nbn¬ C\n ]dbp∂ AwK߃ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv. AXmbXv˛ (i) sslt°mSXnbn¬ \n∂pw hncan® Hcp PUvPn, AtXmdn‰nbpsS sNb¿t]gvkWmbncnt°≠XmWv.; (ii) {]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dnbpsS ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥; (iii) t]meokv AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\dens‚ ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥; (iv) kwÿm\ a\pjymhImi IΩoj≥ sNb¿am≥ \¬Ip∂ t]meokv C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\dens‚ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØ ]Zhnbn¬ \n∂pw hncan® A\ptbmPycmb DtZymKÿcpsS aq∂wK ]m\en¬ \n∂pw {]Xn]£ t\Xmhpambn BtemNn®v k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n; (v) kwÿm\sØ temImbp‡ \¬Ip∂ A\ptbmPycmb dn´tb¿Uv Pn√m PUvPnamcpsS aq∂wK ]m\en¬ \n∂pw {]Xn]£ t\Xmhpambn BtemNn®v k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n;

(3) k¿°m¿, t]meokv sU]yq´n kq{]≠n‚bpw {]kvXpX ]Zhnhscbpapff t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿s°Xnscbpff ]cmXnIƒ ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\pw At\zjn°p∂Xn\pambn Pn√mXeØn¬ t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv. (4) Pn√m AtXmdn‰nbn¬ C\n ]dbp∂ AwK߃ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv. AXmbXv˛ (i) hncan® Hcp Pn√m PUvPn sNb¿t]gvkWmbncnt°≠XmWv. (ii) Pn√m IfIvS¿; IqSmsX (iii) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn; F∂m¬, Hcp Pn√m AtXmdn‰nbpsS sNb¿t]gv k s\ H∂ne[nIw Pn√m AtXmdn‰nIfpsS sNb¿t]gvkWmbn \nban°mhp∂XmWv. (5) kwÿm\ AtXmdn‰nbpsSbpw Pn√m AtXmdn‰nbpsSbpw AwKßfpsS tkh\ thX\ hyhÿIfpw AtXmdn‰nIfpsS \S]Sn{Iaßfpw \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw Bbncnt°≠XmWv. (6) k¿°m¿ AtXmdn‰nbpamtbm AtXmdn‰nIfpamtbm IqSnbmtemNn®v, AhbpsS icnbmb {]h¿Ø\߃°v Bhiyamb F√m kuIcyßfpw \¬tI≠Xpw G¿s∏SptØ≠XpamWv. (7) kwÿm\ AtXmdn‰n°pw Pn√mXe AtXmdn‰nIƒ°pw, Ah At\zjWw \SØptºmƒ, 1908 se knhn¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnX (1908 se 5 ˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) {]Imcw Hcp hyhlmcw hnNmcW \SØptºmƒ Hcp knhn¬ tImSXn°pff G√m A[nImcßfpw C\n ]dbp∂ kwKXnIsf kw_‘n®v D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. AXmbXv˛ (F) GsXmcp Bfnt\bpw ka¨ sNøp∂Xn\pw lmPcmIphm≥ \n¿_‘n°p∂Xn\pw kXy{]Xn⁄bnt∑¬ Abmsf hnkvXcn°p∂Xn\pw; (_n) GsXmcp tcJbpw Is≠Øphm\pw lmPcm°phm\pw Bhiys∏Sp∂Xn\pw; (kn) kXyhmMvaqeØnt∑¬ sXfnhv kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw, IqSmsX (Un) \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw Imcy߃°pw; (8) Iwsπbn‚ v k v AtXmdn‰nIfpsS {]h¿Ø\Øn\v Bhiyamb tcJIƒ lmPcm°¬, tcJIfpsS ]cntim[\, Bhiyamb Imcyßfn¬ hnZKv≤ klmbw XpSßnbh Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v G√m k¿°m¿ DtZymKÿcpw km[yamb klmbw sNtø≠XmWv. (9) hIp∏pXe At\zjWw Bcw`n°pI, {Inan\¬ tIkv cPnÿ sNøpI F∂o Imcy߃ kw_\v[n®v Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\Xnsc AtXmdn‰n \¬Ip∂ ip]m¿i \S∏nem°m≥ _‘s∏´h¿ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv.

111. sXcs™Sp°s∏´ P\{]Xn\n[nIƒ°v ]cmXnIƒ \¬Imhp∂XmWv˛ {XnXe ]©mbØv {]knU‚pam¿, \Kck`m A≤y£≥am¿, \nbak`m AwK߃, ]m¿esa‚ v AwK߃, tIm¿∏tdj≥ tab¿am¿ F∂o P\{]Xn\n[nIƒ°v AhcpsS {i≤bn¬s∏´tXm Bsc¶nepw AhcpsS {i≤bn¬ sIm≠ph∂tXm Bb t]meokn\v FXncmb F√mØcw ]cmXnIfpw t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n°v \¬Imhp∂Xpw DNnXamb At\zjWw \SØnbtijw ^ew Iwπbn‚ v AtXmdn‰n P\{]Xn\n[nsb Adnbnt°≠XpamWv. 112. Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰nIfpsS \S]Sn XzcnXs∏SptØ≠XmsW∂v˛ (1) t]meokv Iwπbn‚ k v v AtXmdn‰n AhbpsS ]cnKW\bv°v hcp∂ ]cmXnIfnt∑¬ kXzcamb \S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XmWv. (2) Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰nbpsS ]cnKW\bv°v hcp∂ Imcyßfn¬ AtXmdn‰n°v tbmKysa∂v t_m≤yapff kwKXnIfn¬ C\n∏dbp∂ Imcy߃ sNøphm≥ GXv DtZymKÿt\mSpw Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ AXv \n¿Δlnt°≠XpamWv. (F) Hcp km£nsb tNmZyw sNbvXv samgn tcJs∏SpØpI; (_n) {]k‡amb tcJIƒ Is≠Øn ]cntim[n®v ]nSns®Sp°pI; (kn) {]kvXpX DtZymKÿ\v A[nImctam Ignthm {]mhoWytam Dff ]cntim[\tbm ]co£Wtam \SØpI; (Un) Hmtcm ]cmXnbptSbpw kmlNcyw ]cnKWn®v \ymbamb klmbw AtXmdn‰n°v \¬IpI. (3) Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n°v AXns‚ ]cnKW\bnepff ]cmXnbpsS apJyhnjbw kw_‘n®v t]meokn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcn¬ \n∂pw dnt∏m¿´v Bhiys∏Smhp∂XmWv. (4) Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n \SØp∂ At\zjWhpambn _‘s∏´v t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v sXfnhv lmPcm°p∂Xn\pw t\cn´v samgn \¬Ip∂Xn\pw DNnXhpw {]mtbmKnIhpamb Ahkcßfn¬ km£nIsf FXn¿ hnkvXmcw \SØp∂Xn\pw Ahkcw A\phZnt°≠XmWv. A≤ymbw VIII Ip‰ßfpw in£Ifpw 113. DØa hnizmkØn¬ sNbvX {]hrØnIƒ°v kwc£Ww˛ (1) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw HutZymKnI IyXr \n¿ΔlWØns‚ `mKambn DØahnizmkØn¬ sNbvXtXm sNøphm≥ Dt±in®tXm Bb GsXmcp ImcysØ kw_‘n®pw k¿°mcnt\m GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿt\m Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \nban°s∏´ As√¶n¬ A[nImcs∏SpØnb Hcp ]ªnIv sk¿sh‚nt\m FXncmbn bmsXmcp hyhlmctam t{]mknIyqjt\m As√¶n¬ a‰v \nba\S]SnItfm \ne\n¬°p∂X√.

(2) bmsXmcp tImSXnbpw k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈ A\paXnbn√msX Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\Xnsc Btcm]n°s∏´Xpw Cu BIv‰n≥ Iognep≈Xpamb GsXmcp Ip‰Øn\pw \S]SnsbSp°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

114. Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ sNøp∂ IrXyhntem]w.˛ Hcp t]meokptZym Kÿ\mbncns°, Bsc¶nepw,˛ (F) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw t]meokv tk\bnse AwK߃°v _m[Iambn´p≈ GsX¶nepw \nbahyhÿtbm, \S]Sn{Iatam N´ßtfm dKptej\pItfm ewLn°pItbm A\ph¿Øn°phm≥ Dt]£ ImWn°pItbm ; As√¶n(_n) I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂pw Hgn™pamdWsa∂ e£ytØmsS tcmKw \Sn®v InS°pItbm tcmKtam ]cnt°m Ds≠∂v `mhn°pItbm kzta[bm X\n°v tZtlm]{Zhw G¬∏n°pItbm; As√¶n(kn) at‰sX¶nepw coXnbn¬ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ\v tNcp∂X√mØ coXnbn{]h¿Øn°pItbm; As√¶n(Un) `ocpXzØn\v A]cm[nbmIpItbm; sNbvXm¬, Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ aq∂pamkw hscbmImhp∂ Hcp Imebfhnte°p≈ XSthm ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. F∂m¬ Cu hIp∏p {]Imcw Ip‰Icsa∂v IcpXmhp∂ Hcp {]hrØnsb kw_‘n®v a‰v {Inan\¬ \S]SnIƒ FSp°msX hIp∏pXe A®S° \S]Sn am{Xw FSpØm¬ aXnsb∂v _‘s∏´ A®S° A[nImcn°v Xocpam\n°mhp∂XmWv. 115. t]meokptZymKÿ≥ ssI°qen hmßp∂Xpw `o£Wns∏SpØn A]lcn°p∂Xpw ˛ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥, {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm `ojWnbneqsStbm {]tem`\ØneqsStbm AbmfpsS I¿Øhyhpambn _‘s∏´v Fs¥¶nepw ssI°qentbm, A\[nIrXamb B\pIqeytam {]Xn^etam Bhiys∏SpItbm kzoIcn°pItbm; As√¶n¬ AXn\mbn ]cn{ian°pItbm; sNbvXm¬, Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬, Ggph¿jwhscbmImhp∂ Hcp Imebfhnte°v XSthm ]{¥≠v amksØ iºfØn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. 116. ieyap≠m°p∂ AdÃv, ]cntim[\, ]nSns®Sp°¬, A{Iaw F∂nh ˛ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ\mbncns° Bsc¶nepw˛ (F) \nbam\pkrXap≈ A[nImctam ImcWtam C√msX ieyap≠m°m≥ th≠n GsX¶nepw sI´nSw, Dcp, IqSmcw As√¶n¬ ÿew Chbn¬ {]thin°pItbm A\mhiyamb ]cntim[\ \SØpItbm AXn\v CSbm°pItbm; As√¶n¬

(_n) \nba hncp≤ambpw ieyap≠m°m≥ th≠nbpw \ymbamb ImcWw IqSmsXbpw GsX¶nepw BfpsS hkvXp ]nSns®Sp°pItbm Hcmsf XS¶en¬ hbv°pItbm ]cntim[\ \SØpItbm AdÃv sNøpItbm; As√¶n(kn) IÃUnbnep≈tXm Xs‚ I¿ØhyØn\nSbn¬ Xm≥ _‘s∏Sp∂tXm Bb Hcmsf IcpXn°q´n ]oU\Ønt\m GsX¶nepw hn[Ønep≈ a\pjyXzclnXtam \nbahncp≤tam Bb hy‡n]camb B{IaWØnt\m KpcpXcamb Zp¿hrØnt°m hnt[bam°pItbm; As√¶n(Un) IcpXn°q´nbpw AdnthmsSbpw Zpcpt±iy]cambpw, Hcp \nc]cm[nsb Hcp {Inan\¬ Ip‰Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØphm≥ th≠n Hcp hymP tÉvsa‚ v tcJs∏SpØpItbm, hymPtcJ D≠m°pItbm, t]meokn\pta¬ B{IaWw \S∂p F∂v hymPamb Btcm]Ww D∂bn°pItbm; As√¶n(C) Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ F∂ \nebn¬ Abmƒ XSbphm≥ _m≤yÿ\mb Hcp Ip‰IrXyw sNøp∂Xn\v IcpXn°q´nbpw t\cn´pw klmbtam t{]cWtbm \¬IpItbm; sNbvXm¬, Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬, aq∂v h¿jw hscbmImhp∂ Hcp Imebfhnte°v XSthm ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏nse bmsXm∂pw AtXImcyw X’abw {]m_eyØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØnse hyhÿIƒ {]Imchpw Ip‰amsW¶n¬, B Ip‰Øn\v B \nba{]mIcap≈ in£ \¬In {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿs\ in£n°p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw Hcp tImSXnsbbpw XSbp∂X√.

117. t]meokns‚ NpaXeIfn¬ CSs]Sp∂Xn\p≈ in£ ˛ Bsc¶nepw,˛ (F) t]meokv tk\bnse GsXmcwKsØbpw AbmfpsS tkh\ßsf XSbp∂Xnt\m A®S°ewL\w \SØp∂Xnt\m t{]cn∏n°pItbm; As√¶n(_n)t]meoknt‚Xmb GsX¶nepw NpaXetbm A[nImctam \nbahncp≤ambn Gs‰Sp°pItbm ; As√¶n(kn) \n¿t±mjambn hnt\mZ BhiyØns\mgnsI t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn Bƒamdm´w \SØpItbm; As√¶n(Un)Hcp At\zjWØntem bYmhn[nbmb t]meokns‚ IrXy\n¿ΔlWØntem kmchØmb hnhcßfn¬ t]meokv At\zjWsØ hgnsX‰n°pI F∂ Dt±itØmsS sX‰mb tÉvsa‚ v a\x]q¿Δw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v \¬IpItbm; As√¶n(C) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ GsX¶nepw IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn¬ \n∂pw XSbWsa∂ {]Xy£amb Dt±itØmsS `o£Wns∏SpØpItbm XSbpItbm Itø‰w sNøpItbm;

sNbvXm¬, Abmƒ Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬ aq∂ph¿jw hscbmImhp∂ XSthm ]Xn\mbncw cq]bn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. 118. KpcpXcamb {Iakam[m\ ewL\tam A]mbtam D≠m°p∂Xn\p≈ in£.˛GsX¶nepw hy‡n,˛ (F) s]mXpÿeØv elcn°Snas∏´ \nebntem elfbp≠m°p∂h\mtbm, kzbw Xs∂ {i≤n°m≥ Ai‡\mtbm ImWs∏SpItbm; (_n) Adn™psIm≠v t]meokns\tbm ^b¿ k¿Δokns\tbm at‰sX¶nepw Ahiyk¿Δokns\tbm hgnsX‰n°m≥ InwhZ¥n ]cØpItbm hymPambn A]ISkqN\ \¬IpItbm; (kn) Adn™psIm≠pw a\x]q¿Δambpw s]mXpP\߃°nSbn¬ s]mXp ]cn{`m¥nbp≠m°phm\mbn Hcp Ahiy k¿Δokn\v tISv hcpØpItbm; (Un) {]kvXmh\bmtem, A`n{]mb {]IS\Ømtem, sSet^m¨ hnfnbneqsStbm, GsX¶nepw hn[Ønep≈ hnfnIfmtem, A\p[mh\w sNbvtXm, GsX¶nepw D]m[nbneqsS ktμißtfm IØpItfm Abbv°pItbm sNbvXv GsX¶nepw Bfn\v Ak`yamb coXnbn¬ AklyX D≠m°pItbm; (C) Adn™psIm≠v s]mXpP\߃°v A]mbap≠m°p∂tXm s]mXpkpc£bnhogvNbp≠m°p∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw {]hrØn sNøpItbm; (F^v ) \nbam\pkrXw Aßs\ sNøm≥ A[nImcs∏SpØmsX kv t ^mSI hkvXp°tfm A]ISIcamb ]Zm¿∞ßtfm ISØns°m≠pt]mIpItbm; (Pn) Hcp Kp≠tbm duUntbm Bbncns° 2007˛se tIcf kmaqly hncp≤ {]h¿Ø\߃ (XSb¬) BIv‰n¬ (2007˛se 34) \n¿ΔNn® {]Imcap≈ GsX¶nepw kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\w kpkm≤yam°p∂Xn\mbn kao]{]tZiØv GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyØn\v D]tbmKn°m≥ D]bp‡amb kma{KnIƒ ssIhiw h®psIm≠v kwibmkv]Zamb kmlNcyßfn¬ Hcp s]mXpÿeØv ImWs∏SpItbm; (F®v) 73˛mw hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ ewLn°pItbm, AXn\v hncp≤ambn ImbnI ]cnioe\w \¬IpItbm, \SØpItbm; (sF) ]Xns\´p hb n¬ Xmsgbp≈h¿°v elcn ]Zm¿∞ßtfm Ip´nIfpsS imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb BtcmKyØn\v lm\nIcamb hkvXp°tfm ]Zm¿∞ßtfm \¬IpItbm hn¬°pItbm AXn\mbn kvIqƒ ]cnkcØv kw`cn°pItbm;

sNbvXm¬, Abmƒ Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ aq∂ph¿jw hscbmImhp∂ XSthm ]Xn\mbncw cq]bn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. 119. kv{XoIƒs°Xnscbp≈ AXn{Ia߃°v in£.˛(1) GsX¶nepw hy‡n,˛ (F) s]mXpÿeßfn¬ kv{XoIfpsS A¥ v l\n°p∂ XcØnep≈ ssewKnI tNjvSItfm {]hrØnItfm sNøpItbm; (_n) GsXmcp ÿeØph®pw kv{XoIfpsS \ymbamb kzImcyXbv°v `wKw hcpØp∂ coXnbn¬ t^mt´mtbm hoUntbmtbm FSp°pItbm {]Ncn∏n°pItbm; sNøpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmsf Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬ aq∂ph¿jw hscbmImhp∂ XSthm ]Xn\mbncw cq]bn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. (2) _‘s∏´ tkh\ZmXmhnt\mtSm, s]mXpÿeØns‚ NpaXebp≈ hy‡ntbmtSm AhcpsS km∂n≤yØn¬ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ Hcp Ip‰w \S∂psh∂v {]kvXpX Ip‰Øn\ncbmb kv{Xo ]cmXns∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah¿ X’abw Ip‰IrXyw XSbphmt\m As√¶n¬ AXns\°pdn®v _‘s∏´ A[nImcnIsf Adnbn°phmt\m \ymbamb \S]Sn kzoIcn°msX t_m[]q¿Δw hogvN hcpØp∂Xv Ip‰Icambncn°p∂Xpw, Aßs\bp≈ Ip‰Øn\v Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ Bbncw cq] hsc ]ng CuSmt°≠XpamWv. 120. ieyw D≠m°¬, {Iakam[m\ ewL\w F∂nhbv°p≈ in£.˛GsXmcmfpw˛ (F) Hcp s]mXpÿeØv s]mXpP\߃°v AklyXtbm AkuIcytam D≠m°ns°m≠v ^¿Wn®¿ km[\ßtfm hml\tam hrØnbm°pItbm GsX¶nepw arKsØ Iim∏v sNøpItbm ihw hrØnbm°pItbm GsX¶nepw arKsØ ]cn]men°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬; (_n) s]mXpP\Øn\v XS tam, AkuIcytam, A]mbtam D≠m°p∂ coXnbnGsX¶nepw hml\sØtbm KXmKX D]m[nsbtbm \nesIm≈m≥ ImcWamIp∂psh¶n¬; (kn) Hcp {Sm^nIv Nn”sØtbm ssk≥ t_m¿Uns\tbm AXns‚ ZriyXsbtbm ]mcmbW£aXsbtbm Ipd®psIm≠v hnIrXam°pItbm adbv°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬; (Un) DSaÿs‚tbm kq£n∏pImcs‚tbm ap≥Iq¿ A\phmZan√msX `nØnIƒ, sI´nS߬ As√¶n¬ a‰v \n¿ΩnXnIƒ F∂nhsb hnIrXam°p∂psh¶n¬;

(C) Pet{kmX pIfpsStbm PehnXcWsØtbm aen\am°pItbm s]mXp ipNoIcW \S]SnIsf XS s∏SpØpItbm s]mXpÿe߃ hrØnlo\am°pItbm \nbahncp≤ambn ]cnÿnXn°v kmcamb tISp≠m°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬; (F^v) Hcp k¿°m¿ sI´nSØntem k¿°m¿ `qanbntem AXn{Ian®pIS°p∂psh¶n¬; (Pn) tamt´m¿ LSn∏n°mØ GsXmcp hml\hpw kqcymkvXabØn\v AcaWn°q¿ tijhpw kqtcymZbØn\v Hcp aWn°q¿ apºpw D≈ GsXmcp kabØpw Bhiyamb shfn®an√msX HmSn®psImt≠m hen®psImt≠m X≈ns°mt≠m t]mhpIbmsW¶n¬; (F®v) hyXnNe\Øn\v bYm¿∞amb Bhiytam X°Xmb ImcWtam C√msX tamt´m¿ LSn∏n°mØ GsX¶nepw hml\w sXcphn¬ HmSnt®m hen®psImt≠m X≈ns°mt≠m t]mIptºmƒ; (i) at‰sX¶nepw hml\sØ adnIS∂p t]mIptºmƒ AXns‚ heXp `mKØneqsSbpw; (ii) at‰sX¶nepw hml\w FXnsc hcptºmƒ sXcphns‚ CSXphiw tN¿∂pw; t]mImXncn°p∂psh¶n¬; (sF) hml\Øns‚tbm hml\ßfpsStbm ap∂n¬ \n∂pw As√¶n¬ ]n∂n\n∂pw A©v ASn Ihn™v X≈n\n¬°p∂ GsX¶nepw km[\w sh®n´p≈ hml\tam hml\ßtfm sXcphneqsS ISØp∂psh¶n¬; (sP) GsX¶nepw arKsØtbm hml\sØtbm HmSn°p∂Xntem t\m°n\SØp∂Xntem {i≤n°p∂Xntem kw`hn® GsX¶nepw DZmko\X aqetam sX‰mb D]tbmKw aqetam Fs¥¶nepw ]cnt°m tISp]mtSm D≠mIp∂psh¶n¬; (sI) s]mXpÿeØv a‰p≈h¿°v ieyap≠m°p∂ hn[w t_m[]q¿Δw aeaq{Xhnk¿÷\w sNøp∂psh¶n¬; (F¬) Xs‚ IcpXentem \nb{¥WØntem D≈Xpw Acpabmbn hf¿Øp∂Xpamb arKßsf X°Xmbn {i≤n°mXncn°pIbpw Ab¬hmknIƒt°m s]mXpP\߃t°m AkuIcy߃ D≠m°p∂ hn[w Ahsb Ae£yambn hnSpIbpw sNøp∂psh¶n¬; (Fw) DSaÿs‚ Adnhpw kΩXhpan√msX {]ISambn 14 hb n\v Xmsgbp≈ Ip´nIfn¬ \n∂pw B`cWw, hm®v, t]\, ssk°nƒ, ]m{Xw As√¶n¬ hne]nSn∏p≈ a‰v km[\w hmßpItbm AØcw Bfn¬ \n∂pw Fs¥¶nepw km[\w ]WbØnt∑tem CuSnt∑tem FSp°pItbm sNøp∂p F¶n¬;

(F≥) th≠{X ap≥IcpXen√msXbpw s]mXp kpc£ IW°nseSp°msXbpw Abmƒ°v \nb{¥Wap≈ ÿetØm ]cnkctØm A]ISIcamb Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØn sNøpItbm sNøm≥ A\phZn°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬; (H) GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ hn\natbm]m[nbneqsS Bh¿Øn®p≈tXm A\`naXambtXm A⁄mXambtXm Bb hnfn, IØv, FgpØv, ktμiw, C˛sabn¬ F∂nh hgntbm ZqX≥ hgntbm kzbw GsX¶nepw Hcmfn\v ieyambn Xocp∂psh¶n¬; (]n) GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿeØv s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb GsX¶nepw tkh\w {Ia{]Imcw sImSp°phmt\m kzoIcn°phmt\m D]tbmKn°phmt\m th≠n cq]oIcn® GsX¶nepw Iyp sX‰n°p∂psh¶n¬; (Iyp) am\\jvSap≠m°p∂tXm `ojWns∏SpØp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw tcJ cNbnXmhns‚ Xncn®dnb¬ ad®ph®v FhnsSsb¶nepw H´n®phbv°pItbm ]Xn°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬; Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ Hcp h¿jwhscbmImhp∂ XSthm 5,000 cq]hscbmImhp∂ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. 121. {]tXyIw hyhÿbn√mØ Ip‰ßƒ°p≈ in£:-˛(1) Cu BIv‰nsetbm AXn≥Iognep≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´ßfnsetbm DØchnsetbm hyhÿIƒ ewLn®psIm≠v GsX¶nepw IrXytam IrXyhntem]tam sNøp∂ GsXmcmfpw Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ AtX Ip‰Øn\v Cu BIv‰n¬ a‰v in£ \n¿Æbn°s∏´n´ns√¶n6 amkØn¬ IhnbmØ XSthm 2,000 cq]hscbmImhp∂ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pwIqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. (2) Ip‰w H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ hy‡nIƒ sNbvXXmsW¶n¬ AhcntemtcmcpØcpw shtΔsd in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv. 122. Iº\nIƒ sNøp∂ Ip‰ßƒ; ˛(1) Cu BIv‰n≥Iognep≈ Hcp Ip‰w Hcp Iº\n sNøp∂]£w Ip‰w sNbvX kabØv Iº\nbpsS NpaXe hln®tXm Iº\nbpsS ImcyßfpsS \SØn∏n\v DØchmZnXzw D≠mbncp∂tXm Bb Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Iº\nbpw Ip‰Øn\v DØchmZnbmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AXn\\pkrXambn \S]SnIƒ°v hnt[bcmtI≠Xpw in£n°s∏tS≠XpamWv. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw, Cu BIv‰n\v Iognep≈ Hcp Ip‰w Hcp Iº\n sNøpIbpw Iº\nbpsS GsX¶nepw UbdIv S dpsStbm amt\PcpsStbm sk{I´dnbpsStbm at‰sX¶nepw DtZymKÿs‚tbm kΩXtØmsStbm au\m\phmZtØmsStbm BWv B Ip‰w \S∂sX∂v

sXfnbpIbpw sNøp∂]£w Iº\nbpsS Aßs\bp≈ UbdIvStdm amt\Ptcm sk{I´dntbm at‰sX¶nepw DtZymKÿt\m IqSn B Ip‰Øn\v DØchmZnbmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AXn\\pkcn®v Abmƒs°Xnsc \S]SnsbSpt°≠Xpw Abmƒ in£n°s∏tS≠XpamWv. hniZoIcWw.˛(1) Cu hIp∏ns‚ Bhiy߃°mbn,˛ (F) “Iº\n” F∂m¬ Hcp GImwKoIrX \nImbtam F∂¿∞am°p∂Xpw AXnHcp t^tam a‰v kwLS\Itfm hy‡nItfm Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamWv; (_n) Hcp t^ans\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw “UbdIvS¿” F∂m¬ B t^anse Hcp ]¶mfn F∂¿∞amIp∂XpamWv. 123. a‰p \nba߃ {]Imcap≈ t{]mknIyqjs\ _m[n°p∂Xs√∂v.˛ Cu BIv‰nASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØn≥Iognepw Cu BIv‰v {]Imchpw in£m¿lamb GsX¶nepw {]hrØn sNbvX GsXmcmsfbpw Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw FSp°s∏Sp∂ \S]SnIƒ IqSmsX AØcw a‰p \nba{]Imcw IqSn t{]mknIyq´v sNøs∏Sp∂Xnt\tbm As√¶n¬ at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØn≥Iogn¬ \n›bn°s∏´ ]ngbvt°m in£bvt°m _m≤yÿ\mIp∂Xns\tbm XSbp∂Xmbn hymJym\n°s∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

124. \S]Sn{IaØnse {Iat°Sv kmcap≈Xs√∂v.˛\S]Sn{IaØnsetbm coXnbnsetbm GsX¶nepw {Iat°Sns‚tbm ]niIns‚tbm ImcWØm¬ am{Xw, AØcw ]niIv As√¶n¬ {Iat°Spaqew kmcamb tZmjtam `wKtam kw`hn°mØ]£w, Cu BIv‰v {]Imctam Cu BIv‰n≥Iognep≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´{]Imctam As√¶n¬ AhtbmSv ASnÿm\]cambn s]mcpØs∏´v ]pds∏Sphn°s∏´tXm {]kn≤oIcn°s∏´tXm Bb GsX¶nepw N´w, DØchv, \n¿t±iw, \ymb\n¿Æbw, At\zjWw, hnNmcW, hn⁄m]\w, ssIs°m≠ \S]Sn F∂nh \nbam\pkrXas√t∂m \ne\n¬°p∂Xs√t∂m Akm[psht∂m A]q¿Æsat∂m IcpXphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

125. tImss·k_nƒ Ip‰ßfpw Pmayw In´mhp∂ Ip‰ßfpw.˛(1) Cu BIvSnse 116, 117, 118, 119 F∂o hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcap≈ Ip‰ßƒ tImss·k_nfpw Pmayw In´mhp∂Xpamb Ip‰ßƒ Bbncn°p∂Xpw 115˛mw hIp∏n≥ Iognep≈ Hcp Ip‰w tImss·k_nfpw Pmayw e`n°mØ Hcp Ip‰hpambncn°p∂XmWv. (2) ta¬∏d™ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIfn¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v Hcmsf; (F) AbmfpsS AdÃv GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m XpScmXncn°p∂Xnt\m Bhiyaps≠¶ntem; As√¶n¬

(_n) Aßs\bp≈ Bfns\ ]n∂oSv I≠pIn´m≥ km≤yXbn√msb∂v {]Xy£Ønhy‡amsW¶ntem; As√¶n(kn) B Bƒ kzbw As√¶n¬ as‰mcmƒ°v ]cnt°¬∏n°phm≥ km≤yXbps≠¶ntem; As√¶n(Un) AdÃv Bhiyambncn°p∂ {]tXyIambXpw ASnb¥nchpamb kmlNcy߃ \ne\n¬°p∂ps≠¶ntem; am{Xta AdÃv sNøm≥ A[nImcap≠mbncn°pIbp≈q.

(3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ as‰√m Ip‰ßfpw t\m¨˛tImss·k_nfpw Pmayw e`n°p∂hbpambncn°p∂XmWv: F∂m¬, ÿeØv lmPcp≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v Xs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ Hcp Ip‰w XpScp∂Xv XSbphm\mbn Hcp Bfns\ Xm¬°menIambn am‰n\n¿Ømhp∂XmWv. 126. Ip‰ßƒ cmPnbm°¬.˛(1) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ F√m tImss·k_nƒ A√mØ Ip‰ßfpw Ip‰mtcm]nXs‚ At]£bnt∑¬ tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿°v cmPnbm°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v 117, 118, 119 (2) F∂o hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcap≈ Ip‰ßƒ, B kwKXn tImSXn apºmsI t{]mknIyq´v sNøs∏Sm≥ X° Kuchap≈Xs√∂v At±lw IcpXp∂]£w, Ip‰mtcm]nX≥ \¬Inb GsX¶nepw At]£bnt∑cmPnbm°mhp∂XmWv; F∂m¬, tImSXn, t]meokv Ip‰]{Xw ka¿∏n®Xn\ptijw \S]Sn XpSßnb hnjbØn¬ Aßs\bp≈ GsXmcp cmPnbm°epw ]mSn√mØXpw AØcw kμ¿`ßfnAßs\bp≈ tImSXn apºmsI {]kvXpX Ip‰ßƒ cmPnbm°mhp∂hbpamWv. (3) Hmtcm C\w Ip‰IrXyhpw cmPnbm°ptºmƒ CuSmt°≠p∂ tImºu≠nwKv ^okv k¿°m¿ \n¿Æbn°p∂ {]Imcw Bbncnt°≠Xpw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn hn⁄m]\w ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ {]Imcw tImºu≠nwKv ^okv _‘s∏´ tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿ CuSmt°≠XpamWv. (4) cmPnbm°¬ Hcp Ip‰ÿm]\ambn IW°m°m≥ ]mSn√mØXpw, F∂m¬; GsX¶nepw \S]Sn{Iaßfn¬ ]q¿ΔIme \S∏v {]k‡ambn hcp∂nSØv ]q¿ΔIme \S∏v sXfnbn°p∂Xn\mbn D]tbmKn°mhp∂XpamWv. 127. {Inan\¬ PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠v.˛(1) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v tI{μoIrXambn \SØnt∏mcp∂Xpw `cW\n¿ΔlWw \SØp∂Xpamb {Inan\PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠v F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ^≠v D≠mbncnt°≠Xpw AXn¬ \n∂pw C\n∏dbp∂ sNehpIƒ hln°mhp∂XpamWv, AXmbXv.˛ (F) NnIn’msNehv Dƒs∏sS IÃUnbnep≈hcpsS sNehpIƒ;

(_n) t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v D≠mbn´p≈ sNehpItfm t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v sImSpØn´p≈ _ØItfm A√msX, {Inan\¬ Ip‰ßfpsS At\zjWw kw_‘n®v km£nIfpsS _ØItfm sNehpIƒ Xncn®psImSp°tem Dƒs∏sS D≠mbn´p≈ sNehpIƒ; (kn) IÃUnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≈ hkvXp°fpsS ]cn]me\hpw kq£n∏pambn _‘s∏´ sNehpIƒ; (Un) arXicoc߃ \o°w sNøp∂Xpambpw, ]cnt°‰h¿, A]IS߃°pw Zpc¥ßƒ°pw Ccbmbh¿ F∂nh¿°v ASnb¥c klmbw \¬Ip∂Xpambpw _‘s∏´ {]h¿Ø\߃°v sNehmb XpIIƒ.

(2) ^≠ns‚ `cW\n¿ΔlWw k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchpIƒ°\pkrXambn cnt°≠XmWv. (3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ Ip‰ßƒ cmPnbmIptºmƒ t]meokv CuSm°n tiJcn® apgph≥ tImºu≠nwKv ^okpw AhIminIfn√mØ hkvXp°fpsSbpw \in®pt]mIp∂ hkv X p°fpsSbpw hn¬∏\bneqsS CuSm°nb F√m XpIIfpw ^≠nte°v ASbvt°≠XmWv. (4) sNehpIƒ°mbn ^≠n¬ th≠{X XpIbps≠∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn ImemImeßfn¬ k¿°mcn\v ^≠nte°v XpI hIbncpØmhp∂XmWv. 128. \n¿t±i߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\v k¿°mcn\p≈ A[nImcw.˛(1) Cu BIv‰nse ap≥]d™ hyhÿIfn¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw, k¿°mcn\v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v Cu BIv ‰ v {]Imcap≈ \S]SnIƒ°mbn \nba]camb \n¿t±i߃ \¬Imhp∂XmWv. 129. N´ßƒ D≠m°p∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw.˛(1) k¿°mcn\v , Cu BIv ‰ ns‚ Bhiy߃ \S∏nem°p∂Xnte°mbn, Kk‰v hn⁄m]\w hgn, ap≥Ime {]m_eytØmsSmtbm ]n¬°me {]m_eytØmsStbm N´ßƒ D≠m°mhp∂XmWv. (2) Aßs\bp≈ N´ßƒ {]tXyIn®pw ap≥]d™ A[nImcßfpsS kmam\yXbv°v `wKwhcmsX C\n ]dbp∂ F√mtam GsX¶neptam Imcy߃°mbn hyhÿ sNømhp∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛ (F) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \n¿Æbn°m≥ hy‡ambn Bhiys∏´tXm A\phZn®tXm Bb F√m kwKXnIfpw, IqSmsX (_n) \n¿Æbnt°≠tXm \n¿Æbn°mhp∂tXm Bb as‰√m kwKXnIfpw.

(3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw D≠m°p∂ GsXmcp N´hpw AXp≠m°nbXn\ptijw, Ignbp∂{XthKw, \nbak` ktΩf\Ønembncn°ptºmƒ k` apºmsI Hcp ktΩf\Øntem XpS¿®bmb c≠v ktΩf\ßfntem hcmhp∂ BsI ]Xn\mev Znhk°metØ°v hbvt°≠Xpw, A{]Imcw AXv GXp ktΩf\Øn¬ hbv°p∂pthm B ktΩf\tam sXm´SpØphcp∂ ktΩf\tam Ahkm\n°p∂Xn\p ap≥]v \nbak` {]kv X pX N´ßfn¬ Fs¥¶nepw cq]t`Zs∏Spج hcpØpItbm, B N´w D≠mt°≠Xns√∂v Xocpam\n°pItbm sNøp∂]£w B N´Øn\v AXn\ptijw, AXXpkwKXnt]mse, A{]Imcw cq]t`Zs∏SpØnb cq]Øn¬am{Xw {]m_eyw D≠mbncn°pItbm, As√¶n¬ bmsXmcp {]m_eyhpan√mXncn°pItbm sNøp∂XpamIp∂p.

F∂ncp∂mepw, A{]Imcap≈ GsX¶nepw cq]t`Zs∏SpØtem d±m°tem B N´{]Imcw ap≥]v sNbvXn´p≈ GsX¶nepw kwKXnbpsS km[pXbv°v `wKw hcmØ hn[Ønembncnt°≠XmWv. 130. sshjay߃ \o°w sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw.˛(1) Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ \S∏nem°p∂Xn¬ Fs¥¶nepw sshjayw D≠mIp∂]£w k¿°mcn\v, sshjay߃ \o°w sNøp∂Xn\v Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ°v hncp≤a√mØXpw Bhiysa∂v k¿°mcn\v tXm∂p∂Xpamb GsXmcp Imcyhpw DØchpaqew sNømhp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Cu BIv‰v {]m_eyØn¬ h∂ XobXn apX¬ c≠ph¿jw Ign™Xn\ptijw Aßs\bp≈ bmsXmcp DØchpw ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.

(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb F√m DØchpIfpw, AXv ]pds∏Sphn®tijw, F{XbpwthKw, \nbak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv. 131. d±m°epw Hgnhm°epw.˛(1) 1960˛se tIcfm t]meokv BI‰v (1961˛se 5) CXn\md±m°nbncn°p∂p.

(2) Aßs\ d±m°nbncp∂m¬ Xs∂bpw Aßs\ d±m°nb BIv‰n≥ Iogn¬ sNbvX GsX¶nepw Imcytam FSpØ GsX¶nepw \S]Sntbm Bcw`n®n´p≈ Fs¥¶nepw \S]Sn{Iatam Cu BIv‰nse {Iam\pKXamb hyhÿIƒ°v Iogn¬ sNbvXXmtbm FSpØXmtbm Bcw`n®Xmtbm IcpXs∏tS≠XmWv: F∂m¬, d±m°s∏´ BIv‰v {]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn®tXm D≠m°ntbm Bb GsX¶nepw hn⁄m]\ßtfm, DØcthm, N´tam, ss_emtbm Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ°v hncp≤amImØnStØmfw Ah {]m_eyØn¬ XpScp∂Xpw AXv Cu BIv‰n≥ Iogn]pds∏Sphn®tXm D≠m°nbtXm Bb GsX¶nepw hn⁄m]\tam DØcthm, N´tam, ss_emtbm {]Imcw AXnewLn°s∏SmØ]£w, Ah Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn®tXm D≠m°nbtXm Bbn IcpXs∏tS≠XmWv.