Content Page Category 1. Population 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4.
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 25. 2.6.
3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4.
7
Standard of Living • Crude Birth Rate of Indians (per 1000 Resident Population) • Crude Death Rate of Indians (per 1000 Resident Population) • Infant Mortality Rate of Indians (per 1000 Live Births) • Total Fertility Rate of Indians (per Resident Ever-Married Female) • Age Dependency Ratio (per 100 persons aged 15-64 years) Pregnancy Rate Amongst Indians Tenancy of Resident Indian Households Resident Indian Households by Type of Dwelling Average Indian Household Size Resident Indian Monthly Household Income from Work
3. Economic and Labour Force
3
Resident Population of Indians 1.1.1. Ethnic Composition of Indians in Singapore 1.1.2. Singapore Indian Citizen and Permanent Resident Population 1.1.3. Sex Ratio by Age Group 1.1.4. Sex Ratio (Number of Males for every 1,000 females) 1.1.5. Median Age of Indians 1.1.6. Language Composition of Indian Population 1.1.7. Marital Status of Indians Aged 15 & Over Resident Indians by Sex Resident Indian Population Aged 15 Years and Over by Religion Planning Zones with the Largest Indian Populations (Top 5)
2. Standard of Living
Page
9
Occupational Distribution of Resident Indian Workforce Distribution of Resident Indian Workforce by Industry Resident Indian Household by Economic Status Economic Status by Resident Indian Household
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
1
Category
Page
4. Education 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6.
11
Literacy Rate of Indian Residents Aged 15 Years and Over Resident Indians Aged 5 Years and Over by Language Most Frequently Spoken at Home Highest Qualification Attained by Indian Resident Non-Students Aged 15 Years and Over Admission into Post-Secondary Institutions Field of Study for Indians who are Polytechnic or University Graduates Performance of Indian Students at National Exams • PSLE Indian Pupils Eligible for Secondary School • PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in English • PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in Maths • PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in Science • PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in Mother Tongue • GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils with At Least 5 O-Level passes • GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils who Passed English • GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils Who Passed Maths • GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils Who Passed Mother Tongue • GCE ‘A’ Level Indian Students with At Least 3 ‘H2’ passes and Pass in General Paper / Knowledge Inquiry • GCE ‘A’ Level Indian Pupils Who Passed General Paper / Knowledge Inquiry • GCE ‘A’ Level Indian Students Who Passed Mother Tongue
5. Marriages and Divorces
5.1. 5.2.
15
Marriages and Divorces • Number of Remarriages • Number of Minor Marriages of Brides (under 20 years) • Number of Minor Marriages of Grooms (under 20 years) • Median Age of Brides • Median Age of Grooms • Number of Divorces • Mean Duration of Marriage of Couples Divorced (Years) Indian Divorces by Age Group
6. Social Indicators
2
6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4.
16
Indian Drug Abusers Indian Inhalant Abusers Single Parent-Registered Births (per 10,000 Female Residents) School Dropout
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
1. POPULATION 1.1. Resident Population of Indians 1.1.1. Ethnic Composition of Indians in Singapore 9%
3% Chinese
14%
Malay Indians Others
74%
Ethnic Indian Population
2000
2010
Resident Population of Indians
7.9%
9.2%
Number of Indians in Singapore
257, 900
348, 119
Source : Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
1.1.2. Singapore Indian Citizen and Permanent Resident Population
2000
17% Singapore Citizen (213,150 persons) Permanent Residents (42,716 persons)
83% Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
2010
32% Singapore Citizens Permanent Residents
68% Source : Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
3
1.1.3. Sex Ratio by Age Group 1% 1%
80 & Over
5% 4%
65-79
8% 8%
55-64
30%
35-54 15-34
30%
Females Males
36% 33%
22% 21%
0-14 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Source : Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
1.1.4. Sex Ratio (Number of Males for every 1,000 females) 2000
1,087
2010
1,075
Source : Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
1.1.5. Median Age of Indians 2000
32.8
2010
33.4
Source : Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
1.1.6. Language Composition of Singapore Indian Population
2000 Tamil Malayalee Hindi Sikh Punjabi Hindustani Urdu Gujarati Sindhi Singhalese Others
150,181 21,745 3,941 13,260 4,722 5,062 2,997 3,254 4,005 2,422 46,277
2010
58.2 % 8.4 % 1.5 % 5.1 % 1.8 % 2.0 % 1.2 % 1.3 % 1.6 % 0.9 % 18.0 %
188,591 26,348 13,085 12,952 5,672 4,818 4,773 4,124 3,971 3,140 80,645
54.2 % 7.6 % 3.8 % 3.7 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.4 % 1.2 % 1.1 % 0.9 % 23.2 %
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
4
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
1.1.7. Marital Status of Indians Aged 15 & Over 67.9% 64.4%
70
61.9%
60
2000
50 40 30
30.5% 28.7% 22.8%
20 10
9.2%
5.2%
0
2.5%
1.8%
Single
70
National
3.7%
Indian Male
1.7%
Married Widowed Divorced 66.5%
Indian Females
68.6% 64.3%
60
2010
50 40 30
25.9%
28% 23.7%
20 10
4.5%
0 Single
Married
8%
3%
4%
1.3%
2.1%
Widowed
Divorced
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
1.2. Resident Indians by Sex Total Indian Population:
2000 257,866
2010 348, 119
Males
134,337
52.1%
180, 327
51.8%
Females
123,529
47.9%
167, 792
48.2%
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
5
1.3 Resident Indian Population Aged 15 Years and Over by Religion
100 90
1% 12%
1% 13%
Others
5%
4%
Christianity
80
Sikhism
70 60
55%
50
Hinduism
58%
Islam
40
Buddhism
30 20 10 0
25%
22%
1% 1%
1% 1%
2000
2010
No Religion
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
1.4. Planning Zones with the Largest Indian Resident Populations (Top 5) Planning Zones
Number of Indians
Woodlands
27, 162
Jurong West
27, 134
Bedok
25, 348
Tampines
21, 411
Yishun
19, 730
Source : Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 3 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
6
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
2. STANDARD OF LIVING 2.1. Standard of Living
2005
2010
Crude Birth Rate of Indians (per 1, 000 Resident Population)
11.3 persons
11.3 persons
Crude Death Rate of Indians (per 1, 000 Resident Population)
3.3 persons
3.1 persons
Infant Mortality Rate of Indians (per 1, 000 Live Births)
2.0 persons
2.3 persons
Total Fertility Rate of Indians (per Resident Ever-Married Female)
2.3 persons
1.9 persons
Age Dependency Ratio (per 100 persons aged 15-64)
47.2 persons
37.4 persons
Sources: Singapore Demographic Bulletin, November 2006 (Immigration & Checkpoints Authority) Singapore Demographic Bulletin, April 2011 (Immigration & Checkpoints Authority) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
2.2. Pregnancy Rate Amongst Indians 2005 National Indians
2011 National Indians
Live-Births for Mothers Aged 15 - 19
753
64
208
27
Live-Births for Mothers Aged 20 – 29
13,620
1,506
4, 453
524
Live-Births for Mothers Aged 30 – 39
18,941
1,389
7, 355
704
Live-Births for Mothers Aged 40 and over
1,008
76
406
25
Source : Singapore Demographic Bulletin, November 2006 (Immigration & Checkpoints Authority) Singapore Demographic Bulletin, April 2011 (Immigration & Checkpoints Authority)
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
7
2.3. Tenancy of Resident Indian Households 2000 Owner
Tenant
Others
62,760 (86.1 %)
9,489 (13 %)
684 (0.9 %)
Source: Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 5 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
2010 Owner
Tenant
Others
83, 052 (77.3 %)
23, 590 (21.9 %)
866 (0.8 %)
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
2.4. Resident Indian Households by Type of Dwelling 2000 (%)
2010 (%)
1 & 2 Room HDB Flats
8.1
4.9
3 Room HDB Flats
24.4
21
4 Room HDB Flats
31.8
32
5 Room and Executive HDB Flats
24.5
24.6
Condominium & Private Flats
5.2
11.9
Landed Properties
4.4
4.4
Other Dwellings
1.3
1
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
2.5. Average Indian Household Size Average Indian Household Size
2000
2010
3.7 persons
3.6 persons
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
2.6. Resident Indian Monthly Household Income from Work 2000
2010
National Average
$ 4, 988
$ 7, 214
Indian Average
$ 4, 623
$ 7, 664
Indian Median
$ 3, 438
$ 5, 370
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
8
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
3. ECONOMIC AND LABOUR FORCE 3.1. Occupational Distribution of Resident Indian Workforce 2000
4.2%
8%
12.5%
11%
12.7%
4.4% 18%
13.7%
Senior Officials & Managers
15.4%
2010
Professionals
5.7% 2.9%
5.8%
Assoc Professionals & Technicians
14.1% 20.5%
4.3% 12.6%
Clerical Services & Sales Craftsmen & Related Plant & Machine Operators Cleaners & Labourers
11.4%
Not Classifiable
22.6%
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 5 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 3 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
3.2. Distribution of Resident Indian Workforce by Industry 15.1%
13.6%
12.3% 9.1%
cs
Pro
al E
Sv
1.6% 1.5% 1.6%
sta te fes s A Pu ion dm bli al in cA &S dm u pp in an ort He dE alt d u h c Ar &S ati ts, on oc En ial ter S erv tai Co nm ice mm en s t& ,S Re oc cre &P a ers on al Sv cs Ot he rs
&I
Re
ms
Co m
ura n
o& Inf
ce an Fin
6.1%
1.9%
ns
e
mo da
tio
n&
Fo
od
Sv cs
ag
e
Sto r
rad lT
rt &
po
Tra ns
co Ac
Wh
ole
sal
e&
Re
tai
cti on
ing
ns tru
fac
tur
Co
Ma nu
7.3% 7.5%
7% 7.1% 4.5%
3.7%
ce
16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
9
3.3. Resident Indian Household by Economic Status 2010 Economically Active Employed Total Males
79, 975 (89%)
Economically Active Unemployed Total Males
1, 894 (76.6%)
Economically Inactive Employed Total Males
9, 023 (59.5%)
89, 874 (83.6%) 9, 900 (11%)
Females
2,472 (2.3%) 578 (23.4%)
Females
15, 161 (14.1%) 6, 138 (40.5%)
Females
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
3.4. Economic Status by Indian Resident Household 83.6% 90% 80% 70% Economically Active Working
60% 50%
Economically Active Unemployed
40% 30% 20% 10%
14.1%
Economically Inactive
2.3%
0% Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
10
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
4. EDUCATION 4.1. Literacy Rate of Indian Residents Aged 15 Years and Over 2000
2010
95.1 %
98.1 %
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
4.2. Resident Indians Aged 5 Years and Over by Language Most Frequently Spoken at Home 2000 (%)
2010 (%)
English
35.6
41.6
Tamil
42.9
36.7
Malay
11.6
7.9
Mandarin
0.1
0.1
Others
9.7
13.6
Source: Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
4.3. Highest Qualification Attained by Indian Resident Non-Students Aged 15 Years and Over 2000 2010 Indians National Indians National (%) Average (%) Average (%) (%) University
16.5
11.7
35
22.8
Diploma and Professional Qualification
8.0
11.2
14.1
14.8
Post-Secondary (Non-Tertiary)
10.8
10.0
11.2
11.1
Secondary
26.4
24.6
17.2
18.9
Lower Secondary
11.9
10.9
8.5
10.2
Primary
12.6
12.1
5.7
7.0
No Qualification
13.9
19.6
8.3
15.3
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
11
2000
100% 90% 80%
10.3 11.3 12.4
70% 60%
30%
Lower Secondary
27.1
Secondary
25.8 11.3 9.7
20% 10%
Primary
13.9 11.4
50% 40%
No Education
17.7
17.9
Post-Secondary (Non-Tertiary)
10.2 6.1
Diploma& Professional Qualification
14.9
University
0% Males
Females
2010 100%
5.4% 4.6%
11.6%
90%
7.9%
6.8%
80%
16.5%
70% 60% 50%
13.1%
9.1% 18% 9.1%
17%
40%
10.9%
30% 20%
35.6%
34.4%
10% 0%
Males
Females
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 5 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Census of Population 2010, Statistical Release 1 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
4.4. Admission into Post-Secondary Institutions 2000 Percentage of P1 Indian Cohort Admitted to Post71.4 % Secondary Institutions (Pre-U, Polytechnics & ITE)
2009 89.5 %
Source : Press Release, 01 October 2001, Ministry of Education Press Release, 20 December 2010, Ministry of Education
12
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
4.5. Field of Study for Indian Polytechnic or University Graduates aged 15 years and over (as of census years 2000 and 2010) 2000 Polytechnic University
2010 Polytechnic University
Education
N.A
828
653
2,269
Fine & Applied Arts
50
549
292
745
Humanities & Social Sciences
N.A
4,416
296
10,408
Mass Communications & Information Science
125
397
374
1,654
Business & Administration
935
5,920
2,278
21,537
Natural, Physical, Chemical & Mathematic Sciences
57
2,817
301
9,003
Health Sciences
212
1,213
1,503
3,519
Information Technology 204
1,412
1,589
11,478
Architecture & Building
275
334
293
531
Engineering Sciences
2,594
6,513
9,567
18,538
Engineering, Manufacturing & Related Trades
184
N.A
280
N.A
Services
114
N.A
676
N.A
Law
N.A
1,208
N.A
2,128
Others
336
1,380
260
1,880
Source : Census of Population 2000, Statistical Release 2 (Singapore Department of Statistics) Press Release, 20 December 2010, Ministry of Education
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
13
4.6. Performance of Indian Students at National Exams 2000
2009
%
%
PSLE Indian Pupils Eligible for Secondary School
91.6
95
PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in English
99.4
98
PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in Maths
72.3
76.3
PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in Science
87.7
86.6
PSLE Indian Pupils Who Scored A*-C in Mother Tongue
96.4
97.1
2000
2009
%
%
GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils with At Least 5 O-Level passes
66.2
73
GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils who Passed English
83.7
91.1
GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils Who Passed Maths
73.3
77.7
GCE ‘O’ Level Indian Pupils Who Passed Mother Tongue
89.2
96.7
2000
2009
PSLE
GCE ‘O’ LEVEL
%
%
GCE ‘A’ Level Indian Students with At Least 3 ‘A’/‘H2’ Passes and Pass in General Paper / Knowledge Inquiry
GCE ‘A’ LEVEL
N.A.
85.4
GCE ‘A’ Level Indian Pupils Who Passed General Paper / Knowledge Inquiry
92.1
94.3
GCE ‘A’ Level Indian Students Who Passed Mother Tongue
92.6
90.6
Source : Press Release, 01 October 2001, Ministry of Education Press Release, 20 December 2010, Ministry of Education
14
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
5. MARRIAGES AND DIVORCES 5.1. Marriages and Divorces 2009
National
Indians
Number of Remarriages
5,284
229
Number of Minor Marriages of Brides (under 20 years)
336
14
Number of Minor Marriages of Grooms (under 20 years)
56
5
Median Age of Brides
28.1
27.2
Median Age of Grooms
31
30.3
Number of Divorces
5,402
361
Mean Duration of Marriage of Couples Divorced (Years)
10.5
10.6
Source: Statistics on Marriage & Divorces, 2009 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
5.2. Indian Divorces by Age Group 120
107
100
8184
80
89 75
74
62
57
60
74
Males
47
40
34
32
20
Females
12 2
0
Under 25-29 25
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50 and Over
Source: Statistics on Marriage & Divorces, 2009 (Singapore Department of Statistics)
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011
15
6. SOCIAL INDICATORS 6.1. Indian Drug Abusers 2005
2010
Indian Drug Abusers
61 (7.7 %)
264 (14.6 %)
Total Number of Drug Abusers
793
1, 805
2009
2010
Indian Drug Abusers
92 (15.3%)
71 (14.2%)
Total Number of Drug Abusers
600
499
Source : Drug Situation Report, 2005 (Central Narcotics Bureau) Drug Situation Report, 2010 (Central Narcotics Bureau)
6.2. Indian Inhalant Abusers
Source: Drug Situation Report, 2010 (Central Narcotics Bureau)
6.3. Single Parent-Registered Births per 10,000 Female Residents 2000
2005
National Average
2.7
2.5
Indian Average
4.5
3.7
Source: Community Statistics, Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports
6.4. School Dropout Primary School
2000
2005
National
127
71
Indians
16
8
Secondary School
2000
2005
National
1152
860
Indians
107
75
Source: Community Statistics, Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports
16
The Singapore Indian Community in Figures 2011