Arvand-35

‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻜﺮﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺖ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻰ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ‪89 -‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1684-4270‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﺻﻠﻰ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪(1‬ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪﻓﺮﻭﺵ‪:‬ﻛﺮﺝ‪،‬ﻧﺴﻴﻢﺷﻬﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﺪﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ )ﻛﺪ ‪:(021‬‬ ‫‪ 88802677-8‬ﻭ ‪ 88739880-2‬ﻭ ‪88504770-4‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ )ﻛﺪ ‪:(0229‬‬ ‫‪ 4586036 -4585899‬ﻭ ‪ 4584983-7‬ﻭ ‪4584996-7‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 0229-4585079‬ﻭ ‪021-88766794‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ )ﻛﺪ ‪:(0229‬‬ ‫‪ 4585657-8‬ﻭ ‪ 4584998‬ﻭ ‪4584717‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ )ﻛﺪ ‪:(0229‬‬ ‫‪4584198‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻧﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪info@arvandcorp.com‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‪2 ...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ! ‪4 ............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪8..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪10 ..................................................‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‪18...‬‬

‫‪sales@arvandcorp.com‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪w w w. a r v a n d c o r p . c o m‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪29.....................................................................‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ :2‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ 26‬ﺍﺗﻮﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ‪ -‬ﺷــﻬﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺷﻤﺲﺁﺑﺎﺩ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﺍﺭ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﮔﻠﺸﻦ ‪ - 10‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ‪.10‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻰﻓﻦﻫﺎ‪33...............................................................................................‬‬

‫‪gac@arvandcorp.com‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪021-56230345-9‬‬

‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﻰ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻰ ‪ 37685 - 113‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨــﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸــﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻮﺩﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ARVAND Internal Magazine‬‬ ‫‪Managing Director: M. Shojaei‬‬ ‫‪Editor in chief: H. Bahrami‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 2‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﯾﮏ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻞ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺮﮐﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻓــﻦﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ECM‬ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﮐﺮﻭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻗــﺮﺹ ﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻞ ﺳــﻮﺧﺘﯽ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﺫﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻗﯿﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻠﻨﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻠﻨﻮﻡ ‪TEK‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻞ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺳــﻮﻡ ﺗﻤﯿﺰﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﺮﻓﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫‪ ERS‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪ ،Greenheck‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫــﺪﻑ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﭘﻠﻨﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﯿﭻ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺸﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫‪ Lennox‬ﺳﺮﯼ ‪ Energence‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺸــﺖﺑﺎﻣﯽ ‪ 17-SEER‬ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺳــﻮﺧﺖ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Continental Fan‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻧــﺎﻝ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓــﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﮋﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻗﯽ ﺭﺥ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ‪Vektor-‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﯾﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﯿﻌــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﻔﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﮔﻠﯿﮑــﻮﻝ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻫــﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳــﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻢﭼــﻮﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﺷﯿﺸﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫‪Corning‬‬

‫‪Pittsburgh‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﯾﻖﻫــﺎﯼ ﺷﯿﺸــﻪﺍﯼ ﺑــﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﻫﻢﭼﻮﻥ ﮔﻮﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻧﮏ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺮﯾــﮑﺎ )‪ ،(Bank of America‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫)‪ (Walmart‬ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2020‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪ Gallup‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺯ )‪ 7in.(571mm‬ﺑــﺎ ﺯﻣﯿﻨــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﯿﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺳــﺎﻝ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺷــﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻧﻔﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﺯﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﺳــﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳــﻮﺍﻝ ﭘﺎﺳــﺦ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﯾﺎ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻫﺸﺖﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﭼﺴــﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﯼ ﭘـﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﯾﮏ ﭘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺭﺩﻩ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Silicon Valley‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻞ ﺳــﻮﺧﺘﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺳﺴــﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺒــﻖ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﺳــﻨﺠﯽ ‪ Gallup‬ﺩﺭ ‪ 20‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬــﺎ ‪ 28‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺳــﺦﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌــﺎﺩ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﭘﯿﻞ ﺳــﻮﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Bell & Gossett‬ﺳــﺮﯼ‬

‫ﯾﺨﭽﺎﻝ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪ ecocirc e3‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔــﺮﺩﺵ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 33‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺸــﺶ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺗﺴــﻤﻪﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻮﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠــﺪﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺮﮐﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 3‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ENERGY‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﻟﺲﺁﻧﺠﻠــﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷــﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﺩﯼ‪.‬ﺳــﯽ‪،‬‬

‫‪ STAR‬ﺍﻗــﺪﺍﻡ ﺑــﻪ ﻃﺮﺡﺭﯾــﺰﯼ ﮔﺎﻡﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﻪﺍﯼ )‪ (SMACNA‬ﺳــﻪ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻥﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﯿﺴﮑﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﮑﺎﮔﻮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨــﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒــﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ‬

‫ﻻﮐﻨﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻻﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﻼﻧﺘﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﺘﻄﯿﻞ ‪ HVAC‬ﻭ ﮐﺎﻧــﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬

‫ﻧﯿﻮﯾﻮﺭﮎ‪ .‬ﮔﻔﺘﻨﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﻣﺤﺼــﻮﻻﺕ ﺑــﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ ENERGY STAR‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫‪ HVAC‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤــﻦ ‪ - SMACNA‬ﮐﺘــﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻟﺲﺁﻧﺠﻠﺲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯼ ‪ Metal and Flexible‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ‪ DOE‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃــﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 21‬ﺁﻭﺭﯾﻞ‪ 5 ،‬ﻭ‬

‫‪ 3900‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ‬

‫ﻧﺰﺩﯾــﮏ ﺑــﻪ ‪ 200‬ﻣــﺪﻝ ﻓﺮﯾــﺰ‪ ،‬ﯾﺨﭽﺎﻝ‪،‬‬

‫‪ 19‬ﻣﻪ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﯼ ‪SMACNA‬‬

‫‪ ENERGY STAR‬ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﻟﺒﺎﺱﺷﻮﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﻇﺮﻑﺷﻮﯾﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣـﻮﺵ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗـﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ‪ 1‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﻤﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺳــﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 60‬ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪﺍﯼ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺛﺒﺖﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭ ‪ 385‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 145‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Ford Motor‬ﺍﻗــﺪﺍﻡ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻢﺳــﻮ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺪﺭﺭﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﭗﺗــﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻣﯿﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ‪ 300‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻻﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫‪ ConocoPhillips‬ﺗﺤــﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﯾــﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ ConocoPhillips‬ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﺘــﯽ‬

‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷــﺐ ﯾــﺎ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫‪ Penn‬ﯾــﮏ ﺟﺎﯾــﺰﻩ ‪ 300‬ﻫــﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻻﺭﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻔﺘــﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﯿﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﻫﺪﺍ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼــﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓــﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪21‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻪ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺳــﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﮐﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔــﯽ ﻃﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺎﯾــﺰﻩ‬

‫ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴــﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾــﯽ ﺣﻔﺎﻇــﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﺯﯾﺴــﺖ )‪ (EPA‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ENERGY STAR‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑــﻪ ‪ 1/2‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ‪ 16‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 25‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ENERGY STAR‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴــﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ )‪ (DOE‬ﻭ ﺁﮊﺍﻧﺲ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳــﺖ ‪ 10‬ﺷــﻬﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﯿــﻂ ﺯﯾﺴــﺖ )‪ (EPA‬ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ DOE‬ﻭ ‪ EPA‬ﻫﻢﺍﮐﻨــﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﭼﺴــﺐ ‪ENERGY‬‬ ‫‪ STAR‬ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺼــﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪﯾﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾـﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮ ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾــﺞ ﻧﻈﺮﺳــﻨﺠﯽ ﺍﺧﯿــﺮ‬ ‫‪ ،Accenture‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳــﺦﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ »ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ« ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ‪ 76‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﯾــﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺳــﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳــﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺁﺏﮔﺮﻡﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 4‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ!‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺗﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﯿــﻢ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸــﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﺳــﺎﻧﯿﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤــﮑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﺜﯿﺮﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪﯼ ﯾﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﺪ؛ ﭼﻪ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺠﯿﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ ﻭ ﻟﻌﻦ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺳﻮﺑﺴﯿﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻣﺎ‪» ،‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﺎﺭﺍﻭﻝ« ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﺪﻻﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺧﻮﺭﺍﮎ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐــﺎﺕ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ ﻧﻤﯽﻣﯿﺮﺩ!‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﯾﻢ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﯼ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻏﻠﻮ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ!‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪﯼ ﯾﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺧﺬ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾــﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ‪ C.O.P‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬

‫ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪ 0.7‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ‬

‫ﻣــﺎ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻣﯽﻣﯿﺮﺩ!‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ‪ 3.4‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭ ﻋﺰﯾﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﯾﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ ‪ 5‬ﺗــﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﯿﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﻧﺮﺳــﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﮑﺘﻪ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫‪ 23.0kW‬ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ‪ 900‬ﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﺍﯾﺴــﺘﻨﺪ! ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣــﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 17kW‬ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﯿﻒ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ‬

‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪0.71‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺷــﺪﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺷﯽ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣــﻮﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ‬

‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺎﻡﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2.7‬ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﮐﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 5‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 6‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 7‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨﮏ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻫﯿﭻ‬

‫ﺷﻌﻠﻪﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨﮏ ‪ 5‬ﺗﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬

‫ﺑﯽ ﺍﻃــﻼﻉ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﯾﻘﯿﻨــﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Robur‬ﺍﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳــﮑﺮﺍﻝ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﮒ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪Excel‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﺷــﮑﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓــﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺘــﺮﻡ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺏ ﺳــﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴــﺘﺎﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﺷــﻔﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪www.arvandcorp.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤــﯽ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫــﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ com‬ﯾﮏ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻃﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫‪ 3‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 4‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪ 33‬ﺍﺭﻭﻧــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 5‬ﻭ ‪ 6‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻮﯼ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺼﯿﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬

‫ﻫﻤــﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨــﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﻔﺎﻑﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺮﯾﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬

‫ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﯾﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﮐﺮﯾﺴﺘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ‪5‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ!‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻎ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘــﻪ ‪ 10‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ‪ 25‬ﺗﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﯾــﺐ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﮑﺮﺍﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺑﺴــﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﯿﺘﯿــﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪﯼ ﻣﺼــﺪﺍﻕ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ‬

‫‪ 18/453/600‬ﺭﯾﺎﻝ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﯿﺐ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ‬

‫‪ 5‬ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 92/268/000‬ﺭﯾﺎﻝ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ ‪ 15‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻧﻤﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺣﻞ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﻠــﻎ ‪ 1/285/478/333‬ﺭﯾﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮐﺮﯾﺴــﺘﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻘﺎ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻋﯿﺐ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟!‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﺑــﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﻭ ﯾﻘﯿﻨﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺗﺎﯾﯿــﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻔﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺳــﺎﻟﻢ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻓــﻪﺍﯼ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﯼ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﭘﺲ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﯿﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐــﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﯽﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ؟‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻤﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺳــﺦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳــﺆﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺘﺎ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬

‫‪ ۱۴‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ‪۸۹‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﯾﻨﮑــﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻫﻨــﻮﺯ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﯽ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻧــﺮﺥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 8‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‬

‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏﻫــﺎ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩﯼ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﺑﺎﯾﻨﺪﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫــﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺬﺏ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﺩ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫــﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺱ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺫﺏﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺏﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺟﺬﺏ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 5‬ﻭ ‪ 25%‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺟــﺬﺏ ﻭ ﻧﮕــﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫)‪ (adsorption‬ﯾﺎ ﺟﺬﺏ )‪ (absorption‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺠــﺎﺭﯼ ﺣﺘﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﺳــﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺍﺣﯿﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻡﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺗــﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﯿــﻦ ‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 260‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﮏ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻣــﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫)ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ( ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣــﻪ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻚﻛﻨ‬

‫ﻴﺎﻯ‬

‫ﺧﺸ‬

‫ﺍﺣ‬

‫ﺟ‬

‫ﺬﺏ‬

‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﯼ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﭼﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﯿﺎﻑ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﮎ ﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳــﻨﺘﺘﯿﮏ‪،‬‬

‫ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺣﺮﮐــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ (3‬ﻭ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ )ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ 3‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ (1‬ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10,000‬ﺗﺎ ‪100,000‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ (1) :‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ )‪ (2‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﺗﺮﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺳــﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺟــﺎﺫﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻤﺘــﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 9‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺷــﺒﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﯿﻮﻩﺍﯼﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾــﻊ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣــﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳــﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺸﮏﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻓﻌﺎﻝﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺣﯿﺎ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ‪ 38 m /s‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺭﺑﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼــﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨــﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ‬

‫)‪ (Conditioner‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑــﺎ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﺩﻣــﺎ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻛﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺩﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺸﮏ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﯾﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻰ‬

‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﻧﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻰ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﯾﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾــﯽ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳــﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺍﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿــﺖ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﻓﻌﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﻯﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻓﻌﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺯﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻓﻌﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﻓﻌﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫)ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ(‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺧﺸــﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻼ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 10‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻓﻦﺁﻭﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﻭ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕﺯﻣﺎﻧــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﯾــﺎ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺴــﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺑــﺎﻻﯼ ‪ 150‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥﺳــﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺤﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻼﻝﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ (300oF‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﺸــﺎﺭﮐﺖ‬

‫ﻓﻠــﺰﯼ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﮑﻨﺴﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﮑﻨﺴﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺶﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﮑﻨﺴــﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻟﺤﯿﻢﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﮐﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﮐــﻪ ﻫﻤــﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋــﺪﻡ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﺗﺮﯾــﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳــﺘﯽ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻭ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾــﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﯾــﺖ ﮐــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﺫﯾﻞ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻨﻬــﺎ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽﺷــﺪﻩ )ﻃﺒﻖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ(‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺕ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ R22‬ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔــﺮﻭﻩ ‪ R500‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﯿــﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﯿﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻓﻠﻮﺭﯾــﮏ ﻭ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﻠﺮﺭﯾﮏ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠــﻮﺏ ﻗﻠﻤﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻫﺎﻟﻮﮊﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻼﯾﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺲﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺲﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟــﺶ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺣــﺬﻑ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﻮﺣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤــﺎﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺨــﺎﺫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺍﺩﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ )ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﯿﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﮑﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣــﺪﻥ ﻟﺠﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑــﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧــﻪ )ﺍﺭﯾﻔﯿﺲ(‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﯾﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯾــﯽ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 11‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒــﻼ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺧﻸ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﮋﻥ( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﯾﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧــﻸ ﻋﻤﯿــﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻸ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻸ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﺧﻸ )ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ( ﺧﻮﺏ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺤﯿــﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﺧﻸ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻸ ‪2torr‬‬

‫ﺭﺳﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﯿﮑﻞ ﺧﻸ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﯿــﻖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺪﺕ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﮑﻞ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﯾﻬﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬

‫‪ 15‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳــﭙﺲ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﻸ ‪ 5torr‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟــﻒ( ﺍﻓــﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻸ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﯿﻢ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﻣﮕــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ OFN‬ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺷﮑﺴــﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸــﺘﯽ ﭘﺲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ( ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺑــﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﯼﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠــﺪﺩﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺳــﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﯾــﮏ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻫﻨــﻮﺯ ﺣﺠﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺧﻸ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ‪ OFN‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺠﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳــﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ OFN‬ﻣﺘﻼﺷﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ‬

‫ﭘــﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﻭﮐﯿــﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ ﻗﻮﯼﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳــﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ‪ 24‬ﯾﺎ ‪48‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪) OFN‬ﻧﯿﺘــﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﻋﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺧﻸ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﭻ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻄﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻸ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫‪ 1torr=1mmHg=1000µmHg‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﻣﺘــﺮ ﺗﺤــﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﯿﮑــﺮﻭﻥ ﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (2‬ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﮔﯿﺞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺧﻸ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 12‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻓﮏﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﺳــﯿﮑﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻸ ﺳــﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺟــﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(1‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﺩﻣــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﯾــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﯾﻮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﺰﻭﻻﺗﻮﺭ )ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ(‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ ﺑﻤﺎﻧــﺪ ﺯﯾــﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﻮﻕﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ‬

‫ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿــﻂ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺭﯾﺴــﯿﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨــﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻨﮑــﻪ ﻫﯿــﭻ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﮔﯿﺞ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻗﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﺧﻸ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻊﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﯿﺞ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤــﺖ ﻭﻟﺘــﺎﮊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑــﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﭘﻼﮎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﻫﺶ‬ ‫)ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ(‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻭﻟﺘــﺎﮊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻨﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻓﯿﻮﺯ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﯿﺞ‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﺮﺧــﺶ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 13‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺴــﺘﯽ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳــﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳــﺎﯾﻞ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳــﭙﺲ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﯽ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗــﻞ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻧــﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﯾــﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﮐﻒ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓــﻪ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺟﺬﺏﺷــﺪﻩ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺎﺭﮊﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻫﯿﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺳــﯿﮑﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗــﺮ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ /‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣــﺎ ﻭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑــﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﯾﮋﻩﺍﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺸــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺧﻂ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯾﻬﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﯾﮏﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮐﻮﭼــﮏ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 14‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﮔﯿﺞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )ﻣﯿﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ(‬

‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯿﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺖ‬

‫‪ -6‬ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺧﻸ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﻣــﻮﺵ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﮏ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﭘﺮﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪ -7‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫــﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓــﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻗﻮﻃﯽ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﻨﻔﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﻨﯿــﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺸــﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮ ﺷﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )ﻣﯿﻠﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ‪ 0.1‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺷــﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻧﻤﺎ( ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﯾﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬

‫‪ -10‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﺧﻮﺍﻫــﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ‪25‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻇﺮﻑ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ )‪ 1‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ( ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼﮐﻪ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷــﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺷــﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻓﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪(4‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ )ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ ﭘﻤﭗ(‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪ -4‬ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺧــﻸ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺷــﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭﺻﻞ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺗــﻞ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫‪ -9‬ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﻧﺸــﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗــﻊ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺯﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺳــﻬﻞ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪:(5‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ 0.1‬ﺑﺎﺭ )‪ (3psig‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺩﺭﭘــﻮﺵ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯾﺪ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺷــﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺳــﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺧــﻂ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﮎ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (5‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻼﺀ )ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ( ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 15‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻼﺀ‬

‫‪CFC‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠـﺮﻭﻓـﻠـﻮﺭﮐـﺮﺑـﻦﻫــﺎ )‪(CFC‬ﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺻﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻸ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺳــﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪ .(7‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻸ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪.(6‬‬

‫ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸــﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﻔﮏ‬

‫ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ CFC‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺎﮐﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪CFC‬ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺑﯽﺯﺩﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿــﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﻠــﻮﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯽ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﮐﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﯼ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺟﻮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺗــﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺷــﻮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫‪CFC‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷــﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺷــﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ‬

‫ﺟــﻮ ﺑﺎﻗــﯽ ﻣﯽﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺸــﮑﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻓــﺮﺽ ﺍﯾﻨﮑــﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸــﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤــﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺻﻔﺤــﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ‬

‫‪ .(8‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻒ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯﻥ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻣــﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘــﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔــﺶ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺍﺗﻢﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﻠﺮ ﺭﺍﺩﯾﮑﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐــﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10-15‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑــﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﻇــﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻣــﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾــﯽ‬

‫ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﯼﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﻠﻨﺪﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨــﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣــﺪﺭﺝ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﯾﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻃــﻮﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﯾــﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑــﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﭘﺮﻭﺗــﮑﻞ ﻣﻮﻧﺘــﺮﺍﻝ ﮐــﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﻞﻟﻨﮓ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﻨﺎﻣــﻪﺍﯼ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮊﺍﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻸ )ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ(‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑــﺮ‬ ‫‪،CFC‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﻢ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﺮ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻠﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 16‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 1989‬ﺍﺟﺒــﺎﺭﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﯾــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐــﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋــﺮﺽ ‪ 10‬ﺳــﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿــﺎﮎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻋﻤــﻞ ﺗﻤﯿــﺰ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫‪CFC‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺳــﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺳﻤﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؛‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗــﻒ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪ 1986‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ CFC‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﮎﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺑﯽﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﺳــﻤﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﯼ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﺯﯾﺴــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ CFC‬ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳــﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﯿﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﻇﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ(‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻻﯾﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺸــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ‪CFC‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺴــﺘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺟــﺎﯼ ﺭﻫﺎ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺴــﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻸ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﮐﭙﺴــﻮﻝ ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺮ ﻧﺸــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻋﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﯿﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔــﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﮑﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﯼ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ ‪SSV‬‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﻫﺶ )ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ( ‪DSV‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (7‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺧﻸ )ﻭﮐﯿﻮﻡ(‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻘﺐ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳــﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸــﺖ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻋﻤﻞﺁﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﻣﮑﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﯾﺲ ﺩﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (8‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﯾﺨﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﯿﭽﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳــﯿﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﮑﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 17‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ‬

‫ﮔﯿﺞﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺭﯾﺴــﯿﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﯿﺞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺳﻮﻟﻮﻧﻮﯾﯿﺪ ﻭﻟﻮ‬

‫ﺭﯾﺴﯿﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﮑﺶ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﮐﻨــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑــﺎﺭ ‪ 9.5‬ﺁﻣﭙﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﯾﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ )ﺭﮔﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭ( ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺷــﯿﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺶ ﭼﻨﺪﺭﺍﻫــﻪ )ﻣﻨﯽﻓﻮﻟﺪ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓــﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﯽﻓﻮﻟﺪ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﯾﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺳــﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺷــﯿﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (9‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺮﯾــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒــﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻋﯿﻨﮏ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬

‫ﺳــﻠﻮﻧﻮﯾﯿﺪﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺎﯾﻤــﺮ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻦ ﺩﺳــﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﭙﺴــﻮﻝ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾــﮏ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﻦ ‪ 75‬ﻭﺍﺗﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﯿــﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷــﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﻗﺒــﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ (10bar) 150Psig‬ﻭﺻﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪120Psig‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﺎﺭﮊﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﯽ‬

‫)‪ (8bar‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻗــﻒ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﮐﻤﺎﮐﺎﻥ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤــﻞ( ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﯾﺴﯿﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﯾﺖ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﯽﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺳــﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﯿﺴــﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺳــﻨﺠﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﯾﺮ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﮑﺸﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﯿﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺤــﺮﮎ ﺗﮏﻓﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮ‬

‫ﻋﺒــﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫‪ 1.5kW‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﯾﺴــﯿﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺭﯾﺴــﯿﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﯾﮏ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪(26.5bar) 400Psig‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿــﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺷــﯿﺮ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﺧﻨﮏ ﭘــﺮﻩﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (9‬ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﺣــﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﯾﻮﻧﯿــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 18‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘــﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄــﻼﺡ ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪﺍﯼ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨــﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﻫﻤﺴــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻭﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﭘــﺎﺭﻩﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﯿــﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺑــﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﻧﺎﻣﯿــﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻪ ﻣﯽﻧﺎﻣﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺑــﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﯿﻢ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺁﯾﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺻﺮﻑﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺍﺧﺘــﻼﻑ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻔــﺖ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻣــﻼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿــﺮﺩ؟ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ »ﺍﺛﺮ« ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻔﺖ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺩﯾﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﯿﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺨــﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ )ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ( ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ )ﺁﺏﮔــﺮﻡ ‪ -‬ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻍ ﯾــﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ( ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨــﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﺘﯿــﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾــﺪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﯾﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﮑﻨﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻢ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺭﺍ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﯿﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻢ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺗﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﯾــﺎ ﺣﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻭ )‪ (2‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺣﯿﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﯿﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛــﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﯾــﮏ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻬﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﯿﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 19‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﮐﻢﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨــﺪ ‪ 18000btu/hr‬ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿــﺎﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ‪ 17‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬

‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﯾﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻬﻼﮎ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‪،‬‬

‫‪ 500‬ﺗــﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺩﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﮐﻢﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ‪12 psi‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (3‬ﻃﺮﺣــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿــﻞ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﺮﺝ )‪ 85°F (4.29°C‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ )‪44°F(7.6°C‬‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾــﯽ ﺑﯿــﻦ ‪ 0.65‬ﺗﺎ ‪0.7‬‬

‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﯾﮏﺍﺛــﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ‪ 500‬ﺗﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ ‪ -‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 15psig‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ 0.7‬ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑــﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻫﻢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 94‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪ 8571429btu/hr‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ 200‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾــﺖ( ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ‬

‫‪(500×12000)/0.7=8571429btu/hr‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾــﯽ ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ‪ 0.7‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬

‫‪ 9022‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪12psi‬‬

‫)‪ (12000btu/hr‬ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ‪ 1008‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪240‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪ t1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ t2‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺳــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺯ ‪t3‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ‪ t4‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟــﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪13‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ b‬ﺩﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ 13‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ t1‬ﺑﻪ ‪ t2‬ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ 14‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ 13‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫‪ 14‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪15‬‬

‫ﻭ ‪ 16‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪) 16‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ( ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪) 14‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ( ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺭﻗﯿــﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ 12‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 20‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻧﻘــﺎﻁ ‪ 14،13 ،12‬ﻭ ‪ 16‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ b‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﻭ )‪ (5‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﺪﻣــﺎﻥ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬ ‫)ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ(‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫــﻢ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ(‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺩﻭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻃﯽ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻃﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﺬ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺿﺮﯾــﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 1.0‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1.2‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻄﯿــﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﯾﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛــﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 21‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻧﻬــﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻄﯿــﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣــﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺳــﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨــﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿــﺖ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﯼ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﮐﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺗﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳـﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﻌﮑـﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳــﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺭﻗﯿــﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧــﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‪،‬ﻣﺒــﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﺴــﯿﻢ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﻭ )‪ (7‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺮ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (5‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺗﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎ )‪ (24‬ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ »ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﯽ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐــﻢ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮐﻢ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ« ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺳــﺮﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫)‪ (24‬ﺗﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﻏﻠﯿﻆﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪ (21‬ﺗﺎ )‪(28‬‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻫﺮ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ )‪ (28‬ﺗﺎ )‪(24‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ )‪ (21‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (28‬ﻭ )‪(21‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ )‪ (8‬ﻭ )‪ (9‬ﻫﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 22‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪ (25‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (10‬ﭼﺮﺧــﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳــﺮﯼ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (13‬ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ )‪ (11‬ﻭ )‪ (12‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘــﻼﻑ ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﺴــﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿــﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻏﻠﯿــﻆ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺷﻌﻠﻪﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻈــﺮ ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (7‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺳــﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 23‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻃﯽ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ )ﻣﺒﺮﺩ( ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣــﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﯿﻆ‬ ‫ﻏﻠ‬

‫ﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﻗ‬

‫ﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺏ(‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘ ‪ 1‬ﺁ‬ ‫‪00 0٪‬‬ ‫)‪٪‬‬

‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﯾﺘﻤﯽ(‬

‫ﺧﻂ‬

‫ﮐﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (2‬ﯾﺎ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪ 149‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 300‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾــﺖ( ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﮐﻔﺎﯾﺖ ﺣــﺎﻭﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ‪ 21‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 22‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 24‬ﺗﺎ ‪25‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ‪ 22‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 26‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 28‬ﺗﺎ ‪29‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﯼ ﺩﯾﮓ ‪ 115‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (8‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ -‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ‪ 174‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 346‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ ،(2‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻏﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻆ‬

‫ﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺭﻗ‬

‫ﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺏ(‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘ ‪ 1‬ﺁ‬ ‫‪00 0٪‬‬ ‫)‪٪‬‬

‫ﺧﻂ‬

‫ﮐﺮﯾ‬

‫ﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﯾﺘﻤﯽ(‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔــﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺻــﺮﻑ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (9‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ‪ -‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺧــﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﮔــﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬

‫ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾــﺮ )‪ (14‬ﻭ )‪ (15‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺮ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(1‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﯾﺎ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑــﺎﻻ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻨﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (16‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﯾﮓ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻆ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻮﯼ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 24‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﯿﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﺩﻣﺎﯼﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ‪ 82‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 180‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ‪ 88‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 190‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (3‬ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻄﯿــﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫)ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺁﺏ( ‪ 38‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 100‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (10‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾــﺖ( ﻭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ‪ 34‬ﻭ ‪ 36‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻭ ‪ 34‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 85‬ﻭ ‪ 93‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 93‬ﻭ ‪ 97‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﻓﺸــﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ‪ 6‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈــﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (4‬ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 42‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑــﺮ ﻫــﻢ ‪ 35‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪95‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (5‬ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 12‬ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 44‬ﻭ ‪ 54‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (6‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧــﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ‪29‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻮﯼ ﺩﻭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (11‬ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 25‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺳﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯿﺪﻩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯼ ﺩﯾﮓ‬ ‫)ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯿﺪﻩ( ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺬ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯿﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﻫﺮ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻡﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺷــﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (12‬ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻬﻼﮎ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‪،‬‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬

‫‪TC‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪LCD‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯿﺪﻩ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (13‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺳــﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﻭ ﮐــﻢ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(7‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﺭﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪ 44‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮﺍﺩ )‪ 112‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠــﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﯽ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻈﺮﯼ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 1.4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1.6‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 26‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑـﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑــﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺩﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺑﻨــﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒــﺎﺭﺕ »ﺍﺛﺮ« ﻭ‬ ‫»ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ« ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (14‬ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷــﺎﯾﻨﺪﯼ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺗﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﯿﻦﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﯽﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺗﮏﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻤﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﻩ‬

‫)‪5-15 (135-205‬‬

‫)‪65-145 (110-120‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪°F(°C) ،‬‬

‫)‪225-250 (110-120‬‬

‫)‪305-365 (175-185‬‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪°F(°C) ،‬‬

‫)‪240-300 (115-150‬‬

‫)‪310-400 (155-205‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑــﺮ ﻭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‪°F(°C) ،‬‬

‫)‪40-100 (4-38‬‬

‫)‪40-80 (4-27‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫‪0.6-0.7‬‬

‫‪0.9-1.2‬‬

‫)‪2.45-6.0 (0.04-0.1‬‬

‫)‪1.8-4.5 (0.03-0.08‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‪psig (kPa) ،‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺑﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫)‪gpm/ton (L/s.kWT‬‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫)‪kW/ton (kW/kWT‬‬

‫)‪0.015-0.021 (0.004-0.006) 0.012-0.030 (0.003-0.009‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (15‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ )‪ ،(1‬ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ( ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 27‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺸــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨــﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫)‪ (24‬ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺁﺏ )ﺟﺎﺫﺏ( ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ(‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﮐﺘﯽﻓﺎﯾــﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪(26‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪ (2‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪ ،(2‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ )‪ ،(27) -(26‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ )‪(26‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(20‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﯿــﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿــﺎﮎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺛﻘﻠﯽ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿــﺎﮎ( ﻭ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ )ﺁﺏ( ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪ (21‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﮑﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ )‪ ،(22) -(21‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ )‪،(21‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤــﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ )‪ ،(20) -(1‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ )‪ (1‬ﺩﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿــﺎﮎ( ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑــﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ )‪ ،(21) -(20‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ )‪(20‬‬ ‫ﺗــﺎ )‪ (20A‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ )ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ( ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﯼ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺁﺏ )ﺟﺎﺫﺏ(‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ )ﻣــﺎﺩﻩ ﺟــﺎﺫﺏ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺒــﺮﺩ( ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ )‪ (27‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ )‪ ،(22) -(27‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )‪ (27‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏ )ﺁﺏ( ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﭘــﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺭﯾﻔﯿﺲ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺭﯾﻔﯿﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫)ﺟــﺎﺫﺏ( ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑــﺮ ﺑﺨــﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺴـﯿﺮ )‪(25) -(24) -(23) -(22‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (17‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺮ ﻃﺮﺣــﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺏﺷــﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻭ )‪ ،(26) - (23) - (22‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ )‪(22‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ )ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺁﺏ( ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (15‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ‪ -‬ﺁﺏ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (16‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 28‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯿﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (16‬ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‬

‫ﭘــﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﻣﯽﺭﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﯿﺶﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﯿــﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ‬

‫ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ )‪ (21‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑــﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺭﯾﻔﯿﺲ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (17‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ‪ -‬ﺁﺏ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ‪/‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﮐــﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﻭﺭﺑﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫــﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﻮﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 29‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫــﺎﯼ ﻗﺪﯾﻤــﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺘــﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‪/‬‬

‫ﻟﺰﻭﻣــﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﯿــﺮ ﯾﺎ ‪VSD‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭﻟــﯽ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺖﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺯﻣﺴــﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ ﺭﻭﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﯾــﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿــﺮﯼ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‪/‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﺩﯾﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳــﻘﻔﯽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﻔﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﯾﮓﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﻏﯿــﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣــﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼﺷــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺸــﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﻤﭙــﺎﮊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺸﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤــﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﻼﺱﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻩ ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻟﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺳﺮﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻟﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 30‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼــﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾــﻦ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺳــﻘﻔﯽ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﯾﮓﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫● ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺿﻤــﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭙــﺎﮊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺫﺧﯿــﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﭼﺸــﻤﮕﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳــﺮ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻟﯿــﻞ ﺍﺻﻄــﮑﺎﮎ ﺟــﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯾﯽ‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨــﺪ ﺻﺪﻭﺑﯿﺴﺖﻭﺳــﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ﺑﯿﺴﺖﻭﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﺎﻟــﺖ ﮐﺎﻟﯿﻔﺮﻧﯿــﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾــﮑﺎ ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒــﻂ ﺑــﺎ ﻋﺎﯾــﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠــﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪،‬‬

‫● ﺑــﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑــﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﯾﺠــﺎﺩ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫‪ CAD‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﻤــﺎﯼ ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ ﺍﺟــﺰﺍﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫‪ ASHRAE Fundamentals‬ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑــﯽ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ANSI/ASHRAE/‬‬

‫‪ IESNA 90.1‬ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻋﺎﯾﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﻗﻄــﺮ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫● ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﯾﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﺎﻟﯿﻔﺮﻧﯿﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ‬

‫● ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻟــﺮﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒــﺎ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــﯽ ﺟﻮﺍﻧــﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﮐﺴﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬ ‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ‬

‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫● ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒــﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒــﺎﻁ‬

‫● ﺗﻌﯿﯿــﻦ ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻋﺎﯾــﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺳــﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫● ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺟﺰﯾﯿﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﺎﺭﮐﺖ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ‬

‫● ﻋﺎﯾــﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﮐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺭﻋﺎﯾــﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﮐﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﮑﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺮﻧﯿﺰﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨــﺎﯼ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 31‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫‪ 4fps‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ‪ 6fps‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﭼﺸــﻤﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫‪ 50psig‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑــﯽ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪ - 4‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺳــﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﮏﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻭ ﮐﻢﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷــﯿﻮﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ‬

‫ﻧــﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﯼ ﻣﻌﮑــﻮﺱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍﯼ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﻧﺸــﻌﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﺑﯽﺭﻭﯾﻪ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﯾﮏ ﭘﯿﭻ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺑــﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ ﻣﻌﮑــﻮﺱ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻫــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺸــﻌﺎﺏﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃــﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒــﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪ ،2003‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺟﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸــﺮﻭﺡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﭘﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻌــﺶ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠــﻪ ‪ 25ft‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 30ft‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺠﻬــﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪﺍﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﭼﻬــﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓــﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤــﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼــﻞ ﭼﻬﻞﻭﻫﻔﺘــﻢ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺘــﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪ASHRAE Application‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺮﮐــﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟــﻪﺍﯼ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﯿــﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ‪ 2in‬ﻭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮔﺮﯾــﺰ‬

‫ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤــﺎﻥ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﺧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 32‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻨــﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺗﺴــﻬﯿﻞ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻣــﻼ ﻏﯿﺮﺳــﻤﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟــﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﺰﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﯾﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺷــﻌﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺪﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﯿﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑــﺲ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﺮﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭼﺸــﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫــﺪﻑ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻬــﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻤــﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺭﭺﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬــﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺍﯾﻤﯽ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷــﺪﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻬــﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫‪ pH‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻋﺎﯾﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺟﺤﯿﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﭼﺴــﺐ ﻋﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﺎﯾﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑــﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺴــﺎﻁ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿــﮏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿــﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺨــﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺴــﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﺴــﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺒــﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻠﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮﻡ ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺘــﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺳــﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﺍﯾــﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﯾﺰﯼ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮﯼ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺍﺷــﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ ﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺒﻨــﺎﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳــﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳــﺮ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻏﯿﺮﺳﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﻋﺎﯾــﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺷــﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺳﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﯾﻖﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

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‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷــﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺣﺘﺎ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺕ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺠــﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑــﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﺪﯼﺗﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒــﻂ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﻦﻫــﺎ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳــﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣــﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻥﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺳــﯿﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻝ ﺭﺩﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬

‫ﺑﯿــﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﯾــﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻗﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑــﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺑــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮑــﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﯼ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺸــﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﮔﻮﺷــﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬

‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮐــﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻓــﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫ﭘﯿﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧــﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﯾﮑﯽ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﻨﺤﻨــﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﯾﺪﻩ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﭼــﭗ ﻣﺤــﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐــﺮﺩ ﻣﺘــﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪10%‬‬

‫ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﺑــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾــﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﯾﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺴــﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﯿﺠــﻪ ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻧــﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻋــﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻧــﺲ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻋﻠــﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺪﺕ‬

‫ﺣﺮﯾﻖ‪ ،‬ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺴــﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺴــﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑــﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﯾــﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 34‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ﻭﺭﻗﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﻤﯽ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺩﻫﺎﻧــﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺷــﺎﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈــﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﻓــﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨــﻮﻡ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑــﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻭ ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫــﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﯿــﺖ ﻣﺬﮐــﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ ﺍﻭﻗــﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺘﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓــﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﻪﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿــﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻞ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻮﺭﺍﻥﺳــﻨﺞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺩﻗﯿــﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﯾــﻦ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧــﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿــﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘــﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧــﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣــﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﯿﺘﻮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻋﯿﺐﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻠﻨﻮﻡ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫــﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 35‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻓﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻖ ﻣﯽﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻓﻦ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﭘﻮﻟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺷﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺸﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ‪ 48‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺩﯾﻒ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﻮﻟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﯾﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ‬

‫● ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫● ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﯿﻮﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻟﻘﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﺎﺳﻪﻧﻤﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺷﯿﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﮔﻮﺷﺨﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺳﻪﻧﻤﺪ‬

‫● ﮐﺎﺳﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﺎﺳﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .6‬ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﻮﺏ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺭﻭﮐﺶ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﯾﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 36‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .7‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﯾﮏ ﺷﯽﺀ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻖ ﺗﻠﻖ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .8‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫● ﮐﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﻭﺯ ﻭﺯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺭﻟﻪ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺗﻠﻖ ﺗﻠﻖ ﺭﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﮏ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .9‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫● ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻮﻟﯽﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .10‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫● ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﺯﻭﺯﻩ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .11‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺯﻭﺯﻩ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺕ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫● ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .12‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬

‫● ﻣﺴــﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺸــﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .13‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﺎﻑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫● ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳــﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫● ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .14‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺗﻠﻖ ﺗﻠﻖ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ● .‬ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺟﺰﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 37‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻣﯽﭼﺮﺧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﻮﺷﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬

‫● ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻻﯾﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫● ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎ‬

‫● ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻦ ● ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻓﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ )ﺩﻫﺶ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓﻦ )ﻣﮑﺶ( ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .7‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .8‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ● ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫‪ .6‬ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟــﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴــﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﮑﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴــﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦ ﯾﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬

‫● ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ )ﻫﻮﺍ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ( ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺎ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻄﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫● ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴــﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫● ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﯾﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫● ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻄﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫● ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴــﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﻫﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 39‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﭘﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﯾﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫● ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻓﻦ‬

‫● ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﯾﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻻﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﻓﯿﻮﺯﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﻮﻟﯽﻫﺎ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺯﻭﺩﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻟﯽﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻩ ﻓﻦ ﻭ‪...‬‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺱ ‪ I‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺱ ‪ II‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ AMCA2408‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ‬

‫● ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫● ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻮﻟﯽﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ / 40‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪35‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ‬

‫»ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ« ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ‪ AMCA‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺍﯾﺮﻓﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓــﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬

‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﯾﻬﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ AMCA2406‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺟﺬﺑﻰ ﮔﺎﺯﺳﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﭘﺸــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤــﺮﮎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓــﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻓــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾــﺮ )‪ (2‬ﻭ )‪ (3‬ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿــﺢ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﯾــﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻦﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﺒﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

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