ملاحظات طراحی سیستم های انبساط مستقیم

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‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺭﺍﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﺪ‪،‬ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪Page 1 of 4‬‬


‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ )ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ (ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﺦ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

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‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻚ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ)ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ( ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻱ‪،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪Page 3 of 4‬‬


‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ )‪ 550FPM (2.8m/s‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻳﺰﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪-‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪21‬‬

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