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Jonathan Friedan, P.E. :
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. )( HVAC . .
. . . . ) ( . . )710kW( 2500 lb/h . ( . ) )( . . ) /( . . .
2001 . . . Glassboro Rowan Henry M. Rowan . ) ( ( . ) . . . HVAC . ) ( . ) ( . HVAC .) ( ) ( : HVAC / . ) ( )( /
.) ) oC( oF . . VFD . . . . HVAC . . . . . . . . . HVAC HVAC . . . . . . .
HVAC . [690 kPa]( )9.6 lb/ton.hr( )100psig / . / . )VFD( DX . (
)( .
)( .
. . ( . . ) . . . . ) ( .)( ) ( ( DDC .) . Rowan . / . Steve Chin . : / . . HVAC . HVAC . 1 Direct Drive
:
Marko Hyttinen :
: srrhvac@yahoo.co.uk
VOC . Tenax . . VOC . . . VOC ( . )C10H16
) (
)( F8 F5
. ) ( VOC ( . ) . . . . .
. . . . / / . )ppb( . HVAC pre filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) VOC( VOC .
. EC . OC EC OC . . :
. Kuopio Helsinki .) ( F8 F5 )F5( / . )F8( )F7( )F6( EUROVENT + 4C . 30 x 30
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. . .) ( ( . ) / . / / . Alnor GCA26 . . . 25.5 ± 1.4 C 41.2 ± 21% 21.3 ± 0.8 C 9.5 ± 4.2% . )MGC 101 S.A. Environment( . Series 1008 RS( . )( )Dasibi . / . . VOC . . : . HVAC Kuopio )( HVAC . . . )F7( ) ( UV . / . 17 ± 1 C )( HVAC . 58 ± 2% Helsinki .)F8 F7 G3 ( ) ( ) (
. 25 ± 1 C / . 28 ± 6% . / ( / . VOC . ) . : . Tenax GR . )Perkin Elmer ATD 400( )HP 5980( 1701,30m.ID . . 0.25 m HP 0.25mm oC ) oC( . Pak( DNPH . ) Waters Sep . . . DNPH )HP 1050( HPLC 360 nm . UV . 100 x 4 Hypersil BDS C18 3 m : ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ) . ( ) . ) ( ) / .
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)( . oC / . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 first order kinetics 2 Thermoanemometer 3 Thermal desorption coldtrap injector
:
. VOC VOC . . HVAC .) ( . . UV .
Donald W. Fugler, P.E. :
:
peyman_jafarian@engineer.com
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Addison .
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Industries
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Lew Harriman :
:
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. . . . . . David Dybdahl . . Dybdhal . . . . : . . .
. . . ) ( . . Maine . . . . : . . . ) ( Joseph Lstiburek . . : .
) ( . .
)( .
. . . . . . .
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. : 0.1 in.wg . 500 cfm . . . . . . . :( oF .) . . . . . 20 cfm 15
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Scholler . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. HVAC . . . . .
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John R. Puskar, P.E. :
:
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Abdel Kader Darwiche :
:
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. . . . . . . ) h( . . .
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: = hexhaustin )L/s cfm( = EAF = Hambient .)kJ/kg Btu/lb( .)kJ/kg Btu/lb( )( :
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. . Tucson . Portland Chicago Jacksonville . / . Portland
Air Heating Coils ) ( :
8. This type of single-feed circuit is used on booster coils having low water flows. 10. The face velocity from which coil ratings are based. 13. Tubing made of this material or various forms of copper alloys is used in applications where corrosive forces might attack the coils from either inside or outside. 15. This must be eliminated as much as possible from the water for proper performance of the water coil. 16. The organization that publishes Standard 410: Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils.
Answer
ACROSS 5. A type of electric coil that is a resistance wire encased by an electrically insulating layer such as magnesium oxide, which is encased in a finned steel tube. 7. The general orientation of the tubes in water heating coils to avoid air and water pockets. 9. A coil design feature in which the water is supplied to the coil so that it flows upward, forcing air out the return connection. 11. Along with copper, this is the other most commonly used material in the fabrication of extended surface coils. 12. The selection of heating coils is based on this heat capacity. 14. This type of coil is commonly found in variable air volume systems and is also referred to as a booster coil. 15. The organization that publishes Standard 33: Method of Testing Forced Circulation Air Cooling and Heating Coils.
17. These coils are categorized as basic, distributing, or face and bypass types. 18. These thin metal plates or spiral ribbons are the secondary heat transfer surfaces of extendedsurface coils. 19. The selection of heating coils is based on this air temperature. DOWN 1. The preferred flow arrangement of a coil to obtain the highest possible mean temperature difference. 2. When freezing is a concern, this is the desirable steam valve full position when the system is shut down. 3. A material that can be used for steam coil tubes when the steam pressure is above 200 psig. 4. During this condition, air is bypassed around a steam coil when full steam flow is used in the coil. 6. Air-heating coils are used to heat air under this form of forced-heat transfer.
: janzadeh@yahoo.Com
. . . :
)fall load( . . . ) ( . Btu/hr . 2 240 Btu/hr ft . Btu/hr “Boiler horsepower“ . 33475 Btu/hr Bhp “Btu/hr“ Lb/hr .) ( )Wet return( . 970 Btu/Lb Btu/hr “Vacuum pump Return“ “ Vented receiver “ 1050 )Btu/Lb( )Btu/Lb( . )Lb/hr( . . ± 1 )Lb( Pressure reducing Valve 14Psig oC
: . . ... . . )( . / )TwoPipe Cooling/Heating System( )( . oF . ( )resettype( .) . oF Steam Machines )( :
( 1 psi ) . )coilfired( ) coalfired(
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. )14psig + 1psig for control( 15psig 20psig . 20psig . “deadend“ “pilot“ )( . 100psig ( 20ft )100psig . . . . ) ( . 12psig 150psig ) (
)(
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= / Lb/hr 6000 fpm ft3/Lb 14psig . 14.3 3 A )ft /hr( Q A=Q/V V )Sqin( ft/hr
. )shutoff( . . )( .
. )dripper / . . 6000 fpm ) ( . carryover . ... . . / . 10 ft . . . )0-20 psig( . )( 6000 4000 8000 6000 ) ( )fpm( . . )Lb/hr( . ) ( : = / Lb/hr = / Lb/hr .....................................................................
)(
. .
. . . )(
. . ASHRAE : SYSTEM( )ATMOSPHERIG CONDENSATE RETUTN )condensate cooler( vented receiver ) ( . . . . . . . . . )Air packets( . . . )(
. . 3ft . . . . )( . .
. . . . )( . = Lb/hr = Fpm = Lb/ft3 A=Q/V A = )in2(
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. / . .
/ . . . . . )( Lb/hr . . . . . ( . ) Psi ( : ) NEP =)GSIP( )a+b+c+d( GSIP = )psig( a = )psig(
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b = Condensate Main )psig( c = )psig( . + +
= Hydrostatic Lift . )ft( :)psig( = :
( ) ( 0 psig +) :
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)(
oC ) ( . 21650 lb/hr 20psig 1psi )1.7psig( 1psi 0Psig 4 ftH2O . = 0+1.71 = 0.7psig = 21650 lb/hr NEP= 0.7psig
12psig . . oF . . oF oF . .
. . ) . 3ft 1psig )18in( . ) ( . . )( . . )opisg( . )( . . . )( . . . . . . . . :
. . . . . 12psig oF . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . oF . . . . . . . . . . connected( . )close .
. . . . oF
)HTHW( )( HTHW CVI . oF . oF . )CV3+CV2( )CV2( . gpm CV1 . . o F . CV2 )(
)flashcooled( . )Vacuum return( . . ) ( . . ASEM : . . . . . . . . . ) ( . . . oF
. oF )(
. 5psi . . )HTHW( . : = 400F = 243 gpm = 300F = 229F ) T1(
T1= 300F - 229F = 71F
oF : T2= 300F - 229F = 71F
. oF
. oF :
. oF .
. . oF .
. . . . . . 10psi .
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. oF . . : )( )( .
Leelananda Rajapaksha :
:
) (
. . void fraction . . . . )Vr(
)RHP( . . RHP . R407C COP . . . . . . )kg ( )(
.)( R407C . 7.5 kW ) 23/25/52 R32/R125/R134a( . . . ( ) . . oC . . . oC . . )R134a( . )R407C( )HTF( .
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:
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( . ) . Moil= 0
. ) ( .
)( Vr=1 . 7.5 kW / R407C COP .
Vr . . NTU . . Friedel . . . )( NIST 23 . REFPROP . )( . .
. R407C )(
. )a( )b( Vr . Vr . )7.5 kW(
Vr . . COP )( . Vr ) Vr=0.7, 1.0, 2.1( R407C . Vr = 0.7 . Vr = 2.1 . Vr =1 . . Vr R134a Vr . ) ( Vr .
)( )( R407C ) ( )1.08 kg( Vr = 0.7 . . Vr ( Vr . ) )/ /( Vr . R407C )( .
.) / ( . . / . )R125 R32( ) R134a( . . ( ( Mliq(LR) ) 0.43 kg .) . ( Mvap(LR) ) 0.1 kg . 0.6 kg R134a R32+R125 . . R134a ( .) / / . R134a R407oC . . COP ) ( Vr ) (
R407C COP )( .
)m ( :A ) ( :C :COP ) ( : dT ) ( : dTsc )W/m2 K( : HTC :HTF :L )kg/s( :m )kg( :M :N :NRV )MPa( :P )kW( :Q : RHP :RV :TEV ) / ( : Vr :X :Y : )kg/m3( : : M )m3( : V 2
COP COP . ( 1 0.7 Vr )Vr=2.1 Vr=0.7 ( Vr )2.1 . . R125 R32 . COP . HTF HTF . Vr . . . Vr . . Payne )( . Kruse Chen . . . Vr . COP ( .) .
William D. Gerstler, Ph.D. :
:
. . . . . . . )( . . . . / . / m / m . )/ oC /( oF . . ( ) ( . ) .
1500 fpm )7.62 m/s( )NFPA 96( 5.10 . )ASHRAE( . RP1033 . NFPA 96 . 500 fpm )2.54 m/s( NFPA 96 . . . . . . . . . )( . Vdep = N / C
)(
N Vdep . C )( . . N = m / At
)(
m . t A .
) ( .) ( / m )5.08 m/s( / m / 1000 fpm . / m 500 fpm )2.54 m/s( . . . ) (
. . . . . / . / m . .
. )( / m = MMAD )B .)/ oC ( oF = / m = MMAD )D
/ m = MMAD )A )/ oC ( oF = / m = MMAD )C
: )B . . . . ) 1500 fpm )7.6 m/s( . . . . . . . ) . : (
. . . )D C( . . . . . . )/ oC ( / oF . . . . . . . . . : : )( . )A : )( : R-10 h ft2 oF/Btu (1.8 m2oC/w) .
)(
: R-10 h ft2 oF/Btu (1.8 m2oC/W) . : )b . . . 500 fpm )2.5 m/s( 1000 fpm . )( . Mineapolis . 1500 fpm . . . 750 fpm . . .
.) . 1500 fpm )7.6 m/s( )2.54 m/s( 500 fpm )2.5 m/s( 1000 fpm . . . . . ) . 1500 fpm )7.6 m/s( 1000 fpm )5.1 m/s( . . . . : )a
. . 10 x 10 . . 2000 fpm 1500 1000 500 oF )/ oC( . oF )/ oC( )( . .
1500 fpm . . . . ( .) . . . . . . . . . . NFPA 96 )2.5 m/s( 1500 fpm )7.6 m/s( . . 500 fpm . .
. . . . . . . . . . ASTM F 169516 . .
. )MMAD( / m / / / . . . . MMAD . g . ) g( / / . / ) /( . . NaOH / . .
Vakiloroaya@engineer.com
)( . ) ( . . ) GWP( )( )CO2( . OON . . )IPCC( + ( oC ). +oC )( . ( ) /( ) /( HFC ) CO2 ) ( CO2 .) ( HCFC CFC )TEW 1( : . TEW1 =GWP.M +aB
)GWP( M )B( . a CO2 . a = 0 CO2 ( / . CO2 / )
)HCFC( . . )R12( . . R134 . . R502 R12 . R22 R22 . HCFC . R141b R142b R124b R22 R11 )ODP( . / R141b / R123 R124 R22 )( HCFC HCFC R22 HCFC . . R123 R22 R141b . . R502 R22 )( . R143a . R502 R22 : R124a R32 R23R134a R143a R32 . R502 R22 . R846 R116 R236 R227 R152a R218
R22 . R502 R22 R402 . . . . )(
. . . . )( R502 R22
)( .)TEW1 ( HFC . CFC . . . . CO2 / ( ) CO2 . . . CO2 IPCC . CO2 )R717( )R758( )R759( )R718( . ) R744( . )( . )( . . . ) +( R12 . .
. . . . . . . )oC( ( )oC( .) . . )( . R12 R134 . )R134a( . . . R12 : )ODP( R12 R12 . CM1 R600 R218 8134
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Facility Maintainer TM : . ( .) . . . . . ( .) XML ACCESS 2003WORD 2003 . EXCEL 2003 WORD . . . . .
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. HVAC HVAC HVAC . . encapsulation .
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. . HVAC . . . . NADCA Standard 1992 01 . . . . HVAC . NADCA . . HVAC
.
SABCOOL
. HITECH Louver Inner groove . Compact Sabcool . Monoblock Sabdoor .
. Sabcool .
Monoblock . Uniterm Sabcool . :Sabcool . .
Sabcool PLC . . . Sabcool . . I.k.k 2005 . . Sabcool . DWM Copeland .
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