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Ross Mackay :
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Arthur Hallstrom, Hallstrom, P. P. E. E. : : Arthur
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Jerry Barry :
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John Siegenthaler, P. E. :
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: Career education :
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Phillips- Alonge, K. O ; Sanchez, G ; Chu, S. Y ; Chan, W. S ; Tunggalmuljo, N. :
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1- reductive 2- synthetic 3- Procedures 4- Environment 5- interface 6- swing 7- triggering References
Risk to Insured Properties in Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco. An AllIndustry Research Advisory Council Report. 10p, 11p, 15p Tao, W. K. Y., Janis, R. R., (2001) Mechanical and Electrical Systems in Buildings. Upper Saddle River, NJ. 29p United States Geological Information (USGS) (2000) www. usgs. gov. Accessed on February 18, 2004 Universal Piping Code (UPC) (1999) Gas pressure regulators piping sizing. Table 12- 3 (Section1217. 1) Williamson, B. R., (2000) Improving Natural Gas Safety in Earthquakes. Berkeley, CA. 15- 28p Williamson, B. R., Groner, N. (2001) Ignition of Fires Following Earthquakes Associated with Natural Gas and Electric Distribution Systems. Berkeley, CA. 35- 45p
American Society of Petroleum Engineers (ASPE) Data Book (1999) Spitzglass Formula – Equation 1- 24. 8P Ayres, J. M., (2002) Low Pressure Excess Flow Natural Gas Valves. Uniform Plumbing Code Application Requirements. Los Angeles, CA. 2- 1p 22p. Bea, R. G. (2004) Engineering Systems. CE /0E 180 Course Materials and Reader. California Mechanical Code (1998), Section 1312. 13 As amended by the Board of Supervisor of the County of Alameda in SECTIONS 15. 20. O8O TO Article II OF CHAPTER15. 20 OF TITLE 15 OF THE ALAMEDA COUNTY GENERAL ORDINANCECODE REGULATING NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THEUNINCORPORATED AREA OF THE COUNTY FOR the PURPOSE OFINSTALLING EXCESS FLOW GAS SHUT- OFF DEVICES. FEMA (1997) Acquisition/ Relocation from Multiple Hazards: The Castaic School District in California http:// www. fema. gov/ fima/ cb_ aqmul. shtm assessed on 04/ 30/ 2004 Honegger, D. G (1995) Automatic Gas Shutoff Device Actuation Requirements Based On Northridge Earthquake American Society of Civil Engineers Report ASCE X- 96. 6-11p McAllister E. W. (1978) Pipe Line Rules of Thumb Handbook Houston, TX. 187 – 198p. Saaty, T. L., (1980) The Analytical Hierarchy Process. New York. 15p Scawthorn, C. (1987) Fire Following Earthquake. Estimates of conflagration
Patrick L.Whitworth, CPD, and Anthony W. Stutes, PE, CPS : Plumbing Systems & Design :
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10. The maximum amount of this efficiency of a body is 20% to 24% and it is commonly assumed to be zero to give a more conservative estimate when designing airconditioning equipment for upper comfort and health limits. 13. This mean temperature is a key variable in making thermal calculations for the human body. 15. This index predicts the mean response of a large group of people according to the ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. 16. This form of heat must pass from the skin surface and through clothing to the surrounding environment. 17. The temperature at this plane of the room has a significant influence on the mean radiant temperature in a room. 20. Clothing insulation value may be expressed in these units. One of these units is equivalent to 0.88 sf/hr-A?/Btu
Answer
ACROSS 2. This decreases slightly with age; therefore, comfort conditions based on experiments with young and healthy subjects cannot be used for other age groups. 5. This organization publishes Standard 7730: Moderate Thermal Environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort. 7. Along with the predicted mean vote, this factor is used in a model and accepted for design and field assessment of comfort conditions. 8. This organization publishes Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. 9. This temperature index is probably the most common environmental index and has the widest range of application. 11. ASHRAE has developed a graph showing these winter and summer comfort _ _ _ _ _ which are considered acceptable ranges of operative temperature and humidity for people in typical clothing during sedentary activity. 12. This is an environmental heat stress index that combines drybulb temperature, a naturally ventilated wetbulb temperature, and black globe temperature. 14. This section of the brain has hot and cold temperature
sensors that are bathed by arterial blood and is the central control of body temperature. 18. The ASHRAE scale ranges from “+3 Hot” to “–3 Cold” and in general it takes about a 5.4A? change in temperature or a 0.44 psi change in water vapor pressure to change a thermal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ vote by one unit. 19. In most spaces in a building, the air temperature normally increases in this direction and can cause discomfort if the gradient is too large. DOWN 1. This is an undesired local cooling of the human body caused by air movement. 3. This form of heat loss from the skin depends on the difference between the water vapor pressure at the skin and in the ambient environment and on the amount of moisture on the skin. 4. The energy balance point which, at a given level of metabolic activity and when the body is not far from thermal neutrality, the mean skin temperature and sweat rate are the only physiological parameters influencing the heat balance. 6. This is the humid temperature of a uniform environment at 100% rh in which a person loses the same total amount of heat from the skin as in the actual environment.
Carl C. Schultz, P. E. :
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. . )( . Pressurization Units( )GasFired ) oF ( . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . and Equipment 2000 ASHRAE Systems : . . . .
. . . : / . . . . . . Air Rotation . . ) ( VAV / . . . . ) ppm ( . ) ( . ) ppm ( . . .
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: 2000 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . : )( . . 1- Pressurization FiredDirect REFERENCES: 1) Boyd 1960.
. ASHRAE . . . .
. CHVAC Zone ) ( cfm . ASHRAE : standard
Elite Software CHVAC . )Zone( CHVAC . CHVAC . .
. : . : . ( : ) . : . . : . : .
. CHVAC . Elite Software EZDOE CHVAC : . . CHVAC help .
By Steven C. Severini, P. E., Member ASHRAE :
: ASHRAE Journal :
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. . . . . . References 1. Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission. 2002. “Building commissioning interim recommended guidelines.” Final draft July. 2. Kirsner, W. 1995. “Troubleshooting chilled water distribution problems at the NASA Johnson Space Center.” Heating/ Piping/ Air Conditioning (2). 3. Taylor, S. 2003. “Primary- only vs. primary- secondary variable flow systems.” ASHRAE Journal 44( 2): 25– 29. 4. Taylor, S. 2003. “Understanding expansion tanks.” ASHRAE Journal 45( 3): 24– 31.
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John Siegenthaler, P. E. :
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1- Bridge Crossover
Lev Nelik, Ph. D., P. E. :
: PUMPS & SYSTEMS :
)BEP( . . BEP . . ANSI . )( ( . .) . . ( )( . ) )( . . )( GPM
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ALP :
=0.033 W/mc =0.033 W/mc mm mm ALP =0.021 W/mc ( ) S U . t2t1 Q= US)t1t2( U ) ( ) ( . oC
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Corey Simon Simon : Corey
: :
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