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Brian Brian Wiseman, Wiseman, P.E. P.E. : : : : ASHRAE ASHRAE Journal Journal : :
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ASHRAE Transactions 99(2):223–229. 2. Burns, J.T. and W.F. Milburn. 1999. “Specification and performance of testing and balancing in biologics facilities.” ASHRAE Transactions. 3. Coogan, J.J. 1996. “Effects of surrounding spaces on rooms pressurized by differential flow control.” ASHRAE Transactions 102(1):18–25. 4. Hitchings, D.T. 1994. “Laboratory space pressurization control systems.” ASHRAE Journal. 36(2):36–40. 5. Gill, K.E. 1994. “HVAC design for isolation rooms.” Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning. February, pg. 45. 6. Gill, K.E. 1997. “Tuberculosis isolation room design using CDC guidelines.” Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning. September, pg. 69. 7. Galson, E.L. and J. Guisbond. 1995. “Hospital sepsis control and TB transmission.” ASHRAE Journal, 37(5):48–52. 8. Streifel A J. 2000. “Health-care IAQ: guidance for infection control.” Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning. October, pg. 28. 9. Sansone E.B. and S.D. Keimig. 1987. “The influence of door swing and door velocity on the effectiveness of directional airflow.” ASHRAE IAQ ’87. May, pg. 372–381. 10. Airflow Direction Inc. ADI Indicator is protected under one or more U.S. Patents U.S. [5,291,182], [5,410,298], [5,798,697] [5,661,461] and Canada Patent [2,107,396].
) ( ( ACH ) . . 1- diffenential pressure 2- diffenential air flow 3- Guidelines for the design and construction of hospital and health care facilities 4- Health care facilities 5- Prudent practices in laboratory 6- air lock 7- anteroom
References
1. Ahmed, O., et al. 1993. “Dynamics of laboratory pressurization.”
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PAUL PAUL T. T. ANASTAS ANASTAS & & JULIE JULIE B. B. ZIMMERMAN ZIMMERMAN : :
: : ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SCIENCE & & TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY : :
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(4) Allen, D. T.; Shonnard, D. R. Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes; Prentice Hall: New York, 2001. (5) Keoleian, G. A.; Menerey, D. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 1994, 44, 645–668. (6) Kates, W. K.; et al. Science 2001, 292, 641–642. (7) Hawken, P.; Lovins, A.; Lovins, L. H. Natural Capitalism: The Next Industrial Revolution; Earthscan: London, 1999. (8) Anderson, R. Mid-Course Correction: Toward a Sustainable Enterprise: The Interface Mode; Chelsea Green: White River Junction, VT, 1999. (9) McDonough, W.; Braungart, M. The Next Industrial Revolution; Greenleaf Publishing: Sheffield, U.K., 1999. (10) McDonough, W.; Braungart, M. Cradle to Cradle:Remaking the Way We Make Things; North Point Press: New York, 2002. (11) Green Engineering; Anastas, P. T., Heine, L., Williamson, T. C., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2000. (12) Ehrenfeld, J. J. Cleaner Prod. 1997, 5, 87–95. (13) Fiksel, J. Design for Environment: Creating Eco-Efficient Products and Processes; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1998. (14) Skerlos, S. J.; et al. Challenges to Achieving Sustainable Aqueous Systems: A Case Study in Metalworking Fluids. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Inverse Manufacturing, Tokyo, Japan, December 13–16, 2001; pp 146–153. (15) Green Chemistry: Designing Chemistry for the Environment. Anastas, P. T., Williamson, T. C., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. (16) Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice; Oxford University Press: London, 1998. (17) Devito, S. C.; Garrett, R. L. Designing Safer Chemicals: Green Chemistry for Pollution Prevention; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996. (18) Trost, B. Science 1991, 254, 1471–1477. (19) Watson, R. T. Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Cambridge, U.K., 2001. (20) Bromberg, J. L. Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source; MIT Press: Boston, 1982. (21) Knight, W.; Curtis, M. Manufact. Eng. 2002, 81, 64–69. (22) Lesney, M. Today’s Chemist at Work 2001, 10, 25–28. (23) Bergbreiter, D. E. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 2001, 39, 2352. (24) Hendershot, D. Chem. Eng. Prog. 2000, 96, 35–40. (25) Cheng, T. C.; Podolsky, S. Just-in-Time Manufacturing— An Introduction; Chapman and Hall: London, 1993. (26) Mazumder, J.; Schifferer, A.; Choi, J. Mater. Res. Innov. 1999, 3, 118–131. (27) Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response; Municipal Solid Waste in The United States: 2000 Facts and Figures; EPA: Washington, DC, 2002; www.epa.gov/garbage/ report-00/report-00.pdf. (28) Green, C. AURI Agric. Innov. News 1999, 8, 4. (29) Drumright, R. E.; Gruber, P. R.; Henton, D. E. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 1841–1846. (30) Illman, D. L.; Callis, J. B.; Kowalski, B. R. Am. Lab. 1986, 12, 8–10. (31) Tibbetts, J. Environ. Health Perspect. 1995, 103, 30–35. (32) Matyjaszewski, K. Macromol. Symp. 2000, 152, 29–42. (33) McAuley, J. Environmental Issues Impacting Future Growth and Recovery of Polypropylene in Automotive Design. In Proceedings from Society of Plastics Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1999, www.plasticsresource.com/ recycling/ARC99/Mcauley.htm. (34) Lovins, A. Hypercars: The Next Industrial Revolution. In Proceedings from IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference, Snowmass, CO, 1996. (35) Low, M. K.; Williams, D. J.; Dixon, C. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Part C: Manufacturing, 21, 4–10. (36) Smith, H. Ind. Environ. 1997, 20, 54–56. (37) Riggle, D; Gray, K. BioCycle 1999, 40, 40–41.
References (1) The World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future; Oxford University Press: New York, 1987. (2) NRC Board on Sustainable Development Our Common Journey: A Transition Toward Sustainability; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2000. (3) Graedel, T. E.; Allenby, B. R. Design for Environment; Prentice Hall: New York, 1997.
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14. This category of indoor contaminants includes both true gases and vapors of liquids with boiling points above normal indoor temperatures. 15. This is a branch of science that examines heredity and variation among organisms at population, individual, and chromosomal levels. 18. Nonbiological particles, bioaerosols, gases, and vapors are all forms of this type of contaminant, which can cause problems in both industrial and nonindustrial indoor environments. 21. This field of study is distinct from that of occupational health in several ways such as location of concern, existence of both comfort and health issues, and impacts of noncontaminant-related issues such as thermal comfort
Answer
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illumination, temperature, and force.
2. This form of contaminant includes airborne solid or liquid particles. 9. This form of hygiene science is the science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace conditions that may cause worker illness or injury. 11. This is the study of the influence of poisons on health. 12. This is the study of distributions and determinants of disease. 16. This can be defined as a slender, elongated structure with substantially parallel sides. 17. This energy is emitted, transmitted, or absorbed in wave or particulate form. 19. These are coarse, solid particles generated by handling, crushing, or grinding. 20. In a building, this originates from both outside and inside sources such as blasting operations, traffic, doors closing, or moving machinery. 22. These chemical hazards exist as concentrations of mists, vapors, gases, fumes, or solids. 23. These hazards include excessive levels of ionizing and nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, noise, vibration,
DOWN 1. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example of this. 3. This is the study of airborne microorganisms or other biologically produced particles and the effects of these aerosols on other living organisms. 4. Time-weighted average. 5. This organization publishes the "Guidelines for the assessment of bioaerosols in the indoor environment." 6. This type of hazard can cause burns, neural disturbances, and cardiac fibrillation. 7. ASHRAE Standard 34 assigns these one of two toxicity classes (A or B) based on allowable exposure. 8. These hazards include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living or nonliving organisms that can cause acute and chronic infections. 10. These hazards include tasks that involve repetitive motions, require excessive force, or must be carried out in awkward positions. 13. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone are examples of these types of gases.
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Thomas H. Durkin, P.E. :
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