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. NC . References 1. ANSI. 2002. ANSI S12.60- 2002, Performance Criteria, Design Acoustical and Guidelines for Schools, American Require-ments, National Standards Institute. N. Y.: Acoustical Society of America. 2. 2003 ASHRAE Handbook— HVAC Chapter 47. Appli-cations. 3. Schaffer, M. E. 1991. A Practical Guide to Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC Atlanta: ASHRAE. Sys-tems. 4. Hoover, R. M. and W. E. Blazier Jr. 1999. Handbook of Acoustical Measurements and Noise Control, Third Edition, edited by Cyril M. Harris. Chapter 42, Noise Control in Heating, Ventilating, and Air- Conditioning Systems. N. Y.: McGraw- Hill. 5. SMACNA. 1990. HVAC Systems Duct Design, Third Edition. Chantilly, Va.: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Association. Na-tional 6. Schaffer, M. E. 2003. “ANSI Standard: Complying with background noise limits.” ASHRAE Journal 45( 2): 26– 27. 7. Siebein, G. W., et al. 2000. “Ten ways to provide high quality acoustical environments in schools.” Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools Journal. 31( 10): 376– 384. 8. Tocci, G. 1999. “Building noise control applications” edited by William J. Cavanaugh and Joseph A. Wilkes. Architectural Principles and Practice. N. Y.: John Acous-tics: Wiley and Sons.
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: = + + + + = Whr ) ( .) ( . . . . . . References J. P. Holman, Heat Transfer, 6th Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1986. MauriceOrfeuil, Electric Process Heating, Battelle Press, 1987. Gieck, Kurt and Reiner, Engineering Formulas, 7th Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1997. Eugene A. Avallone and Theodore Baumeister III, Mark’s Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 10th Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1996.
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. References . 1. Woods, J. E. , et al. 1986. “Ventilation requirements in hospital operating rooms – Part I: : control of airborne particles. ”ASHRAETrans- actions 92 ( 2). 2. DIN 1946/ 4. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning: HVAC Systems in Hospitals . ( Latest revision, 1999. ) 3. 1999ASHRAE Handbook —Applications. . 4. Lidwell, O. M. 1988. “Air, antibiotics and sepsis in replacement joints. ”Journal of Hospital Infection 11 ( Supplement C) : 18 –40. 5. Schmidt, P. 1987. “Air control in operating theatres. ”Heizung Luftung Haus Technik 38( 3) : 145 –153. . 6. Salvati, E. A. , et al. 1982. “Infection rates after 3,175 total hip and total knee replacements performed with and without a horizontal uni - directional . filtered airflow system . ”Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 64A( 4) 525 –535. 7. Lewis, J. R. 1993. “Operating room air distribution effectiveness. ” ) m/s ( fpm ASHRAETransactions . . 8. Jiang, Z. , Q. Chen, F. Haghighat. 1995. “Airflow and air quality in large enclosures. ”ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 117: 114 – 122. 9. Haghighat, F. , Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang. 1994. “Impact of ventilation rate and . partition layout onVOC emission rate: time- dependent contaminant removal. ”International Journal of Indoor Air Quality and Climate , 4: 276 –283. 10. Lo, L- M. 1997. “Numerical studies of airflow movement and\ contaminant )( transport in hospital operating rooms. ” University of Min nesota, M. Sc Thesis. 11. Crowe, C. , M. Sommerfield, Y. Tsuji. 1998. Multiphase Flows with Droplets . and Particles. CRC Press. 12. Memarzadeh, F. 1998. Ventilation Design Handbook on Animal Research Facilities Using Static Microisolators . Bethesda, . Md. : Na - tional Institutes of Health, Office of the Director. 13. Snyder, W. H. and J. L. Lumley. 1971. “Some measurement of particle velocity . autocorrelation functions in turbulent flow. ”J. Fluid Mechanics 48: 41 –7. 14. Alani A. , D. DixonHardy, M. Seymour. 1998. . “Contaminants\ transport modeling. ”EngD in )( E n v i r o n m e n t a l Te c h n o l o g y Conference . 15. Memarzadeh, F. , A. Manning. 2002. “Comparison of operating room ventilation . systems in the protection of the surgical site. ”ASHRAE Transactions 108( 2) . ) m/s ( fpm 16. Snyder, O. P. 1996. A ‘Safe Hands ’ Wash Program for Retail Food Operations . St. Paul, Minn. : Hospitality Institute of ( Technology and Management. ) Lewis 17. Goldman, M. 2000. “Operating room airflow and distribution. ” ASHRAE 2000 Winter Meeting, Dallas. . 1- Unidirectional 2- Lagrangian particletracking algorithm
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improves the performance of all controls and is particularly important for digital controls. 12. This is the amount the output of the component changes for a given change of input under steady-state conditions in a transfer function. 13. This is the desired value of the controlled variable. 15. Devices that regulate the flow of air. 16. This component in a control system measures the controlled variable and transmits values to the controller. 19. This type of control loop is also called “feedback control” and measures actual changes in the controlled variable and actuates the control device to bring about a change.
Answer
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ACROSS 1. Another term for humidity sensors which are used to measure relative humidity or dewpoint of ambient or moving air. 7. This component in a control system compares the value of the controlled variable with the setpoint and generates a signal to the controlled device for corrective action. 8. This type of control loop does not have a direct link between the value of the controlled variable and the controller. 9. These types of control components use compressed air as an energy source. 10. This type of curve shows the relationship of the percent stroke to the percent flow of a damper. 11. This range is the amount of change in the controlled variable required to cause the controller to move the controlled device from one extreme to the other. 14. This type of positioner provides up to full main control air pressure to the actuator for any change in position required by the controller. 17. This type of control adds a derivative term to the proportional and integral terms in the control equation.
18. Devices that regulate the flow of water or steam. 20. This “error” signal is fed into the controller, which sends a control signal to the controlled device. 21. Opening and flow are related in direct proportion with this type of control valve characteristic. DOWN 2. This term is used for a control device that can only be positioned in a maximum or minimum state or on or off. 3. This is the time between a change in the process input and when the change affects the output of the process. 4. This type of controller is used to operate several switches in sequence by means of a proportional electric or pneumatic operator. 5. These types of control components use electrical energy as the energy source. 6. The device reacts to signals received from the controller to vary the flow of the control agent. 8. This type of sensor automatically adjusts controlled variables (e.g., lighting, ventilation rate, temperature) based on whether there is someone in the space. 11. When this is done systematically to a controller, it
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HVAC CASE STUDIES
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