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GOOD HEARTS
START YOUNG Boosting Kids’ Cardiovascular Health
Wedon’toftenthinkofchildren ashavingcardiovascularproblems,butevidenceismountingthatmanyyoungsterstoday—because ofscantexercise,pooreatinghabitsand excessivescreentime—areontrackto experiencingseriousheartandcirculatory problemslaterinlife. by Ronica A. O’Hara “Insteadoftakingawait-and-see approachbytreatingdiseaselaterinadulthood,weshouldhelpchildrenmaintain thestandardsofidealcardiovascular healththatmostchildrenarebornwith,” reportsJuliaSteinberger,M.D.,director ofpediatriccardiologyattheUniversity ofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,inMinne
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apolis,andleadauthorofa2016scientific statementonchildren’scardiovascular healthfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation(AHA). InaMarch2019update,theAHA notedthatfewerthan1 percentofchildrenmeetallsevencriteria,ormetrics, foridealcardiovascularhealth;halfofall childrenmeetmerelyhalfthemeasures, whichincludephysicalactivity,healthy eating,notsmoking,attainingideal bodymassindex(BMI),totalcholesterol, bloodpressureandglucosereadings. Poormetricsinachildarelinkedtosuch adverseoutcomesasheartattacks,heart failureandstrokeinadulthood,advises ElaineUrbina,M.D.,directorofpreventivecardiologyatCincinnatiChildren’s HospitalMedicalCenter,addingthat poormetricsinteensarelinkedtofatty build-upintheneckarteriesandarterial stiffnesslaterinlife. Butstartingin utero,crucialstrategies canpromotestrongcardiovascularsystems inkids.Childrenborntomotherswithlow vitaminDlevelshaveabouta60percent higherriskofelevatedsystolicblood pressurebetweenages6and18,reportsa BostonMedicalCenterstudyinthejournal Hypertension; vitaminDsupplementation duringpregnancymayheadthatoff.Other importantstrategiesinclude:
Get them moving.Childrenshould bephysicallyactiveatleast60minutesa day,theAHArecommends,butamong kids6to11,onlyhalfoftheboysanda thirdofthegirlsmeetthatguideline;by ages16to19,merelyonein10boysand onein20girlsdo.Areviewof50fitness studiesin28countriesinvolving25millionchildrenconcludedthatAmerican kidstodayareaboutaminuteandahalf slowerrunningamilethantheirpeers30 yearsago. “Aerobicexerciseslikerunning, swimmingandcyclingusethebigmuscles ofthebodyandareexcellentwaysof stressingandstrengtheningtheheartand lungs,”saysstudyauthorGrantTomkinson,Ph.D.,professorofeducation,health andbehaviorstudiesattheUniversity ofNorthDakota.Evensimplywalking toschoolinthemorningfor10minutes
Feed them well. About91 percentof U.S.childrenhavewhatisclassifiedasa “poor”dietthat’sheavyinsimplecarbslike dessertsandsugarydrinks,theAHAreported.Itrecommendsfeedingkidsadiet heavyinfruits,vegetables,fishandwhole grainsandlowinsodiumandsugaryfoods anddrinks.A2016CentersforDisease ControlandPreventionstudyof2,142childrenfoundthatnineof10kidsexceeded recommendedsodiumlevels.ACleveland Clinicstudyfoundthatobesechildren eatingalow-fat,plant-basedvegandiet forfourweeksbeganloweringtheirriskof heartdiseasebyimprovingtheirweight, bloodpressure,BMI,cholesterollevelsand insulinsensitivity.
Don’t smoke or vape. Therisk ofachilddevelopingcarotidplaquein adulthoodwasfourtimeshigherifoneor bothparentssmokedwithouttakingcare tolimitthechild’sexposure;whenthey didtakecare,theriskwasstillalmosttwo timeshigher,accordingtoanAustralian studyinthejournalCirculation. Discouragingateenfromvapingisalsocritical tofuturehealth:Newresearchfromthe UniversityofKansasSchoolofMedicine showsthatadultsthatvapearesignificantlymorelikelytohaveaheartattack, coronaryarterydiseaseanddepression comparedwiththosethatdon’tvapeor useanytobaccoproducts.
Restrict screen time.Australian 6-year-oldsthatspentthemosttimein frontofTVs,computersandvideogames hadnarrowerarteriesinthebackoftheir eyes—amarkeroffuturecardiovascular risk—reportedastudyinArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular.Astudyfrom Canada’sMcMasterUniversityfoundthat kidswithvideogameaddictionssleep less,whichinturnelevatesbloodpressure,lowershelpfulHDLcholesteroland raisestriglycerides.