3. Background FGM in Somalia

3. BACKGROUND FGM IN SOMALIA

There are two circumcisions practiced in Somalia for males and females that vary more, mainly it is cut of the outer front male organ and the kilter of the female genital. Done by medicalized and non-medicalized practitioners. The medicalized is done by professionals in some health facilities service with legal aim of the male circumcision and non-medicalized is traditional practice done by non-professional craft persons, this kind is cultural.

Both of them practise legal and illegal circumcision against the Somalia children female girls. The legal circumcision is practising on male person’s organ. The illegal type is practicing against the female persons cut of part of genital part. Well kown in the country Faronic circumcision

FGM is one of them that is done only to the girls mostly under age from the baby a months old to the 15 years old in the teenager. With order and the pressure of the parent mostly from the mother who sensitise the girls in the family. This kind of female circumcision is done to the both disabled and non-disabled girls.

FC female circumcision against the girls with disability share more in the culture with their colleague non-disabled girls. The problem is they have type disability that makes them more vulnerable to the mutilation in their body, where they may have severe bleeding or damage to her life that may lead danger to death or illness.

Common legacy for the FGM to the disabled girls is trauma that they dare not disclosure their feeling and painful complication they suffer in their live. Where some of the deaf groups have difficult to talk the people with problems as well as the blind females who suffer in the early days the proper care they need for the wounds in her body

Psychosocial is the most common share legacy for the disability girls that they have no idea about why they are circumcised in their childhood. That there is no person telling them the advantage and disadvantage of the FC female circumcision. Other than something done to the fellow girls in the family and relative.A girl with disability circumcised will have more weakness and problems than non-disabled girls circumcised because she has kind of impairment physical or sensory. Where she will suffer the wounds in her body and the trauma from the mutilation served on her body without pangs

3.1 Female genital Mutilation

Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. This kind of barbaric mutilations has no base in religion and law in the country. This is heredity from ancient people mainly from the rural area where cultural oriented people

The practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers, who often play other central roles in communities, such as attending childbirths. In many settings, health care providers perform FGM due to the belief that the procedure is safer when medicalized1 . WHO strongly urges health care providers not to perform FGM.

FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. It reflects deep-rooted inequality between the sexes, and constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women. It is nearly always carried out on minors and is a violation of the rights of children. The practice also violates a person's rights to health, security and physical integrity, the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to life when the procedure results in death.

3.2 Types of FGM

Female genital mutilation is classified into 4 major types.

 Type 1: this is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans (the external and visible part of the clitoris, which is a sensitive part of the female genitals), and/or the prepuce/ clitoral hood (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoral glans).  Type 2: this is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans and the labia minora (the inner folds of the vulva), with or without removal of the labia majora (the outer folds of skin of the vulva ).  Type 3: Also known as infibulation, this is the narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the labia minora, or labia majora, sometimes through stitching, with or without removal of the clitoral prepuce/clitoral hood and glans (Type I FGM).