Research tools box 14 11 2012

Research Tools Box

The Effective Use of Research Tools Box and Resources Nader Ale Ebrahim , PhD. Independent Researcher Technology Management Consultant "Research Tools" Advisor www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009 http://scholar.google.com/citations works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/

Introduction The search can be time consuming and sometimes tedious task. How can make it easier? How do deal with situations such as: •

• • • •

• • •

―I just join as new postgraduate students and I am not sure how to do a literature search‖ ―I have been into research for sometimes now but I spend a lot of time to get the articles I want‖ ―I am sure I have downloaded the article but I am not able to find it‖ ―I wanted to write a new paper, how can I manage the references in the shortest possible time?‖ ―I have many references, some for my old papers, and some for my current research.

Sometimes, they are so many that I can’t recall where I have kept them in my folders!‖ …….. ―I have written an article and I am not able to find a proper Journal‖ "I want to increase the citation of my papers, how do I do?"

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Objectives – To reduce the search time by expanding the knowledge of researchers to more effectively use the "tools" that are available through the Net. – To evaluate the types of literature that researchers will encounter.

– To convert the information on the search for a written document.

– Help researchers learn how to search and analyze the right journal to submit.

– To promote their publication for further citation.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

How to Conduct an Effective Literature Review

Outline • • • • •

Find literature associated with the topic.

Search and analyze the literature.

Evaluate the paper before reading.

Cite literature properly.

Make a summary table of reviewed papers.

• Avoid plagiarism.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The literature review In your literature review, you should: – – – – – –

clarify your understanding of the field explain the rationale for your research place your research within a broader context evaluate the results of previous research define key concepts and ideas identify research in related areas that are generalisable or transferable to your topic – identify relevant methodological issues.

UNE. 2009. The literature review [Online]. University of New England. Available: http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php [Accessed 25 January 2010].

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The literature review A literature review ensures that you are at least familiar with the body of research in your field before starting your own investigations.

Writing a literature review also provides practice in critical thinking. Once you have applied critical thinking skills to the findings of past researchers, you are in a better position to apply these same skills to your own work.

UNE. 2009. The literature review [Online]. University of New England. Available: http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php [Accessed 25 January 2010].

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Systematic Review 1/2 • A systematic literature review is a means of identifying, evaluating and interpreting all available research relevant to a particular research question, or topic area, or phenomenon of interest. Individual studies contributing to a systematic review are called primary studies; a systematic review is a form a secondary study.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Systematic Review 2/2 • A systematic review is a literature review focused on a research question that tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high quality research evidence relevant to that question.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review

• A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reasons for Performing Systematic Reviews • To summarise the existing evidence concerning a treatment or technology e.g. to summarise the empirical evidence of the benefits and limitations of a specific agile method.

• To identify any gaps in current research in order to suggest areas for further investigation.

• To provide a framework/background in order to appropriately position new research activities.

However, systematic reviews can also be undertaken to examine the extent to which empirical evidence supports/contradicts theoretical hypotheses, or even to assist the generation of new hypotheses Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The Systematic Review Process Planning the review

Systematic review

Conducting the review

Reporting the review

Source: Adapted from Systematic Review Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Planning the review 1. Identification of the need for a review 2. Development of a review protocol. (The most important activity during protocol is to formulate the research question.)

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Conducting the review 1. Identification of research 2. Selection of primary studies 3. Study quality assessment 4. Data extraction & monitoring 5. Data synthesis.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reporting the review

Reporting the review is a single stage phase.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Checklist for reading a review paper • What are the review’s objectives?

• What sources were searched to identify primary studies? Were there any restrictions?

• What were the inclusion/exclusion criteria and how were they applied?

• What criteria were used to assess the quality of primary studies and how were they applied?

• How were the data extracted from the primary studies?

• How were the data synthesised? How were differences between studies investigated? How were the data combined? Was it reasonable to combine the studies? Do the conclusions flow from the evidence?

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Narrow the area of research R&D and Distributed Teams

Focus of the literature Review SMEs, Virtual R&D teams and NPD

NPD and Virtuality

Virtual Teams Virtual R&D teams and SMEs

R&D NPD SMEs and Virtual Teams

R&D and NPD SMEs and R&D

SMEs NPD and SMEs

Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009). Virtual R & D teams in small and medium enterprises: A literature review. [Review]. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(13), 1575–1590.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Review biases • Read outdated version of a paper/book • Read without writing • Read unlinked papers (detect as much of the relevant literature as possible)

• Read before planning (defining a review protocol that specifies the research question being addressed)

• Start reading with few resources • Language bias • Publication bias Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Search for proper article

Effective searching » Developing a search strategy » Searching the library catalogue » Finding journal articles and papers » Searching the Internet » Other sources

Source: http://learnline.cdu.edu.au/myresearch/plan/searchstrategy.html

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Developing a search strategy • » Defining the topic » Considering the scope of your topic » Identifying the main or important aspects » Compiling a list of keywords » Developing your search strategy • It is important to develop a search strategy to, not only, find the information you need but to also clarify your topic.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

How to Find and Develop a Viable Research Topic?

Step One: Identify a Topic.

Step Two: Test Your Topic.

Test the main concepts or keywords in your topic by looking them up in the appropriate background sources or by using them as search terms.

If you are finding too much information and too many sources, narrow your topic by using the and operator Finding too little information may indicate that you need to broaden your topic.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Keywords Selecting keywords lead to get more citation.

Web of Science

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

KeyWords Plus Hi there! This issue, we are going to explain how KeyWords Plus broadens your search. KeyWords Plus is the result of our Thomson Reuters editorial expertise in Science.

What our editors do is to review the titles of all references and highlight additional relevant but overlooked keywords that were not listed by the author or publisher. With KeyWords Plus, you can now uncover more papers that may not have appeared in your search due to changes in scientific keywords over time.

Thanks and keep your feedback and questions coming!

Smiles, Lim Khee Hiang Ph.D., Principal Consultant

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

KeyWords Plus- Example • New Product Development in Virtual Environment (ISI Indexed) • Author Keywords: New product Development; Virtual teams; Concurrent Collaboration; Review paper • KeyWords Plus: DEVELOPMENT TEAMS; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNICATION; PERSPECTIVE; INTEGRATION; INNOVATION; NETWORK; WORKING Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Finding review articles • To demonstrate finding review articles in a Google Scholar search, enter the search: • "health insurance""review article" and click on the Search button.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Critically Analyzing Information Sources 1- Initial Appraisal: Author Date of Publication Edition or Revision Publisher Title of Journal (Distinguishing Scholarly Journals from other Periodicals)

2- Content Analysis: Intended Audience Objective Reasoning Coverage Writing Style Evaluative Reviews

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

h-index (Jorge E. Hirsch) • A scientist has index h if h of [his/her] Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np − h) papers have at most h citations each.

H-index from a plot of decreasing citations for numbered papers

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Source: Making Research Count: Analyzing Canadian Academic Publishing Cultures

Š2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Where to Find Research Literature

• ISI Web of Knowledge • Research tools Mind Map (Refer to ―search for proper article‖ section)

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Web of Science Coverage Expansion

by ThomsonReuters on 04-27-2010 01:42 PM

In recent years we have witnessed an explosion in the production and availability of scholarly research results. This growth is reflected in the gradual expansion of journal coverage in the Web of Science.

Journal coverage in Web of Science consists of three major indexes, namely the (Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index. In addition, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (formerly ISIProceedings) became an edition of Web of Science in October) 2008.

In 2000 journal coverage in Web of Science totaled 8,684 titles. In 2005, Web of Science covered 9,467 journals, an increase of 9%. As of April 1, 2010 11,519 journals are covered in Web of Science, and increase of 22%.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Citation tracking • Citation indexes allows you to search the academic literature in ways that illuminate the progress of academic debate in your field. With a citation index, you can easily identify the most influential articles, and the leading academic authorities. You can track backwards (using lists of cited articles) and forwards (using lists of articles which cite a particular article). As a result, you can determine the position of academic debate at any time in the past Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Cited Reference Searching Traditional search

Cited reference search 2004 2003 paper paper 1987 paper

1982 paper

1957 paper

1996 paper

1993 paper

1982 paper

1957 paper

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

1996 paper

Literature Citation Information – Driving Discovery of ―CLOSE Art‖ 2002

2004 2007

Times Cited 2003 2001

2000

Cited References

2005

Related Records

1998

1993

2004 2000

 Citing 

…navigating • Backward in time via Cited References • Forward in time via Times Cited • and through Related Records

1998 1994

Time 27

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Paper/journal quality • Another guide to paper/journal quality is the general reputation of the association, society, or organization publishing the journal.

• Leading professional associations such as American Psychological Association (APA) or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) publish a range of journals that are highly regarded.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

For More Info.

How to do an Effective Literature Search?

Application Training Module Series I

by Customer Education Team

ts.training.asia@thomson.com Stop Searching, Start Discovering

Review Paper Examples • • • •

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Performance Effects

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creative software

pilot study

prototype

pattern matching

statistical

Review

www-based

Math. Modeling

Experiment

Empirical(large n)

Case study(small n)

Framework

Theory -Building

Process Model

Simulation

other

variety

Quality

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cost

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Source information

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Time

speed

techniques

development capacity

identifying critical chain

setting buffers

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Research Methodologies

References

CAD technology

Time Compression Technologies

virtual production

Supplier integration

lead user

simplification of structure

training & rewarding

concurrent engineering

project strategy

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team structure

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concurrent product

involvement of partners

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product complexity

tool

process

innovation

organization

quality control

planning

procurement

design

product

Subjects

manufacturing

Project management

E-collaboration

Search Result

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(Roemer, T. et al 2010)

MOHAMMADJAFARI, M., AHMED, S., DAWAL, S. Z. M. & ZAYANDEHROODI, H. 2011(Article in press). The Importance of Project Management in SMEs for the Development of New Products through E-Collaboration. African Journal of Business Management.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

FIXSON, S. 2007. Modularity and commonality research: past developments and future opportunities. Concurrent Engineering, 15, 85.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Keeping up-to-date

Keeping up-to-date What is an alert service?

• Many journal databases and book publishers offer free alert services. These are an effective means of keeping track of the latest research.

• Alert services come in different forms. The most common include: – a search alert. This is a saved search which alerts you when a book or article that matches your search terms is published.

– a TOC (Table of Contents) alert. Such an alert notifies you when a new issue of a journal is published, and provides you with the issue's table of contents.

– a citation alert. This advises you when a new article cites a particular work.

– Most alert services are email-based. An increasing number are now offered as an RSS feed. If you are just beginning, you might like to try email alerts first. These are generally easier to create.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Keeping up-to-date Alert services are an effective means of keeping track of the latest research.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Keeping up-to-date Create a Google Alert • Enter the topic you wish to monitor.

• Search terms: • Type: • How often: • Email length: • Your email: Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Keeping up-to-date

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Paraphrasing

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Desktop search

dtSearch Google Desktop Windows Search

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reference Management

EndNote • EndNote is an almost indispensible tool for the serious researcher. And best of all, its free to all UM postgraduates!

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Why use EndNote? • EndNote allows you to create your own reference library. This library can be used to store the bibliographical details relating to the articles and books that you use.

When it comes time to write your thesis, you can employ the library to insert references into your text and produce your bibliography. EndNote will save you hundreds of hours over the course of your research.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Export to EndNote

ScienceDirect (Elsevier) allows you to check your desired citations, then click on the ―Export Citations‖ link…

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

… then you select which pieces of information you really want in your EndNote database, using the radio buttons, then click on the ―Export‖ button to bring up the dialog box we have seen before to transfer the temporary file into EndNote Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Getting published

Objectives • • •

• •

• • •

To improve the quality of articles.

To manage the submission procedure.

To evaluate Journal measuring factors (like: Journal Impact Factor, Immediacy Index, Cited Half Life, five Year Journal Impact Factor) before article submission.

To search and analyze the right journal to submit.

To identify journals to publish in or which journals are the best in a particular discipline.

To write and submit journal articles using time-saving bibliographic management tools.

To deal with the editor response To deal with the Publishing Process (How to Deal with Proofs)

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Getting published Why publish?

Apart from the final thesis, you should also consider publishing your work as you go along. There are various reasons for this: – publications assist in final preparation of your thesis disseminating your knowledge and experience, – it gives you an academic profile and raises the profile of your institution, – research publications generate income for the University, – publications enhance your CV and may help in gaining employment, and – you may even become rich and famous - but don't count on it!

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Paper Structure • Title • Affiliation • Abstract • Keywords • Nomenclatures • Introduction • Materials and methods • Results and Discussions • Conclusions • References Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Abstract Abstract should not exceed 300 words (without reference).

Abstract must include following sections: Problem Statement: This section should include answers of the questions: • Why was research needed?.

• What was the context of the work?.

• Introduce the problem or provide background for what you will address.

Approach: • What did you do and how did you go about solving or making progress on the problem.

• Describe the method of research, study, or analysis applied to the problem.

Results: • What results did you get?

• State what you found and relate it to the problem.

• Summarize the major results in numbers, avoid vague, hand waving results such as ―very small‖ or ―significant‖.

Conclusions/Recommendations: • What are the implications of your answer?

• State the relevance, implications, or significance of the results or conclusions, to the business.

• Significance of work is often implied by the recommendations or implications for future work.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Type of journal paper • Full-Length Paper • Communication (results of complete small investigations or giving details of new models or hypotheses, innovative methods, techniques or apparatus)

• Technical note/Note (discussion related to a paper previously published)

• Data bank • Viewpoint (concise, to the point, and bring novel new insights on a specific problem)

• Review • Letter

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Choose a category for the paper •

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Research paper. This category covers papers which report on any type of research undertaken by the author(s). The research may involve the construction or testing of a model or framework, action research, testing of data, market research or surveys, empirical, scientific or clinical research.

Viewpoint. Any paper, where content is dependent on the author's opinion and interpretation, should be included in this category; this also includes journalistic pieces.

Technical paper. Describes and evaluates technical products, processes or services.

Conceptual paper. These papers will not be based on research but will develop hypotheses. The papers are likely to be discursive and will cover philosophical discussions and comparative studies of others' work and thinking.

Case study. Case studies describe actual interventions or experiences within organizations.

They may well be subjective and will not generally report on research. A description of a legal case or a hypothetical case study used as a teaching exercise would also fit into this category.

Literature review. It is expected that all types of paper cite any relevant literature so this category should only be used if the main purpose of the paper is to annotate and/or critique the literature in a particular subject area. It may be a selective bibliography providing advice on information sources or it may be comprehensive in that the paper's aim is to cover the main contributors to the development of a topic and explore their different views.

General review. This category covers those papers which provide an overview or historical examination of some concept, technique or phenomenon. The papers are likely to be more descriptive or instructional ("how to" papers) than discursive Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/write/abstracts.htm?part=1#2 Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

HOW TO WRITE/EDIT SCIENTIFIC PAPERS (I) MINDSET, (II) CONCEPTS, AND (III) LOGIC

I. Right mindset for writing ―State your facts as simply as possible, even boldly. No one wants flowers of eloquence or literary ornaments in a research article.‖ -R.B. McKerrow (Well-known British editor & educator 1882-1940) Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Example 1

• Ok: It is clear that factor A upregulates the pathway.

• Better: Factor A clearly up-regulates the pathway.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

II. Modern writing concepts 1. Styles 2. Use ―We‖ 3. Use active voice 4. Avoid vague IT, THERE, THIS/THAT 5. Avoid long sentence 6. Write a strong sentence core 7. One message per paragraph

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

1. Styles • BOG—Business or Government style, the more traditional style • CLEAR—Clear Easy Reading, the more modern style

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Example

• BOG: It is anticipated that an annual training rate of 100 employees will be achieved by the time the program is fully operational.

• CLEAR: When the program is operating at full capacity, we expect to train 100 people per year.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

2. Use ‗We‖ We-sentence is a more-modern style, reads more interesting, and communicates with the reader more directly.

– We report …

– We speculate …

– We generated …

– We measured …

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

We-sentences appear in many leading journals

• In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that … We provide evidence that … (Science)

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

3. Use active voice • Active voice is more informative, clearer, and more reader-friendly than passive voice.

– The results indicate …

– Table 1 shows …

– Recent studies have reported …

– Zhang and coworkers have suggested …

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Example 1 • Bad: Twelve soil samples of 4 agricultural areas were investigated for…, and the corelationships between … were analyzed.

• Good: We investigated 12 soil samples of 4 agricultural areas for …, and analyzed the co-relationships between …

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Iyn dupré writes: (The author of Bugs in writing: A guide to debugging your prose)

―If you want to learn only one technique to improve your writing substantially, you should learn to avoid using passive voice.‖

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

4. Avoid vague IT, THERE, and THIS/THAT • IT is unknown.

• THERE is no where.

• THIS/THAT could be anything.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

IT is old style 1. Old style: It is likely that it will rain soon.

• Modern style: It will rain soon.

2. Old style: It should be borne in mind that the current research has imitations.

• Modern style: The current research has limitations.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

III. Logic issues 1. Logic flow 2. Connection 3. Parallelism 4. Redundancy

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

1. Use transitional words to promote logic flow

• • • • • •

Also, and, again, further, furthermore First, then, second, next, lastly Soon, after, previously, meanwhile But, yet, still, instead, In short, in other words, Similarly, consequently, accordingly Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

2. Connection of clauses 1. Compound (and, but) 2. Cause/effect (as, because, for, so, ) 3. In between (semicolon) 4. Condition (if, whether, when) 5. Concession (Although, even if, whatever) 6. Result (so that)

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Example 1

She has a fever, and she probably has an infection.

Incorrect:

She has a fever; she probably has an infection.

Correct:

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

3. Parallelism

1. Verb 2. Subject 3. Similar parts in a sentence 4. Meaning

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Verb • Incorrect: She swims, plays basketball, and was running bicycles.

• Correct: She swims, plays basketball, and runs bicycles.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Subject Incorrect: The ignition was tested, an examination of the belts was carried out, and the levels of the lubricants were checked.

Correct: The ignition was tested, the belts were examined, and the lubricant levels were checked.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Other parts •

Not only, but also Bad: The plant is not only capable of growing on high-salt soils, but also accumulating concentrations of salts.

– Good: The plant is not only capable of growing on high-salt soils, but also capable of accumulating concentrations of salts.

– Better: The plant is capable of not only growing on high-salt soils, but also accumulating concentrations of salts.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

4. Redundancy • Most-commonly seen problems in nonEnglish speaking writers – Wording repetition – Sentencing repetition – Meaning repetition – Wordy

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Wording 1. Bad: These

differences grew smaller, and they finally faded out after a stimulation of 3 min.

These differences grew smaller and finally faded out after a stimulation of 3 min.

• Good:

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

(Cont.)

2. Bad: The result indicates that this assumption can be considered reasonable in some sense.

• Good: The result indicates that this assumption may be reasonable.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Meaning 1. Bad: A method to evaluate this effect, rather than to assume subjectively, was proposed.

• Good: A method to evaluate this effect was proposed.

2. Bad: As a rule, the temperature was generally adjusted to the room temperature.

• Good: As a rule, the temperature was adjusted to the room temperature Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Selecting keywords

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Improving Readership of Your Articles Appearing at the top of the list of search results, and having a useful description of your work, greatly improve the likelihood that a reader will find and download your document.

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Abstracts should include keywords that potential readers are likely to use in searches. It is especially valuable to modify and reuse words that appear in the document's title and full text to improve the article's rank when readers search for those words.

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The first sentence of the abstract is all that is likely to be displayed in the search page results, so make your first sentence one that will encourage readers to click the link.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Using keywords • Using keywords is a vital part of abstract writing, because of the practice of retrieving information electronically: keywords act as the search term.

Use keywords that are specific, and that reflect what is essential about the paper. Put yourself in the position of someone researching in your field: what would you look for? Consider also whether you can use any of the current "buzzwords".

Source: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/authors/guides/write/abstracts.htm?part=1#2 Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Paper submission

Author Self Check Is the title of the paper well described clearly and shortly?

Is the abstract addressed the summary of the manuscript?

Are the keywords selected wisely?

Is the content of the paper treated original and innovating?

Is the methodology well discussed (clear and accurate)?

Are the paper structure and all figures well designed?

Are all tables and figures in the paper useful and commented in the text?

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Author Self Check- Con. Are the parameters, legends and units well described in the figures and its axis?

Is the nomenclature in the paper well described in the equations and the text?

Is the introduction of the paper dealt the relevant topics?

Are the experimental apparatus and procedure clearly described?

Are the conclusions supported by derived results of this work?

Are the references used latest and appropriate?

Is the standard language used?

Research Tools Box Š2012

By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Cover letter • Research background, • Innovation and significance of the research, • Latest publications • Relationship to prior publication

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure

Acceptance Procedure •

Editor-in-Chief tests the manuscript according to the several criteria of subject scope, style, apparent technical validity, topical importance, relationship to prior publication, conciseness, appropriate references, and length. Papers that vary widely from the prescribed archival style (those written as speeches, ill-defined manuscripts, progress reports or news releases, or those strongly flavoured with advertising) will not be considered for publication.

•

Associate Editor (Editor) evaluates the paper according to the same criteria and, in most cases, has the paper sent to one or more reviewers in the field (usually two) for confidential review. The Associate Editor may, however, at his or her discretion, accept the paper without review, reject it giving explicit reason, or request that the author prepare it in a different format.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Example (Source: Industrial Management & Data Systems) The reviewing process Each paper is reviewed by the editor and, if it is judged suitable for the publication, it is then sent to two referees for double blind peer review. Based on their recommendations, the Editor then decides whether the paper should be accepted as is, revised or rejected. The Editor may, however, vary this process in some circumstances.

Copyright Articles submitted to the journal should not have been published before in their current or substantially similar form, or be under consideration for publication with another journal. Please see Emerald's originality guidelines for details. Use this in conjunction with the points below about references, before submission i.e. always attribute clearly using either indented text or quote marks as well as making use of the preferred Harvard style of formatting. Authors submitting articles for publication warrant that the work is not an infringement of any existing copyright and will indemnify the publisher against any breach of such warranty. For ease of dissemination and to ensure proper policing of use, papers and contributions become the legal copyright of the publisher unless otherwise agreed.

The editor may make use of iThenticate software for checking the originality of submissions received.

Please see our press release for further details.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Similarity score The similarity score indicates how similar this paper is to other papers, with values ranging from 0 (no similarities) to 100 (completely the same). High scores, e.g., above 30, may indicate that parts of the paper have been copied from elsewhere.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

High similarity rate Dear Dr ………………., Thanks for your effective work. We also finish the Cross Checking work here.

We found four papers (your Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 ) could not arrive our standards, e.g. the similarity rate is very high, which means these papers have duplicated or salami-slicing, self-plagiarism problem. We can't accept these. When you see the attached reports, you will understand us here. ……………………….. …………….

Thanks.

Best wishes, ?????

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

We use plagiarism Detection

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Check plagiarism first

• Example 1 (Text with references) • Example 2 (Text without references) • Example 3 (Text with references-Checked with Turnitin)

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

How do I avoid plagiarism?

• •

• • • • • • • •

•

only hand in your own and original work. indicate precisely and accurately when you have used information provided by someone else, i.e. referencing must be done in accordance with a recognised system. indicate whether you have downloaded information from the Internet. never use someone else’s electronic storage media, artwork, pictures or graphics as if it were your own. never copy directly without crediting the source do not translate without crediting the source do not paraphrase someone else’s work without crediting the source do not piece together sections of the work of others into a new whole do not resubmit your own or other’s previously graded work do not commit collusion (unauthorised collaboration, presenting work as one’s own independent work, when it has been produced in whole or in part in collusion with other people) ghost-writing – you should not make use of ghost writers or professional agencies in the production of your work or submit material which has been written on your behalf Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure Con. •

Reviewer is asked to judge the technical validity of the manuscript and the extent of its advance over work previously published. The reviewer is asked also for advice as to whether the paper merits publication in the journal. However, the decision to publish, to require major revision before publication, or to reject for reasons cited lies first with the Associate Editor and ultimately with the Editorin-Chief.

•

Editorial Decision to Accept or Reject - The Editors will inform the author of their decision (acceptance, conditional acceptance, or rejection). In the case of rejection, the author will be given specific reasons related to the criteria. In the case of conditional acceptance, the required revisions will be clearly indicated. On some occasions, the Editors may anticipate a need for further reviews after revision; if so, the author will be notified.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reviewer □ Compatibility with the journal topics □ Scientific level □ The clear answers to the questions: - What is the problem?

- What is done by other people?

- What the author did?

- What is new?

- What is the author contribution?

□ Organization of the paper: - problem statements, - application area, - research course, - methods used, - results, - further research, - interest in cooperation, - acknowledgements, - references □ Language: - spelling, - style, - grammar

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Some General Rule for Reviewers

• Almost 90% of the journal follow these rules. so, you check yourself how your paper is before you send it out.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure Con. •

•

• •

Author - If the paper has been rejected or if extensive revisions have been requested that the author believes are incorrect or unwarranted, then he or she is entitled to submit a point-by-point rebuttal to the Editor’s statement of reasons and the reviewers’ comments.

Editors - The rebuttal then is analyzed by the Editors, and a decision is made. In rare cases of a complex point of dispute, the Editors, at their discretion, may mandate additional reviews. In no case shall a paper go through more than two reviewing cycles before a decision is given.

Editor-in-Chief - If the dispute still remains unresolved, then the decision of the Editor-in-Chief is final and overrides all other considerations.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure Con. •

Rebuttal by Author (for rejected paper) - In the confrontation between the rejection statement and the rebuttal statement, the decision goes in favour of the author if the dissenting reviewer’s case is not clearly convincing.

•

Authors who are requested by Editors to revise their papers must make an effort to accomplish the requested revisions in the stated period, which normally is four weeks for major revisions, two weeks for minor revisions. If the author does not respond to the subsequent inquiries, the paper will be regarded as withdrawn.

Normally, an author who has good reason to request a time extension will be granted such an extension.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure Con. •

Reviewer who feels strongly that a particular paper should not be published may be given the opportunity, if the Editor decides nevertheless to accept it, to write the criticism as a Technical Comment. The author then is allowed to write a closing response for publication in the same issue as the Comment.

•

Formal acceptance will not occur until the author has complied with all of the revision requests (if any) made by the Associate Editor or the Associate Editor has accepted the author’s rebuttal, and the author has prepared the paper in the Journal Manuscript Style and Format.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure Con. •

When a paper is formally accepted, it will be scheduled for publication in a forthcoming issue, and the author will be so informed. Depending upon the number of papers awaiting publication and the projected size of issues, this may require that papers be scheduled several issues ahead. Editor-in-Chief also may designate certain special-category papers for immediate publication.

•

Page proofs will be made available to authors for correction and release prior to scheduled publication. Authors should inform the Journal department of any anticipated change of postal or e-mail address between acceptance and page proof time. Authors are expected to read and release their proofs in seven days or less.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Acceptance Procedure Con. •

Overscheduled - To allow for late or non-release of proofs by authors and to provide the flexibility to meet issue-length and topicmix constraints, issues will be overscheduled by about 25%. Thus, there will always be a certain number of papers held over for the next issue. Papers not published in the issue for which they were originally scheduled will have first priority for publication in the following issue.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Example - Proofing Instructions The proofreading stage is intended to catch any errors in the galley's spelling, grammar, and formatting. More substantial changes cannot be made at this stage, unless discussed with the Section Editor. In Layout, click on VIEW PROOF to see the HTML, PDF and other available file formats used in publishing this item.

For Spelling and Grammar Errors Copy the problem word or groups of words and paste them into the Proofreading Corrections box with "CHANGE-TO" instructions to the editor as follows...

1. CHANGE... then the others TO... than the others

2. CHANGE...

Malinowsky TO...

Malinowski For Formatting Errors Describe the location and nature of the problem in the Proofreading Corrections box after typing in the title "FORMATTING" as follows...

3. FORMATTING The numbers in Table 3 are not aligned in the third column.

4. FORMATTING The paragraph that begins "This last topic..." is not indented.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Referee’s Report Form • Example 1 • Example 2

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Please kindly complete the following form and submit. Referee report received after ten days from the date shown above will not affect the decision of acceptance or rejection of the article. An average rating of 6 is required for the acceptance of the article.

Top of Form

1.

English grammar and readability 1(Poor)

2.

8

9

10(Excellent)

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5

6(Average) 7

8

9

10(Excellent)

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5

6(Average) 7

8

9

10(Excellent)

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6(Average) 7

8

9

10(Excellent)

2

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6(Average) 7

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9

10(Excellent)

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6(Average) 7

8

9

10(Excellent)

Summary rating of the overall quality of the article 1(Poor)

7.

6(Average) 7

Quality as a review article

1(Poor) 6.

5

New technical contributions

1(Poor) 5.

4

Chances of free from potentially serious errors which may invalidate the results 1(Poor)

4.

3

Reference of previous contributions in books and journals 1(Poor)

3.

2

2

3

4

Review Comments Bottom of Form

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reviewer Guidelines 1. A general rule is "Don't spend more time reviewing the submission than the author spent writing it." If you find that a submission has so many problems that it would require a complete rewrite to save it, make a reasonable number of comments and reject the submission.

2. If you review a submission that is excessively similar to previously published submissions (or you have reason to believe that the submission has previously been published), please note this to Editor.

3. Editorial comments are helpful to authors. However, readability is a factor in a good submission. If the use of language is so poor that it makes reading difficult, please note this in your comments and reflect it in your ranking.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reviewer comments • • • • • • •

Reviewer’s Evaluation Report (Reject) Reject- does not comply with the aims and scope Reject with helpful comments-1 Reject with helpful comments-2 Reject with helpful comments-3 Requires Major Revision Moderate Revision Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Reviewer comments Con. • Some suggestions • The manuscript needs a substantial improvement • Acceptable for publication • Not acceptable for publication • Cannot accept your manuscript • Major correctionReferences (not already cited in the paper)

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Manuscript is not suitable!

Dear ..........: This manuscript is not suitable for the Advanced Science Letters. Please submit to other journal.

Best regards, H. S. Nalwa Katsuhiko Ariga ______________________________________________________________ Dear ........, I regret to inform you that I cannot accept your paper for publication in Management Science. My decision is based on lack of fit. In particular, your work is not well�tied to the Management Science literature and research style.

I wish you good luck in pursuing another journal for publishing your work.

Best regards, Yossi Aviv Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Revised version • Step by step corrections (with minor modification) • Step by step corrections base on reviewer's comments • Compare the old and the new version of paper (with major modification) • Response to the editorial issues

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Target Suitable Journal

Why target a suitable journal is important?

1. Journal selection is vital for quick publication.

2. Finding a suitable journal can lead to easy publication; more citation and visibility to your published article.

3. Choosing an irrelevant journal can lead to slow publication, unkind reviewer comments and finally rejection.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Where should I submit my publication?

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) •

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was founded by Eugene Garfield in 1960. It was acquired by Thomson Scientific & Healthcare in 1992, became known as Thomson ISI and now is part of the Healthcare & Science business of the multi-billion dollar Thomson Reuters Corporation.

•

ISI offered bibliographic database services. Its speciality: citation indexing and analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield. It maintains citation databases covering thousands of academic journals, including a continuation of its long time print-based indexing service the Science Citation Index (SCI), as well as the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). All of these are available via ISI's Web of Knowledge database service.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Founder & Chairman Emeritus Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) For more Info

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) •

The ISI also publishes annual Journal Citation Reports which list an impact factor for each of the journals that it tracks. Within the scientific community, journal impact factors play a large but controversial role in determining the kudos attached to a scientist's published research record.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Web of Science Coverage Expansion

by ThomsonReuters on 04-27-2010 01:42 PM

In recent years, we have witnessed an explosion in the production and availability of scholarly research results. This growth is reflected in the gradual expansion of journal coverage in the Web of Science.

Journal coverage in Web of Science consists of three major indexes, namely the (Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index. In addition, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (formerly ISI Proceedings) became an edition of Web of Science in October) 2008.

In 2000 journal coverage in Web of Science totaled 8,684 titles. In 2005, Web of Science covered 9,467 journals, an increase of 9%. As of April 1, 2010 11,519 journals are covered in Web of Science, and increase of 22%.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Impact Factor • The most commonly used measure of journal quality is Impact Factor. This is a number which attempts to measure the impact of a journal in terms of its influence on the academic community. Impact Factors are published by Thomson-ISI

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Impact Factor-Journal Ranking • Relative impact factors are often a better guide to the importance of a journal than raw numbers. JCR allows you to compare the impact factors of different journals in the same subject area • The Economic History Review has an impact factor of 1.051.

At first glance, it would appear that this journal is relatively unimportant. In fact, it is arguably the premier Englishlanguage journal in its field (its major competitor, the Journal of Economic History Review, has an even lower impact factor: a mere 0.529!). Far more illuminating is the journal's relatively high impact factor compared to other journals in the history of the social sciences. Economic History Review ranks first out of 15 journals in the Thomson-ISI's list of journals in this subdiscipline.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Number of references

Journal Source Data (JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY- IF= 1009) Citable items Articles Reviews Combined Other items Number in JCR year 2009 (A)

176

6

182

32

Number of references (B)

5200

839

6039

123.00

Ratio (B/A)

29.5

139.8

33.2

3.8

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Journal Source Data The Source Data Table shows the number of citable items in the JCR year.

Citable items are further divided into articles (that is, research articles) and reviews.

An item is classified as a review if it meets any of the following criteria: it cites more than 100 references it appears in a review publication or a review section of a journal the word review or overview appears in its title the abstract states that it is a review or survey Other items include editorials, letters, news items, and meeting abstracts.

These items are not counted in JCR calculations because they are not generally cited. Data in this column are available only in JCR 2003 and subsequent years.

The table also shows the number of references cited by the articles and reviews in the JCR year. The ratio of references to citable items indicates the average number of references cited by an article or review.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Cited Journal: JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY Journals 1 - 20 (of 394) Impa ct

Citing Journal All Journals

1.009 J OPER RES SOC EUR J OPER RES ALL OTHERS (354) COMPUT OPER RES INT SER OPER RES MAN COMPUT IND ENG INT J PROD ECON EXPERT SYST APPL STUD COMP INTELL INT J ADV MANUF TECH OMEGA-INT J 3.101 MANAGE S INT J PROD RES OPERAT RES COMP SCI LECT NOTES COMPUT SC INT J SYST SCI SPRING SER RELIAB EN APPL MATH MODEL I C WIREL COMM NETW ANN OPER RES CONTEMP SY

[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 ]

Page 1 of 20 Cited Year All 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Yrs 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rest 492 110 212 274 275 281 266 286 214 186 281 9 3 0 457 2 18 48 35 37 36 29 26 16 18 192 436 0 7 23 34 23 26 30 34 16 18 225 354 1 12 10 15 25 21 18 20 6 19 207 167 1 7 4 9 10 15 10 10 5 3 93 157

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0

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5

6

8

8

3

144 142 130 102

2 0 1 0

2 4 1 0

6 5 2 5

8 3 10 4

11 12 14 9

7 10 10 14

7 11 17 4

12 3 8 4

9 6 9 10

0 9 4 2

80 79 54 50

93

0

0

4

6

6

5

2

5

4

1

60

90

0

0

3

10

2

3

1

4

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4

61

69

0

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6

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36

67

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8

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32

66

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41

62

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48

53

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6

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32

52

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39

45

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1

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4

5

1

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28

39

0

2

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3

1

3

0

2

2

0

23

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

14 108

Citing Journal: JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY Journals 1 - 20 (of 575) Impa ct

Cited Journal All Journals ALL OTHERS (1820)

1.009 J OPER RES SOC EUR J OPER RES 2.227 MANAGE SCI 1.576 OPER RES COMPUT OPER RES LECT NOTES COMPUT SC

[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 ]

Page 1 of 29

Cited Year All 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Yrs 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rest 616 339 19 134 297 392 327 396 315 303 312 270 2 7 182 7 43 80 134 100 120 106 89 96 79 966 0 457 2 18 48 35 37 36 29 26 16 18 192 444 5 22 39 22 16 36 29 35 27 14 199 185 0 3 1 1 6 4 4 0 7 2 157 182 0 1 4 4 3 3 1 6 6 4 150 108 1 7 9 18 11 9 8 4 7 2 32 66

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INT J PROD ECON OPER RES QUART OMEGA-INT J 3.101 MANAGE S ANN OPER RES

47 45

2 0

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0.838 INTERFACES INT J PROD RES NAV RES LOG 1.479 TRANSPORT SCI

41 39 38 38

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 2

0 3 0 1

3 4 1 1

3 3 2 3

0 1 2 1

1 7 2 2

3 2 0 0

1 2 1 1

1 1 3 2

29 15 26 25

IIE TRANS MNGT SCI 0.806 J PROD ANAL 3.099 J MARKETING RES

34 34 31 31

0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

1 0 1 2

2 0 1 3

4 0 5 4

1 0 1 0

3 0 1 1

2 0 3 2

1 0 4 1

18 34 14 18

COMPUT IND ENG

27

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1

1

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1

1

3

13

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Disseminate Your Results (Advertising)

Publication Marketing Tools "Enhancing Research Visibility and Improving Citations"

Abstract Abstract: Research needs to be explained clearly to others to colleagues, to educational bodies, and to the public by publications. There are various reasons for publication: – Publications help in spreading your knowledge and experience, – It gives you an academic profile and raises the profile of your institution, – Research publications create income for the University, ….. and – Publications strengthen your CV. Publishing a high quality paper in scientific journals is a halfway of receiving citation in the future. The rest of the way is advertising and disseminating the publications by using the proper ―Research Tools‖. Familiarity with the tools allows the researcher to increase his/her h-index in the short time. H-index shows the academicians influences in the specified field of research. Therefore, a person with higher level of h-index has more high quality publications with high amount of citations. This presentation, covers the following topics: Why publish and increase h-index?, Definition of h-index and g-index, Importance of h-index, How to use ―Research Tools‖ Mind Map, Paper title preparation, Selecting keywords, Select the proper journal, Advertise published article, and finally Trace published article citation.

Keywords: h-index, Increase citations, Research tools

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The scenarios • ―I have written an article, and I do not know how to select the title and keywords for receiving high citation?‖ • ―I have published a high quality paper, how can I receive high citation rate in the shortest possible time?‖ • "I want to increase the citation of my papers, how do I do?"

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Motivations • Times Higher Education World University Rankings system Citations — research influence (worth 32.5 per cent) • Von Zedtwitz (Ph.D. in Business Administration - 1999) • h-index importance • H-index comparisons • Australian Research Repositories Online to the World • Directory of Open Access Repositories • News • CV (Curriculum Vitae)

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Objectives • • •

• •

• •

To increase your paper visibility, accessibility, To improve the quality of the article title and keywords To evaluate Journal measuring factors (like: Journal Impact Factor, Immediacy Index, Cited Half Life, five Year Journal Impact Factor) before article submission.

To search and analyze the right journal to submit.

To identify journals to publish in or which journals are the best in a particular discipline.

To disseminate the publications by using ―Research Tools‖ in order to increase citation To trace the citation

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Publication marketing checklist

NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Item Paper title keywords Proper journal Select best paper repository Networking Alert system

Check

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Strategies for Enhancing the Impact of Research

Improving access and retrieval of your research study is the surest way to enhance its impact.

Repetition, consistency, and an awareness of the intended audience form the basis of most the following strategies.

Preparing for Publication Dissemination Keeping Track of Your Research Source: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

h-index (Jorge E. Hirsch- 2005) • A scientist has index h if h of [his/her] Np papers have at least h citations each, and the other (Np − h) papers have no more than h citations each.

H-index from a plot of decreasing citations for numbered papers

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

g-index (Leo Egghe (2006)) • In order to give more weight to highly-cited articles Leo Egghe (2006) proposed the g-index. The g-index is defined as follows: [Given a set of articles] ranked in decreasing order of the number of citations that they received, the g-index is the (unique) largest number such that the top g articles received (together) at least g2 citations. Although the g-index has not yet attracted much attention or empirical verification, it would seem to be a very useful complement to the h-index.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

How to measure h-index 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Web of Science - Science - Thomson Reuters Publish or Perish Microsoft Academic Search Add-on for Firefox: Scholar H-Index Calculator Quadsearch Scholarometer-add-on for the Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome 7. scHolar index

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Optimizing Your Article for Search Engines

Source: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/seo.asp

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Optimizing Your Article for Search Engines Optimizing your article for search engines will greatly increase its chance of being viewed and/or cited in another work. Citation indexes already figure in many disciplines as a measure of an article's value; there is evidence that article views/downloads are also beginning to count in the same way. The crucial area for optimization is your article's abstract, title and keywords, which are freely available to all online.

Source: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/seo.asp

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Understanding Search Engines Each search engine has its own algorithms for ranking a piece of content, such as a journal article. However, many search engines estimate the content's relevancy and popularity as measured by links to the content from other websites. Most search engines attempt to identify the topic of the piece of content. To do this, some search engines still use metadata tags (invisible to the user) to assess relevant content, but most now scan a page for keyword phrases, giving extra weight to phrases in headings and to repeated phrases.

Source: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/seo.asp

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Strategies for Enhancing the Impact of Research Preparing for Publication

• Add the name of study in the title of all publications and use the same title/ name consistently.

• Assign keyword terms to the manuscript.

• Formulate a concise, well-constructed title and abstract. Include crucial keywords in the abstract.

• Publish your work in an open access journal.

• Consider the desired audience when choosing a journal for publication.

Source: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Missouri

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Selecting keywords

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Optimize Title/Abstract Step 1: Construct a clear, descriptive title In search engine terms, the title of your article is the most interesting element. The search engine assumes that the title contains all of the important words that define the topic of the piece and thus weights words appearing there most heavily.

Step 2: Reiterate key phrases The next most important field is the text of the abstract itself. You should reiterate the key words or phrases from the title within the abstract itself.

Source: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/seo.asp

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Well-Optimized Abstract:

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Poorly Optimized Abstract:

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Target Suitable Journal

Strategies to increase citations • • • •

• •

Target a journal with a high impact factor, or, in fact, with any impact factor at all!

Choose a new, rapidly growing field of research. Articles on hot topics tend to cite much more recent references than those in more traditional fields.

Target journals in rapidly growing research fields because they tend to publish papers with a short time interval from submission to acceptance.

Write research articles, technical notes and reviews. For the purposes of calculating citations, these are considered ―citable‖ items. Editorials, letters, news items and meeting abstracts are ―non-citable items‖.

Write reviews in addition to research papers. Reviews are more likely to be cited than original research papers.

Write at length. Longer articles are cited more often.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Strategies to increase citations •

Make it easy for others to access your work. Online availability of articles clearly increases citations (and therefore, the journal’s impact factor). It helps if researchers can find relevant articles and access them instantly, rather than working their way through barriers of passwords and technicalities. This effect will increase with the availability of search engines like Google Scholar.

– Target ―open access‖ journals (especially if they have an impact factor).

– Make your work available via the Google searches/ResearcherID. – Put the address for your ResearcherID page into your email signature as a clickable link.

•

•

Don’t write as a member of a consortium. It’s better to be one in a list of individual authors. Some evidence shows citations to articles written by consortia have been undercounted.

Find quick publication Journals

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Open Access Journal One key request of researchers across the world is unrestricted access to research publications.

Open access gives a worldwide audience larger than that of any subscription-based journal and thus increases the visibility and impact of published works. It also enhances indexing, retrieval power and eliminates the need for permissions to reproduce and distribute content.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Elsevier’s position on Access Journals offering sponsored access A number of journals published by Elsevier offer authors the option to sponsor non-subscriber access to individual articles. The charge for article sponsorship is $3,000. This charge is necessary to offset publishing costs – from managing article submission and peer review, to typesetting, tagging and indexing of articles, hosting articles on dedicated servers, supporting sales and marketing costs to ensure global dissemination via ScienceDirect, and permanently preserving the published journal article. The fee excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as color charges which are additional.

Authors can only select this option after receiving notification that their article has been accepted for publication. This prevents a potential conflict of interest where a journal would have a financial incentive to accept an article.

Source: Sponsored Articles & Elsevier’s position on Access

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Abstracted/indexed in 1.

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ABI/INFORM Association of Business Schools' (ABI) Academic Journal Quality Guide (www.the-abs.org.uk) Australian Business Deans' Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List Australian Research Council ERA Ranked Journal List Compendex Computer Abstracts International Database Current Contents / Engineering, Computing & Technology Current Contents / Social & Behavioural Sciences Emerald Management Reviews (EMR) INSPEC Abstracts International Abstracts in Operations Research OR/MS Index and Annual Comprehensive Index Science Citation Index Social Science Citation Index SCOPUS Zentralblatt MATH

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Source: Journal of the Operational Research Society

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Self Citation ―Self-citation refers to a paper being submitted to a specific journal in which papers that have been published during the previous 2 years in that same journal are cited in the reference list. While self-citation of relevant papers is legitimate, excessive self-citation can indicate a manipulation.

Thomson Reuters resource known as Web of Science, the company which now lists journal impact actors, considers self-citation to be acceptable up to a rate of 20%, anything over that is considered suspect‖ (Diana Epstein, 2007).

•

Source: Diana Epstein, Impact factor manipulation, The Journal of the European Medical Writers Association, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2007 Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim Research

Funny Self Citation

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim Source: Google Scholar & Peter Achterberg (1977)

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Citation Behavior, variance among disciplines: Mathematics Economics

Genetics & Heredity

12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%

20 07 20 06 20 05 20 04 20 03 20 02 20 01 20 00 19 99 19 98

0%

There are inherent differences between different fields with regards to citation behavior. For some fields such as Mathematics or Economics it takes longer to reach the peak of citation activity.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Citation trends for different types of publications

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Strategies to increase citations • Write reviews in addition to research papers - review journals often have high impact factors as they are more frequently cited than research articles; • Online availability is crucial as it facilitates greater access to your work by the international research community; • Target open access journals, particularly peer-reviewed publications; • Deposit your research output in the UWS Research Repository.

Source: University of Western Sydney Library Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Journal Immediacy Index Cites in 2010 to items published in 2010 = 22 Number of items published in 2010 = 28

Calculation: Cites to current items 22 = 0.786 Number of current items 28

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Disseminate Your Publications (Advertising)

8 Ways to increase usage and citation of published papers 1.

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Create your own website Create Mind Map Do Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Contribute to Wikipedia Join Twitter Join academic social networking sites Join LinkedIn Deposit papers in repositories

Adopted from ―10 Ways to Increase Usage and Citation of your Published Article Using Social Media‖ Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Advertising • • • • • • • • •

ResearcherID Wikipedia Web Site Mindmeister SSRN getCITED Academica ResearchGate The Berkeley Electronic Press™ Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Advertising • • • • • • • • • •

MPRA HAL Malaysian Expert CiteULike PublicationsList Academic Research Microsoft WiKi Methodspace Ecademy Best Virtual R&D Teams Papers Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The following text retrieved on 23rd April 2011 from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia (available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_team). ―A virtual team (also known as a geographically dispersed team or GDT) is a group of individuals who work across time, space and organizational boundaries with links strengthened by webs of communication technology. Powell, Piccoli and Ives define virtual teams in their literature review article "as groups of geographically, organizationally and/or time dispersed workers brought together by information and telecommunication technologies to accomplish one or more organizational tasks."[1] Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent (2009) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team ―as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks‖[2]‖

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Document Publishing Scribd.com Docstoc.com Issuu.com

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

CSTD (Commission on Science and Technology for Development ) 2011-2012 panel

• Recently, a report published in the CSTD (Commission on Science and Technology for Development) 2011-2012 intersessional panel which hold on 13-15 December 2011, Manila, Philippines. In this report the paper ―Ale Ebrahim, N., S. Ahmed and Z. Taha (2009).

"Virtual R&D Teams in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Literature Review " Scientific Research and Essays‖ , is one of the references.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Thanks to whom cited LinkedIn Nader Ale Ebrahim wrote:

Dear Montero, First of all, I should take this opportunity to thank you for accepting the LinkedIn connection request and cite my paper in your presentation entailed "Three Secrets to Turning Your Office Into The Anywhere OfficeÂŽ".

Next, I have submitted my PhD thesis, and I am waiting for final defense. My experience regarding virtual teamwork return to my topic of research and my experience background which is reflected in the following publications http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1379350 .

I found you as a professional person in the filed of virtual teams, so I would like to keep in touch with you in case of any inquiry.

Best Regards, Nader On 01/23/12 8:03 AM, Phil Montero wrote: -------------------Nader - Thanks for connecting with me! I see we share several groups all having to do with virtual teams. What is your experience or interest in virtual teamwork?

On January 23, 2012 7:00 AM, Nader Ale Ebrahim wrote: -------------------I'd like to add you to my professional network on LinkedIn.

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Social Network

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Professor T. Ramayah

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Publishing a book

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Trace the citation Keeping Track of Your Research

Record Citation • KNOWN CITATIONS • Mind Map

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Thank you!

Nader Ale Ebrahim , PhD. Independent Researcher Technology Management Consultant "Research Tools" Advisor www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2414-2009 http://scholar.google.com/citations works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Source: http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2010-2011/analysis-methodology.html

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

The sequence of the human genome [PDF] from fu-berlin.de…, XH Zheng, L Chen, M Skupski, G Subramanian… science, 2001 ... George L. Gabor Miklos 2,; Catherine Nelson 3,; Samuel Broder 1,; Andrew G. Clark 4,; Joe Nadeau 5,; Victor A. McKusick 6,; Norton Zinder 7,; Arnold J ...

Chunhua Yan 1,; Alison Yao 1,; JaneYe 1,; Ming Zhan 1,; Weiqing Zhang 1,; Hongyu Zhang 1,; Qi Zhao 1,; Liansheng Zheng 1,; Fei Zhong ...

Cited by 8600 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 48 versions

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

h-index importance ―Hirsch, who has a h-index of 49, says that a "successful scientist" will have an index of 20 after 20 years; an "outstanding scientist" will have an index of 40 after 20 years; and a "truly unique individual" will have an index of 60 after 20 years.‖ Source: Nature and PhysicsWeb.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates whom we predicted in 2008 and 2010 are this year's Nobel Prize winners.

2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine Jules A. Hoffmann – 2008 Citation Laureate Bruce A. Beutler – 2008 Citation Laureate Ralph M. Steinman – 2010 Citation Laureate Cancer kills Nobel physician before he hears of prize 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics Adam G. Riess – 2010 Citation Laureate Saul Perlmutter – 2010 Citation Laureate Brian P. Schmidt – 2010 Citation Laureate

2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Daniel Shechtman - 2008 Citation Laureate 2011 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel Thomas J. Sargent - 2008 Citation Laureate Christopher A. Sims - 2008 Citation Laureate Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Quote from David Pendlebury, Citation Analyst : "The researchers Thomson Reuters recognizes as Citation Laureates, identified by an analysis of their publication and citation records in the Web of Science, are peers of Nobel laureates in every way except they have not yet won the Nobel Prize.― Source: Who will win the next Nobel Prize?

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

14/12/2011

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Documents that cite: "Ebrahim, Nader Ale‖

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

13/01/2012

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Links to ARROW repositories • • • • • • • • • • • •

Central Queensland University Macquarie University Monash University Murdoch University Swinburne University of Technology University of Ballarat University of Newcastle University of New England University of New South Wales University of South Australia University of the Sunshine Coast University of Western Sydney Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Citation Workshops - Analyze and Improve Citation Counts Publishing research ideas in high-impact journals is a primary concern of researchers.

But once their works are published, they are concerned if their research ideas are being cited in their research fields. To explore recent developments of bibliometrics in academia, four individual workshops to "Analyze and Improve Your Citation Counts" were held between 7-10 December for the Schools of Business and Management, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Engineering. Over 70 faculty and staff members joined the workshops at the Library.

Presentations from the workshop are available at the HKUST Institutional Repository (http://repository.ust.hk/dspace/handle/1783.1/6184.

Link: http://library.ust.hk/info/notes/notes75.html

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Directory of Open Access Repositories • ASIA – Japan – Malaysia

• EUROPE – Belgium – Germany – United Kingdom

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Proportion of Repositories by Country - Worldwide

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

Proportion of Repositories by Continent - Worldwide

Please compare with :Most-Cited Paper From the Top 20 Countries

Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

News KUALA LUMPUR: Local universities are still not ready to participate in the Times Higher Education ranking of global universities, said Higher Education Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin. ―The largest component in the Times' criteria for ranking is research and citations. ―We know that if we participate, our universities will not make it into the ranking,‖ he told reporters after attending the National Academic Awards ceremony here yesterday.

He noted that local universities were only elevated to research universities in 2007 with five to eight years needed for their work to mature and be used as citations.

Source: Local varsities not ready for Times Higher Education global ranking

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

CV PROFESSOR THARAM S. DILLON RESEARCH PROFILE He has published over six hundred and twenty (620) papers as book chapters, in international and national journals, refereed conference proceedings, written five (5) books and edited five (5) other books, and published thirty two (32) chapters in edited books. He has attracted over $6 million dollars in research funding. His work is widely cited and therefore has considerable impact. Over the last few years he has been cited several times in over 1000 scientific articles (source: Google Scholar). He has an H-Index of 21 (Google Scholar) which puts him in the top percentile of researchers.

Techniques pioneered have also been widely adopted in industry. Examples include: (i) the most widely used short term load forecasting around the world technique using adaptive neural networks, and (ii) the most widely used hydro-thermal scheduling optimization technique used around the world.

Source: http://cbms2008.it.jyu.fi/files/060608dillonSHORT%20BIO.pdf Research Tools Box Š2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

References 1.

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Research Tools, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Apr. 2010 Journal Citation Reports®, Thomson Reuters 2009 The publish or perish book: Your guide to effective and responsible citation analysis / Anne-Wil Harzing. , September 2010 Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Six Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009). Virtual R & D teams in small and medium enterprises: A literature review. [Review]. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(13), 1575–1590.

Journal Citation Reports - Science - Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Knowledge ALE EBRAHIM, N., ABDUL RASHID, S. H., AHMED, S. & TAHA, Z. 2011. The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEs. Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 10, 109-114.

EBRAHIM, N. A., AHMED, S. & TAHA, Z. 2010. SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5, 916-930.

ALE EBRAHIM, N., AHMED, S. & TAHA, Z. 2009. Modified Stage-Gate: A Conceptual Model of Virtual Product Development Process. African Journal of Marketing Management, 1, 211-219.

Research Tools Box ©2012 By: Nader Ale Ebrahim

References 11. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2010. Research Tools I & II. Available: http://works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/13/ 12. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2010. Target ISI Journals-HOW TO WRITE/PUBLISH ISI PAPERS. Available: http://works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/1/ 13. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2011. Collaboration Tools for Education ―Learn and teach online‖. Available: http://aleebrahim.com/Presentation/Collaboration%20Tools%20for%20Education%20.pdf.

14. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2011. How to Conduct a Literature Review. Available: http://works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/50/ 15. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2011. How to increase h-index. How to increase h-index; ―Advertise and disseminate publications‖ [Online]. Available: http://works.bepress.com/aleebrahim/53 16. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2012. An Effective Literature Review Procedure.

17. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2012. The Effective Use of Research Tools Box. Available: http://www.scribd.com/doc/101881937/The-Effective-Use-of-Research-Tools-Box-By-Nader-AleEbrahim [Accessed 3 August ].

18. ALE EBRAHIM, N. 2012. Research Tools Box. The Effective Use of Research Tools Box. Kuala Lumpur.

©2012 Nader Ale Ebrahim