NAFC Gender-Based Analysis Toolkit

Foreword

On behalf of the National Association of Friendship Centres’ (NAFC) Indigenous Youth Council (IYC), we thank the Friendship Centre Movement (FCM) for their ongoing commitment to providing safe and inclusive spaces for Indigenous youth, and more specifically, 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks.

The NAFC Indigenous Youth Council (IYC) was established in 1994 to bring Indigenous youth views, concerns, and issues to the national level. It is comprised of thirteen members, including a four-member Executive Committee, a Youth Executive member, and eight Provincial/ Regional Representatives.

To help implement this important work, the NAFC, IYC, and FCM youth, have partnered to develop “The Colours of Friendship: Honouring Spaces for 2S+ & IndigiQueer Inclusivity,” toolkit. We hope that this document offers valuable insight on how to best support Indigenous youth with layered identities accessing FCM programs and services.

As you move through this document, we encourage thoughtful reflection and mindfulness as you observe impactful personal stories, vulnerability, and a strong desire for creating and maintaining healthy cultural spaces for 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks. We couldn’t do this without the support of the dedicated staff and community members who continue working towards advancing and celebrating Indigenous youth voices from coast-to-coast-to-coast.

Thank you to all who have contributed towards the development of this insightful and impactful toolkit.

In Friendship,

Acknowledgments

Kwey kakina,

We hold space for the journey that this document has weathered, for all of the efforts and supportive work of gender diversity inclusion, IndigiQueer and 2SLGBTQQIA+ Folks. We thank the members of the NAFC Indigenous Youth Council (IYC) for guiding the creation of this work and for highlighting the needs of our kin to ensure that this toolkit is informed by thoughtfulness and lived realities.

We acknowledge the ancestral lands of our Anishinabeg ancestors on which this work was carried out and pay our respects to all community members past, present, and emerging. We also acknowledge the ongoing stewardship of these lands by urban Indigenous peoples and the relationships we water.

We extend our sincere thanks to the IndigiQueer and 2SLGBTQQIA+ folks, Knowledge Keepers, youth, academics, professionals, friends, and family who provided guidance and wisdom on various cultural protocols, values, and practices - your insights and teachings have been invaluable in shaping this work.

We also express appreciation to those who have consulted with us, whether for one session, or for the entirety of this journey. We would like to thank Colten Jerome, Riley Yesno, Kierstin Williams, Shelby Provost, and Madeline Burns for their insightful and rich contributions to this toolkit.

Kizagin, Hunter Dewache & Victoria Marchand

1) Purpose of the Toolkit

1) Trigger Warning

2) Gender and Sexual Identities are not Congruent

2) Using an Intersectionality Approach

3) Indigenous 2SLGBTQQIA+ Approaches to Intersectionality

4) Learning and Unlearning

5) Building an Understanding of IndigiQueer and 2S+ Identities

9) Interactive Activity for Exploring Key Terms: Building an Understanding

11) Supporting Our Understanding of Terminologies (“Answer” Key)

15) Exploring Commonly Used Acronyms

17) History

18) Respecting Pronouns

19) Exploring Urban IndigiQueer and 2S+ Realities

21) Taking Action as an Ally

21) Discrimination and Assumption-Making of 2SLGBTQQIA+ and IndigiQueer People

22) Supporting Friendship Centres in Their Steps to Gender Inclusivity

30) Building Respectful Relationships with 2S+ and IndigiQueer Organizations in Your Area

31) Overview of Allyship

32) Days of Awareness and Visibility

34) Resources

Many Indigenous people are in need of spaces that can support their exploration of gender and sexual identities to create a better understanding of themselves. Further, the creation of safe spaces can help reduce feelings of isolation and help promote feelings of belonging by creating a stronger sense of community.

The creation of this toolkit is meant to be an entry point to starting a conversation around 2SLGBTQQIA+ and gender diverse members accessing Friendship Centres, supports, and programs. In this way, we can support the advancement of gender equality and inclusion by creating welcoming and dynamic spaces.

The goal of this toolkit is to be an accessible and comprehensive resource that can act as a guide to questions one might have surrounding gender and sexuality. It is also meant to be culturally informed and Indigenous centred with resources drawn from 2SLGBTQQIA+ and IndigiQueer experiences.

Purpose of the Toolkit Trigger Warning

This toolkit contains content and discussions that may be new and potentially triggering for some individuals. It includes topics such as gender diversity, sexuality, phobias/ discrimination related to gender and sexual orientation, and colonialism. Please protect your own well-being and take a break if you are feeling overwhelmed. If further distress and discomfort occurs, it is advised to seek support from someone you trust, or a mental health professional.

Additional comprehensive resources and toolkits can be found here: https://nafc.ca/resources/mental-health?lang=en

Gender and Sexual Identities are not Congruent

Being Two-Spirited (2S) and/or IndigiQueer are terms that are culturally specific. This means that non-Indigenous folks should not appropriate this term nor use it to identify their gender or sexuality.

Furthermore this, some Indigenous people prefer to use different terms to reflect how they

identify. Some may use IndigiQueer, some may use Two-Spirit, some may use both, and some may use neither.

For context, 2S/Two-Spirit is an umbrella descriptor that was coined in the 1990’s by 2SLGBTQQIA+ and IndigiQueer folks. 2S+ and IndigiQueer definitions differ and are grounded in one’s community, language, collective histories, and cultural contexts. 2S+ and IndigiQueer approaches to gender and sexuality are both rooted in community, and it is up to the individual to make that connection.

Using an Intersectionality Approach

Urban Indigenous members accessing Friendship Centres (FCs) and Provincial/Territorial Associations (PTAs) come from many different backgrounds which must be acknowledged and respected. Members may have identities that overlap in multiple communities that are more affected by racism and discrimination. An example of such is someone who is Indigenous but is also 2SLGBTQQIA+.

It is acknowledged that Friendship Centres and PTAs are all unique in their approach to support delivery. It is to be emphasized that the tools, resources, and materials within this toolkit are meant to be adapted to best fit the needs of your members and communities.

2S - Two-Spirit

L - Lesbian

G - Gay

B - Bisexual

T - Trans

Q - Queer

Q - Questioning

I - Intersex

A - Asexual and/or Ace

• Inclusive and intersectional way to reflect on diverse orientations and expressions that include, but not limited to, non-binary, pansexual, agender, etc.

Indigenous 2SLGBTQQIA+ Approaches

Homophobia

Heteronormativity

Indian Act

Transphobia

Cissexism

Sixties Scoop

Houselessness

to Intersectionality

Cisnormativity

Income Security

Ableism

Systemic Invisibility

Food Security

Cultural Identity

Substance Use

External Factors

Suicide

Mental Health

Indigenous Rights

Colonization

Residential Schools

Nation to Nation Relationships

2SLBGTQIA+

Intersectional Factors

Celebration of Sacredness of 2SLGBTQQIA+

Interventions and

Connection to Culture Spirituality

Gender Affirming Leadership

Futurisms Resurgence Resiliency

Intersectional Factors

Cultural Strengths

Entrepreneurship

Learning and Unlearning

Creating and adapting supports can go through many phases of trial and error. Please note that this process is normal for any support delivery. Although such a process can create frustration at times, it is important that there be a continuous effort in making sure that the supports are inclusive and respectful to all. During this process, it is suggested that those who are providing support should communicate with the members they are trying to reach and ask for feedback.

If there are ever moments of confusion on how to address certain topics or how to appropriately address an individual, it is always best to ask questions in a respectful manner.

It can be harmful to assume someone’s pronouns, gender-identity, name, and/or sexual orientation. Making such assumptions can make others feel uncomfortable, unheard, isolated, and, at times, like they are not valued or respected. If an individual corrects you regarding the ways that they would like to be addressed, it is suggested to make supportive efforts to respect their identity. This is a process that might take some time and practice, but your continuous efforts will be greatly appreciated.

Native Montreal, Montreal Pride Parade 2023

Building an Understanding of IndigiQueer and 2S+ Identities

Shelby (she/they) is a member of the Piikani Nation of Southern Alberta, and a proud mother to her son. She currently works on their local reserve as the cook for the school. With working at the school, they are preparing to become a Red Seal Chef! Shelby is currently the Youth Representative for the Napi Friendship Association. When they’re not volunteering or working, Shelby runs a small business Yawnestly Itaami beadwork, which specializes in beadwork and ribbon skirts!

Madeline (she/they) is a Métis person from Red River on their mother’s side, as well as someone with mixed settler ancestry, specifically with connections to Scotland on her father’s side. Madeline enjoys feeling fluid and unrestricted in their understandings of their own sexuality and gender.

They currently reside as a guest on Ləkʷəŋən territory, where they received their bachelor’s degree from the University of Victoria with a double major in Gender Studies and Political Science. She worked at the Victoria Native Friendship Centre as a youth support worker and co-facilitates their 2SLGBTQQIA+ youth programming. Maddi sits on the NAFC’s Indigenous Youth Council as the BC Representative and is on the BCAAFC’s Provincial Aboriginal Youth Council. They hope to continue a lifetime of community building, un-learning, and re-learning. Madeline will be attending the Indigenous Governance Masters program in the Fall of 2023.

Victoria (nenokase meaning hummingbird) uses she/ her pronouns and identifies as a 2S woman from Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg and Winneway Long Point Algonquin First Nations.

She is a mother, soccer player, wife, health advocate, and loves her two furry pups. As many other queer folks have walked before, the path to being proudly 2S+ for Victoria is still ongoing as she strives to be more open about her sexuality. Victoria has deepened her connection to herself by knowing that just being is good enough.

Riley (she/her) is Anishinaabe from Eabametoong First Nation/Thunder Bay, ON. Riley identifies as an IndigiQueer woman.

She is a PhD student in political science and a commentator with national and international media, whose work focuses on the politics of reconciliation and the role of youth and queer people in political and social movements.

Kierstin (she/her) is a proud Two-Spirit Anishinaabekwe from Garden River First Nation and Batchewana First Nation with a passion for politics, storytelling, and culture. “Storytelling is so important to me because it lies at the heart of Anishinaabe teachings, culture, and ways of being”. She is currently working as a Journalism Fellow with Richochet Media, and was formerly a reporter with Metroland.

Colten (ayabe meaning Big Buck Deer) uses they/them pronouns. They are a proud nonbinary queer person from Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg who combat the gender binary on a daily basis.

They currently taking post-secondary studies with hopes to pursue an education in Child Psychology so that they can take the knowledge obtained and support youth in all communities. Colten shares that being openly 2S+, supports the youth in their community and provides them with a space of safety.

Hunter (anoki meaning “he hunts/traps”) uses he/him pronouns and identifies as a 2Spirit (bisexual) male. He calls home Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg which is an Algonquin community.

He is a multimedia artist and communications consultant who works on creative projects/ initiatives both inside and outside of his community. He strives to strengthen the representation and visual presence of the Algonquin/Anishinabe people (including all from many intersectional backgrounds) within their traditional unceded and unsurrendered territory. With his work, he also aims to strengthen relationships between Indigenous and nonIndigenous peoples.

Gender is a social construct

Interactive Activity for Exploring Key Terms: Building an Understanding

In this activity, we ask that you write down what you believe each of the below key terms means to you. As we discuss deeper, there are no strict definitions of identity and this further supports the notion that no dictionary, no person, or no website, can tell you who you are.

For example:

2SLGBTQQIA+: I think this is an umbrella term that can be used to talk about the Indigenous Queer community.

Ally:

Asexual:

Androgynous:

Dead Naming:

Bisexual:

Cisgender:

Femme:

Gay:

Gender:

Sex:

Sexual Orientation:

Gender Expression:

Gender Expansive:

Gender Identity:

Gender Nonconforming:

Genderqueer:

Grey asexual:

Heterocentrism:

Heteronormativity:

Heterosexual:

Homophobia:

Inclusion:

Intersex:

Lesbian:

Masc:

Nonbinary:

Pansexual:

Queer:

Questioning:

Settler Colonialism:

Sex Assigned at Birth:

Transgender:

Transgendered*:

Trans or Trans+:

Two-Spirit/2S:

The National Black Justice Coalition has a thorough additional resource here, referencing Definitions & Terminology: https://nbjc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/ LGBTQCulturalCompetencyTerminologyWorkbook-10-10-11.pdf

As does the MMIWG 2SLGBTQQIA+ Sub-Working Group: https://mmiwg2splusnationalactionplan.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2SLGBTQQIA-Report-Final.pdf

Supporting Our Understanding of Terminologies (“Answer” Key)

Important Note:

Labels and definitions are always changing and growing. Folks who connect with certain terminology may have a variety of definitions. Maddi reminds us that this is a starting point to build and decolonize our understandings of sexuality and gender. “We exist on this spectrum of gender and sexuality that language cannot fully capture.”

Ally: Many define allyship as an ongoing process that consists of learning, listening, and taking action to support marginalized groups. This may look like interjecting on a conversation that is perpetuating violence against a marginalized group.

• Later in the toolkit, we will discuss how Friendship Centres can become a safer space for 2S+ and IndigiQueer inclusion.

Asexual: The absence or lack of interest in sexual attraction to any other genders. Sometimes shortened into the term “Ace” See resource: Advocates for Youth - I Think I Might be Asexual

Androgynous: The physical characteristics of a person that share both masculine and feminine traits.

Dead Naming: The birth name of a transgender person who has decided to choose a different preferred name.

Bisexual: Described by some as being attracted to both male and female individuals or being attracted to more than one gender.

Cisgender: An individual whose gender identity aligns with the sex that was registered to them upon birth. This is different from their romantic or sexual attraction (a cisgender person can identify as a member of the queer community).

Femme: Someone who identifies as feminine either mentally, physically, and/or emotionally.

Gay: An individual who is attracted to someone that identifies with the same sex or gender as themselves.

Gender: Can be viewed as the socially constructed roles, behaviours, and expressions that define an individual.

Maddi shares that there is no stable definition of gender. Expressions, behaviours, and roles do not define one’s gender for them. Communities and individuals may have varying definitions of what gender means to them on their own terms and with their own understandings, cultural contexts, practices, feelings, expressions, and ways of being.

Sex: A set of physical attributes that define a male, female, or intersex individual usually given at birth.

Maddi shares that sex, like gender, can also be understood as socially constructed. The definitions and physical attributes that we have assigned to what must “make someone” female, male, intersex, etc. does not exist in a vacuum. It is important to remember that these definitions have been subject to variation and change throughout history and across cultures.

Sexual Orientation: This can be described as the group or gender in which an individual is attracted to sexually, romantically, or emotionally. Individuals can be attracted to one or several genders simultaneously.

Gender Expression: How one expresses their gender through different forms including behaviour, wardrobe, and/or social behaviour.

Gender Expansive: This can be expressed by someone who does not follow gender stereotypes and/or looks to expand on gender and gender expression. The term gender nonconforming as defined below is often the preferred term for the 2SLGBTQ+ community.

Gender Identity: The internal feelings that one possesses of their own gender. Can be different from their gender expression or sex. (Ex. woman, man, 2spirit, transgender, etc.)

Kierstin shares, “I did my undergrad in Gender Studies where many people utilized a very Eurocentric and westernized perspective. From an Indigenous perspective, gender is something that fluctuates, it is fluid, and not something that stays the same. Your relationships to your own gender identity changes. I’m a woman, I’m totally cool with that, but there’s times and circumstances where I dress or present a certain way but to me, that doesn’t mean my gender identity changes. I know that for other 2S+ folks, it does. Gender is something is how you feel and that can change. In terms of sexuality, that is something that changes and I’ve changed it so many times. Gender and sexuality revolve around your relationships to others and yourself.”

Gender Nonconforming: This can be expressed by someone who does not follow gender stereotypes and/or looks to expand on gender and gender expression. Always use the terminology as preferred by the individual with whom you’re interacting.

Genderqueer: Someone who does not identify with the gender binary and is often used by people who are gender fluid (their gender varies depending on several factors).

Grey asexual: A person whose sexual orientation is between or fluctuates between sexual and asexual. These individuals may experience sexual attraction but may not desire sexual relationships.

Heterocentrism: The view that heterosexuality is the norm and should be central in issues and decision-making.

Heteronormativity: Can be described as the idea that everyone is heterosexual and/or heterosexuality is the norm and all other sexualities are different or abnormal.

Heterosexual: An individual who is exclusively attracted to people of the other sex.

Homophobia: Disliking, showing animosity towards, and/or unaccepting of 2SLGBTQ+ people often due to a lack of education or social bias/prejudice.

Inclusion: The act of including an individual or group in an event, action, or space regardless of their orientation. The goal of inclusion can be taking the additional step of listening and learning in order to provide a safe space for those who may have experienced unsafe spaces in the past.

Intersex: Used as the term for people who are between what is biologically defined as male and female. This can be a difference in hormones, chromosomes, internal/external reproductive parts, etc.

Lesbian: This refers to women who are emotionally, romantically, and/or physically attracted to other women.

Masc: Defined by some as an individual who possesses traits that have been socially defined and constructed as masculine or male including appearance or qualities.

• Masc and Femme share similar terminology

Nonbinary: This is an individual who defines their gender between or outside of the traditional man-woman binary. Nonbinary people can view their identity as diverse and may identify as transgender.

Pansexual: Individuals who are sexually, romantically, and/or emotionally attracted to people across genders.

Queer: Used as a form of reclamation this term can be seen by some as inclusive of the entire 2SLGBTQ+ community.

Questioning: This refers to individuals who are in the process of discovering themselves and their sexual identity.

Settler Colonialism: This term is used to refer to a form of colonization that consists of a group inhabiting the land in which they violently dispossess from the Indigenous population. It is the form of colonization that happened in what is now known as Canada.

Sex Assigned at Birth (SAB): When born, individuals are usually given a male or female designation based on their biological reproductive organs. Sometimes people are born with both male and female parts and are designated as intersex.

Transgender: This describes a person’s gender identity that is different from what was assigned to them at birth. These individuals can choose to undergo surgery or therapy to alter their biological traits to match their physical traits with their gender identity.

Transgendered*: This term is used by some to describe an individual as transgender, however the term transgender is the appropriate term. “Transgendered” can be seen as equal to calling someone “coloured” implying that something happened to them denying them dignity.

Colten shares, “this term is also seen as being really harmful. It is never appropriate to refer to a trans individual as “transgendered”. This implies that being trans is something that happens to someone, instead of an identity. For example, you wouldn’t say that a person has turned gay or is ‘gayed’. This is something we can think about and work to better at.”

Trans or Trans+: These terms are often used as a replacement to the term transgender as they provide greater inclusivity. “Trans” or “Trans+” includes transgender, transexual, transmasculine, transfeminine, etc.

• Transmasc and Transfem(me) can be used as an abbreviated term for Transmasculine or Transfeminine.

Two-Spirit/2S: This term is used by some individuals who identify as Indigenous and view themselves as possessing male and female traits, however it reaches far beyond the simplicity of gender or sex. The term can be seen to encompass sexual, cultural, gender, and spiritual identities and is defined differently by many who identify using this terminology.

Note for our learning journey: Searching for definitions via Google, Dictionary, etc. can support our learning path to understanding the complexities and various dynamics of identity, sexuality, and gender, however, this toolkit will provide you with lived experiences so that you may intertwine both the academic and published definitions with the realities lived and faced by IndigiQueer/2S+ folks.

For further learning you can refer to PFLAG’s website that provides an expansive glossary of terminology relating to the 2S+LGBTQ community.

Note: this is an American organization so their language and definitions may differ from those in Canada, however their glossary can be a valuable resource. https://pflag.org/glossary/

A smaller, less exhaustive list of definitions can be found on the Canadian government’s website: https://women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/free-to-be-me/2slgbtqi-plus-glossary.html

Exploring Commonly Used Acronyms

CAMAB/CAFAB: Coercively assigned male/female

• Supportive resource here for bettering our understanding of CAMAB/CAFAB and more: Gender Diversity Terminology Support

CD: Cross-dressing or crossdresser

FtM/F2M: Female to Male

GNC: Gender Non-Conforming

GSM: Gender and Sexual Minorities, a term that can be used in place of “2SLGBTQ+”

2SLGBTQQIA+ and various renditions exist such as:

• LGBTQ2S+

• LGBTQ*

• LGBTQ+

• GLBT

• LGBTTQ

• LGBTQ2

MSM/WSW: Men who have sex with men/Women who have sex with women

MtF/M2F: Male to Female transgender or transsexual person

PGP: Preferred Gender Pronouns

• Excellent resource for preferred gender pronouns can be found here from the SpeakOUT Foundation

QPOC/QTPOC: Queer and People of Colour/Queer and Trans People of Colour

SAAB: Sex assigned at birth

• MAAB/AMAB: Male assigned at birth/ Assigned male at birth

• FAAB/AFAB: Female assigned at birth/Assigned female at birth

• UAAB: Unassigned at birth

SGL: Same-gender-loving, a term coined by Black activist Cleo Manago, to ensure Afrocentric perspectives were include in the gender and sexual identity spectrum

SSM: Same-sex marriage. Some resources would refer to this as a “new social phenomenon” however as Riley pointed out, Indigenous folks have historically been navigating multigender roles and identities since time immemorial.

SRS: Sex Reassignment surgery, also known as Gender-Affirming surgery (GAS), Gender Confirmation surgery (GCS), or Transition-Related surgery (TRS).

• Please see some provincial links below to learn more about how SRS/GAS/GCS/ TRS is supported in Canada.

• British Columbia

• Alberta

• Ontario

TERF: Trans-exclusionary radical feminist

• E could also stand for eliminationist

• TERFs are known to advocate for harm towards Trans folks

• Good read from Vox

• From the article, “TERF originated in the late 2000s but grew out of 1970s radical feminist circles after it became apparent that there needed to be a term to separate radical feminists who support trans women and those who don’t”

• Many TERFs will call themselves gender critical, as they aim to critique transgendered folks while framing it as feminism. Feminism and transphobia are mutually exclusive

NBY: Non-binary

Which acronym stood out to you? Do you have any familiarity or experiences with this terminology? Take a moment to consider how you can begin to include these acronyms into your Friendship Centre and/or workplace.

History

We are very thankful that Riley Yesno provided us with a look into IndigiQueer and 2S+ history and culture.

Queer and 2S+ people have been part of our nations and communities since time immemorial. According to the MMIWG 2SLGBTQQIA Sub-Working Group, of the 200 Indigenous languages spoken throughout North America, at least 150 of them have terms to identify individuals who are neither male or female. Indeed, our languages tell us what queer and 2S+ people already know: we have always been here.

Not only have we always been here, but we have always been accepted, and in many cases, revered. Think, for example, of Anishinaabe teachings of Nanabush. In most accounts, Nanabush is described as a shapeshifter, moving between identities, forms, and genders (or absent of gender markers altogether). We see that one of our very foundational and sacred entities is queer. And we know that many other nations hold stories of similar, queer, figures.

Colonizers recognized these understandings of gender and sexual diversity amongst Indigenous people. In fact, some of the earliest written accounts of Indigenous queerness come from the journals of Jesuit missionaries from the 1600’s. Our acceptance and love for queer people went firmly against the Western and Christian worldviews of the time, and as such they became one of the earliest targets of annihilation at the onset of colonization.

Think, for instance, of testimonies from residential school survivors. Repeatedly, you will hear survivors share how some of their earliest memories from the schools include being separated from their siblings on the basis of gender, having their hair cut, and being forced to wear certain clothes— these are all examples of the imposition of gender norms and expression.

Unfortunately, many members of our communities have difficulty seeing these truths: both of our enduring presence, and how denying our presence is a symptom of internalized colonial beliefs. As such, we must all be vigilant to unlearn the colonial systems of heteropatriarchy— refusing to enact queerphobia under the guise of ‘tradition’. It is well time that we, Indigenous queer and 2S+ people, reclaim our power and place in all of our community spaces.

Colten shares that their lived experiences as a 2S+ person is very much personal and only other 2S+ or IndigiQueer people can relate. “Back then, we were highly respected and were able to incorporate both walks of life and support men and women roles. Homophobia was learned, it is colonial”.

Respecting Pronouns

What are pronouns and why should I respect them?

Pronouns are important in respecting gender identities. They allow individuals to be referred to in a way that affirms and validates their gender identity. Using a person’s desired pronouns can create a more inclusive and welcoming environment as we are acknowledging and affirming their identity.

Common Pronouns can include:

• She/Her: She likes to make moccasins

• He/Him: He likes to cook bannock

• They/Them: They enjoy grass dancing

• Ze/Hir/Zir: Ze enjoys beading with hir/zir kokom

• She/They: They like to tap trees to make maple syrup. She bottles it up and gives it to her nitap.

• He/They: His ribbon shirt is too small for him now that they’ve gotten older. They will ask their kokom to make a new one for special events.

The Public Health Services Authority Trans Care Team in British Columbia has developed a Gender Inclusive Language Infographic that supports our learning in utilizing pronouns and shifting our language use: http://www.phsa.ca/transcarebc/Documents/HealthProf/ Gender_Inclusive_Language_General.pdf

In addition, using the correct pronouns can help reduce discrimination and stigma against people who identify as gender non-conforming, transgender, or non-binary folks. When advocating for a more inclusive space, the Friendship Centre Movement strives to contribute to a culture that values diversity and promotes equality for all individuals regardless of their gender identity and/or expression.

If there is discomfort in respecting one’s pronouns or preferred name, that may come across as not respecting someone’s identity.

Point of Reflection:

Have you considered other pronouns for your identity? What is your relationship to your pronouns? What are some ways we can support those with pronouns that may differ from our own?

Exploring Urban IndigiQueer and 2S+ Realities

I use they/them pronouns and identify as a non-binary TwoSpirited person. My journey started off in 2018 when I first came out to my parents as gay. Within the following years, I realized that identifying as a gay man wasn’t something that aligned with me. From the years of 2018-2021, I started to really question who I was and how I identified. In 2021, I came out as non-binary and was met with an outpour of love & support from family, friends, and fellow community members. While many expressed their support, I noticed that there was a lack of knowledge and understanding of what it means to be nonbinary and how to appropriately speak to someone who identifies as someone outside of the binary. I feel as though there is lots of work to be done in terms of understanding the importance of pronouns. While I’m so appreciative of everyone’s love and support, I really feel as though there needs to be dialogue on how to properly converse with people who may not use “standard” pronouns. I often feel a little sad and carry negative emotions when speaking to those who misgender me. I know that not everyone has the access to being exposed to other walks of life in my small community or at community Friendship Centres and I really want to start a conversation that can allow those to learn and grow to communicate more effectively where future generations won’t have to worry about this and can feel safe and respected in any group.

I can see Friendship Centres as a way to begin having that conversation with those who might not be exposed to gender diverse people like me.

A 2S+ Youth shared, “I’ve been attending the Odawa Friendship Centre for Pow-Wow Power Hour on learning to dance. What speaks to me is that younger people are running it, it feels inclusive which is a different pace to other programming that is usually offered. Feel accepted in this space also encouraged me to attend different events, such as Zumba. It was me with the moms and their kids. What also gets me, is the free food. I love free food.

We also need to have a conversation about how many organizations and companies bring the rainbow-coloured swag items, flags, and decals for June’s Pride Month. However as soon as July hits, rainbow flags are tucked away, decorations removed, etc. We don’t stop being Queer after pride month ends.

I was recently talking to a friend about Kamloopa Powwow and the homophobic and discrimination the 2S community received. Why would we stop our community members from being or embracing who they are and partaking in something that makes their spirit sing?

I feel as though younger people are more encouraging, don’t feel the need to pry, are helpful, don’t assume. From this conversation with my friend, I shared that as a kwe (woman), I want to dance grass. They responded, “No, you can’t. That’s not the way”. You can be traditional and 2S or IndigiQueer. I wish my friend said, “You can have my old bells”, or “I know so and so who can help you”.

Shelby, Indigenous Youth Council

For myself, I didn’t come out bisexual until I was about 12 to my friends and to my mom until I was about 18, but I always knew that I was different. I grew up kind of feeling ashamed at times because the people back then, when I was in my adolescent stage, were very conservative and didn’t approve of anybody different. Everyone had to be Catholic or Christian or very in a straight line, so it was hard to come to terms with it and with my mom, but she now accepts me for who I am, which is great. She understands that I am Two Spirited and I’m very proud about how I came to realize that I am Two Spirited. Growing up was hard not knowing where to fit in and having the people who think very strongly against the LGBTQ+ community. It’s hard not having many supportive people when you’re at that age because you’re still learning and forming your identity.

I’ve always known that I was supposed to be a twin and when my mother was pregnant with me and my twin, she had a miscarriage, or so she thought, and when she went to her ultrasound I was still there. I truly believe that my twin was a male and that he is always

with me because I just I never truly feel alone. I always feel like there is somebody there guiding me, and I’ve felt like that my whole life and to know that I was supposed to be a twin I believe it’s my twin and he lives within me.

Now, with all the changes happening in the world, I’m no longer ashamed and I’m a glad that my community and family are very accepting of LGBTQ+.

After reading a few stories from 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks, how can we build listening skills that honour their lived realities within our own Friendship Centres?

Victoria’s insights and recommendations would be to practice having an open-mind, and telling yourself it’s okay if this doesn’t “make sense” to you right away. Just as these are gender and sexual identities that have existed since time immemorial, colonization has led us to believe that these are new terminologies. Our open minds requires us to show compassion and skills of validating other people’s experiences. To Victoria, the difference between someone trying to show understanding, and an ally, is that everyone has ability to make mistakes but the ally will carve out the space to become accountable for the mistakes made.

Taking Action as an Ally

Friendship Centres and PTAs from coast to coast to coast have unique histories of creating programming, activities, events, policies, safe spaces, and supports that impact 2S+ and IndigiQueer peoples while maintaining their cultural safety.

Discrimination and Assumption-Making of 2SLGBTQQIA+ and IndigiQueer People

Assumptions about IndigiQueer and Two-Spirited folks can lead to erasure and invisibility. For example, as Indigenous people, we are all too familiar with common stereotypes such as not paying taxes and being on welfare.

Within the scope of Indigenous community, 2SLGBTQ+ people can experience an additional layer of stereotyping which leads to invalidating and erasure. When people assume that all Indigenous individuals are heterosexual and cisgender or utilize their perspectives of traditional knowledge to negate someone’s identity, they are erasing the experiences of those who are 2SLGBTQ+ and IndigiQueer. This can lead to a lack of representation and

support for these individuals within both the Indigenous and LGBTQIA+ communities as well as a lack of understanding and acceptance.

Assumptions can also lead to harmful stereotypes and discrimination. When assumptions lead to stereotypes, this can perpetuate discrimination.

Maddi reminds us that many people have internalized homophobia, transphobia, and follow patriarchal mindsets due to settler colonialism. 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks may face forms of discrimination outside, and within, our own communities.

Many IndigiQueer and 2S+ folks do not conform to these learned colonial binaries and “norms”. This discrimination can look like:

• Not being included in certain ceremonies

• Verbal/physical/sexual harassment

• Harmful stereotypes

• Misgendering

In the face of discrimination, how can we ensure safety for 2S+ and IndigiQueer relatives? What interventions can we include in the Friendship Centre Movement? The NAFC is working to provide supports for FCs to support and train their staff and community members – interventions may look different and vary between regions and communities.

Supporting Friendship Centres in Their Steps to Gender Inclusivity

Here, we can ask ourselves:

Do we have 2-Spirit/IndigiQueer people within the staff or on our board?

Do we have policies in place that specifically speak to what action to take when we notice forms of discrimination such as homophobia, transphobia, etc?

How prevalent is our 2-Spirit/IndigiQueer programming that we offer?

How do we know this programming is safe?

Do we have programming and services that are specific and intentional for our 2SLGBTQQIA+ community members? If not, what are my first steps to developing them?

“Cultivating a safe space for a 2S+ person, is cultivating a safe space for all”

- Quote from 2S+ Youth

For the purpose of this toolkit, we will highlight and acknowledge some of the past and current supports that Friendship Centres and PTAs across the country have created for their 2S+ and IndigiQueer members.

If there is uncertainty on where to start to promote inclusivity, we can begin by looking at what other Friendship Centres and PTAs are doing. Please use these examples as inspiration and adapt to what might best fit your approach to delivering supports.

The Pride Committee at the St. John’s Native Friendship Centre created a giant rainbow dreamcatcher that was displayed on their float in the St. John’s Pride Parade on July 17th, 2016. The dreamcatcher ended up being so big that it was expected to break a Guinness World Record. The creation is currently awaiting certification from the Guinness World Records.

The Friendship Centre also hosted a Pride bingo night to raise money for 2SLGBTQQIA+ related activities at the Centre. The committee added a 50/50 draw to its fundraiser to support those affected by the Florida mass shooting at Pulse Nightclub.

https://newjourneys.ca/en/articles/st-john-s-nativefriendship-centre-set-to-break-a-guinness-world-recordwhile-supporting-pride

The Val-d’Or Native Friendship Centre launched the very first Pride festival in Val-d’Or. An estimated 1,500 people participated from May 15th to 17th, 2019. This event featured a karaoke party, a community brunch and the largest drag queen show in the region. Every year during the Fierté Val-d’Or, they take a moment to commemorate Maurice Wabanonik, an Indigenous 2S man who was beaten and killed in 1998 because of his sexual orientation.

Odawa Friendship Centre (ON)

September 1, 2016

In partnership with the Odawa Native Friendship Centre, two local youth’s initiative to create a safe place to work out has flourished. The open gym drop-in program creates a safe space for 2SLGBTQQIA+ folks to utilize the fitness space that might not always be accessible.

https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/odawa-providessafe-space-for-lgbtq-community-to-exercise-in-ottawa/

Aboriginal Friendship Centre of Calgary

August 29, 2022

“Last Friday we had the honour to kick off Calgary Pride with a Two Spirit ceremony, and flag raising. Teachings, ceremony and song were provided by two spirit elders. Many thanks for their knowledge. It is of great importance that we continue to learn and carry on Two Spirit knowledge as it was almost fully lost due to colonialism. Many thanks to the Mayor of Calgary and the CEO of AFCC for their continued support and hard work. #afccproud #twospirit #twospiritpride”

Conayt Friendship Society (BC) provides Youth LGBTQ2+ Support through creating a safe space for those who self identify and allies to support one another. Their poster is below:

Aboriginal Friendship Centres of Saskatchewan November 18, 2021

“Indigenous Women & 2SLGBTQ+ Entrepreneur Information Session”

https://afcs.ca/event/indigenous-women-2slgbtqentrepreneur-information-session/

Maniwaki Native Friendship Centre

June 15, 2022

The Maniwaki Friendship Centre hosted a Paint with Pride night to bring together folks in the community to express themselves through spray paint on canvas.

Red Deer Native Friendship Society January 21, 2021

https://rddcf.ca/red-deer-native-friendship-societyawakens-the-gift-of-two-spirits/

“RDDCF presents $40,000 grant through the Fund for Gender Equality”

“Because of a grant of $40,000 through the Fund for Gender Equality, the Red Deer Native Friendship Society (RDNFS) will be hiring someone to research the unique history and traditional teachings of Two-Spirit people. The teachings will then be shared at ceremonies, bringing awareness of the cultural and spiritual significance of TwoSpirit people back into Central Alberta.”

“RDNFS will be creating a space for Two-Spirit people to explore identity with other Two-Spirit and gender diverse individuals with the support of Elders.”

Annual 2SLGBTQQIA+ Gathering with workshops, celebration, food, and access to local community resources. Over 100 youth attended this year!

Also at VNFC, a monthly 2SLBTQQIA+ youth drop-in, open to allies as well. This drop-in is dedicated to creating safe spaces for our youth to come by and participate in activities such as bowling, movie nights, crafts, journaling, and medicine walks. As well as the opportunity to access harm reduction and sexual health supplies.

Victoria Native Friendship Centre

Newo-Yotina Friendship Centre (SASK) January 26, 2023

2Spirit Parent + Guardian Talking Circle and the Weekly 2Spirit Support Group

Dze L K’ant Friendship Centre (BC) November 14, 2022

“The Dze L K’ant Friendship Centre Society is pleased to announce our Indigenous by Indigenous Two Spirit Program. We will be learning together how to best provide support guided by traditional values. Please join one of the sessions or email to find alternative ways to provide input.”

Building Respectful Relationships with 2S+ and IndigiQueer Organizations in Your Area

1. Cultural Awareness Training: Host cultural awareness training sessions to promote education and awareness on the history and experience of 2S+ and IndigiQueer people. This can include presentations by 2S/IndigiQueer leaders, traditional teachings of your local communities, and open discussions on effective allyship.

2. Intersectionality Exercises: Conduct intersectionality exercises to help people understand how the experiences of 2S/IndigiQueer are shaped by their intersecting identities. This can include discussions on the impact of colonialism, racism, homophobia, transphobia, and ableism.

3. Learning from Real-Life Situations: Just as we’ve seen from 2S and IndigiQueer young folks in this toolkit, you are able to digest lived experiences and deepen your understanding of the complexities that exist within gender, sexual, identities, and Indigeneity.

4. Purposeful Language: Host language activities that explore a variety of pronoun usage, include this on intake forms for programming and services offered, host weekly discussions of impact of language being used in shares spaces.

5. Resource Mapping: Identify resources outside of the Friendship Centre that are available for 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks – you can even partner with them! This can include researching local organizations, service providers, and community groups that offer wholistic supports.

6. Allyship Pledge: When partnering with organizations, or other teams within your Centre, have an allyship pledge that outlines actions to which you will remain accountable to ensure the consideration of 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks in your work moving forward. This can help the space and staff to develop empathy and understanding of IndigiQueer and 2S+ lived experiences.

Overview of Allyship

1. Educate yourself: It is no one else’s responsibility but your own to be accountable to your learning journey.

a) Learn about the history and experiences of 2S+ and IndigiQueer people. This can include the use of this toolkit, the links, and resources within it or finding your own resources, attending workshops and/or conferences, and engaging in conversations with members of the 2S+ community.

2. Use inclusive language:

a) As we have seen from the Exploring Terminology section in this toolkit, we need to be mindful of the language we use when talking about 2S+ and IndigiQueer people.

b) Avoid using derogatory or offensive terms

c) Use respectful language that recognizes and affirms their identity

3. Listen and learn from the community:

a) Make efforts to listen and learn from the experiences of 2S+ and IndigiQueer people. Take the time to understand their perspectives. Honouring and building authentic relationships is paramount.

b) Ask Questions! Use respect and non-intrusiveness to help guide your thoughts and questions.

4. Create Safe Spaces: Create talking circles, surveys, and other ways to ensure that 2S+ people are feeling heard, respected, and welcomed.

a) This can include designating areas as safe spaces

b) Implementing policies, procedures, and updating rules and regulations that reflect the programs and services you provide to promote inclusion and respect.

5. Address Discrimination: take action to address discrimination and prejudice against 2S+ and IndigiQueer folks, especially within the Friendship Centre.

a) This can include creating a specific anti-discrimination policy

b) Training staff on diversity and inclusion

c) Creating a process for reporting and addressing discrimination

6. Celebrate Diversity: Honouring the identities and celebrating 2S+ people can be the most validating experience.

a) Hosting events and activities, as we’ve seen from other Friendship Centres across the Movement.

7. Support the community: providing resources and referrals to 2S+ community members, offering peer support groups, and advocating for their rights and needs.

Being an ally is an ongoing process and requires a commitment to learning, listening, and taking action to create inclusive and supportive environments for all members of the community.

Days of Awareness and Visibility

Days of awareness and visibility for the 2S+ and IndigiQueer communities are important for several reasons:

• Combatting stigma and discrimination: 2S+ and IndigiQueer people have historically faced discrimination, marginalization, and violence due to their sexual orientation and gender identity. Days of visibility and awareness speak to the challenges and issues faced by these communities, challenging stereotypes and promoting acceptance and inclusion.

• Celebrating all identities: 2S+ and IndigiQueer people have diverse experiences, identities, and cultural backgrounds. Days of visibility and awareness provide an opportunity to celebrate and promote cultural understanding and respect.

• Empowerment: there is a difference between celebrating your identity and being empowered by it. When there is opportunity to create visibility and awareness, there is also an opportunity to empower 2S+ and IndigiQueer leadership, build advocacy skills, and build inter-community support.

If you are a non-2S/IndigiQueer person, how would you define your role in supporting the empowerment of gender diverse people? Is there an opportunity to use your privilege in gender and sexuality to support gender diverse folks?

Below is a non-exhaustive list of days of visibility and awareness that exist - can you think of any that might not be included here? Are there any days of visibility and awareness in which your Friendship Centre can promote or develop programming around?

• March 31st: International Trans Day of Visibility

• April 6th: International Asexuality Day

• April 26th: Lesbian Visibility Day

• May 17th: International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia, and Biphobia

• May 24th: Pansexual Visibility

• June: Pride Month

• July 14th: International Non-Binary People’s Day

• 4th Week of September: Gender Equality Week

• September 23rd: Celebrate Bisexuality Day

• October: LGBT History Month

• 3rd Thursday in October: Spirit Day (Anti-Bullying)

• October 8th: International Lesbian Day

• October 11th: National Coming Out Day

• October 18th: International Pronouns Day (3rd Wednesday in October)

• October 23rd-29th: Asexual Awareness Week

• October 26th: Intersex Awareness Day

• 1st Sunday in November: Trans Parent Day

• 2nd Week of November: Transgender Awareness Week

• November 20th: Transgender Day of Remembrance

• November 25th - December 10th: 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence

• December 8th: Pansexual Pride Day

The NAFC will be creating a 2S+ and IndigiQueer Calendar that will include the above mentioned Days of Visibility and Awareness – stay tuned!

Resources

• Two-Spirited People of the First Nations (https://2spirits.org/)

• Niizhaayek Alliance (https://frayme.ca/partners/niizhaayek-alliance)

• Two Spirits in Motion Society (https://2spiritsinmotion.com/)

• Edmonton Two-Spirit Society (https://e2s.ca/)

• Two-Spirited People of Manitoba (https://twospiritmanitoba.ca/)

• Two-Spirit Michif Local (http://2smichiflocal.ca/?)

• Wabanaki Two-Spirit Alliance (http://w2sa.ca/about)

• Native Youth Sexual Health Network (https://www.nativeyouthsexualhealth.com/)

• UNYA - 2 Spirit Collective (https://unya.bc.ca/programs/2-spirit-collective/)

Other Toolkits that exist in support of 2S+ and IndigiQueer spaces

• Celebrating Our Magic Toolkit - Healthy Native Youth (https://www.healthynativeyouth. org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Celebrating-Our-Magic-Toolkit.pdf)

• Tribal Equity Toolkit 3.0 - Tribal Resolutions and Codes to Support Two Spirit & LGBTQ Justice in Indian Country (United States) (https://www.thetaskforce.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/09/TET3.0.pdf)

• Gender Inclusive Language Tool - PHSA (http://www.phsa.ca/transcarebc/ Documents/HealthProf/Gender_Inclusive_Language_General.pdf)

Additional Resources in Development

• Gender Inclusive Washroom Decals

• Printout/ Poster of the 2SLGBTQQIIA+ acronym