ENHANCING THE SPATIAL EXPERIENCE Interweaving Textile, Human, and Architecture
Nanako Tani Master's Thesis Presentation, 7.5.2015 Textile Art & Design Department of Design Aalto University, School of Arts, Design and Architecture Supervisors: Pentti Kareoja / Outi Martikainen
1. Introduction
3.
Roles of Spatial Textiles in Architecture
1.1. Preface
3.1. Functional Roles
1.2. Background
3.1.1. Light Control
1.3. Framing and Context
3.1.2. Temperature Insulation 3.1.3. Acoustic Control
2.
Historical overview
2.1. The Beginnings
3.1.5. Weatherproof
2.2. Prehistoric Spatial Textiles and Ancient Civilizations
3.1.6. Structure Function
2.3. Spatial Textiles of the Middle Ages
2.4 The Renaissance and Emergence of Interior Decoration
2.5 Industrial Revolution and the Arts and Crafts Movement
3.2.1.
Light and Transparency
2.6 Modernist Architects and Textiles
3.2.2.
Spatial Placement and Scale
The Bauhaus
3.2.3.
Pleating and Layering
2.6.2 The Maestros
3.2.4.
Way of Movement
3.2.5. Colors
2.6.1 2.6.3
Other Modern Textiles and Architecture
3.1.4.
3.1.7.
Visual Privacy and Temporary Division
Other Functional Roles
3.2. Aesthetical and Atmospheric Roles
2.7 Finland and Scandinavia: National Romanticism to Modernism
2.8 Textiles as Architecture
3.2.7. Architectural Concept
2.9 Japanese Spatial Textiles
4. Summary
3.2.6.
Textures and Structures
5.
Concept Proposal
5.1. Valonuotti
5.2 Poly-Pod
5.3 IKIRU Edo-komon
6. Conclusion 7. References
1 Introduction 1 Preface 2 Background
1 Introduction 1 Preface 2 Background
Exhibitions & Publications
WHY? WHAT FOR?
1 Introduction 3 Framing and Context
Research Question:
How can textiles be designed and implemented in a way that enhances architectural space and creates interesting relationships between textile – human – architecture?
2 Historical Overview
2 1 The Beginnings
hearth roof enclosure mound
2 1 The Beginnings
hearth roof enclosure mound A Mudhif, or reed house of the Marsh Arabs
Tuareg mat tent
Cloth covered tipi
Top: Bedouin tent; Bottom: Yurt
2 2 Prehistoric Spatial Textiles and Ancient Civilizations
Mosaic from Centocelle, 1C
Draped funeral pyre on Roman consecration medal
Sun shade in front of temple, 80BC
Vela roof of the Colosseum, restruction by Canina, 1851
2 3 Spatial Textiles of the Middle Ages
Dining area, late 15C
Reconstruction of medieval bed
Apocalypse tapestry, France, 14C
2 4 The Renaissance and Emergence of Interior Decoration
Southside House, south London, built 1665
Case curtains and State bed at Dyrham Park
Tent Room, Potsdam, Karl Friedrich Schinkel, after 1826
2 5 Industrial Revolution and the Arts and Crafts Movement
Evenlode, William Morris, 1883
Poppies, C. F. A. Voysey, 1900-05
Tulip and lattice, C. R. Mackintosh
Bed-sitting room, Josef Hoffmann, 1898
Palais Stoclet, Josef Hoffmann, 1905
Lina Loos' bedroom, Adolf Loos
2 6 Modernist Architects and Textiles 1 The Bauhaus
Model Factory, Walter Gropius, Cologne, 1914
Walter Gropius' office, wall hanging by Else Mรถgelin, rug by Gertrud Arndt, 1923
Slit tapestry red/green, Gunta Stรถlzl, 1927-28
Left to right: Free-hanging room divider, Anni Albers, c.1949 Free-hanging screen, Anni Albers, c.1948 Dividing curtain for Harvard Graduate Center, Anni Albers, 1949
2 6 Modernist Architects and Textiles 2 The Maestros
Freeman House, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1923
Left: Tapestries by Le Corbusier, High Court of Justice, Chandigarh Right: Le Pavilion des Temps Nouveaux, Le Corbusier, 1937
Tugendhat House, Mies van der Rohe, 1930
Cafe Samt und Seide, Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, 1927
2 6 Modernist Architects and Textiles 3 Other Modern Textiles and Architecture
Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Mies van der Rohe, 1948-1951
Farnsworth House, Mies van der Rohe, 1945-1951
Lovell Health House, Richard Neutra, 1927
2 7 Finland and Scandinavia: National Romanticism to Modernism
Suur-Merijoki's library, Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen, 1903
Hvittr채sk, Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen, 1902-03
Vuoksenniska Church, Alvar Aalto, 1959-60
Top: Turku Finnish Theatre, Alvar Aalto, 1928 Bottom: Textiles by Alvar Aalto and Elissa Aalto
Textiles by Aino Aalto, 1930s
“...substitute for living nature, for trees, flowers and grass, the presence of which people need in interiors.�
Villa Mairea, Alvar Aalto
Finnish Pavilion, New York World Fair, Alvar Aalto, 1939
2 8 Textiles as Architecture
Top to bottom: German Pavilion, Frei Otto, 1967. Reopening as a research center.
Top: Oasis No.7, Haus-Rucker-Co, 1972. Left: Instant City Airships, Peter Cook, 1970. Right: Fuji Pavilion, Yutaka Murata, 1970.
2 9 Japanese Spatial Textiles
3 Textile Roles in Architectural Space 3.1. Functional Roles 3.1.1. Light Control 3.1.2. Temperature Insulation 3.1.3. Acoustic Control 3.1.4. Visual Privacy and Temporary Division 3.1.5. Weatherproof 3.1.6. Structure Function 3.1.7. Other Functional Roles Textile
3.2. Aesthetical and Atmospheric Roles 3.2.1. Light and Transparency 3.2.2. Spatial Placement and Scale 3.2.3. Pleating and Layering 3.2.4. Way of Movement 3.2.5. Colors 3.2.6. Textures and Structures 3.2.7. Architectural Concept Architecture
Samira Boon
Päivi Gronqvist Maarit Salolainen
Interior Architecture Tiina Parkkinen Jukka Halminen Tiina RytkĂśnen
Outi Martikainen Kristiina Wiherheimo
Mikko Summanen
3 Textile Roles in Architectural Space 3.1. Functional Roles 3.1.1. Light Control 3.1.2. Temperature Insulation 3.1.3. Acoustic Control 3.1.4. Visual Privacy and Temporary Division 3.1.5. Weatherproof 3.1.6. Structure Function 3.1.7. Other Functional Roles Textile
3.2. Aesthetical and Atmospheric Roles 3.2.1. Light and Transparency 3.2.2. Spatial Placement and Scale 3.2.3. Pleating and Layering 3.2.4. Way of Movement 3.2.5. Colors 3.2.6. Textures and Structures 3.2.7. Architectural Concept Architecture
Samira Boon
Päivi Gronqvist Maarit Salolainen
Interior Architecture Tiina Parkkinen Jukka Halminen Tiina RytkĂśnen
Outi Martikainen Kristiina Wiherheimo
Mikko Summanen
3 1 Functional and Technical Roles
"I vote for ... the textile ... [to] be specified as early as
[Currently] the way to use textiles is more for
possible so that it would be sort of a necessity in the
decorative, so I would so much wish that it would go
building, and of course it is the warmth and it is the
together again like it actually was in the beginning.
human thing ... but still it’s also something else." - Maarit Salolainen, 2015
- Päivi GrÜnqvist, 2014
3 1 1 Light Control
3 1 2 Temperature Insulation
3 1 3 Acoustic Control
3 1 4 Visual Privacy and Temporary Division
3 1 5 Weatherproof
3 1 6 Structure Function
3 1 7 Other Functional Roles
3 2 Aesthetic and Atmospheric Roles
“If I’m asked to make something in the house, I never
“[A textile] changes the atmosphere and the room, the
work only for the functional role...”
space...”
- Outi Martikainen, 2014
- Tiina Parkkinen, 2015
3 2 1 Light and Transparency
3 2 2 Spatial Placement and Scale
3 2 3 Pleating and Layering
3 2 4 Way of Movement
3 2 5 Colors
3 2 6 Textures and Structures
3 2 7 Architectural Concept
4 Summary
1. Energy conservation 2. Creating flexible spaces within spaces 3. Renovation and revitalization
5 1 Valonuotti
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
9 hrs 29 min
2 hrs 57 min
East Facade 12:22 Sunlight stops reaching east facade, 53.26°
2:53 Sunrise
10 hrs 5 min
12:20 Sunlight stops reaching east facade, 6.39° 9:23 Sunrise
5 hrs 49 min
South Facade 12:22 Noon, 53,26°
7:20 Sunlight reaches south facade, 27.35° 17:25 Sunlight stops reaching south facade, 27°
12:20 Noon, 6.39° 9:23,15:12 Sunrise, Sunset
Finlandia Hall
National Museum
Helsinki Music Centre
Central Library (2018-)
N Glass Facade Curtain Proposal
Kiasma
Warp: Transparent monofil
Weft yarn ratios:
A
Functional/Technical Roles
Reflective yarn
Reflective (R) 100%
R:S = 2:1
R:S = 1:1
Temperature Insulation
Soft yarn
Light Control (Acoustic Control) (Visual Privacy and Temporary Division) Soft (S) 100% B S:T = 2:1
Light and Transparency (Textures and Structures)
S:T = 1:1
Architectural Concept
C Transparent (T) 100%
South Facade East Facade
Transparent yarn
Aesthetic/Atmospheric Roles
Warp: Transparent monofil
Weft yarn ratios:
A
Functional/Technical Roles
Reflective yarn
Reflective (R) 100%
R:S = 2:1
R:S = 1:1
Temperature Insulation
Soft yarn
Light Control (Acoustic Control) (Visual Privacy and Temporary Division) Soft (S) 100% B S:T = 2:1
Light and Transparency (Textures and Structures)
S:T = 1:1
Architectural Concept
C Transparent (T) 100%
South Facade East Facade
Transparent yarn
Aesthetic/Atmospheric Roles
Summer / From interior
Summer / From exterior
Nighttime / From interior
Nighttime / From exterior
Sound absorption
Sunlight reflection
Light diffusion
Privacy
♩
♩
→
→
5 2 Poly-Pod
TextielLab in Tilburg, Netherlands
Functional/Technical Roles
=
Acoustic Control Structure Function Visual Privacy and Temorary Division One unit
Aesthetic/Atmospheric Roles Spatial Placement and Scale Colors
→
Textures and Structures
→
5 3 IKIRU Edo-komon
Tradition x Technology ?
→
6 Conclusion
Why can textiles enhance architectural space? 1. Soft and tactile textiles bring warmth and a sense similar to the "home" Textiles are more durable than other natural materials Textiles have both functional and aesthetic roles that improve architectural environments 2. There is an abundant resource of textiles old and new Each textile has its own character and sense of time