Enhancing the Spatial Experience -Interweaving Textile, Human and Architecture

ENHANCING THE SPATIAL EXPERIENCE Interweaving Textile, Human, and Architecture

Nanako Tani Master's Thesis Presentation, 7.5.2015 Textile Art & Design Department of Design Aalto University, School of Arts, Design and Architecture Supervisors: Pentti Kareoja / Outi Martikainen

1. Introduction

3.

Roles of Spatial Textiles in Architecture

1.1. Preface

3.1. Functional Roles

1.2. Background

3.1.1. Light Control

1.3. Framing and Context

3.1.2. Temperature Insulation 3.1.3. Acoustic Control

2.

Historical overview

2.1. The Beginnings

3.1.5. Weatherproof

2.2. Prehistoric Spatial Textiles and Ancient Civilizations

3.1.6. Structure Function

2.3. Spatial Textiles of the Middle Ages

2.4 The Renaissance and Emergence of Interior Decoration

2.5 Industrial Revolution and the Arts and Crafts Movement

3.2.1.

Light and Transparency

2.6 Modernist Architects and Textiles

3.2.2.

Spatial Placement and Scale

The Bauhaus

3.2.3.

Pleating and Layering

2.6.2 The Maestros

3.2.4.

Way of Movement

3.2.5. Colors

2.6.1 2.6.3

Other Modern Textiles and Architecture

3.1.4.

3.1.7.

Visual Privacy and Temporary Division

Other Functional Roles

3.2. Aesthetical and Atmospheric Roles

2.7 Finland and Scandinavia: National Romanticism to Modernism

2.8 Textiles as Architecture

3.2.7. Architectural Concept

2.9 Japanese Spatial Textiles

4. Summary

3.2.6.

Textures and Structures

5.

Concept Proposal

5.1. Valonuotti

5.2 Poly-Pod

5.3 IKIRU Edo-komon

6. Conclusion 7. References

1 Introduction 1 Preface 2 Background

1 Introduction 1 Preface 2 Background

Exhibitions & Publications

WHY? WHAT FOR?

1 Introduction 3 Framing and Context

Research Question:

How can textiles be designed and implemented in a way that enhances architectural space and creates interesting relationships between textile – human – architecture?

2 Historical Overview

2 1 The Beginnings

hearth roof enclosure mound

2 1 The Beginnings

hearth roof enclosure mound A Mudhif, or reed house of the Marsh Arabs

Tuareg mat tent

Cloth covered tipi

Top: Bedouin tent; Bottom: Yurt

2 2 Prehistoric Spatial Textiles and Ancient Civilizations

Mosaic from Centocelle, 1C

Draped funeral pyre on Roman consecration medal

Sun shade in front of temple, 80BC

Vela roof of the Colosseum, restruction by Canina, 1851

2 3 Spatial Textiles of the Middle Ages

Dining area, late 15C

Reconstruction of medieval bed

Apocalypse tapestry, France, 14C

2 4 The Renaissance and Emergence of Interior Decoration

Southside House, south London, built 1665

Case curtains and State bed at Dyrham Park

Tent Room, Potsdam, Karl Friedrich Schinkel, after 1826

2 5 Industrial Revolution and the Arts and Crafts Movement

Evenlode, William Morris, 1883

Poppies, C. F. A. Voysey, 1900-05

Tulip and lattice, C. R. Mackintosh

Bed-sitting room, Josef Hoffmann, 1898

Palais Stoclet, Josef Hoffmann, 1905

Lina Loos' bedroom, Adolf Loos

2 6 Modernist Architects and Textiles 1 The Bauhaus

Model Factory, Walter Gropius, Cologne, 1914

Walter Gropius' office, wall hanging by Else Mรถgelin, rug by Gertrud Arndt, 1923

Slit tapestry red/green, Gunta Stรถlzl, 1927-28

Left to right: Free-hanging room divider, Anni Albers, c.1949 Free-hanging screen, Anni Albers, c.1948 Dividing curtain for Harvard Graduate Center, Anni Albers, 1949

2 6 Modernist Architects and Textiles 2 The Maestros

Freeman House, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1923

Left: Tapestries by Le Corbusier, High Court of Justice, Chandigarh Right: Le Pavilion des Temps Nouveaux, Le Corbusier, 1937

Tugendhat House, Mies van der Rohe, 1930

Cafe Samt und Seide, Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, 1927

2 6 Modernist Architects and Textiles 3 Other Modern Textiles and Architecture

Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Mies van der Rohe, 1948-1951

Farnsworth House, Mies van der Rohe, 1945-1951

Lovell Health House, Richard Neutra, 1927

2 7 Finland and Scandinavia: National Romanticism to Modernism

Suur-Merijoki's library, Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen, 1903

Hvittr채sk, Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen, 1902-03

Vuoksenniska Church, Alvar Aalto, 1959-60

Top: Turku Finnish Theatre, Alvar Aalto, 1928 Bottom: Textiles by Alvar Aalto and Elissa Aalto

Textiles by Aino Aalto, 1930s

“...substitute for living nature, for trees, flowers and grass, the presence of which people need in interiors.�

Villa Mairea, Alvar Aalto

Finnish Pavilion, New York World Fair, Alvar Aalto, 1939

2 8 Textiles as Architecture

Top to bottom: German Pavilion, Frei Otto, 1967.

Reopening as a research center.

Top: Oasis No.7, Haus-Rucker-Co, 1972.

Left: Instant City Airships, Peter Cook, 1970.

Right: Fuji Pavilion, Yutaka Murata, 1970.

2 9 Japanese Spatial Textiles

3 Textile Roles in Architectural Space 3.1. Functional Roles 3.1.1.

Light Control 3.1.2.

Temperature Insulation 3.1.3.

Acoustic Control 3.1.4. Visual Privacy and Temporary Division 3.1.5.

Weatherproof 3.1.6.

Structure Function 3.1.7. Other Functional Roles Textile

3.2.

Aesthetical and Atmospheric Roles 3.2.1. Light and Transparency 3.2.2. Spatial Placement and Scale 3.2.3. Pleating and Layering 3.2.4. Way of Movement 3.2.5.

Colors 3.2.6. Textures and Structures 3.2.7.

Architectural Concept Architecture

Samira Boon

Päivi Gronqvist Maarit Salolainen

Interior Architecture Tiina Parkkinen Jukka Halminen Tiina RytkĂśnen

Outi Martikainen Kristiina Wiherheimo

Mikko Summanen

3 Textile Roles in Architectural Space 3.1. Functional Roles 3.1.1.

Light Control 3.1.2.

Temperature Insulation 3.1.3.

Acoustic Control 3.1.4. Visual Privacy and Temporary Division 3.1.5.

Weatherproof 3.1.6.

Structure Function 3.1.7. Other Functional Roles Textile

3.2.

Aesthetical and Atmospheric Roles 3.2.1. Light and Transparency 3.2.2. Spatial Placement and Scale 3.2.3. Pleating and Layering 3.2.4. Way of Movement 3.2.5.

Colors 3.2.6. Textures and Structures 3.2.7.

Architectural Concept Architecture

Samira Boon

Päivi Gronqvist Maarit Salolainen

Interior Architecture Tiina Parkkinen Jukka Halminen Tiina RytkĂśnen

Outi Martikainen Kristiina Wiherheimo

Mikko Summanen

3 1 Functional and Technical Roles

"I vote for ... the textile ... [to] be specified as early as

[Currently] the way to use textiles is more for

possible so that it would be sort of a necessity in the

decorative, so I would so much wish that it would go

building, and of course it is the warmth and it is the

together again like it actually was in the beginning.

human thing ... but still it’s also something else."

- Maarit Salolainen, 2015

- Päivi GrÜnqvist, 2014

3 1 1 Light Control

3 1 2 Temperature Insulation

3 1 3 Acoustic Control

3 1 4 Visual Privacy and Temporary Division

3 1 5 Weatherproof

3 1 6 Structure Function

3 1 7 Other Functional Roles

3 2 Aesthetic and Atmospheric Roles

“If I’m asked to make something in the house, I never

“[A textile] changes the atmosphere and the room, the

work only for the functional role...”

space...”

- Outi Martikainen, 2014

- Tiina Parkkinen, 2015

3 2 1 Light and Transparency

3 2 2 Spatial Placement and Scale

3 2 3 Pleating and Layering

3 2 4 Way of Movement

3 2 5 Colors

3 2 6 Textures and Structures

3 2 7 Architectural Concept

4 Summary

1. Energy conservation 2. Creating flexible spaces within spaces 3. Renovation and revitalization

5 1 Valonuotti

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice

9 hrs 29 min

2 hrs 57 min

East Facade 12:22 Sunlight stops reaching east facade, 53.26°

2:53 Sunrise

10 hrs 5 min

12:20 Sunlight stops reaching east facade, 6.39° 9:23 Sunrise

5 hrs 49 min

South Facade 12:22 Noon, 53,26°

7:20 Sunlight reaches south facade, 27.35° 17:25 Sunlight stops reaching south facade, 27°

12:20 Noon, 6.39° 9:23,15:12 Sunrise, Sunset

Finlandia Hall

National Museum

Helsinki Music Centre

Central Library (2018-)

N Glass Facade Curtain Proposal

Kiasma

Warp: Transparent monofil

Weft yarn ratios:

A

Functional/Technical Roles

Reflective yarn

Reflective (R) 100%

R:S = 2:1

R:S = 1:1

Temperature Insulation

Soft yarn

Light Control (Acoustic Control) (Visual Privacy and Temporary Division) Soft (S) 100% B S:T = 2:1

Light and Transparency (Textures and Structures)

S:T = 1:1

Architectural Concept

C Transparent (T) 100%

South Facade East Facade

Transparent yarn

Aesthetic/Atmospheric Roles

Warp: Transparent monofil

Weft yarn ratios:

A

Functional/Technical Roles

Reflective yarn

Reflective (R) 100%

R:S = 2:1

R:S = 1:1

Temperature Insulation

Soft yarn

Light Control (Acoustic Control) (Visual Privacy and Temporary Division) Soft (S) 100% B S:T = 2:1

Light and Transparency (Textures and Structures)

S:T = 1:1

Architectural Concept

C Transparent (T) 100%

South Facade East Facade

Transparent yarn

Aesthetic/Atmospheric Roles

Summer / From interior

Summer / From exterior

Nighttime / From interior

Nighttime / From exterior

Sound absorption

Sunlight reflection

Light diffusion

Privacy

♩

♩

→

→

5 2 Poly-Pod

TextielLab in Tilburg, Netherlands

Functional/Technical Roles

=

Acoustic Control Structure Function Visual Privacy and Temorary Division One unit

Aesthetic/Atmospheric Roles Spatial Placement and Scale Colors

→

Textures and Structures

→

5 3 IKIRU Edo-komon

Tradition x Technology ?

→

6 Conclusion

Why can textiles enhance architectural space?

1. Soft and tactile textiles bring warmth and a sense similar to the "home" Textiles are more durable than other natural materials Textiles have both functional and aesthetic roles that improve architectural environments 2. There is an abundant resource of textiles old and new Each textile has its own character and sense of time