HEJ Times

HEJ TIMES The United States, why an as much dreamed destination?

« The United States is the country of the immensity with a territory of 9 629 048 km2 and 320 206 000 inhabitants. But it is not only the territory which is bigger; in fact in the United States everything is greater. Whether it is due to the natural landscapes as natural as Grand Canyon or impressive skyscrapers of New York or in plates with huge hamburgers and coffees cuts XL.

It is the first observation which attracts a lot of people; see there quite bigger has always made us dream. But the atypical landscapes which we find are another reason which makes the United States, the enviable destination. The wonderful landscapes such as the desert of the Nevada, the beaches of Florida, Time Square, take only the breathe to see photos on the internet then imagine in reality. But the American immensity and the beautiful landscapes are not only thing which temps to rush to buy a plane ticket. The American way of life referred to the principles developed in the Declaration of Independence of the United States: the life, the freedom and the research for happiness. To go to the United State it is to reach all this. But even more still, it is to live in the American-style that attracts, to walk with an enormous Starbucks and a big hamburger in the hand. To eat a Big Mac is not the only thing that the American transmitted us, the music is another culture absorbed by the rest of the world. It is over there that were born the great such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Eminem and also stars like the biggest DJ such as Skrillex or Carl Craig. When we listen to this American music, we tell ourselves that living on the place where immersed these artists who fascinates us, would be madness. The attraction felt by the whole world for this extraordinary continent is big part left to the American series. And yes, it is the Americans again who made us dream for hours stretched out on our sofa, in front of our screen. But there is no paradisiac vision which intrigues, the mysterious subjects such as freemasons or Chicago and his mafias attracts our curiosity.

We could again name it the other world so much we see it full of places and any only things there. It is the county where everything is possible and where the limits don’t exist.

You too dreamed to put on your backpack and to travel in the United States, then come on I am taking to the states through this newspaper and its different articles.»

Content Pages Page 1

USA, a wealthy territory time square

Page 2

Trump The Freemassons in USA Page 3

The world’s jukebox Top 3 TV Shows Page 4

Studying in usa Unnecessary Knowledge Page 5

MLS Rodeo & Art Page 6

Chicago & Mafia

© Thomas Hawk

Chloé Garcia Dorrey, HEJ TIMES Editor

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The United States of America, a wealthy territory Even though the United States of America are maybe more famous for their economic power, their politic and musical lifes, people forget too often their landscapes. Stretching on 9 857 000 square kilometers, this country is chock-full of different types of landscapes.

The West Coast

The West Coast, bordering the Pacific Ocean, is composed by four states. California, the most famous, is located to the south of the Oregon state, and to the west of Nevada.

California shines by musics and cinemas industries in Los Angeles, but also by the good climate and the landscapes.

How many people haven’t ever dreamed to walk around the Hollywood sign ?

The fine sandy beaches in Santa Monica with their volleyball areas are incredible.

Not far away from the town center, there are big greens prairies... To the North, there is San Francisco, well known for its ecological layout. Nevada, touristic thanks to Las Vegas, is another type of nature, making a transition between the West Coast and...

The Far West

the landscape are unique. The Grand Canyon, in Arizona, offers a wonderful view. The high moutains are separated by the Colorado river, and inhabited by cute squirrels. There are many other canyons around. The Bryce one, where the snow fell down on rock stalagmites, the Antelope one, where the walls seem to dance... The villages around, with the Indian culture, are also nice to see.

The center of USA

The center of the USA is a little bit isolated from the other states. And for good reason, this is the less touristic region. In the South Dakota, there are the famous Rushmore moutains, with the statues representing four famous presidents. In general, the heart is quite rural, without sparkle and sequins.

The East South

The transition is made by the famous 66 Road, where there is the Bagdad Cafe. The red earth road and

A paradisiacal area, Florida.

The most famous city is obviously Miami.

A warm climate, the beach with the blue

sea, palm trees, the colored sunset...

No wonder why celebrities have villas there... Lousiana, less known but equally charming, is more rural than Florida. This is another world The East Coast

The East Coast is the economical and political center of the USA, with the presence of New York and Washington DC. Far away from the vast prairies, the architecture of the cities are anyway pleasant to see. The town center of New York, full of huge screens and cinemas, seem to be unreal. Moreover, winter is a good period because the New York lakes are always frozen.

The United States of America is maybe the most loved country for its landscapes and cultures, and people don’t really have to wonder why. All these riches show also why this country is really strong in arts, economy, technology...

Yeelen Ravier

TIME SQUARE Time Square is a district of New York city, nicknamed «Crossroads of the world » Time Square is one of the most famous places in the world, approximately 365 000 people meet there every day.

Formerly called «Longacre Square» it was renamed to Time Square following the setting-up of the New York Times.

Time Square became fast a place where theaters and fashionable hotels gathered.

During 1930s further to the stock market crash the district became gradually occupied by prostitution, porn cinemas and souvenir shops, but in the middle of 1990s, the new mayor Rudolph Giuliani implemented devices to close sex shops. Prostitution, crime and criminality were eradicated by the policy « zero tolerance ».

New York « the city which never sleeps » which is represented by this square of Time Square with its tons of stores and its enormous advertising signs for cars, series or plays. Example: the advertising hoarding of Nasdaq markets revealed in 2000 its construction cost more than 37 million dollars, this 36,6 meters high advertising is in fact the biggest display in LED in the world.

© Jan Jernmark

Companies situated on Time Square The inevitable Coca-Cola is represented as well as Chevrolet, the Forever 21 store, The Hard rock Cafe, Disney Store, of M&M’s World all these big multinationals in the priceless budgets.

Time Square was also the place where several movies were shot such as Spider-Man, I am a legend, Once upon a time, Men in Black, in 2012 and Captain America: the First Avenger. As for the video games GTA IV or even at the moment when the new game of Clancy’s Ubisoft Tom The Division which comes out on March 8th in France The square where yellow taxis stream and do not stop drawing attention.

Lucas Morel

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Donald Trump :

an uncommon candidate.

Americans people know him since the end of the Firstly, the public opinion saw his application as we can see he is now one of favorite person for give a portrayal of this man, Donald Trump, the

sixties as a millionaire business man and a king of showbiz. a joke or a moment of madness. Nine months later and become the next president of the united states. Today, we most unpopular candidate for the international community.

The business man

The politician

Before his political career Donald Trump was already know as the biggest business man of the USA. His company, The Trump Organization, inherit from his dad, is effective in a lot of fields. Property business, hotel trade, tourism, golf course, Trump is now known as a big name in market business. In 2000, he is rich enough to own many buildings like Trump Tower, the Trump Taj, Mahal or the Trump University. He own his fame to his production agency The Trump Entertainment Resorts in partnership with the channel NBC. This society head beauty competition like Miss USA, Miss Teen USA, Miss Univers and the tv show The Apprentice.

Last summer, Trump become in the highlight of the political stage for became the official first candidate for the republican primary.

A

way to

Understand

He is known as an outrageous person. Each Trump’s speech become a big show and in the same time, protest march all around the world. His dream of success deserve a strong political program and Trump don’t exactly did it. He made a lot of promises, but specialists think he is irrational and his reform too abstract. His program content a lot of discriminatory reforms. According to him, « the mexicans only bring drugs rapes and criminals » in the USA. He wants to build a wall between the two country.

He made an other scandal with islamophobic declarations. He wants to forbid enter in USA to muslim.

He said that people have to wear a

a little more

weapon for their own protection.

However, he seducts a lot of people, according to the Super Tuesday, he would propably win the primary with 49% of favorable opinion.We can suppose he pass his challenge by using the fear of the population, immigration, workless crises, health need.

If Trump access to the White House, the USA will know a big change inside the country and with the international community. Knowing that In less 24 hours, 200 000 person sign a petition to forbid Trump’s access to United Kingdom.

But please, can we talk about his ridiculous haircut ?

Khadidja Douga Anaïs Hillion

: Freemasons in the USA

The freemasonry is a sectarian community which appeared in 1598 in Scotland. There is no exact definition, but we can suppose that the freemasons aim at looking for the truth and at studying morality and solidarity. It is a very secret community which includes several thousand people in the world. To enter inside, there are initiation rites the composition of which nobody knows except from the freemasons. All over the world we count about 6 million freemasons among whom 2/3 are in the United States. According to American states we find buildings of various architectures in streets conscripts “masonic Temple” where we can find Big Changing rooms.

Every state possesses a temple. The temple depends on the period, the rites done and the degree of masonry.

But what do they do?

The freemasons meet twice a month in their temples, read and comment the researches which they would have made, the whole in a ceremonial called ritual. From time to time they make polite and flat release to denounce some injustices known for all and to defend secularism, which they consider in danger. They rarely agree between them. They are divided into several groups: those who believe in god, those who do not feel grateful, those who do not want to see a single woman at their home, those who want to see it, those who do not want that women do the same as them… They think they hold the truth on societies and live in a particular way, or as in the older days or as in the modern time, it is as to say very close finances and companies.

Pauline Faure

The music of the United States reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish, Mexican, and Cuban music traditions among others. The Country has the world’s largest music market with a total retail value of 4,481.8 million dollars in 2012,and its music is heard around the world.

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USA : The world’s jukebox

The success of the U.S.A music come from the beauty of the lyrics of every songs , for the others whatever the lyrics the beauty of the songs come from the language because words sounds better in English.

Anyway The success of American music remains since years . In the ranking of best 175 sold album in the world the 98 are only from USA and the 77, from others countries.There are several kind of music in the USA but let’s focus on the principal : Rap/Hip Hop , Rock, Pop , R&B that made the USA music industry so powerful .

Rap / Hip Hop

Rock N’ Roll

Pop It!

Hip hop music,is a music genre formed in the United States in the 1970s that consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. The most popular kind of rap and hip hop music always been the Gangsta rap and West coast Hip hop .It is a subgenre of hip hop that reflects the violent lifestyles of inner-city American black youths. The genre was pioneered in the mid-1980s The group N.W.A. This group most frequently associated with the founding of gangsta rap. Their lyrics were more violent, openly confrontational, and shocking than those of established rap acts, featuring incessant profanity and, controversially, use of the word «nigger».To understand the whole story of Gangsta rap that is one of the most interesting kind of music in the world let’s watch the biographical drama movie “Straight Outta Compton “ that chronicles the rise and fall of the group N.W.A. Released on August 14, 2015 received positive reviews from critics and made over $201 million worldwide .

One of the notable thing about US rap are the lyrics. Indeed its cause much controversy because those lyrics are half full of taboo words and video clip that sometimes contain scenes that is some way promoting sex especially half bare women wiggle in subjective way. Thiat’s another fact that make feminist angry. Anyway as long as creative freedom lives on we will continue to watch boobs and buttocks in those clips.

Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock ‘n’ roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s,from a combination of African-American genres such as blues, boogie woogie, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music,together with Western swing and country music.Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s,the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s.

Many early rock and roll songs dealt with issues of cars, school, dating, and clothing. The lyrics of rock and roll songs described events and conflicts that most listeners could relate to through personal experience. Topics such as sex that had generally been considered taboo began to appear in rock and roll lyrics. This new music tried to break boundaries and express emotions that people were actually feeling but had not talked about.

Pop music,a term derives from «popular» is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the Western world during the 1950s and 1960s, deriving from rock and roll.

Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music. Identifying factors include generally short songs written in a basic format as well as the common employment of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks. the term «pop music» «originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles.Since the late 1950s, however, pop had the special meaning of non-classical music, usually in the form of songs, performed by artists such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc.

After what Pop music has been dominated

by Americans (from the mid-1960s) with the first biggest pop artists in the U.S.A like Michael Jackson or Madonna.

Nowadays the great influences of pop music still in the U.S.A : The girly touch with Taylor Swift , The lover touch with Justin Bieber and the groovy touch with Maroon5.

The famous one , the legend of the kind still ELVIS PRESLEY .Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as «the King of Rock and Roll», or simply, «the King». How to forget his incredible style : a deep voice, an original clothing style and his dancing style . By the way he was really handsome…. ;)

R&B, RnB, Randbeee R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. R&B originated at the end of the disco era, in the late 1970s, when Michael Jackson and Quincy Jones added more electronics elements to the black music sound of the time to create a smoother dancefloor-friendly sound.

R&B acts such as Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson and Toni Braxton are some of the bestselling music artists of all time.

Continuing from the 1990s and early 2000s, R&B, like many other genres, drew influences from the technical innovations of the time and began to incorporate more electronic and instruments. The use of effects such as Autotune and new computerized synths have given R&B a more futuristic feel while still attempting to incorporate many of the genre’s common themes such as love and relationships.

The evolutions of the genre’s production and instrumentation have spurred the successes of performers such as Beyoncé, John Legend, Frank Ocean, Pharrell Williams, Miguel, Janelle Monáe, Chris Brown, Tamar Braxton, The Weeknd, Ariana Grande and Tinashe, who have embraced new electronic influences and kept R&B’s original feel.

Khadidja Douga

Top 3 of Americans TV shows to watch

The United States make, certainly, one of countries seen as a utopia. « American Way of life », in particular series are domains on the American Soft Power, and so, our life. The United States have many series ; but there are cult series which we can inevitably miss. A selection of three series according their kind was realized, with, naturally, criticism in the key to help you during the viewing.

Pretty Little Liars

Homeland

Breaking Bad

The proverb « as you sow so you shall reap » and dictate « the truth always resurface » stick perfectly on the dramatic series for teenagers.

This series reveals us the return of an American soldier, Bordy. The agent of CIA Carrie Mathison is convinced that the hero became in reality a spy for the enemy, preparing the next terrorist attack on the American ground.

Without real proof,Carrie is going to have to fight to prove that what she says is the reality.

Full of emotion series as the main actor, Walter White who becomes fast connecting, works as cleaner of cars and professor of chemistry to provide for needs of his pregnant wife, Skyler and of his handicapped son « Flynn », Walter White Junior.

Aria, Hanna, Spencer and Emily understood it. By receiving messages of their friend who disappeared one year earlier, Alison, or it is what we think, they are facing, in reality, the face of an unknown person who use tracking and blackmailing. Are they not simply paying the price of their past errors ?

Besides the stereotypical characters, Aria, the « Gothic doll », Hanna, the superficial blonde who often acts without thinking of consequences, Alison, « queen » of the high school, Emily, character whom the realisator defends the homosexuality, and Spencer, the intelligent teenager who tries to rebel, we can imagine ourselves in the skin of every character.

The psychology of sergeant Brody and Carrie give sense to the story. Tortured by the terrorist group Al-Qaida, who, we understand it, uses the syndrome of Stockholm to arrive at their end, we associate their act with what takes place daily in our society. Through these horrors, we are facing scenes nevertheless very real.

Carrie can be easily connected to the paranoia.

But can her actions be justified?

Nevertheless, in 50 years, reached of incurable cancer of lungs, he does not let down; he wants that his family lives an easy and happy life in spite of his absence. The role of a real so brave father as hard-working is associated with him with merit With his ex student Jesse, they make and sell of « crystal meth» in and old camper. We assist to events as funny as pathetic. These five series so different as they are, have however an extraordinary common point: that to hang on the spectator on the story.

So, you should not delude with illusion: « life is not a bed of roses » and « Breaking Bad » and « Homeland » testify of it with the sometimes dark reality..

Céline Latchimy

Studying in USA (when you are a French girl)!

Romane, 23 YO, Student

Hi sweetie! Why did you go and study in USA? How long did you stay for?

I decided to study in the USA for one year, right after that I got my high school diploma.

I wasn’t sure about what I wanted to do after high school, therefore I decided to go one year abroad in order to give myself time to think about my future plans while getting a high level in English as well as an international experience.

facilities...).

Also, the culture is different. The friends I made there in Winona State University (Minnesota) were quite expressive! Always up for good fun, always positive... But when it was time to watch a romantic movie, or time to say goodbye, it was difficult not to see them crying. I realized that the French do not express as much their emotions as the Americans do.

Did

you

Was the language barrier an obstacle?

This year in the United States wasn’t my first experience abroad. I have had the opportunity to travel before and I have done some exchange programs (Canada and Pennsylvania), in order to discover new cultures and get a better English level.

But those exchanges were only for a month. Not for a year. Therefore, there were some language barriers at first, but it quickly disappeared.

In France we think the Americans are “too much” , is that true?

It is known that everything is bigger in America: Buildings, reactions and emotions...From my experience, I would say that it is true.

First, I was on a campus that was a “small” campus as they said. But as soon as I arrived, I was very impressed about how big the campus was. The first thing I thought was “I will get lost!”. It had about 8 buildings and each one was built for a specific domain (media, language, sport

Denver, Colorado: the largest number of beers locally brewed.

In the United States , those who go to mass every week have twice more risks of being obese that those who do not go to church

Atlanta,

hear

about French «clichés»?

Which ones?

Obviously! That was a good conversation topic for mocking me several times ;) “Do you have snow in France?” “Do you ever wear sweatpants?!” – “But don’t you feel uncomfortable in jeans?” “Why do you put makeup on every day?”

“Why do you make yourself so pretty every morning?”

When I settled on the campus, some girls came to see all my clothes in my closet! I even managed to sell some of my outfits to American friends before going back home! I also tried to eat healthy (salads for lunch and trying not to get more food during the day- after lunch or after dinner), and some of my friends didn’t understand that. So I guess the culture is quite different between the French and the Americans.

What

is the difference between studying in

America and in France?

There are a few cultural differences when studying in France and studying in America.

The statue of Liberty was designed by a French man and its real name is « freedom lighting the world »

First, I only had 12 hours of class per week which gave me a lot of free hours. This free time was also important to study the courses.

In America, the way of studying is different than in France. You have few hours of classes, however, you are supposed to read the lesson before you come to class and do some research and some more work during your free time.

Therefore, it is easier to follow what is said during the class as you have already done some research about the topic and more.

Finally, there is a closer relationship between the teacher and the student. For instance, we were asked to call the teacher with his/her first name, thus, it removes a formal barrier so that the student and the teacher are on an equal position.

Also, instructors have a different way of teaching.

First they encourage, compliment the student what was good in his/her work, and then the tutor will let him know how he or she can improve to get a higher grade.

If you have the chance to go back studying in USA, will you do it?

If I had the opportunity to go back

studying or working in the USA, I would do it for sure.

This year in the USA was an amazing experience, professionally and personally. Also this time abroad enabled me to create good relationships with other international students (USA, Japan, Peru, Venezuela, Finland…)

Questions by Adrian Guigue and Céline Latchimy Interview by Anaïs Hillion

The yellow color of the New York taxis is not a coincidence.

A study led in 1915 by the university of Chicago conclude that yellow is easier to distinguish whatever the distance and to memorize.

Unnecessary Knowledge

The Declaration of independence of the United States of the American Constitution was written on some hemp paper.

Trenton, New Jersey William Taft, the 27th president of the United States, had a bathtub built to adapt his impressive size as he was obese. One day, he was found stuck inside.

Georgia

capital of hip-hop

The turquoise blue color of the statue of Liberty is not its real color. Although never painted, it is the color base of the copper.

The oxidation due to its location gives it this color.

A porn movie is realized every half an hour in the United States

A restaurant in Pennsylvania proposes to his customers a 6,75 kg hamburger which holds the current record on the subject

Even if it seems strange to us, French people, there is no shutter in New York!

Lola Rourret Chloé Garcia Dorrey

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5

Major League Soccer

Major League Soccer or MLS is a professional soccer league which represents the sport’s highest level both in the United States and Canada. The league is composed of 20 teams, 17 in the US and 3 in Canada. The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams. But, the league lost millions of dollars and teams used to play in almost empty American football stadiums. Since then, MLS has expanded to 20 teams and has built their own soccer stadiums. The league is now profitable. Major League Soccer’s regular season runs from March to October. Teams are divided between the Eastern and Western Conferences

In contrast to European championships, the US league owns the players contracts. So, every club benefits from a payroll to share between the players. This salary cap got to 3 100 000$ in 2014. The teams are not allowed to have more than 30 players under contract. Minimum wage is 48 500$ while maximum is 387 500$.

However, there is one exception to this rule, the Beckham’s rule. It means that every club can pay up to three players more than allowed. Players who benefit from this rule are, for example, Pirlo, David Villa, Lampard and Didier Drogba.

Prize List Portland’s team won the championships in 2015. It is the only coronation in its history. Los Angeles Galaxy is the team which won the most finals in MLS history.

This club was worth 240M$ in 2015, according to the magazine Forbes, just behind Sounders FC which was worth 245M$.

Concerning the top scorers in the history of the MLS, we find in first position Landon Donovan (144 goals) who is also the best boatman (136), a real legend in the United States.

However, Donovan is not the player who has played most games in MLS. The winner of that score is the player Kevin Hartman which played 416.

Geoffrey Helly d’Angelin

Rodeo : The American

Art.

The origins of rodeo go back to early days of the American cattle industry. In the 17th century, the first cattle keepers with Spanish origins were known as the « vaqueros ». In the 18th and 19th centuries took place the first settling of « the cattle barons » and the fast increase of cattle trade. Originally, Rodeo was an annual gathering of large herds of plains in the west where the animals were counted, tagged and taken to the city. The cowboys had the opportunity to compete in informal contests in bronc riding or capture cattle roping. The first evidence of rodeo dated from that time.With the arrival of roads, expansion of railways and the introduction of fence ended the great roundup in the late 19th century. The presence of cowboys also decreased in those regions.

However, the tradition of rodeo lasted. The first official rodeo event in the United States took place in Cheyenne, Wyoming, in 1872. They were encouraged by bonuses offered by ranchers and rivalries between cities. Rodeos quickly became very popular in western American. A new phenomenon appeared to save the cowboys, the Wild West Show. This is a mid-theatre show in mid-competition with a phenomenal success. The unemployed cowboys went from rodeos to rodeos, the cowboys lived on earned bonuses and as it became a national sport, they became the first professionals. Today, official rodeo events consist of riding on a wild saddled or bareback horse or bull for 8 seconds and roping a calf. There are also barrel races reserved for female riders.

The disciplines in rodeo competition Riding a wild horse without a saddle

Bull riding

Calf roping

Barrel racing

This discipline is physically the most exhausting. Indeed, the cowboy must stay on his wild horse equipped only with a harness and a handle. While he is riding his horse, the cowboy must stay as much as possible on the horse holding up one hand.To qualify, the cowboy must stay on the horse eight seconds. Two judges will give points, one half for style and mastery of the cowboy and the other half for the performance of the frame. Being in harmony with his horse enables to get a better score.This discipline, designed especially for show appearance, is now the most popular with the public but it has nothing to do any more with the hard job of rancher.

The cowboy must hold for eight seconds with one hand surrounded by a bull rope.

The rope is attached to a bell surrounding the body of the bull. The cowboy must at no time touch the equipment, the animal or himself with his free hand.

It is not necessary for the cowboy to spur the bull, but if it does, the judges will give him a better score. At the end of his performance, the cowboy will be for some time known for riding this aggressive and unpredictable bull. This discipline is probably the most spectacular but also the most dangerous of all disciplines.

This discipline requires good coordination between horse and rider, great rapidity of movement and a close-to-perfect command of the lasso. The cowboy has to catch a calf with a rope, dismounts and runs to the animal, puts it down and ties its three legs, crossed, with a rope. After putting it down, he must keep a high tension on the lasso until the horse stops.

The judge announces that the clip is in order and confirms the time the cowboy has obtained. This discipline is the basis of the cowboy ability to catch the cattle to mark it with the owner’s seal.

This is a speed and dexterity discipline.

Many followers with a fast and welltrained mount participate to this class.

Quarter Horses are preferred due to their performance over a short distance and good and easy-to-master temper.

Three barrels arranged in the ring must be bypassed as soon as possible. The clover-shaped race is required. Thus, starting from the left or the right, each barrel is bypassed at high speed. Passing close to the barrels, he can gain time but the judge will impose a penalty of 5 seconds for each spilled barrel. Address, experience and often years of training will determine the winners Charline Béduit

American

rodeo is an art and a myth in the country, these events continue to

dazzle us, and now the cowboys manage to continue the tradition.

Chicago : the nation of The Outfit

Giacomo « Big Gim» Colosimo

Alphonse Gabriel «Al» Capone

6

Jhonny Torrio « The Fox»

During many years, and still today, Chicago is the city of the crime in USA, with the traffics, the corruption, and the diversity of immigrant’s nationalities (italian, irish, german, polish...).

In 1910 the most famous family of the crime born, is name, The Chicago Outfit.

The before

Joe“The Clown” Lombardo

During the start of the 20th century, Chicago was divided between North Side Gang for the North and Little Italy, the italian district in South of Chicago. There was a lot of gangs, one gang the Mano Nera, lead by Giacomo “Big Jim” Colosimo success to control all the gangs of South Chicago. He was helped by his ambitious nephew Johnny Torrio and his friend Al Capone.

In 1920 Torrio kill his uncle and take the control of the gang.

The Prohibition and the ascent of The Outfit

Frank Calabrese Sr.

After an assassination attempt who failed, Jhonny Torrio back to Italia in 1925 and give the head of the gang to Al Capone. At the time, it’s the Prohibition, the US’governement want fight the traffic of alcohol, during this period Capone and his guys intimidate and corrupt the police. Between 1925 and 1930 Al Capone win 100 millions dollars by years, he is judged in 1931 and convicted to pay 215 000 dollars and eleven years in jail.

Capone become powerful, and the 14th February 1929 he decide to eliminate his enemies of the North Side Gang, for that he engaged killers to trapped importants members of the gang. For that the men of Capone organise a meeting in a warehouse in 2122 North Clark Street, when the targets are in the warehouse, a car with two policeman, who are members of The Outfit, come and with the others members of the Capone’s gang kill the men of the North Side Gang, they were seven. This slaughter have been called Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre because it was really bloody for the period.

A lot of members of The Outfit were judged in 1943 for extortion, because they try to control a lot of studios in Hollywood, like Paramount Pictures or 20th Century Fox. JFK, casinos and “Family Secrets Trial” The gang was suspected for the murder of JFK (1963) and his brother RFK (1968), the reason was that the mafia had helped The victims

of the Saint the brothers in their election campaign in exchange for a reduction Valentine’s Day Massacre of the police’s pressure. But after the election of JFK, it was the very opposite.

Moreover, during thirty years, the mafia diriged a lot of casinos in Las Vegas, the golden age was in 19501960. But The Outfit lose all the casinos between 1970 and 1980, the badlands start and finally the gang work in the car thefts and sport’s gambles.

Between 2005 and 2007 many members of The Outfit and a marshall are judged and jailed, like Joe Lombardo or Frank Calabrese, thanks to recording make by members of their families.

Today the organisation is not so strong like before but it still exist, and in the pop-culture the men like Al Capone are very different of the monsters their were in the reality. Today in films as Scarface or The Untouchables they represent a antihero who change and kill for survive in a society of violence and harted.

Adrian Guigue

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EDITORIAL TEAM Newspaper editor Chloé Garcia Dorrey

Artistic Editor Anaïs Hillion

Journalists Céline Latchimy, Lola Rourret, Adrian Guigue, Khadidja Douga, Yeelen Ravier, Charline Béduit, Pauline Faure, Geoffrey Helly D’Angelin, Lucas Morel, Anaîs Hillion, Chloé Garcia Dorrey.

With the help of Isabelle Levrat

You have just read our HEJ Times. We hope you liked it. It was our first newspaper.

It enabled us to gather our skills and creativity for a common project. Thanks to our English teacher, this newspapper was done in English, in order to discover another culture, the USA. Thank you for your attention.