Footscray: Healthy Precinct Structure Plan 2018 (ABPL30060 Urban Precinct Studio Sem II 2018)

Footscray

Healthy Precinct Structure Plan ‘18

Nancy Hwanhee Yoo - 832 428 ABPL30060 Urban Precinct Studio

nancyhyoo@yahoo.com 0432 929 448

Acknowledgements This document could not have been completed without the efforts of the following individuals: Urban Precinct Studio Subject Staff Urban Precinct Studio Subject Coordinator Dr. Hyung Min Kim and the Studio Leaders are thanked for their hard work to make the subject a comprehensive and valuable learning experience.

Special thanks to the Healthy Precinct Studio Leader Dr. Leila Mahmoudi Farahani for her valuable guidance and encouragement: Research & Technical Support Special thanks to fellow members of the Footscray Group for their contributions to the technical assessment of Footscray: Derrick Lim, Jonathon Christie, Kyle Wood and Sam Hill.

Ariane Garay, fellow peers of the Healthy Precinct Studio and the Studio Guest Critics are thanked for their moral support and feedback.

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Supporting Documents The Healthy Footscray PSP builds upon the previously published documents from several different organisations including: • State Government of Victoria - Plan Melbourne • State Government of Victoria • Maribyrnong City Council - Footscray Structure Plan • Maribyrnong City Council - Integrated Transport Strategy • The Heart Foundation - Healthy Active by Design

Footscray Healthy Precinct Structure Plan 2018 Prepared by: Nancy Hwanhee Yoo Supported by:

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Contents 2 Acknowledgements 4 Index

Introduction

Technical Assessment 10 12 13 14 16

Demographic Profile Future Projections & Trends Economic Profile Health Profile Issues 16 Land Use & Development 24 Housing

6 Drivers of Change 8 Local Context 9 Places of Interest

26 Transport & Walkability

The Structure Plan 34 Integration of Active and Public Transport Networks 44 Balancing the Built Form and Public Open Spaces 56 Development for a Diverse and Localised Community

30 Public Realm

64 Implementation Schedule 31 32 32 32

Summary of Issues Vision Healthy City Principles Structure Plan Outline

70 References

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Index List of Maps Map 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

4

Plan Melbourne Metropolitan Jobs and Investment Map Study Area Local Context Map Study Area Total Population Distribution Study Area Population Child Distribution Study Area Population Elderly Distribution Land Use Map Development Map Current Building Heights Current Height Restrictions Overlays Heritage and Activity Centre Zone Map Dominant Tenure Dominant Housing Type Median House Prices Melbourne Overall Transport Map Green Spaces Map Proposed Open Spaces Network Proposed SUZ Proposed FAR Controls Existing and Proposesd Train Walking Catchments Proposed Cycling Network Upgrades Proposed Pedestrian Network Upgrades Proposed Local Roads and Local Centre Proposed Tram Line Proposed Residential Shared Street and ROWY Greening

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Page 7 11 12 13 13 17 17 19 19 22 23 24 24 25 26 28 35 36 39 46 47 48 49 50 53

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

List of Figures Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Footscray Local Context Footscray Aerial Footscray Age Structure Forecast Population Top Occupation Changes Housing Tenure Changes Bus Bays Street Section Victoria Square Plan Energy Used in Potatoes

Page 10 12 13 14 20 21 22 26 26 45

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Drivers of Change The following considerations have been included in the making of this structure plan Plan Melbourne Footscray as a Metropolitan Activity Centre Footscray has been identified as one of the West major activities centres with the purpose of provided a vibrant mix of functions and activites.

Footscray as Major Education Precinct Footscray has one of Melbourne seven universities and multiple other tertiary education schools in the area.

20-Minute Neighbourhoods Plan Melbourne has set an agenda centred on the concept of living locally: ‘In a 20-minute neighbourhood people have the choice to live locally, with the ability to meet most of their everyday needs including access to shops, childcare and schools, parks, doctors and public transport, within a 20-minute walk, or alternatively cycle or local public transport trip from their homes.’ (Plan Melbourne 2015) Outcome 5: Melbourne is a city of inclusive, vibrant and healthy neighbourhoods The healthy city concept has been outlined as one of the major outcomes in Plan Melbourne.

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Global Trends & Transitions

Changing Context

Urbanisation (Growing Population) It is estimated that by 2050, more than 66% of the worlds population will be living in cities. As global population flock to cities, It is important to maintain a healthy and liveability city that supports all its inhabitants.

West Gate Tunnel Project 2022 Construction of tunnels from the West Gate Freeway to the Maribyrnong River is currently underway. This will provide an alternative freight route which will reduce traffic on the aterial roads running through the Footscray precinct.

Climate Change (Sustainability) Moving towards more sustainable practices is crucial in order to combat climate change that puts stress on a cities ability to function. More extreme weather condition can be a health threat to vulnerable population in our precinct. Preservation of natural environments is important

Sunshine & Werribee: National Employment and Innovation Clusters Sunshine and Werribee have both been identified as areas to facilitate significant job growth through cluster development. This is likely to increase pressure on Footscray as a vital link between these employment clusters and the CBD.

Rise in Life expectancy & Chronic Disease (Aging Population) Approaches to health is changing as developed nations are entering another health transition.

Life expectancy is increasing but people are living longer with chronic diseases and health expenses may put economic stresses on the population.

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Image : Footscray Location Aerial

Image Source: Marcus Wong, 2011

Map 1: Plan Melbourne Metropolitan Jobs and Investment map

Source: Plan Melbourne 2050

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Site & Local Context

Footscray Activity Centre: Melbourne Metropolitan Context Footscray is only 5km West of Melbourne’s CBD. The suburb has connections to Port Melbourne and other major industrial nodes.

It is also a Major Public Transport Hub with tram, metropolitan and regional train and bus services.

It is home to Victoria University and has vibrant destinations e.g. Footscray Market.

Metropolitan Melbourne City of Maribyrnong Melbourne CBD Study Area (Footscray)

Figure : Footscray & Study Area in Melbourne Metropolitan Context

Source: Created by Author

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TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Key Site Features

1 2 3 4 5 6

Education Victoria University - Footscray Park Victoria University - Nicholson St Angliss Children’s Centre St. Monica’s Primary School Footscray Community Arts Centre Footscray Library

Shopping 7 Footscray Market 8 Nicholson St Mall Parks & Reserves 9 10 11 12 13

Footscray Park Newell’s Paddock Wetlands Reserve Heavenly Queen Temple Madden Square Ercildoune Reserve

Other 14 Footscray Police Station 15 Department of Human Services

Map 2 : Study Area Local Context Map (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

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Demographic Profile A wide variety of social and health outcomes can be influenced by the demographics of a population.

Population & Age Structure

Demographic Snapshot

Key Findings

People

Key demography findings have been outlined that will aid in identifying the unique needs and trends of the study area population.

Population

All demographic statistics are sourced from the 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census.

Median Weekly Household Income

Median Age

16,345 32

Income

•

The total population of Footscray is 16,346 - 52.3% are males and 47.7% are female.

•

The suburb of Footscray has a young population with a median age of 32 years. The most dominant age group are ‘young workforce’ population (ages 25 to 34) who comprise 29.9%.

•

Footscray also has high proportions of ‘parent’s and homebuilders’ (35 to 49) and ‘tertiary student and independents’ (18 to 24) who comprise 20.9% and 15% of the population respectively.

$1314

Education Lvl of Highest Educational Attainment Bachelor Degree or above

36.1%

Year 12

19.2%

Diploma or Advanced Diploma

8.5%

Families & Housing Average Household Size

2.2

Top Household Types Lone Person Households

33.5%

Couples without Dependants

23.3%

Couples with Dependants

17.9%

Cultural Diversity Top Responses for Country of Birth

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Australia

43.8%

Vietnam

9.6%

India

6.7%

China (excluding SARs and Taiwan)

3.9%

New Zealand

2.1%

England

1.9%

FIg: Population Age Structure: Study Area & Victoria

Source: ABS, 2016

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Households

Spatial Distribution

Key Findings

Key Findings:

•

•

The average household size in Footscray is 2.2.

The average household size of the Greater Melbourne is 2.61 persons.

•

The most dominant household type in Footscray is Lone Person Households which comprise 33.5% and 29.3% in the study area.

•

Other popular household structures in Footscray are couples without dependants (23.3%) and couples with dependents (17.9%).

Total population distribution follows the pattern of housing development - with the high density of residents living in the south-east of the precinct where high-rise dwelling development is occuring

•

Spatial distribution of the population under 18 in the study area suggests that many children are likely living in disadvantaged or low income households. Most resident in the east areas of the precinct.

•

Spatial distribution of the elderly population over 60 years of age are living in close proximity to transport and health services in the precinct. A high concentration of the elderly are living in the south-west of the study area.

Diversity Key Findings •

In Footscray, more than 50% of the population was born overseas.

•

Top responses for country of birth excluding Australia were Vietnam (9.6%), India (6.7%) and China (3.9%).

•

10.4% of the study area population is not fluent in english. 42.4% of the study area population spoke another language other than english.

Total Population Distribution (SA1) No. of Persons 299 - 407 408 - 516 517 - 624

625 - 733 734 - 841

Map 3: Study Area Total Population Distribution Source: ABS, 2016

No. of Persons Under 18

31 - 42 43 - 53 54 - 64

No. of Persons Over 65

65 - 75 76 - 86

Map: Study Area Population Under 18 Distr 3ibution Source: ABS, 2016

33 - 56 57 - 79 80 - 101

102 - 124 125 - 147

Map 5: Study Area Population Over 65 Distribution Source: ABS, 2016

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Future Projections & Trends It is estimated that Footscray’s population will reach 49,021 in 2041 according to the ABS. The dominant age groups in the future will be the ‘young workforce’ and ‘parents and homemakers’.

However, number of households will grow at a faster rate than the population as they continue to decrease to an average of 2.16 persons per households. We know that patterns of consumption of goods such as housing and cars follow the household growth rate (Palmer, 2006). Planners must take actions to not exacerabate health related issues such as car dependency,

Lone Person Households

Aging Population

Lone person households and couples without dependents will be the most common household types in the future, projected to reach 35% and 25.8% in 2041.

The proportion of residents over the age of 60 with double of the next 20 years. Current projections show that the elderly population will reach 17.5% in 2040 (ABS, 2016).

Lone persons may be at risk of several health concerns including being more aversely affected by chronic illness, sudden unemployment and criminal offenses committed against them (Palmer, 2006).

Demand for accessible public amenities and infrastructure and health care costs are expected to increase.

FIg: Footscray Population and Household Size Projections

Source: ABS, 2016

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TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Economic Profile Economy and Industry Summary Total No. of Business

1848

Top Employing Industries (Footscray) Accomodation & Food Services

11.4%

Health Care & Social Assistance

10.6%

Education & Training

9.9%

Top Occupations (Footscray) Professionals Clerical & Administrative Workers Community & Personal Service

29.0% 12.0% 11.7%

Workers

Local Economy

Unemployment

Small, Independent Businesses 87% of businesses in the study area are ‘microbusinesses’ that employ between 1 to 4 people.

High unemployment is an issue in Footscray. The area has an unemployment rate of 10.2% (ABS, 2016) compared to the state at 6.6%

The study area employs 3928 (5%) of the City of Maribyrnongs local workers.

The industries that employs the most local workers in the study area are: 1. Education and Training Industry 35.2% 2. Public Administration and Safety 14.9% 3. Retail Trade 8.6% 4. Health Care and Social Assistance 8% 5. Accomodation and Food Services 7.5%

Gentrfication Changing trends in resident occupations suggests that employment opportunities are becoming more limited for blue-collar and other low skilled workers.

Decline in occupations such as machine operators, labourers and trades are likely to continue with industry relocation, increase in property values welcomes a young professional workforce.

Jobs to Worker Ratio (Maribyrnong) Top 5 Sectors with Lowest Ratios Mining

0.17

Financial & Insurance Services

0.27

Profession, Scientific & Technical

0.38

Services Information Media &

0.4

Telecommunications Administrative & Support Services

0.52

FIg: Footscray Top Occupation Changes 2011 - 2016

Source: ABS, 2016

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Health Profile Key Findings The following health issues are extracted from the Health and Wellbeing Profile of Maribyrnong City (2016).

Transport & Physical Activity: •

Approximately 12% of our adult population uses cycling as a from of transport and 57% walks to get around, which is above the metropolitan average but below the levels observed in most other inner city areas

Substance Abuse:

Chronic Illness & Causes of Death:

•

The alcohol-related ambulance attendance rate in Maribyrnong has almost doubled in the last five years and is well above the Metropolitan average

•

The top five avoidable causes of death are: 1) cardiovascular disease, 2) ischaemic heart disease, 3) cancer, 4) respiratory system disease, and 5) chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

•

There is no local data on drug consumption available, however the drug-related ambulance attendance rates in Maribyrnong indicate that drug use in Maribyrnong is well above metropolitan averages.

•

Hypertension has increased and is high in our city; in 2014, 29% of our adults had high blood pressure compared to 25% in metropolitan Melbourne.

•

•

The heroin-related and benzodiazepinerelated attendance ambulance rates declined in recent years but remain very high in our city; the cannabis-related and crystal meth-related ambulance attendance rates have increased and are very high

The prevalence of asthma in the Maribyrnong City Council (13.1) is higher than the Victorian average (10.9).

•

Only 6% of Maribyrnong residents walk or cycle to work, which is comparable with the metropolitan average but well below averages in other inner city areas.

•

Also, 23% of our residents use public transport to get to work, which is below the inner city average and above the metropolitan average.

Sexual Health:

In 2015, 33% of our residents participated in physical activity in an organised way and 68% participated in a non-organised physical activity (metropolitan average: 30% and 72%).

•

The chlamydia rates for males living in Maribyrnong are well above the state average.

•

The hepatitis B rates for males and females living in our city are well above the state Average

•

Health Screening & Services: •

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The cervical cancer screening participation rate (62%) and breast screening participation rate (70%) in our city are below metropolitan averages.

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Footscray Key Health Indicators and Issues

Footscray Risk Factors Age standardised per 100 18years and over 2014/15

Victoria

Footscray Deaths Age standaradised per 100,000 ages 30 to 69 years from 2010 to 2014

Victoria

Overweight or Obese

High Blood Pressure

No or Low Exercise (Weekly)

Childhood Obesity

60.2%

35.7%

66.6%

8.7%

64.1%

24.1%

65.3%

7.6%

Cardiovascular Disease

Respiratory Disease

92.2

31.0

135.6

30.6

53.4

14.1

128.3

25.0

Cancer

Breast Cancer

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Land Use & Development Overview The majority of the land use in the study area is Residential Zoning in the north and Activity Centre Zoning in the south. Activity centre zoning covers 33% of the precinct.

Major development currently underway in the area include 5205 dwellings, 4500 car spaces and 2500 bike spaces. It is expected that these additional developments when completed will house 7500 new residents. ‘Potential Development’ sites have also been identified and are currently being evaluated by the City of Maribyrnong.

Image: View of Joseph Rd Precinct from Hopkins St Bridge

(Nancy Yoo 2018)

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Population growth outpacing public services provisions and capacity

Lack of public open spaces within the activity centre

Currently, there are no confirmations from local council or transport authorities of any actions to improve transport services capacity to support the influx of new residents.

There are few open spaces existing in the activity centre. The majority of open space in the streetscape are car parks. Remaining open lots are quickly being sold and developed with no controls that preserve open spaces.

There are discussions of two potential tram line extensions in the precinct. Until these proposals have been approved and implemented, new residents must rely on current public transport services or already congested roads in the precinct.

Image: View of Joseph Rd Precinct from Ryan St

Source: Google Maps, 2018

Isolated development The area when more development is occuring is isolated from the rest of the precinct by arterial roads and the train line running through the area. The intimidating built environment is likely to encourage new residents to become car dependent to access services around the precinct.

Image: Car Park at Hopkins St/Moore St Corner

Source: Google Maps, 2018

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Variety of Built Forms There are various types of building forms in the area. The precinct is rich with heritage including many terrace houses in the residential areas and industrial buildings near the river that are slowly being redeveloped into high rise building.

Other building forms include more generic suburban homes in commission housing areas and fine grain shops in the activity centre.

Fine Grain Activity Centre (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

Medium Density Social Housing (Sam Hill, 2018)

Major development currently underway in the area include 5205 dwellings, 4500 car spaces and 2500 bike spaces. It is expected that these additional developments when completed will house 7500 new residents.

‘Potential Development’ sites have also been identified and are currently being evaluated by the City of Maribyrnong.

Existing Built Form Controls Low Density Victorian Housing (Sam Hill, 2018)

High Density Developments (Sam Hill, 2018)

The primary built form controls enforced in the area through overlays. Most controls outlines in zoning schedules are discretionary and have been taken advantage of in recent developments.

There are few mandatory setback requirements including: •

a preferred ‘Levels above 5 storeys setback minimum of 5 metres from street frontage for ACZ1

•

3 metre front setback and 3-6 podium street frontage for buildings along Hopkins Street

Warehouse (Nancy Yoo, 2018

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ACZ1 - Activity Centre Zone PPRZ - Public Park & Recreation Zone NRZ1 - Neighbourhood Residential Zone GRZ1 - General Residential Zone PUZ2 - Public Use Zone SUZ1 - Special Use Zone PUZ1 - Pubic Use Zone MUZ1 - Mixed Use Zone

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Map 6: Land Use Map

Source: DEWLP, 2016

Height (Storeys) 11 - 25 7 - 10 3-6 1-2

Map: Current Building Heights in Study Area (Map by Sam Hill)

Source: DELWP, 2018

STRUCTURE PLAN

No. of Storeys 1-3 2-6 2 - 10

4 - 25 N/A

Map : Height Plan (Extract from the Footscray Skyline Study

Undergoing Planning Assessment

FIg: Study Area Development

Source: DEWLP, 2016

Under Construction Approved Potential Development Sites Proposed Green Space Train Line Arterial Road (Hopkins St)

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Overlays Heritage Overlay 26% of the Activity Centre Zone is protected by the Heritage Overlay. Although this ensures that much of the precincts history and character is preserved, it can present challenges for future developments.

Heritage overlays limit the amount of transformational development that can occur and is often desired by developers.

Requirements to preserve these facades can often come at the cost of lost the opportunitiy to redevlep buildings with an active frontage that engages with the public realm.

HO Heritage Overlay ACZ1 Activity Centre Zone Image : Development Set Back from Heritage Building

Source: Google Maps 2018

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Figure : Heritage Overlay & ACZ1 Zoning in Study Area

Source: DELWP, 2018

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Other Overlays

PO Parking Overlay

DDO Design Development Overlay IPO Integrated Plan Overlay DPO Development Plan Overlay

LSIO Land Subject to Inundation Overlay

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51 Hopkins Street Footscray VIC 3011 Australia Constructed: 27 Jul 2012 Area: 1664 m2 Total Site Coverage (Ground): 98% Public Open Space: 0% Green Space: 0% Street Interface Engagement: Low

604/1 Moreland Street Footscray VIC 3011 Australia Constructed: 10 Mar 2017 Area: 8681 m2 Total Site Coverage (Ground): 76% Public Open Space: 0% Green Space: Less than 5% Street Interface Engagement: Low

Figure (Top): 51 Hopkins St Aerial with Cadastre Boundary

Image (Top): 51 Hopkins St

Figure (Above): 604/1 Moreland St Aerial with Cadastre Boundary

Image (Above): 604/1 Moreland St

Source: NearMap, 2018 Source: NearMap, 2018

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Source: Sam Hill, 2018

Source: Nancy Yoo, 2018

STRUCTURE PLAN

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Housing Key Findings

Housing Affordability

Homelessness

•

The median price for a house in Footscray is $898,000 and the median weekly rent price was $460.

•

According to the most recent ABS census, renting privately was the most dominant tenure type in Footscray. Home ownership is ownership is becoming less common in Footscray as property prices are rising quickly.

In the Metropolitan Melbourne context, Footscray remains one of the most ‘affordable’ inner suburbs left with a median property price of under 1 million dollars.

According to 2016 ABS Census, Footscray was second electorate after City of Melbourne with the highest number of homeless persons in Victoria. 894 people reported being homeless.

Although property prices are rising quickly, Footscray remains one of the only suburbs within a 5km distance to the CBD with a median house price under one million dollars.

Analysis by the Council to Homeless Persons (2018)reports that the most common form of homelessness was living in ‘severly’ crowded dwellings (47.7%). Other forms of homelessness were crisis accommodation, boarding houses, couch surfing and sleeping rough (sleeping on the streets) at 30.4%, 15.4%, 4.9% and 1.6% respectively.

•

•

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A high proportion of households in Footscray are renting social housing. 7.2% of households (511) are renting social housing in Footscray compared to 13.3% (223) in the study area. In other words, 43.6% of all social housing units in Footscray are located within the study area.

A high concentration of disadvantage households live in the north-east areas (SA1) of the precinct - where up to 48.5% of all dwellings are social housing stock.

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Suddenly rises in property value can be the majority renting population under severe housing stress. As the area undergoes growth, affordability for new and exsting residents need to be ensured.

The housing typologies are diverse in the area with low density detached housing in the east. As you move towards the west towards the river were most recent redevelopments are taking place, it can be observed that newer housing stock are mostly apartment living spaces. This trends is expected to continue to fit the demand of young lone households and couples.

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Census

2016

2011

Tenure Type

Num.

%

Num

%

Fully Owned

924

13.1

938

16.7

Morgage (Purchasing)

1460

20.7

1126

20.1

Renting

3840

54.4

2704

48.2

Renting : Private

3302

46.8

2202

39.3

511

7.2

463

8.3

830

11.8

838

14.9

Renting : Social Housing Other

Figure : Footscray Housing Tenure Trends 2011 - 2016

Data Source: ABS Census 2011 & 2016

Fully Owned Renting Social Housing Renting - Private Figure : SA1 Dominant House Tenure in Study Area Data Source: ABS, 2016

Figure : Metropolitan Melbourne Inner Suburbs Median House Price (Sep, 2018)

Data Source: REA Group, 2018

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Transport & Walkability Overview Footscray Transport Hub

Social/ Recreation

Private Vehicles 70.64%

Footscray is a premium station with 14 bus routes, a tram, three metropolitan rail routes and three regional rail routes.

Shopping

According to the Vcitorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA, 2018), Most trips in the City of Maribyrnong are vehicular (70.64%) with only a small proportion of residents choosing to use public and active modes of transport.

Work

240,00 Thousand Trips

The most population destinations for travelling were work and education. However, trips for recreation and social purposes also made up a significant proportion for reasons for travel.

Because of the precincts location and it role in connecting the west of Melbourne, it is important to encourage residents towards more sustainable modes of transport so prevent issues of congestion, traffic and accidents in the area.

Walking 16.9%

Bicycle 3.4% Total Trips on Average Weekday Maribyrnong City 2012 - 16 Source: VISTA, 2018

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Education

Purposes of Trips on Average Weekday Maribyrnong City 2012 - 16 Source: VISTA, 2018

Public Transport 9%

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Other

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Buses Many buses routes are long and indirect causing them to slower and infrequent. Subsequently, despite bus stops being in close proximity to most residents, travelling by bus is often unreliable and inefficient as a mode of transport.

There are an excessive number of bus bays in proportion to the number of routes that pass through Footscray Station (20 Bus Bays for 11 Routes). This is partially due to Footscray Station being a ‘through’ point for several routes which require dedicated spaces for both directions (See Fig. below).

Wayfinding and co-ordination with train services is also an issue. Bus bays are up to 350m away from the station and dispersed across three streets. It is highly inefficient for users as routes that pass similar landmarks are seperated and confusing to find. For example, routes from Footscray to Highpoint Shopping Centre (223, 408 & 409) are at opposite ends of Irving Street.

Aterial Road Bus Route Tram Line Train Line

Bike Trail Dedicated Bike Path 82

Map: Overview of Study Area Transport

Route Number Map: Dispersed Locations of Bus Bays and Routes around Footscray Station Source: PTV, 2018

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Light Rail The 82 tram line that runs through the Footscray precinct is not connected to the Melbourne CBD despite its close proximiity. The route is very long but limited in the number of major landmarks it passes and makes many small complicated throughfares.

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STRUCTURE PLAN

Walkability & Cycling The precinct has a very car-oriented street network with multiple arterial roads fragmenting the area and only one dedicated bicycle route for commuters (excludes recreational trails). There is a lack of bicycle infrastructure especially at important transport nodes e.g. bike parking at Footscray Station.

Footpaths are very narrow and often undermaintained and are the routes for many freight trucks which contribute to noise pollution in the surrounding areas. These roads are often dangerous and diffcult to cross for pedestrians and cyclists who are forced to share the roads with heavy vehcles.

3.2m

7m

7m

3.2m

Fig. XX Typical Section of Moore Street (Derrick Lim, 2018)

2m

7m

1.5m

9.5m

1.5m

Fig. XX Typical Section of Hopkins Street & Whitehall Street (Derrick Lim, 2018)

Map: Declared Arterial Roads within the Study Area Image: Bikes chained to FOotscray Rails (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

Source: VicRoads, 2018

Arterial Road (Named Highway) Arterial Road Local Road

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Public Realm Overview The precinct has many high quality recreational parks and spaces within reach of many of the residents, particularly around the Maribyrnong River. However there is a severe lack of green spaces and public open spaces once entering the activity centres and the residential areas - which traditonally features a tight-knit grain of small developments.

Streetscapes are often low quality are primarily places of throughfare rather thand places to stay and do not serve the needs of residents, pedestrians & cyclists.

Park or Reserve Sporting Field

Poorly maintain ROWYS in the residential areas of the precinct. (Google Streetview, 2018)

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1 Victoria University 2 Footscray Park 3 Newell’s Paddock Wetlands Reserve 4 Maribyrnong River Reserve 5 Footscray Community Arts Centre 6 Grimes Reserve 7 Tannery Reserve

Map: Green Open Spaces in the Study Area (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Seelaf Square Munroe Sauare Madden Square Cornwall Reserve Donald St Reserve Leunig Place Reserve Ercildoune Reserve Swaby Square

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Summary of Issues, Challenges & Responses Key Issue

Precinct Elements

1

2

3

4

Poor Walkability

Disconnected Transport Network

Uncontrolled Development

Declining Productivity & Affordability

1.1 Long Blocks

2.2 Spralwed Bus Interchange

3.1 Unfriendly high-rise development

1.1 Homelessness

1.2 Unattractive, Car-oriented Streets 1.3 Arterial Road Barriers

Trends & Challenges

2.3 Incomplete Bike Network 3.3 Disconnected Tram Line

3.2 Low developer contribution to publilc realm

1.2 Lack of local employment opportunites 1.3 Decreasing Housing Affordability

1

2

3

4

Lone Person Households

Heritage Overlay

Growing Population

Aging Population

35% of all households will be lone person in 2041.

Heritage protections cover 24% of the Activity Centre in the Precinct.

In 2041, the population is projected to more than double to almost 50 thousand inhabitants.

Elderly over the age of 60 will comprise 17.5% of the population in 2041

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Vision

Healthy City Principles

Footscray will bridge Melbourne’s West towards a Healthy and Prosperous Future.

Sustainable and healthy living will be embedded into the urban environment with integrated transport networks, balanced built form and green open spaces that support an diverse and localised community.

It will be an centre of creating ongoing opportunities for physical activity, social interaction, access to amenties and housing in a safe, clean and green environment.

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Opportunities for Physical Activity

Access to Amenities & Housing

Opporutnities for Social Interaction

A Safe, Clean & Green Environment

STRUCTURE PLAN

Outcome

Strategic Directions

The Structure Plan The Footscray Structure Plan’s vision for a healthy city is guided by four principles.

To support those principles, three outcomes have been set with strategic directions that will taken to achieve these outcomes.

1

2

3

Integrated Active and Public Transport Networks

Balancing the Built Environment with Green Open Spaces

Building for a Localised & Diverse Community

1.1 Create a Centralised Bus Interchange next to the Train Station

2.1 Create an Open Space Network in the Activity Centre

3.1 Facilitate PBSA Housing Projects

1.2 Construct New Train Station Exits

2.2 Introduce Built Form Controls that protect the public realm

1.3 Expand & Upgrade the Bicycle Network 1.4 Extend the Tram Line 1.5 Densify Street Network & Create New Interfaces

2.3 Transform arterial roads into commericial main streets.

3.2 Implement Affordable Housing and Amenity Contribution Bonuses 3.3 Create Family Friendly Shared Residential Streets

2.4 Update supply and management of onstreet parking.

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Image: Sam Hill, 2018

STRUCTURE PLAN

INTEGRATED ACTIVE & PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS Paragraph Title West Melbourne is an inner urban area of Melbourne CBD This is the second paragraph for this page movement works downwards.

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New Developments housing up to 7500 additional residents will soon be completed in the precinct. Accessible and efficient sustainable transport options much be readily available in order to not exacerbate car dependency.

Survey findings have discovered it is difficult to get commuters to change to more sustainable, active forms of transport if they are already using private motor vehicles as their primary mode of travel.

Projections show that Footscray will need to accommodate a high influx of population growth and an even faster rate of growth in the number of households - demographics that compound the effects of car dependency.

Footscray has an existing established major transport hub with train, tram and bus services, Strategies will focus on improving the walkability of the trips between the different public transport nodes and destinations. Walkability is a key factor in increasing the likelihood of a commuter to take active or public modes of transport.

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Walking accounts for 75% of all trips that are 400m (approx. 5 minutes) or less across Melbourne. The rate of walking quickly drops to 50% and 22% of trips between 400m to 1 kilometre (approx. 10 minutes) and less than 2 kilometres (approx. 20 minutes) respectively (Maribyrnong City Council, 2012).

Keeping walking trips, between transport nodes and destinations, under 5 to 10 minutes will be a primary aim of the strategies and actions for this outcome.

1.1 Construct Two Additional Station Exits to the North of Footscray Train Station Location

Urgent upgrades of transport networks are needed in order the maximise the opportunity for new residents to choose more healthier forms of commuting.

Actions Action 4.3: Advocate to Transport for Victoria for an agreed timeline to construct additional pedestrian exits for Footscray Railway Station at: 1.

the corner of Irving Street and Hopkins Street

2.

the corner of Cowper Street and Hopkins Street

STRUCTURE PLAN

What is being proposed?

Why is this proposed?

The extension and convergence of existing platforms towards two additional exits further north into the precinct are being proposed. This will create more walkable distances to public transport nodes.

Benefits of the new stations exits include:

EXISTING

•

reducing congestions and alllowing people to move through the station faster.

•

improving the accessibility of the train station bringing the Joseph Rd Precinct and the Social Housing within the crucial 5 to 10 minute walking catchment

400m (5 Minutes)

1

Social Housing

800m (10 Minutes)

2

Joseph Rd Precinct

3

Extended ACZ1

Train Line Existing Station Exits New Station Exits

Map: Existing & Proposed Station Exists and Walking Catchments (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

1

Proposed Bus Interchange

2

Proposed Station Exits

PROPOSED

Map: Proposed Footscray Station Interventions (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

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1.2

Location

1.3

Create A Centralised Bus Interchange Adjacent to Footscray Station

Densify the ACZ Street Network & Increase Pedestrian Amenity

What is being proposed?

What is being proposed?

A centralised bus interchange at the end of Irving Street will be constructed. Routes will be changed to use Footscray Station only as a terminus and will be grouped together according to landmark or direction.

Densify Street Network The newer extended actiivity centre has large lots between with street edges over 200m long.

The proposed location of the interchange will conviniently be placed between train station exits.

Actions

Why is this proposed?

Benefits of Centralised Bus Interchange: •

Easy Wayfinding and more efficient changes between transport modes.

•

Space taken by excessive bus bays can be reclaimed from the streets

Action 4.1: Advocate to Transport for Victoria for rerouting local bus routes to: •

require that train stations are terminus points only in order reduce the required spaces for bays.

•

design shorter routes that pass along main roads

•

co-ordinate with train timetables for more frequent services with minimal waiting times

Action 4.2: Develop and implement a design plan for a centralised bus interchange at the north of Irving Street

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New streets and laneways will be added to create a more dense grid network that matches the more established part of the activity centre north of footscray station can help create a more permeable walkable experience.

Upgrade Pedestrian Network Streetscrape and safety improvements will be made to streets that have been identifies as pedestrian priority routes

STRUCTURE PLAN

Location

Actions Action 4.6: Identify potential new laneways that provide better pedestrian access to public spaces and amenities Action 4.7: Densify the street network through enouraging developers to provide active laneways on large developments Action 4.8: Investigate opportunities to widen pedestrian paths, improve paving and lighting on pedestrian priority ways.

Existing Predestrian-Only Street Potential Pedestrian Connection Proposed Pedestrian Priority Streets Map: Existing & Proposed Pedestrian Priority Network (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

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1.4 Extend and Upgrade the Cycling Network and Infrastructure throughout the Precinct What is being proposed?

Several dedicated bike lanes will be added to several main roads in the precinct. Upgrades will be made to existing ones.

Ingrastructure such as bike parking will also be added to spots around the precinct prioritising major transport nodes such as Fooscray Station.

Why is this proposed?

Excluding recreational bike trails, only one dedicated bike lane exists within the whole precinct currently.

Cycling as a mode of commute and recreational physical activity will be strong advocately for. Cyclist will be given priority by create more safe and direct cycling routes to key destinations in Metropolitan Melbourne.

The precincts location is ideal for cycling: •

6 km or 25 minute ride to the Melbourne CBD

•

2km or 10 minute cycle to Footscray Hospital

•

5km of 20 minutes to Highpoint Shopping Centre.

The Benefits of Cycling There are many benefits of a cycling population:

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•

Cycling to work can help incorporate moderate physical activity into residents daily lives. Studies show cyclist live longer and have significant reduced risk of serious disease (Gehl Architects, 2008).

•

Bikes are a more efficient use of space. 10 bike parking spaces can fit into one car space (Gehl Architects, 2008).

•

Bicycle lanes hold more capacity on the roads.

5 times more people can move per hour on a bicycle track compared with a lane for vehicles (Gehl Architects, 2008)

•

Cycling can assist in achieving a healthy environment. Cycling does not contribute to carbon emissions. Compared to walking and driving , cycling uses the least amount of energy (Gehl Architects, 2008).

Fig: Energy used to travel the same distance for difference travel modes measured in potatoes

(Addapted from Gehl Architects, 2008)

STRUCTURE PLAN

Location

Actions Action 4.4: Implement the following upgrades to the precinct street network

Existing Bicycle Route Priority Bicycle Route New/Upgraded Bicycle Route Map : Proposed Bicycle Network (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

•

Moore Street, Hopkins Street and Whitehall Streets, as priority bicycle routes

•

Extend the Nicholson cycling route to the south

•

Newell and Donald Streets (between Nicholson and Moore Streets)

•

Irving Street (from Hopkins to Nicholson Streets)

•

Cowper and Moreland Streets (between Hopkins to the south)

Action 4.5: Advocate to Public Transport Victoria to require two external bike racks on all public buses

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1.5

Location

Update the tram line to meet the needs of the growing population What is being proposed?

What is beingThe current tram route 82 terminates at Footscray Station. An extended tramline continuing east from Hopkins St/Dynon Rd and connecting to West Melbourne via Spencer street would provide a additional multimodal connection to the CBD.

Actions

Why is this proposed?

Better Local Connections A rerouted tram line passing through Moore Street would provide better access to Victoria University, Footscray Park, disadvantage areas and the precinct activity centre.

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Map (Above): Existing & Potential Tram Lines Metropolitan Scale Base Map: Mapbox, 2018 Map (Left): Existing & Proposed Tram Line Local Scale Base Map: Mapbox, 2018

Existing Tram Line Potential Tram Line 1

Victoria University

2

Footscray Park

3

Joseph Rd Precinct

4

Footscray Station & Market

Action 4.12: Advocate to Transport Victoria for: •

an agreed timeline for a new tram line from Hopkins Street to West Melbourne and Melbourne CBD.

•

rerouting of Route 82 along Ballarat Road, Moore Street and Hopkins Street.

•

an agreed timeline for the construction of platform tram stops at Footscray Park, Moore Street and Hopkins Streets

STRUCTURE PLAN

Map (Above): Existing & Potential Tram Lines Metropolitan Scale Base Map: Mapbox, 2018 Map (Left): Existing & Proposed Tram Line Local Scale Base Map: Mapbox, 2018

Existing Tram Line Potential Tram Line 1

Victoria University

2

Footscray Park

3

Joseph Rd Precinct

4

Footscray Station & Market

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Image: Sam Hill, 2018

STRUCTURE PLAN

BALANCING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT & PUBLIC OPEN SPACES Paragraph Title West Melbourne is an inner urban area of Melbourne CBD This is the second paragraph for this page movement works downwards.

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2.1 Implement Built Form Controls that Protect the Public Realm Location

What is being proposed?

On site Communal Open Space

The current height plan proposes height limits up to 25 storeys in some areas of the precinct.

Open Space required per apartment 2

Built forms policy should be revised that encourages development more appropriate to the human scale and provides strong incentives to contribute to affordable housing or public amenities.

Introduction built form controls that ensure residents have access to light, air and communal open space.

4m

Lot Coverage Limit

70%

The following controls will be introduced: •

A manadatory 24m tower seperation requirement

•

Developers much provide 4m2 of communal open space per apartment.

Lot Coverage

Setback Requirements

Front

5m Rear

7m Actions

Height Limits

Action 2.1: Update the ACZ Schedule to include new FAR controls.

Podium

5 storeys

Action 2.2: Make Amendments to the Activity Centre Zone Schedule for Footscray to: •

enforce a 24m seperation between towers

•

require 4m2 of communal open space per apartment for residential developments.

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Tower Seperation

Minimum

24m

STRUCTURE PLAN

Proposed Built Form & Height Controls

1.5:1

As-of-right Maximum Building Density.

Preferred maximum of 2 storeys

2.5:1

As-of-right maximum for the provision of social housing.

Preferred maximum of 4 storeys

4:1

Maximum Density Bonus negotiated through the contribution of a Community Amentiy Preferred maximum of 6 storeys

3:1

As-of-right Maximum Building Density.

Preferred maximum of 5 storeys

5:1

As-of-right maximum for the provision of social housing.

Preferred maximum of 8 storeys

8:1

Maximum Density Bonus negotiated through the contribution of a Community Amentiy Preferred maximum of 13 storeys

3:1

As-of-right Maximum Building Density Preferred maximum of 5 storeys

8:1

As-of-right maximum for the provision of social housing.

Preferred maximum of 13 storeys

10:1

Maximum Density Bonus negotiated through the contribution of a Community Amentiy Preferred maximum of 15 storeys

Map: Proposed New Height Limits (Adapted from Google Maps, 2018)

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Why is this proposed?

Existing Height Controls

Future Development Victoria Square, Hopkins Street

Current built form controls are resulting in developments with high plot coverage and multiple towers clusters.

Other international cities such as Vancouver and Hong Kong have established built form controls that have built outcomes of between 60 - 70% total ground site coverage. This is to ensure that open space at the street level or pedestrian landscape is maintained.

Location

At a total ground site coverage of 60 - 70%, a building that is 25 storeys high would have a FAR (Floor-Area Ratio) between 15:1 to 18:1. This type of built form policy would result in much higher and more dense buildings than would be never be allowed in cities which population densities much higher than Melbourne’s.

New development controls will ensure than built form is always balanced with community or public benefit. Interior quality of the living standards are supported by built form.

No. of Storeys 1-3 2-6 2 - 10 4 - 25 N/A

Map: Existing Height Controls (Adapted from Footscray Skyline Study

Image: New Victoria Square Development Plan 8 Hopkins St. Plan shows clustering of towers (Adapted from Google Maps, 2018)

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STRUCTURE PLAN

Testing Building Controls

Precedent: Vancouver

Proposed

Existing

3:1 As-of-right Maximum Building Density

5:1 25 storeys 6% inclusionary zoning

5:1 8:1

5:1 10:1

As-of-right Maximum on larger sites of for the provision of social housing

8:1 Maximum Density Bonus negotiated through the delivery of a Community Amentiy Contribution (CAC)

Map: Vancouver South (Adapted from Google Maps, 2018)

Vancouver Downtown South is primarily high-density residential zoning. The as-of-right density is 3:1 which can be increased to 5:1 on the condition that social housing is provided.

Developers may negotiate for higher density bonuses. The process involves rezoning the land area and the developer providing a Community Amenity Contribution in exchange for the density bonus (Hodyl, 2014)

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2.2 Create an active network of open spaces in the activity centre.

What is being proposed?

Integrating development and the public realm.

Due to its history of fine grain, intense development few public open spaces exist in the commercial centre of the precinct. The existing spaces are often of poor quality and underutilised.

Additionally, the built form of stores are distinctly seperated from the public realm - keeping the street as throughfare rather than a place to stay.

Engaging the amenities Engagement of the amenities and public spaces with achieved through activated the interfaces around them.

Key spaces include: Madden Square: Activating the the surrounding laneways can help the square become more visible to pedestrians.

Footscray Station Forecourt: Introducing of kiosk types shops, improved public furniture design and placement and increased greening can help create a local space for future events such as a market.

Footscray Community Arts Centre Forecourt: Blending the arts centre with the surrounding streets can help connect the centre with the rest of the precinct.

Why is this proposed?

Location

How do public open spaces benefits development?

Public open spaces are good for business Public spaces can increase vitality in a street and stimulate economic acivity for retailers by attracting people to an area. It have been shown that commercial trading can rise up to 40% when improvements to public spaces are made in town centres.

Public spaces can help increase land value and attract new businesses to the area.

Actions Action 1.1: Undertake a detailed design proposal to reconfigure Footscray Station forecourt to deliver a local open space.

Action 1.2: Investigate open space opportunities at: •

Car park at the corner of Hopkins St and Moore Street.

•

Car parking lot of Irving St, while ensure that loading access needs are still met

•

Nicholson Street

•

Whitehall Street: Ryco Land & Australia Croation Association Car Park

•

Wingfield Street

•

Footscray Community Arts Centre Forecourt on facing Moreland Street

Action 1.3: Require buildings have a minimum of 30% active frontages on boundaries that face a laneway, street or public space.

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STRUCTURE PLAN

Activity Centre Zone Exiting Public Space Potential Public Square Potential Forecourt Potential Linear Park

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2.3

Existing Conditions

Location

Update the supply and management of on-street parking spaces What is being proposed?

On street parking will be gradually reduced in recognition of role in generating vehicular trips and increasing traffic congestion. In particular, perpendicular parking consume much of the space available in the street and the leave the streetscape visually dominated by cars.

Much of the need for these parking spaces in the precinct is outdated especially in areas south of the precinct which is transitioning from a light industries land use.

Image: Moreland Street Source: Google Maps 2018

Actions Action 5.1: Investigate opportunities to remove perpendicular parking. throughout the precinct along Moreland Street, Donald Street and Newell Street.

Reclaiming these spaces could provide great opportunities to improve the public realm, pedestrian safety, and congestion issues.

Image Donald Street Aerial Image Souce: Nearmap, 2018

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Action 5.2: Investigate alternative uses of reclaimed space that better serve the objectives of a healthy precinct such as bicycle parking, parklets, and green spaces.

Action 5.3: Create a timeline to gradually remove parking spaces identified in the long term.

STRUCTURE PLAN

2.4

Location

Transform Hopkins, Whitehall and Moore Streets from Arterial Roads into Main Street with High Mobility What is being proposed?

Hopkins St, Moore Street and Whitehall streets are currently arterial roads with freight vehicles and heavy traffic. These roads are unsafe for pedestrians and cyclists - causing the precinct to be fragmented. These roads must change to become more accessible for walking residents and cyclists in order to unify the precinct.

With the upcoming completion of the West Gate Tunnel in 2022, which will redirect much of the road traffic, the function of the roads as crucial frieght routes will signficantly reduce if not cease. Changing Hopkins Street and Whitehall Street into main streets will help create a strong spine for economic development in the activity centre.

Actions Action 4.9: Advocate to VicRoads to change Hopkins Street, Whitehall Street and Moore Street from arterial to local roads.

Action 4.10: Enforce speed limits of 40km/h and investigate traffic calming measures to improve pedestrian safety.

Action 4.11: Prepare a masterplan to reconfigure the street hierachy to prioritise pedestrians and cyclists and improve the public realm.

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Proposed Road Changes

Local Centre ACZ1 (Activity Centre) Arterial Road (Named Highway) Arterial Road Municipal Road Map: Proposed Road Changes and Local Centre (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

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STRUCTURE PLAN

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Image: Sam Hill, 2018

STRUCTURE PLAN

BUILDING FOR A DIVERSE & LOCALISED COMMUNITY Paragraph Title West Melbourne is an inner urban area of Melbourne CBD This is the second paragraph for this page movement works downwards.

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3.1 Help Deliver Diverse Affordable Housing in Footscray.

What is being proposed?

Having strong built form controls will help land and property values from escalating and help footscray remain one of the most affordable inner city suburbs Set a precinct affordable housing stock of 30% the current social housing lack in diversiy of housing typologies - majority detached single storey homes or town housing which does not cater equally to all household types.

Herzberg Public Housing, Vienna

inconjunction with the special use zoning proposal redevelopment of these areas can help increase the number of social housing units and creates the opportunity to diversify the housing typologies

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Location Architects: AllesWirdGut Architektur + feld72 Location Vienna, Austria Client EGW Heimstätte + ÖVW Österreichisches Wohnungswerk Area 20212.0 m2 Project Year 2011 Photographs Hertha Hurnaus Description: The idea behind the Herzberg development is to create a built structure which combines a variety of residential offerings into one neighborhood that facilitates different ways of living.

Combing urban design and architecture to achieve desirable development outcomes The design includes a diverse types of housing typologies including: single-person rooftop apartment with a large terrace, flexible (blended) family apartments, apartments with dividable living rooms that create temporary bedrooms needed.

It also incorporates several urban-design typologies including multi family townhouses along a street with a plaza, apartments surrounding a ‘green’ courtyard, and several detached block buildings.

The arrangement of the developments on the estate also functions as a transitional building - from the low density detached housing in the east to the large commercial malls in the east.

Actions Action 3.1: Deliver medium density (4 - 6 storeys) social housing developments with mix of unit types.

Action 3.2: Develop and implement strong incentives to encourage developers to build affordable housing stock (See Built Form) Action 3.3: Set an precinct affordable housing stock target of 30% by 2040.

STRUCTURE PLAN

3.2

Location

Create a Childhood Development Precinct What is being Proposed?

The primary aims of the proposal are: •

To allow construction of medium density social housing developments (up to 5 storeys) to meet the growing demand for more affordable housing in the future.

•

To facilitate mixed use, particularly the provision of community services for families such as a toy library, op shops and open studios.

•

To better utilise larger lots and ambiguous ‘semi-public spaces’ (such as large council nature stips) to create a welcoming, high quality open spaces for the community.

Actions

Map: (Right) Proposed New SUZ Zoning (Nancy Yoo, 2018)

Why is this Proposed?

Action 1.4: Rezone area bounded by Moore St, Newell St, Leunig Pl and Stirling/Beever St into a Special Use Zone (SUZ).

Action 1.5: Prepare a SUZ schedule to facilitate the development of a Childhood Development Hub.

Spatial Analysis shows that a high concentration of children are living in the north-east residential areas of the precinct. These areas coincide with social housing developments - indicating that many children of these children are likely from disadvantaged homes.

Currently, the area is dominated by single storey homes that create a low density, low plot cover type of urban form which does not utilise its space effectively.

Image: Representation of New Social Housing Height Limits (Adapted from Google Maps, 2018)

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Australia’s Student Housing Market

3.3 Facilitate the Provision of more Student Housing in Footscray.

Location

Intense growth in demand for student housing across all of Australia has been predicted due to an rapid increase in full-time domestic and international tertiary students.

Key findings from the 2018 Student Housing Knight Frank Report for Australia: •

In 2017, there was a international student to PBSA bed ration of 3.6:1 - 337,117 full time international Tertiary Education students and only 93,890 PBSA bedspaces.

•

The main factors that prevent student housing projects from being completed is the availability of suitable development sites and the financial liability of student accomodation.

•

A lack quality student housing can be detrimental to a university’s reputation and its appeal to attract the best students.

Actions Action 3.4: Partner with Victoria University and Prepare a Market and Feasibility Assessment to understand the needs of the local student population.

Action 3.5: Develop Student Housing Design Guidelines to ensure that affordable, sustainable student housing with a unit mix is delivered to the precinct.

Action 3.6: Help connect Purpose Built Student Accommodation (PBSA) developers to potential areas.for project developments.

Action 3.7: Implement policy limiting nonPBSA student housing in the precinct.

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3.6 : 1 Student to Bed Ratio

Purpose Built Student Accomodation (PBSA) can be loosely defined as accommodation designed specifically for student living often characterised by several student flats or studios with shared living amenties and social spaces (London House Exchange Limited, 2018)

STRUCTURE PLAN

What is being Proposed?

Footscray has two Victoria University campuses located within its boundaries. A high proportion of student-aged population living in the area indicates there is a great opportunity to attract investment and capital to create more good quality and affordable student housing.

Developing a Specialised Student Housing Market

Phase 3: Complementary policy to help restructure the current student housing market In order to help propel the PBSA market forward and help alleviate pressure of local housing market, local policy favouring PBSA over multiple occupancy use in the affordable housing market that would otherwise be rented to families and non-student groups. Policy that restricts the number of student housing outside of PBSA should be developed and implemented.

Phase 1: Feasibility And Market Assessment Surveys and other primary research methods should be used to identify student housing needs and preference trends.

Investigation of specific demographics and psychographics should be included such as financial capacity of students and developers, feeders schools, specialised degree programs, proportion of under-graduate and graduate students.

Market analysis to determine required housing supply should also be included.

Phase 2: Unit Mix And Amenity Planning Amenties and unit mixes that encourage healthy and social living should be recommended and incentives such as extra bike storage or sporting equipment.

These should respond to student demographic analysis acquired in phase one and should assist in fulfuilling precinct healthy and housing affordability objectives.

A inclusive range of price points should be offered to meet the varing demands of students no matter what income group.

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3.4

Location

Change residential streets to prioritise the needs of children, residents, pedestrians and cyclists What is being proposed?

The purpose of this proposal is to enhance the safety and amenities for families with children in the area and to compliment the new SUZ schedule in DEVELOPMENT. Selected streets will be transformed into shared residential streets. The street will be redesign and new design elements such as pocket parks, rest stops and coloured pavement/signage to improve wayfinding for walking and cycling can be added into the public realm.

Such intervention will also help add distinctive character to the neighbourhood.

TrinityHaus, 2013

Actions Action 5.7: Produce and implement detailed design plans to transform the following streets into shared residential streets: •

Beevers, Palmers, Vipoint , Greer Streets

•

Leunig and Railways Place, Jaimeson Avenue

•

Stirling Street (from Moore to Beevers Street)

•

Donald Street (from Moore Stto Railway Place)

•

Cowper Street (from Newell to Ryan Street)

•

Ryan Street (from Cowper to Railway Place)

Action 5.8: Produce and implement design plans to deliver pocket parks in residential zones.

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STRUCTURE PLAN

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Image: Nancy Yoo, 2018

STRUCTURE PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Paragraph Title West Melbourne is an inner urban area of Melbourne CBD This is the second paragraph for this page movement works downwards.

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Implementation Development Action

Responsibility

Timeframe

Action 1.1: Undertake a detailed design proposal to reconfigure Footscray Station forecourt to deliver a local open space.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 1.2: Investigate open space opportunities at street specified throught the precinct:

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 1.3: Require buildings have a minimum of 30% active frontages on boundaries that face a laneway, street or public space.

Maribyrnong City Council

Ongoing

Action 1.4: Rezone area bounded by Moore St, Newell St, Leunig Pl and Stirling/Beever St into a Special Use Zone (SUZ).

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 1.5: Prepare a SUZ schedule to facilitate the development of a Childhood Development Hub.

Maribyrnong City Council

M

Action 1.2: Investigate open space opportunities at street specified throught the precinct:

Maribyrnong City Council

Ongoing

Responsibility

Timeframe

Action 2.1: Update the ACZ Schedule to include new FAR controls.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 2.2: Make Amendments to the Activity Centre Zone Schedule for Footscray to enforce tower seperation and minimum open space requirements for residential developments

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Type

Action

Type

Built Form

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TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Housing Action

Responsibility

Timeframe

Action 3.1: Deliver medium density (4 - 6 storeys) social housing developments with mix of unit types.

Maribyrnong City Council

M

Action 3.2: Develop and implement strong incentives to encourage developers to build affordable housing stock (See Built Form)

Maribyrnong City Council

L

Action 3.3: Set an precinct affordable housing stock target of 30% by 2040.

Maribyrnong City Council

L

Action 3.4: Partner with Victoria University and Prepare a Market and Feasibility Assessment to understand the needs of the local student population.

Victoria University Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 3.5: Develop Student Housing Design Guidelines to ensure that affordable, sustainable student housing with a unit mix is delivered to the precinct.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 3.6: Help connect Purpose Built Student Accommodation (PBSA) developers to potential areas.for project developments.

Maribyrnong City Council

Ongoing

Action 3.7: Implement policy limiting non-PBSA student housing in the precinct.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Responsibility

Timeframe

Transport for Victoria

M

PTV Maribyrnong City Council

S

Type

Access & Movement Type

Action Action 4.1: Advocate to Transport for Victoria for rerouting local bus routes Action 4.2: Develop and implement a design plan for a centralised bus interchange at the north of Irving Street

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Access & Movement Action

Responsibility

Timeframe

Transport for Victoria

M-L

Maribyrnong City Council

S-M

Transport for Victoria

S

Action 4.6: Identify potential new laneways that provide better pedestrian access to public spaces and amenities

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 4.7: Densify the street network through enouraging developers to provide active laneways on large developments

Maribyrnong City Council

M-L

Action 4.8: Investigate opportunities to widen pedestrian paths, improve paving and lighting on pedestrian priority ways.

Maribyrnong City Council

S, M

VicRoads

S

Action 4.10: Enforce speed limits of 40km/h and investigate traffic calming measures to improve pedestrian safety.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 4.11: Prepare a masterplan to reconfigure the street hierachy to prioritise pedestrians and cyclists and improve the public realm.

Maribyrnong City Council

S-M

Transport for Victoria

S-M

Type

Action 4.3: Advocate to Transport for Victoria for an agreed timeline to construct additional pedestrian exits for Footscray Railway Station Action 4.4: Implement the upgrades to the precinct street bicycle network Action 4.5: Advocate to Public Transport Victoria to require two external bike racks on all public buses

Action 4.9: Advocate to VicRoads to change Hopkins Street, Whitehall Street and Moore Street from arterial to local roads.

Action 4.12: Advocate to Transport Victoria for:upgrades to tram network

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maribyrnong.vic.gov.au

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT

Action

Stakeholders

Timeframe

Action 5.1: Investigate opportunities to remove perpendicular parking.throughout the precinct along Moreland Street, Donald Street and Newell Street.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 5.2: Investigate alternative uses of reclaimed space that better serve the objectives of a healthy precinct such as bicycle parking, parklets, and green spaces.

Maribyrnong City Council

S

Action 5.3: Create a timeline to gradually remove parking spaces identified in the long term.

Maribyrnong City Council

L

Action 5.4: Repave Rowy (Right of Ways) with plants, pervious or reflective materials.

Maribyrnong City Council

M

AAction 5.5: Investigate opportunities to repave streets with water sensitive materials

Maribyrnong City Council

S-M

Action 5.6: Continue to deliver the Maribyrnong Street Tree Planting Strategy

Maribyrnong City Council

Ongoing

Action 5.7: Produce and implement detailed design plans to transform streets into shared residential streets:

Maribyrnong City Council

M

Action 5.8: Produce and implement design plans to deliver pocket parks in residential zones.

Maribyrnong City Council

M

Type

Public Realm

Policy

S

Short Term (o-5yrs)

Research / Investigation

M

Medium Term (5-10yrs)

Design & Deliver

L

Long Term (10-20yrs)

Advocacy & Partnership

maribyrnong.vic.gov.au

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Friends of Newells Paddock. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.newellspaddock.org.au/ Johanson, S (2013). Tower boom on horizon as developers eye Footscray. Retrieved from https:// www.smh.com.au/business/companies/tower-boom-on-horizon-asdeveloperseye-footscray-20130813-2ruhx.htm Maribyrnong City Council. (2012). Maribyrnong Integrated Transport Strategy, April 2012. Retrieved from https://www.maribyrnong.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/forms/ full_maribyrnong_integrated_transport_strategy_2012.pdf Maribyrnong City Council (2018). The history of Footscray and surrounds. Retrieved from https:// www.maribyrnong.vic.gov.au/Discover-Maribyrnong/Our-history-andheritage/ The-history-of-Footscray-and-surrounds Maribyrnong City Council. (2011). FOOTSCRAY PARK MASTERPLAN 2011. City of Maribyrnong.

Maribyrnong City Council. (2014). City of Maribyrnong Open Space Strategy. City of Maribyrnong.

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Near Maps (2018). Retrieved from http://maps.au.nearmap.com/?_ga=2.229988956.1750007470.14986192011151576586.1498619201

of regeneration: Complexity in the regeneration of Hulme, Manchester. Emergence:

Palmer, G. (2006). Single Person Households - Issues that JRF should be thinking about. York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Maribyrnong City Council. (2011). FOOTSCRAY PARK MASTERPLAN 2011. City of Maribyrnong.

VicRoads (2017). VicRoads Open Data: Traffic Volumes.

Retrieved from https://vicroadsopendata-vicroadsmaps.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/traffic-volume Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA). (2018). LGA Profiler. Retrieved from https://public.tableau.com/profile/vista#!/vizhome/VISTA-\ LGAProfilerAccess/LocalGovernmentAreaprofiles Wilkinson, R., Marmot, M. (2003) The Solid Facts. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.

Zhou, X., & Parves Rana, M. (2012). Social benefits of urban green space. Management Of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 23(2), 173-189. doi: 10.1108/14777831211204921 Alves, L. (2017). The Coolest Neighborhoods in SĂŁo Paulo. Retrieved from https://theculturetrip.com/ south-america/brazil/articles/the10-coolest-neighborhoods-in-sao-paulo/ Australian Bureau Statistics. (2016). Counting Employed Persons, Place of Work, TableBuilder, Findings based on use of ABS TableBuilder data.

Maribyrnong City Council. (2012). Maribyrnong Integrated Transport Strategy, April 2012. Retrieved from https://www.maribyrnong.vic.gov.au/files/assets/ public/forms/full_maribyrnong_integrated_transport_strategy_2012.pdf Moobela, C. (2005). From worst slum to best example

Complexity and Organisation.

Maribyrnong City Council. (2014). City of Maribyrnong Open Space Strategy. City of Maribyrnong.

Near Maps (2018). Retrieved from http://maps.au.nearmap.com/?_ga=2.229988956.1750007470.14986192011151576586.1498619201 Nobre, E. (1994). Towards A Better Approach To Urban Regeneration: defining strategies for intervention in the central area of Sao Paulo.

Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK REA Group. (2018). Footscray. Retrived from https:// www.realestate.com.au/neighbourhoods/footscray3011-vic Schofield, L. (2017). New Practices in Urban Transformation: Towards Inclusionary Heritage 27/11/2017.

Retrieved from http://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/dpublog/tag/ bixiga/ Widmer, Celine; Kubler; Daniel (2014). Regenerating urban neighbourhoods in Europe: eight case studies in six European countries.

Auarau: Zentrum for Demokratie.

Victorian State Government. (2017). Metropolitan Planning Strategy; Plan Melbourne. Retrieved from http://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0009/377127/PlanMelbourne_2017-2050_ Summary.pdf