Teenergy Schools Action Plan - part 2

Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

Pilot Project Scientific High School Barsanti, Viareggio New Building A new school building in Viareggio has become necessary to reallocate the Barsanti e Matteucci Institute considering the urgent needs for new spaces, impossible to carry out at the current location of that school. Actually, the Barsanti e Matteucci High school has about 900 students. There for the new school should be capable of hosting at least 1000 pupils The Province of Lucca, while establishing the program for the new school to be built, listed the following aspects that should be integrated in the planning process: Use of bioclimatic principles aiming at: • architectural quality and energetic efficiency in all seasons • advanced heating and passive cooling technology, • efficient natural and artificial lighting • excellent quality of air through natural ventilation technology • good acoustic quality inside the building use of sustainable, climate appropriate building materials • participatory process involving all stakeholders of the school environment From the study of the solar path, the school building’s shape was defined in order to optimize the solar gains during the winter time. Furthermore, the main wind fluctuation and directions were studied to create efficient ventilation patterns to be used inside of the building. The ventilation system is managed by several central zenithal openings that work as a natural extractor of exhausted air and as aspiration

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chimney for the passive, ground cooling system. Secondary under-floor ventilation guarantees fresh air circulation for the classrooms and natural cooling using the thermal mass of the building.

The ventilated facades, through the use of a double-skin envelope help to reduce the incidence of the solar radiation, thus avoiding summer overheating phenomena inside the building. The horizontal sun shading elements control the penetration of the solar radiation.

Pilot Project Viareggio Arch. Leonardo Boganini, Arch. Valentina Simonetti, Ing. Antingonorota Elisabett, Ing. Filio Xenofontos Arch. Rosa Romano ( tutor)

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High Energy Effect Building Envelope Wall

Windows

Roof

Insulation

Insulation

Insulation

Thermal mass

Shading Device

Thermal mass

Natural material Ventilated cladding

Ventilated System Double Skin Facades

Natural material Integrated PV and Solar Thermal Systems

Gruop 1

Building Management System

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High Energy Supply System Lighting Solar chimney Natural daylight Monitoring Dedicated windows

Cooling

Heating

Geothermal System

Geothermal System

Natural ventilation

Radiant floor

E-stak chimney

Solar thermal pannels

Grid in windows

Shading device Energy Lamp Visual comfort

Gruop 1

Building Management System

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Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

Pilot Project High Scientific School “Vallisneri”, Lucca Arch. Rosa Romano, Arch. Alessandra Carta

The Vallisneri High Scientific School is located in the city of Lucca. It is organized as a campus, with four separated buildings.

The building built in the 1960 was selected as Pilot project.

During the energy audit, the following issues have been identified: • the walls are not insulated as the ground floor too. A recently maintenance covered the roof, creating an insulated concrete slab; • the windows, characterised by wooden frame and single glazed, are in very bad condition; • the heating system is characterised by a main “vertical distribution” of the heated air, with pipes embedded in the interior side of the external walls and with the horizontal pipes installed in the floor slab; • the heating systems terminals (radiators) are placed on the external walls under the windows; • the infrared thermographic analysis highlights a large numeber of thermal bridges and thermal heat losses from the building to the outside; • the installed heating boilers are characterised by a low quality level The proposed project has focused on a series of actions in order to limit costs for winter heating consumption through a careful budget analysis The adopted energy saving strategies are: - thermal insulation of outer shell ( walls and roof);

- Replacement of the existing wooden windows with high thermal performance windows (with aluminium frame and insulated glass characterised by low emissivity film and a layer to prevent overheating in summer).

- Insertion of little ventilation openings into the windows’ frames, in order to facilitate air exchange inside classrooms and to reduce the amount of CO2 concentration (harmful to the students by lowering the level of attention).

- Replacement of the existing heating system with a radiant floor, which will reduce energy consumption ensuring optimum indoor comfort conditions.

- Replacement of steel boilers with condensing boilers, which will reduce energy consumption and will limit its environmental impact by reducing CO2 emission.

- Use of a centralised control system in order to obtain the optimal indoor conditions by: regulating the heating system, opening and closing windows. Thanks to this control system it is possible to have a constant monitoring of the thermal conditions into the classrooms, in relation to the external and indoor temperatures (indoor temperature in school buildings is particularly influenced by the presence of users and/or electronic equipments).

All these strategies led to a reduction of the energy consumption up to 39% (calculated energy consumption value= 22 kWh/m³ year), bringing CO2 emissions from 8.99 to 5.66 kgCO2/mc year, and with an estimated saving of “€ 10.910,00” per year for the heating consumption.

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Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

Pilot project Secondary School “F. d’Aguirre” Salemi, Trapani Ing. Piero Lo Monaco, Arch. Carola Arrivas Bajardi

The school building selected for the pilot project is located in Salemi, a small town of the province of Trapani, western Sicily (Southern Italy).

The climate in Sicily is the so called ‘Mediterranean’, which is a local variant of the temperate climatic zone which extends between the cold climatic zone and subtropical zone around the Mediterranean sea. This type of climate is characterized by a dry and hot season during the summer months and a season which is moderately cold and humid during the winter season.

The building, which houses the secondary school for the study of humanities “D’Agguire”, was built in 1988 and it is situated on the edge of the town of Salemi at about 150 meters away from a ridge of limestone.

It has a total floor area of 2656 m2 (ground floor 1478 m2, first floor 1178 m2) and is occupied by 20 teachers, 220 students and 14 employees.

The primary spaces are: the halls and corridors making up 32% of the whole building floor area, the classrooms (19%), and the gymnasium (13%).

The external walls are made of reinforced concrete without thermal insulation, therefore have a very high transmittance. The exception being the outer wall of the gymnasium that is made of cellular concrete and glass blocks and has a low transmittance of 0.37 W/m²K. The building has two types of roof both without thermal insulation, one is made of a classic brick based slab and the other is made of reinforced concrete.

Thanks to the skylights and the high windows, the 58% of the building’s total floor area

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(central corridor, gymnasium and halls) do not need the lights turned on during sunny days. The high windows can also be opened, this provides some ventilation from outside, which enters the classrooms through the grates in the doors. The windows of the other rooms (classrooms, offices, meeting rooms and library) have double glazing, but the frames (aluminum without thermal break) are in poor condition.

The building is mainly north and south facing. South-facing windows have blinds for classrooms and offices to protect them against solar radiation.

The lighting system is principally with compact fluorescent lights and some standard incandescent. The hot water system has an electric heater only for the office toilets. The cooling system is only with split units, that are located in the offices, the library and the meeting room and are turned on about 3 hours per day.

The heating system is centralized using methane gas, the boiler and the heat distribution system are insulated. Despite the heating is turned on 5 hours per day from the 1st December to 31st March, the split units are also used for heating the offices, expecially in February (higher electricity consumption). This is because the central heating system is not sufficient to heat the whole school.

The school building was chosen for the inefficiencies founded in recent years, in particular for the high transmittance of the opaque envelope, the insufficient heating system and cooling system and also the absence of occupants’ awareness which could be achieved through a building management

system.

The Teenergy School project has been a useful opportunity to perform the energy audit, carried out through the collaboration between Trapani Province and ARPA Sicily, and then to implement the pilot project of the building’s energy recovery.

The administration’s intention is to complete the route taken with the Teenergy -School Project and to achieve the complete energy recovery of the school building D’Agguire.

SECONDARY SCHOOL “F. D’AGUIRRE” Salemi Athens CAMPUS Workshop Group: Ing. Sosanna Nikolaidou Arch. Marco Del Monte Arch. Roberta Cuccia Ing. Martha Katafygiotou Arch. Milagros Villalta (tutor)

Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

Pilot project Secondary School ROSINA SALVO, Trapani

The school building selected for the Pilot Project is located in Trapani, in western Sicily. The climate in Sicily is the so called ‘Mediterranean’, which is a local variant of the temperate climatic zone which extends between the cold climatic zone and subtropical zone around the Mediterranean sea. This type of climate is characterized by a dry and hot season during the summer months and a season which is moderately cold and humid during the winter season.

The secondary school “Rosina Salvo” is situated in the city centre, at about 200 meters from the port of Trapani; it was built between 1950 and 1955, then it was renovated in 2003-04 partially. It has a total floor area of 3623 m2 (ground floor 1189 m2, first floor 1257 m2, second floor 1177 m2) and is occupied by 36 teachers, 795 students and 22 employees.

The primary spaces are: the entrances and corridors making up 23% of the whole building floor area; the classrooms (38%); and the gymnasium (7%).

The building has a basement that is used as deposit and archive, and it is structurally divided into two parts. The new wing, where there is the gymnasium, has a reinforced concrete structure, with external walls in blocks of calcareous sandstone without thermal insulation; the rest of the building has a masonry load-bearing structure in blocks of calcareous sandstone without thermal insulation.

The calculated transmittance of the walls is quite high: 1,3 W/m2K of the ground floor and first floor walls; 1,8 W/m2K of the second floor

walls. All the floors of the building are made of a classic brick based slab without thermal insulation. The windows of the rooms are in good condition, they have double glazing and aluminium frames without thermal break.

The school building is surrounded by an area of relevance used for the outdoor activities, beyond this lie the street and the buildings.

The two wings, where there are the most part of the classrooms, are mainly East and West facing. The lighting system basically consists in compact fluorescent lights and some halogen lights. The cooling system is mainly with split units, that are located in the offices and meeting room, and are turned on about 38 hours per week.

The heating system is centralized using methane gas, the boiler and the heat distribution system are insulated. The heating system is turned on 6 hours per day from the 1st December to 31st March, and it is sufficient to heat the whole school building.

The building was chosen as Pilot Project mainly because of its location: it is situated on a coastal area that is also highly urbanized. The building is an interesting case of study because it represents well the typical location of several existing school buildings in the province of Trapani. The school building was chosen also for its inefficient performances, monitored during the recent years, in particular for the high transmittance of the opaque envelope (horizontal structures, walls and windows) and the lighting levels in the classrooms and gymnasium influenced by the very close built context.

The Teenergy Schools project has been a useful opportunity to perform the energy audit and then to make different suggestions in order to solve the energy problems of the building and to achieve its best energy efficient retrofitting.

Especially for the school building “Rosina Salvo” it has been proposed: •

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the replacement of existing windows, the thermal insulation of the roof and of the walls to reduce the energy consumptions; the installation of PV panels to meet the residual demand of energy, producing electricity from renewable sources, the installation of ceiling fan and the use of the vegetation to improve the microclimate and the natural ventilation; the placement of shading devices, lightshelf and solar tubes to improve and control the natural lighting and the indoor comfort globally.

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Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

Pilot project in Cyprus Arch. Despina Serghides, CUT Cyprus

The public schools in Cyprus, including the selected pilot schools for the TEENERGY project Omodos High School in the mountain climatic zone and Theoskepasti High School for the coastal zone, have no executive authorization to implement any energy efficient design measures, on their own accord.

However, there is a strong political interest in Cyprus today, to make improvements on the energy efficiency of schools. It is the main aim of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Cyprus to design the new school buildings for energy conservation and with energy efficient measures (energy categorization, class A or B). For this reason the terms of the design of the new school building, for competitions or otherwise, have as imperative basis the bioclimatic design principles. It is also the policy of the Ministry to upgrade the energy efficiency of existing school buildings. In this framework, the buildings that are undergoing major renovation with total area more than 1000m2 must improve their energy efficiency as provided by the new legislation of the EU Directive 2002 / 91/EC. Furthermore, the Ministry of Education already started the implementation of renewable energy sources in the school buildings, such as the installation of photovoltaic systems.

The anticipated aim is the installation of photovoltaic systems in all public school buildings in Cyprus. The thermal insulation of the roof of each and every school and the introduction of shading devices are also in the plans of the Ministry. The Ministry has also initiated a study to install solar heating in five

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schools and to conclude to a “Zero Energy School Building� in Nicosia district.

It is envisaged that eventually all the public school buildings in Cyprus will be further upgraded with the adoption of advanced energy-efficient practices and techniques.

Omodos High School - Athens CAMPUS Workshop Group: Arch. Alessandra Carta Arch. Paloma Diletta Maria Damiano Ing. Georgios Oikonomou Arch. Kyriakos Themistolus (tutor)

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Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

Pilot Project in Granada Dr. Gonzalo Esteban, Energy Agency, County Council of Granada

Both Institutes selected in the province have being chosen because of their energy consumption and possibilities to get improving actions, as well as because of their situation in CITY and COAST, and the difficulties that we could find on improving the buildings.

The selected institutes are:

The School of Arts and Crafts of Granada: Located in the city of Granada. This is found in the western most part of the Granada basin, at the base of the Sierra Nevada.

The grenadine climate is typical of the continental Mediterranean: fresh in winter, with widespread freezing; and hot in summer with maximum temperatures exceeding 35ºC. The daily temperature variation is large throughout the whole year, often exceeding 20ºC in one day. Rainfall is mainly during the winter and annual rainfall levels are not high. The School is located in the city centre of Granada.

The School is inserted in a homogenous urban area, made up of narrow one-way streets with buildings up to 4 floors tall.

Urban development follows a block type system: high density housing and street level shops with orientation in southeastnorthwest direction.

The best result in terms of energy saving shown by the study of CO2 emissions, demonstrate that the execution of the Pilot Project on Level 02, will brings an emissions reduction of 119.186 kg CO2 per year.

The secondary School IES “La Zafra”: Located in the town of Motril on the Grenadine coast. This municipality, located between the mountain range of the Sierra de Lújar and the mediterranean sea (Alborán Sea), affords the area a true “subtropical” climate, with average annual temperatures of between 17-18ºC. Summers are hot (2530ºC) and winters are mild (12-13ºC) whilst freezing conditions are an exception in the area. On the other hand, the annual sunshine levels for the area are exceptional, it receives around 3000 hours of solar radiation per year.

The secondary school IES “La Zafra” is located in the street Vicente Aleixandre nº 6, in the area known as San Antonio-Calle Ancha. This area extends out over a south facing downward slope, characterized by a homogenous urban development: blocks houses constructed during the 1960-70´s.

In this area the water supply and waste water infrastructure are old and the drainage systems do not work as they should do, resulting in problems in interior spaces of

the buildings that, in addition, do not have any basements.

The best result in terms of energy saving shown by the study of CO2 emissions, demonstrate that the execution of the Pilot Project on Level 02, will brings an emissions reduction of 80.520 kg CO2 per year.

On both Institutes the approach have being the same: The improvements arising from the implementation of these measures have being demonstrated through the realization of energy-simulations, carried out at each level of the project plan with the program most suited to that stage, according to their specific demands: • Level 1: LIDER (LEVEL 01 - REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION) • Level 2: CALENER GT (LEVEL 02 COMPLIANCE WITH CTE AND RITE) • Level 3: ECODESIGNER (Graphisoft) (LEVEL 03 - QUALITY ASSURED SUSTAINABILITY) The cost of these measures in the different levels has being evaluated as: School of Arts and Crafts of Granada Level 1: 959.685,48 € or 215,51 €/m2 Level 2: 1.069.925,53 € or 240,27 €/m2 Level 3: 474.860,08 € or 106,64 €/m2

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Building solutions for improving energy efficiency

School IES “La Zafra” Level 1: 519.773,44 € or 85,28 €/m2 Level 2: 1.409.074,59 € or 231,18 €/m2 Level 3: 994.701,29 € or 163,20 €/m2 The main measures proposed to be taken in the institutes are: PROTECTION FROM SUNLIGHT • THERMAL INSULATION • LIGHTING • NATURAL VENTILATION • INSTALLATION OF UNDERFLOOR HEATING • COOLING WITH REVERSIBLE HEAT PUMP

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• PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS • AIR-DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM • REDESIGN OF THE MAIN PATIO • RELOCATION OF THE SCHOOL CAFÉ • BUILDING WATER MANAGEMENT • “LIVING” ROOF • LIVING WALLS • INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL • SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING (“SOLAR ADVANCLIM”)

Athens CAMPUS Workshop Group: Ing. Costis Borussis NKUA Arch. Raffaella De Simone Ing. Anagnostou Sani Georgia Arch. Valentina Chiocca Ing. Michalis Chrysaphis Arch. Jose Antonio Mendez Serrano (Tutor) MITRA INGENIERIA Ing. David García Mitra Ing. Javier Paneque