Atherosclerosis, or the thickening of the arterial wall, is a result of the accumulation of fatty compounds, forming plaques1. The rupturing of these atherosclerotic plaques are underlying causes of most cardiovascular related deaths, such as strokes and heart attacks. Atherosclerosis is brought on by coronary artery disease (CAD), and is a major issue facing the modern world. In a 2005 Nature publication, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of cannabis was demonstrated2, but certain typical limitations subdued further research. Willem Mulder, a bio-engineer (working in NYC and Amsterdam), is now developing nanoparticle formulations of cannabis to overcome these limitiations.
High on Nano aims to familiarize the general public with the work of the Nanomedicine Team at the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute. It supports the development of new therapeutic paradigms, and also advocates the application of new financial instruments to accelerate the clinical translation of nanotherapy for atherosclerosis patients.
Cannabinoids, a hydrophobic compound found in marijuana, lower inflammation by activating the CB1 or CB2 receptor. Low doses of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has proven to have benefits in anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
In order to better utilize therapies, nanoparticle formulations are being developed which reduce systemic and psychotropic effects, while increasing efficacy and bioavailability. By exploiting the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect (figure below), nanoparticles accumulate at atherosclerotic sites3. Local delivery of THC through nanoparticle schemes allows for efficient use of substance. Combination of nanotherapy and imaging allows the tracking of bio distribution and delivery. The Translational and Molecular imaging Institute Nanomedicine Team, is developing nanoparticle designs and formulations specifically designed for cannabis, in order to exploit its anti-atherosclerotic effects.
Many new and developing leaps in the field of nanotechnology are evolving in order to facilitate faster and more efficient production of nanoparticle therapies. Microfluidics is an emerging technology which allows for speedy manufacturing of nanoparticles by using micro channels as well as micro-vortices (see figure below).
1: Libby P, et al. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature. 2011 May 19;473(7347):31725. 2: Steffens S, et al. Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):782-6. 3: Lobatto M.E., et al. Perspectives and opportunities for nanomedicine in the management of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Oct 21;10(11):835-52.