Nanodentistry: nanotechnological impact on dental materials and procedures Tijana Lainović
1,
Larisa Blažić
1,2
1 Faculty
of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia 2 Clinic of Dentistry of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia Nanopaprika-profile page url: http://www.nanopaprika.eu/profile/TijanaLainovic
Nanodentistry, as a term, has been firstly widely used by Freitas R., in JADA, in 2000. Since then, many definitions for this nanotechnology application field were given. Nanodentistry is the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing oral and dental disease, relieving pain, and of preserving and improving dental health, using nanoscale-structured materials. There are numerous nanotechnological applications in dentistry, in investigation, or already in form of commercially available products at the market. There is a wide list of currently or potentially used nanomodified products and procedures in dentistry, and they are briefly listed below. Nanodiagnostics and nanotreatments: Operative and restorative dentisty. improved oral diagnostic procedures and monitoring tools dental nanocomposites with improved mechanical, chemical and optical for health maintenance, enabling earlier desease detection, properties; as well as timely conducted therapeutic procedures. biomimetic tooth analogue materials, mimicking enamel and dentin Orthodontics: nanometer-scale architecture, and anisotropic nature – leading to minimally dental nanorobots could potentially manipulate periodontal invasive tooth removal procedures; tissues, allowing positioning the teeth to the desired positions. restorative composites with antimicrobial nano-agents; nano fluoride releasing materials. Oral cancer treatment: dental local nanocontainers can be placed in oral environment for local drug delivery in order to treat oral cancer or other disease. Dental restorative nanocomposites Chen M.H. Update of dental nanocomposites, J Dent Res 2010;89:549-560
Dental nanorobots, Nanomedicine Art Gallery Cover illustration by Peter Solarz. The Journal of the American Dental Association.
Bone augmentation, GTR (Guided tissue regeneration), GBR (Guided bone regeneration), GPR (Guided periodontal regeneration): scaffols, membranes, artifical bone foams and injectable systems with nanoparticles for osseoconducting and better quality of osseointegration; nanocarriers with osteogenic growth factors and antibacterial drugs etc.
Endodontics: pulp and periodontal tissue healing and regeneration procedures using new active nanobiomaterials for endodontic tissue regenerations. Scaffolds with nanofibers for guided tissue regeneration Bhat SR, Kudva AR, Shetty HK, Shenoy A. Nanodentistry: A realistic future!. Arch Med Health Sci 2013;1:178-82
Dental pulp regeneration Nanomedicine @ Future Science Group http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/776648_6
Endoosseous dental root implants impovements: implant surface nanomodifications for better and faster osseointegration, enabling earlier implant loadings; nano TiO2 coatings for improved implant corrosion resistance.
Nanomodified surface of dental implant (Dental plus implant clinic, available at http://www.klinikaimplantologiczna.pl/en/surfaces-implants/)
Hard tissue remineralization and reparation – preventive dentistry: dental caries prevention by nano fluoride-ion releasing materials; dental „sensitive” pastes containing remineralizing nanoparticles; self-assembly peptides for restoring tooth decays; remineralization and healing of dentin hypersensitivity; materials with antimicrobial nanoparticles; plaque monitoring nano-systems. Nanosilver dental antimicrobial toothpaste http://www.thewealthydentist.com/blog/1232/nano-silver-the-new-amalgam/
Seeing all the mentioned possibilities, which are only representatives of current nanodentistry development, it is certain that the nanotechnogical applications in dental biomaterials, tools, and devices will be in a focus of dental research in future years. Acknowledgments Supported by: Project TR 035020 of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia.