Proceedings of the Nantucket Historical Association: Forty-first Annual Meeting

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PROCEEDINGS

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OF THE

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Forty-First Annual Meeting

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July Thirty-one • =

1935

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THE LATE WILLIAM F. MACY.

Born July 17, 1867.

Died August 27, 1935.

See Page 15.

PROCEEDINGS OP THE

Nantucket Historical Association

Forty-First Annual Meeting July Thirty-one 1935

List of Officers President WILLIAM F. MACY *

DR. CHARLES E. CONGDON %

Vice-Presidents G. LISTER CARLISLE, JR. MRS. IRVING ELTING DR. CHARLES E. CONGDON J HARRY B. TURNER f

FRED V. FULLER THOMAS H. GIFFIN BASSETT JONES

Secretary MRS. CATHERINE RAY EGER

Treasurer ROBERT CONGDON

Curator MRS. WALTON H. ADAMS

Curator Emeritus MISS SUSAN E. BROCK MISS CORA STEVENS

Auditors

COL. LOUIS J. PRAEGER

Councillors CHARLES P. KIMBALL MISS OLIVE ALLEN MRS. H. HOLLIS BENNETT HUNTLEY D. TAYLOR MRS. PETER M. HUSSEY MISS ANNIE ALDEN FOLGER EDOUARD A. STACKPOLE MRS. FREDERICK L. ACKERMAN

Term Expires 1936 Term Expires 1936 Term Expires 1937 Term Expires 1937 Term Expires 1938 Term Expires 1938 Term Expires 1939 Term Expires 1939

Life Councillors MISS ANNIE BARKER FOLGER MRS. FLORENCE OSGOOD LANG

WINTHROP COFFIN SIDNEY MITCHELL

Committees—1935-36 The President is ex-officio a member of all committees

Finance—Mr. Fuller, Mr. Congdon.

Publication—Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Bennett.

Oldest House—Mr. Fuller, Mr. Kimball, Mrs. Hussey.

Old Mill—Mrs. Ackerman, Mr. Giffin, Mr. Jones.

Historical Rooms and Friends' Meeting House—Mrs. Adams, Mr. Giffin, Mrs. Bennett, Miss Folger, Miss Allen.

Sconset House—(Mr. Giffin, Mr. Herbert C. Gardner.

Whaling Museum—Mr. Fuller, Mrs. Adams, Mr. Jones, Mr. Turner, Mr. Stackpole.

Publicity—Mr. Kimball, Mrs. Ackerman, Mr. Stackpole, Miss Allen Junior Membership—Huntley Taylor, Clinton T. Macy.

4Deceased.

J Chosen President by vote of the Council. t Chosen Vice President by vote of the Council.

Annual Meeting The annual meeting of the Nantucket Historical Association was held on Tuesday afternoon, July 30, at the Old North Vestry. At a few minutes past 3:00 o'clock, at which time the meeting opened, there were about three hundred members and friends present—tHe largest gathering for the past few years.

Following the customary greeting by William F. Macy, President of the Association, the business portion of the program began. The reading of the secretary's report of the last annual meeting was waived, as it had already been printed in the annual report of the proceedings, published the preceding year.

Mrs. Catherine R. Eger, Secretary, then read her report.

If proved to be a pleasing and efficient summary of the year's work, and, upon vote of the meeting, was accepted as read.

The report of the Treasurer, Robert D. Congdon, was then read

by Dr. Charles E. Congdon. This was also accepted as read. Both the Secretary's and Treasurer's reports appear in this publication.

Mrs. Nancy Story Adams next read her report as Curator of the Association. Her papers are always interesting and form an important part in the program of the yearly gatherings.

For the Nominating Committee, Mrs. Alfred F. Shurrocks, its Chairman, announced nominations for offices as follows: President—William F. Macy.

Vice-Presidents—G. Lister Carlisle, Fred V. Fuller, Mrs. Irving Elting, Thomas H. Giffin, Dr. Charles E. Congdon, Bassett Jones.

Secretary—Mrs. Catherine R. Eger.

Treasurer—Robert D. Congdon.

Curator and Librarian—Mrs. Walton H. Adams.

Curator Emeritus—-Miss Susan E. Brock.

Auditors—Miss Cora Stevens, Col. Louis J. Praeger.

Councillors for Four Years—Mrs. Frederick L. Ackerman, Edouard A. Stackpole.

These officers were duly elected to their respective positions, the Secretary being instructed to cast one ballot for the same.

President William F. Macy then read his report. It was filled with his customary zeal for the advancement of the Association, each paragraph typically to the point, and all a complete account of the necessary planning for the future. The address will be found on another page.

Then came the annual awarding of prizes to pupils of the Nan^f3j&-

tucket High School for essays on historical subjects dealing with the island's past. This proceeding has been an annual custom for sev­ eral years—a custom that was inaugurated by the late Alexander Starbuck when he was President of the Association. Mr. Macy explained that the essays are submitted by number and then selected by a committee.

The essay selected for first prize, by unanimous vote of the com­ mittee, was discovered to have been written by Clinton T. Macy, of the Class of 1935, Nantucket High School, and the Association's custodian of the Oldest House. "The Folgers of Old Capaum," was the subject of the essay, and it was read to the meeting by its author.

Not only is it a fine piece of writing but was exceptionally well delivered, and Clinton was given a vigorous round of applause for his splendid work.

Second prize was awarded to George Snell, for his essay entitled ' Nantucket Whaling." Two third prizes were awarded—one to Miss Lucille Ring for her essay "Geology of Nantucket," and the other to Harrison Gorman Jr., for "Why Nantucket Is Here," another geol­ ogic treatise. These prize-winners also came forward to receive their awards.

Honorable mention was given to two other high school students —Misses Nantcy Gardner and Bettina Sisson. A total of fifteen essays were submitted, each possessing some special merit.

The business meeting being thus concluded, President Macy in­ troduced the feature speaker of the afternoon, Bassett Jones, of New York and Polpis, a man well known on Nantucket for his tire­ less interest in anything that pertains to the island's welfare.

Mr. Jones' subject—"Was Nantucket Ever Forested?"—was not only a valuable contribution to Nantucket's written history, but an account of pains-taking research that would be important from a scientific standpoint alone. The paper put to flight the romantic illusion of forests on this island, conclusively proving that there could not be any island "architectural timber" in any of the numerous old houses on Nantucket. To illustrate some of his deductions, Mr. Jones has placed on exhibition two large cedar stumps from Coskata —gnarled and conclusive evidence with which to punctuate and il­ luminate his remarks. Mr. Jones' treatise appears elsewhere in this issue of the "Proceedings."

William H. Tripp, Curator of New Bedford's Old Dartmouth Museum, was then introduced, and in a brief talk summarized what New Bedford has been doing the past year in its museum work. Mr. Tripp emphasized the fact that contributors have almost entirely supported the New Bedford museum in practically all its activities.

President Macy then introduced Edouard A. Stackpole, author of three books dealing with Nantucket's history. Mr. Stackpole read from his last volume, Madagascar Jack, which was to be published two weeks hence, taking excerpts from the second chapter which described Nantucket waterfront scenes a century or more ago.

Mr. S. Van Dine Nichols, Secretary of the League of Nations

Association, and a summer visitor to Nantucket, came forward at the request of Mr. Macy to repeat a tribute he had made to the Historical Association's "Whaling Museum." Mr. Nichols stated that, as one familiar with whaling collections, it was his opinion that the Nan­ tucket Whaling Museum had the best practical presentation of the art of whaling in this country.

President Macy read a paper entitled "Some More Old Nantucket Expressions." These were taken from the diary kept by a Nantucket woman, who had jotted down not only curious idioms of her day but also expressions remembered by her grandmother. They constitute a worth-while acquisition to the list of phrases almost entirely peculiar to Nantucket.

Mr. Moses Joy, eighty-two years of age, a Nantucketer who never fails to attend the meeting of the Historical Association, then said a few words in reference to that great Nantucketer of the early 19th century—Walter Folger Jr. Mr. Joy, who spends his winters in New York City, always returns to his island home in the summers, and with each return brings back some interesting bit of island history gleaned from off-island sources.

One of the most interesting meetings then came to a close.

Respectfully submitted, Catherine R. Eger, Secretary.

Secretary's Report Mr. President, Members and Friends of The Nantucket Historical Association.

Again we are assembled here in this Old North Vestry for the annual meeting of our Association, once more to compare the records of the past year with the hopes for the future, and to plan for that continued labor which has made our society a success.

Once again we are glad to report to you who come back each year, and to you who are just beginning to know us and our special work, what the Association has accomplished since our last annual meeting.

Our treasurer has busied himself with our financial records and our curator has directed the progress of the year's work, on which they will report to you later. Your secretary has been busy with the correspondence and reports, as well as the list of members. Our membership list holds fairly steady in spite of our losses during these trying times. Response to roll call at the close of the fiscal year, June 30, 1936, reveals the following: Life Members Sustaining Members Annual Junior Total New Members since June 30th Present Total

110 34 787 72 1003 45 1048

In connection with the above let me once more urge you that your secretary and treasurer be informed promptly of any change in address of members, so that our mailing lists may be correct as well as complete. It is disappointing to have many notices as well as copies of Annual Proceedings returned each year because the addresses were not correct. We still need new members, and it would contribute much toward the support of our work if some of our annual members might be able and willing to join our newer class of membership known as sustaining members.

During the past year the Council has held its regular meetings for the consideration of matters realtive to our work, and the routine business has been attended to as usual, but that requires no special mention. Four Council meetings were held for necessary business— -$6}3=-

on August 13, 1934; August 23, 1934; April 16, 1935; June 12, 1935.

With your permission I will dispense with the summary of details concerning the business of the year.

The repairing of the Old Mill last year promises to prove a wise investment. Much credit is due the committee in charge for the energy displayed and the success attending their efforts. Mr. William F. Jones, our new miller-custodian, has much faith in the possibility of eventually grinding corn meal for commercial purposes. There has been a goodly number of visitors at the mill this summer, and what is of more importance, much interest has been shown in the work and aims of Mr. Jones there. There have been visitors from fifteen states and from Canada and England as well. The continued increase in attendance at the mill is gratifying indeed.

Again during the past year we have been called upon to part from several of our members. Once more our Council has been stricken, and we no longer shall have the assistance and advice of Mr. Millard F. Freeborn, who had been for many years our first vice-president and one of our most active members. Many other members have been called from us, and their presence will be sadly missed by all.

An important duty of your secretary, who is not only a recorder, is that of correspondence. It is very interesting to receive many letters relating to the work of societies similar to ours, in various parts of the country, the queries concerning Nantucket history, the reminiscenses of the happy past which Nantucket enjoyed, the expres­ sions of appreciation of our activities—all such letters assure us that we are truly a thriving and growing organization.

This is the forty-first birthday of the Association and so we move onward. There is still much to be accomplished. Our society is, as its name implies, the custodian and conservator of the history of Nantucket, and we hope that its value and usefulness will be appre­ ciated from year to year—long after its present patrons and workers have passed from the scene of action.

Respectfully submitted, Catherine Ray Eger, Secretary.

4(7]^

TREASURER'S REPORT CASH ACCOUNT RECEIPTS Cash Balance July 2, 1934 General Account Dues Collected Gifts Sale of Duplicate Equipment and Books

$23.80 $848.50 273.35 36.44

Museum Accounts Fair Street—Admissions & Publications Sold $330.45 Old Mill—Admissions & Sales 219.68 Oldest House—Admissions & Publications Sold 346.35 Whaling Museum—Admissions & Sales 1627.55 Use of Siasconset House by Atheneum 100.00 Income From Investments Accounts—Nantucket Institution for Savings Bonds—U. S. Bond Called Old Mill Special Account Repairs—Demand Note Paid Loan—On account of repairs to Old Mill, due 1939

1158.29

2624.03 $408.17 50.00 458.17 $250.00 $250.00 500.00 15.00 33.00 235.00

Life Membership Notes Paid Whaling Museum Fund—Pledges Paid

$5047.29

ASSETS Fair St., Land, building, and part of contents $9860.00 Old Mill, Land and Building 4500.00 Oldest House, Land, buildings and contents 4000.00 Whaling Museum, Land, building and contents 14540.00 Siasconset House, Land, building and contents 2200.00 Nantucket Institution for Savings Old House Fund Ella M. Starbuck Fund William Swift Fund Mary E. Macy Fund Permanent Fund, Life Membership Whaling, Carnegie Fund

$35100.00 $ 554.45 3045.00 5075.00 507.50 2555.99 2537.50 14275.44 92.00 150.00

Notes Receivable U. S. Government Bonds

$49617.44

Ǥ{8)S*

TREASURER'S REPORT CASH

ACCOUNT

DISBURSEMENTS General Account Postage, printing, advertising, and sundries Salaries of Officers

$540.53 325.00

Museum Accounts Fair Street—Attendants, janitor, repairs, equip­ ment, insurance, water rates, sundries $444.77 Old Mill—Attendant, and purchase of corn 167.42 Oldest House—Attendant, repairs, water rate 166.55 Whaling Museum—Attendants, repairs, water rates, mortgage interest, insurance, and sundries 1682.68 Siasconset House—Repairs, water rates, and insurance 32.50 Investments—Life Membership Account—Nantucket Institution for Savings Old Mill Special Account Special repairs to Old Mill $956.62 Interest on Five Year Notes due 1939 56.25

$865.53

2493.91 15.00

1012.87 Account receivable Whaling Museum Fund Four payments of $100.00 each on notes without interest Whaling Museum Account—Cash on Deposit

100.00

400.00

100.00

500.00 59.97

Cash Balance July 1, 1935

$5047.29

LIABILITIES Due 4 members at $300.00 each on notes without interest Due 5 members at $250.00 each on 5 year notes at 5% interest for special rebuilding and repairs of Old Mill Due Nantucket Institution for Savings, mortgage at 6% on Whaling Museum property

$1200.00 1250.00 10000.00 $12450.00

Respectfully submitted, Robert D. Congdon, Treasurer.

49J&-

Curator's Report Mr. President, Members and Friends: The visitors to our historical museum the past year were fewer in number, but they were very appreciative and enthusiastic in ex­ pressing their enjoyment of the very interesting exhibit displayed and of the old Quaker Meeting House.

Among the accessions this year, those of particular interest might be mentioned. The library has been augmented by several new books and pamphlets. A book on John Paul Jones; a pamphlet, "Nantucketisms of 1848," by Allen Walker Read, of the University of Chicago. An old ledger which belonged to C. W. Rexford, of Nantucket; two books by Rev. Phebe A. Hanaford, one entitled Abraham Lincoln—His Life and Public Service," the other, "Daugters of America;" a very fine tribute to Henry P. Starbuck, which was written at the time of his death in Santa Barbara, Cal., in 1918.

Mr. Starbuck was born in Nantucket in 1851, and was a brother of our devoted member and friend, Miss Mary E. Starbuck.

We received, also, a copy of a letter written in 1856 by Edward Everett Hale, telling of his visit to Nantucket and New Bedford; an alumni song of 1867, written by "one of 'em;" a very interesting booklet written in San Francisco in 1917 by Deborah Coffin Hussey Adams, which gives an account of old-time memories of Nantucket in the Quaker days.

We have received many photographs and daguerreotypes and two blue print charts of the families of Elihu Swain and Mary Worth, and of Silvanus Swain and Rhoda Worth. A large framed group picture of the members of the local G. A. R., which hung over the desk of the Town Clerk, the late Lauriston Bunker, has been given to the Association. It is interesting to see this picture of these sturdy men of the Civil War and recall that about twenty-five or thirty years ago they were an active group, and today we are reminded that only two of those old veterans are living, James H. Wood and James H. Barrett.

In the old days it appeared to be the custom to give silver medals to the puipls in Nantucket High School who were excellent in study and deportment. We have several of these medals and this year have added one which was won by Elizabeth G. Langton in 1833.

We have also just received the silver medal awarded by the Massachusetts Humane Society to Heman Eldridge, for his humane exertions in rescuing the crew of the brig Mariner, wrecked on Nantucket in 1845. A picture of Heman Eldridge and the little gold rings which he wore in his ears were also given.

Another very pretty silver knitting needle case and a sheath have been presented. From an old Nantucket home we have received a beautiful mahogany drop-leaf table; some lovely old pieces of family silver which are marked as follows: a table-spoon marked I. C.-1800; a dessert spoon marked F. B. F.; sugar tongs and a tea-spoon marked A. B.; and a ladle marked A. B. to F. F. <10)8»

Perhaps many of you recall that in days gone by there was on Petticoat Row a store where, upon entering the door, the tinkle of a bell was heard, and through a door in the rear of the store would appear the head of Old Black Martha to see what was wanted. If you were a small customer she would advance to the show-case and, with her big black hand, reach in the case and pass to you your choice of the penny candy therein. It might be a stick of coltsfoot or slippery elm, a roll of lozenges, or maybe ten nigger babies, as your choice might be. That tinkling bell over the door of Hooper's store has found its way to our museum.

A very charming old Nantucket lady has been most generous in giving to the museum some of her treasured possessions. She calls your Curator on the telephone and asks: "Do you want this or that or shall I give it to so and so?" My prompt response is always, "Yes, yes, give it to me." And a quiet voice comes back, "I knew you would say that because you are the most grasping person."

That may be so, but how can I refuse such treasures as these: A beautiful white satin embroidered shawl with fringe, which was bought in Honolulu, in 1837, by Capt. Francis M. Gardner, for one hundred dollars, and was given by his wife to the donor for a wed­ ding present in 1885; Capt. Gardner's daughter and the donor have been life-long friends. Also a Quaker doll dressed by the mother of the donor in about 1887 for Bessie Swain Wing, who was born in 1879, and died in 1891. There is also a necklace and bracelet of coral with clasps bearing the family name, and a beautiful old bead bag made by an ancestor of Sylvia, daughter of Egbert Macy.

There have been other things of interest presented this year and it does seem a pity that more people do not visit our fine museum on Fair Street. You and your friends should make a special effort this year to visit us and see for yourselves what a splendid collection we have. The attendants are most eager and willing to give informa­ tion when approached.

The Old Mill this year has taken on a new lease of life, as you have aleready heard, and grinds corn when the wind is in the right direction, and seems to be having a prosperous season.

At the Oldest House last year the attendance was very good.

There has been little change there except that curtains have been made and hung at all the windows and some things have been transferred from the Museum on Fair Street. The same efficient custodian as last year is in charge and since the overhead is less in proportion than at either of the museums, we really have a paying institution.

Again we have the pleasure of reporting that the Whaling Museum goes steadily ahead. The same corps of efficient attendants are in charge. We have added many new books and pamphlets and clippings to the library. Among these is a presentation copy of the new "Moby Dick," illustrated by Rockwell Kent, and a copy of "Pitcairn's Island" by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall, the authors of "Mutiny on the Bounty."

From a lady in Fairhaven we have received a curious skeleton of what is called a crucifixion fish, and one can see plainly in the head of the skeleton the figure on the cross, which has a marked resem­ blance to the crucifixion.

A very generous member and friend of the Association has presented a very interesting old ledger kept by Walter Folger, who, as you know, was a man of marked ability and learning and was the inventor of the famous "Walter Folger Clock" and of a reflecting telescope, both of which are still in existence. He was born June 12, 1765, and died September 12, 1849.

In this ledger, started in 1808 and running up to 1847, there are many entries ,such as repairs to watches, repairs to compasses, fixing bell in Town House, etc.

The season has opened this year with about the same attend­ ance or perhaps a little ahead of last year.

We do not forget, in the passing of the years, the devoted work of those faithful women who helped organize this association and I would like at this time to send our very best wishes to them, since they are physically unable to attend this meeting today.

In closing may I remind you again that this is your Association and you will be amply paid in pleasure by taking your friends and making a tour of the various buildings. As we start the new year it is our ambition to have it the best ever. Will you help by telling your friends to visit us?

Respectfully submitted, Nancy Story Adams, Curator.

President's Address Custom seems to require an "Annual Address" from the Pres­ ident, but as you have to hear me talk quite enough in conducting the meeting, introducing speakers, etc., it always seems something of an imposition to address you at any length, and I usually try to cut my remarks at this point to the minimum. Most of the things I want to say are usually said by the other officers in their reports, and moreover, I always seem to have some special contribution to offer to the miscellaneous program which follows the business meeting. That is the case again today, so I'll be as brief as I can now, and ask for a few minutes later on.

We are still having our troubles in balancing our budget, and once more I want to appeal to you to help us by getting more mem­ bers, especially sustaining members, who are able and willing to contribute five dollars a year. These sustainers in sufficient number will go far toward solving our financial problem. Then tell your friends and the summer visitors whom you meet about our exhibits •412fc

and urge them to see them all. Especially, we ask you to tell them about the old Quaker Meeting House and the historical collections in our Fair Street museum. It is there that, since the opening of the Whaling Museum, we have our largest deficit. Arranged as it is on two floors of the building, two attendants are absolutely necessary to properly guard the collections and serve the patrons who come seeking genealogical or other information, and for several weeks at the beginning and end of the season our payroll exceeds the receipts from admissions. Everyone who sees our exhibits there is enthusiastic, and I think we can say without boasting that we have one of the best local museums of its kind anywhere. Go there yourselves and prove it, and go often!

It is in such ways as this that our members can help us if each will put his or her shoulder to the wheel and push. Our little society of forty years ago has grown into a big business institution with an annual budget of several thousand instead of just a few hundred dollars, and a payroll during the season of over $100 a week. We do not regret our growth, but we miss the co-operative spirit and sense of responsibility which characterized the more homogeneous membership of our early years. Let's all try and revive it, and let each one begin today to advertise and "sell" our attractions to others who do not know them. Will you all do your part?

I attended the conference of the New England Branch of the American Association of Museums at Pittsfield, last October. That city having been for many years the home of Herman Melville, his name and fame were naturally featured at the conference, and the principal session at the close of the annual banquet was largely devoted to tributes to and eulogies of him. Being from a whaling town, I was asked if I would not like to speak of "Mobey Dick," but I was afraid if I told some of Melville's admirers what most of the old whalemen think and say of that yarn, I might strike a false note, and, as we say, "spill the beans," so for once, I refused an invitation to talk.

I have had several opportunities during the past year to tell the story of Nantucket and our whaling industry to groups ranging from 30 to 40 up to audiences of several hundred—notably at New London, Conn., Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, twice in Wash­ ington, and once to a gathering of five or six hundred at Newport News, Va., in the big gymnasium at the great ship building com­ pany there. They have recently established a marine museum there which, though less than five years old, is already one of the largest and best of its kind in the country.

After speaking at Cold Spring, I motored the following day the whole length of Long Island, way to Montauk Point, visiting the old shore whaling stations at the Hamptons, Amagansett, and other points on the south shore of the island, meeting and being enter­ tained by some of the old-time whalers who were active in the industry during its later years. Whaling was started there nearly -4(13)3*-

thirty years before Nantucket was settled, and it was carried on well down into the present century—nearly three hundred years in all.

On the return trip we visited Sag Harbor, at one time a rival of Nantucket, New Bedford and New London as a whaling port. I would like to tell you more about it all, but time forbids.

I cannot close without a brief tribute to the memory of one of our most loyal and valued members for some years past, our first vice-president, Millard Fillmore Freeborn, who has been called from our fellowship during the past year. Though a busy and active business man, Millard Freeborn was one of those who was inter­ ested in all the movements looking to the good of our community.

Quiet, unassuming, never seeking the centre of the stage, he yet served willingly and efficiently on any committee to which he was assigned, and he could always be depended upon to do all that was asked of him and a little more.

Would that we had more of his kind to-day!

Another whom we shall greatly miss is Henry K. Bush-Brown, of Washington, who died suddenly last winter. A comparatively recent comer to the island, he took a great interest in its welfare, and gave much of his time and energy to all the movements for local improvement and betterment. Those who were here at the meet­ ing last summer will recall his unveiling and presentation to us of the fine bas-relief he had just completed of Capt. Grant.

And now may I extend the usual invitation to any of our guests to-day who are not members to join us? The treasurer will be glad to receive your dollar as an annual, your five dollars as a sustainer, or your fifteen dollars as a life member—either one of which en­ titles you to free admission to any of our several buildings at any time when they are open. As the revivalists say: "Now is the time, the accepted time!" And if there are any members, or others, who feel like contributing any amount large or small, toward the support of our work, we shall be most grateful and appreciative. "Angels" are scarce in these troublous times, so if anyone feels in an angelic mood or who knows someone else who might feel that way, we are always in a receptive mood.

We still want and need volunteer workers. There is much to be done and so few willing hands to do it. We have little money for professional help, and our officers are over-burdened with their regular duties. Typewriting is specially needed. Who will be the first to volunteer?

William F. Macy, President.

•^14^-

WILLIAM F. MACY 1867—1935 The Council wishes to place on record its appreciation of its late president, William F. Macy.

His untiring activities in behalf of our Association resulted in its becoming the largest historical group in the country and hence has brought Nantucket to the fore in the minds of many to whom it might otherwise have remained unknown.

His outstanding memorial is his work in connection with the establishment of the Whaling Museum. Taking hold of this project after a most ambitious and costly plan to institute a museum along this line had been abandoned, his vigorous and almost single-handed work has resulted in an unrivalled exhibit of the tools of the industry which, more than one hundred years ago, made Nantucket famous.

In his efforts to secure funds to purchase the property which houses, amid dignified surroundings, the Whaling exhibit, he wrote innumerable appeals; made numberless calls upon people in New York City, and other places, who he thought might be interested to see this project carried out. And, in addition, he himself loaned some of the money necessary for the purchase of the exhibits now housed in the old candle house.

His faith in the importance of such a museum was justified, for, when it was opened in 1930, some ten thousand persons viewed its exhibits.

The Whaling Museum stands as a monument to William F. Macy's vision, persistence and his intelligent and vigorous effort.

<415^

The Folgers of Old Capaum

By Clinton T. Macy, winner of first prize in Nantucket Historical Association Essay Contest.

It was late fall. The moors were sprinkled with patches of red, orange, and golden hue, dull in the gray light of the autumn dawn.

The strong wind from the northeast brought a brisk chill, and fields, which a few weeks before had borne a full harvest of corn and wheat, were now barren save for the few piles of corn stalks, sure signs of fall and of the approaching winter. Pishing boats were drawn up high above the reach of the feared storm waves; seaweed had been banked against many houses and huge piles of pine and cedar were to be found in the back-yards and woodsheds of every homestead. The small town of Capaum had settled down for the winter.

On the west side of Capaum harbor stood a gray weather-beaten house of the story-and-a-half type around which were several barns and bare gardens. The gray light of the autumn dawn fell mysteri­ ously upon the house revealing its roughness but its quaint and neat appearance. This was the home of John Folger, his wife Experience, and their family.

In the northeast chamber of the upper floor of this house, Jona­ than Folger, only ten, sat up suddenly from the depths of the feather bed in which he had been sleeping. He glanced out through the window, across the harbor to the sea, where the north wind threw great waves upon the shore and made white lines of foam along the shoals.

It felt and indeed looked like a cold day. His small brother, Christopher, was still sleeping beside him, almost buried in the warm feathers. One blow from Jonathan's boyish hand awoke him for a minute, but he soon went to sleep again, desiring to do that rather than to crawl out into the chill of the un-heated chamber. With one final resolve, Jonathan threw back the thick blankets and skipped across the cold floor to where his clothes were hung on a peg near the warm chimney.

After splashing his face and hands in a bowl of icy water, he ran down the back stairs just in time to meet his small sister, Deborah also on her way to the kitchen. Within this family room all was' serene and peaceful; the family was not yet at breakfast.

A huge fire was already burning on the andirons and several back logs were stacked against the chimney for use during the day, for this was Saturday, the busiest day in any Capaum household.

Hepsey was by the window, pounding corn in a mortar and pestle, the mortar simply being a log hollowed out and bound with iron, and the pestle an old Indian stone.

Imagine a sedate young lady of our times arising at dawn on a Saturday morning to pound corn with a heavy and awkward pestle!

After the family had assembled at the table, Jonathan brought the

<16^-

heavy Bible from the "keeping room" and father, with a severe glance around the table, began to read, "O Give thanks unto the L o r d . . a procedure which took place on every morning of the year in every house in the small town of Capaum.

After breakfast, father left for Wesko to help repair the mill, which had been damaged by a recent storm. Then everyone in the Folger household began to work; even Deborah, scarcely three, was sitting on a cricket by the fire slowly turning the spit with one hand and holding a home-made doll in the other.

Peter, the eldest son, and recently wedded to Patience Coleman, stopped in for a moment on his way to his new home on the shores of Maxcy's Pond. Christopher begged to go on with him and as Mother Experience knew that Christopher would be more hindrance than help at home, she dressed him warmly, gave him explicit in­ structions not to venture near the pond, and gladly let him go.

Jonathan was given the task of feeding the cattle; then he was asked to descend into the round vgetable cellar for some butter and milk, and finally, he was told to help Grandmother Coffin dip candles.

For this process she had a square frame holding six sticks on which were tied the wicks. She then dipped the wicks into the tallow, drew them out and cooled them; again she dipped them and again cooled them, this process continuing until the candles had attained the right size. Then Jonathan tied each of these on a similar frame to dry.

The morning passed quickly, and soon the family had gathered for dinner, with the exception of Christopher, who had gone to Peter's house.

That afternoon there was to be a court at the home of Chief Magistrate, Tristam Coffin, and John Folger had been called for the jury. He mentioned that it was another case of Stephen Hussey, a man whose name appeared on the records of all the court sessions as either plaintiff or lawyer.

The afternoon, too, passed quickly, and as the last loaf of bread and the last pie were placed on the buttry shelf, Mother Experience noticed that the day was far spent and the Sabbath was at hand. The old-time Sabbath started with sunset on Saturday evening and lasted until sunset on Sunday evening. As she glanced down the road she saw the men approaching from the court, several wagons coming home from Wesko, and everyone preparing for the strict rest of the Sabbath.

When she turned again to the quietness of her kitchen a feeling of peace and happiness came over her. Not a sound save the soft clicking of Grandmother's knitting needles disturbed her ethereal thoughts. She was thinking of the happiness of the life she had found under the loving care of her husband and surrounded by her beloved children.

Here, under this roof, she had lived for twenty-three years, here she had raised her seven children and here, on the west side of Capaum harbor, she had watched Capaum grow and had seen some of the first settlers carried over the hills to their final resting places 4171S"-

But more. There are but a few kinds of wood that will stand immersion in sour peat for two centuries or more, and we know that earlier than 1782. when Crevecoeur visited this island and wrote so entertainingly of his stay here, the island was without trees. These "stumps"—at least all I have examined or dug up my—are cedar, both the red cedar and white cedar, or cypress.

Now I can show you cedar trees or, properly, the Juniperus virginiana, living on the island today with so called "stumps" as large in diameter as any dug up in the peat bogs. But this, too, is a matter of excavation, for the "stumps" of these living trees are buried in windblown sand and the embyro "cedar" peat of the leaves, in which same peat, fully developed, the old stumps are found.

But these old stumps are in a "cedar" peat often overlaid with about 30 inches of fresh water plant peat, the older peat having been submerged and the cedars killed, quite as one can see them killed today on Coatue where water finds its way into the swales between the ridges.

The next time you are along the Quaise beach note the old fresh water peat exposed by wave erosion along this shore, with the ancient white cedar or cypress stumps yet standing in it even below low water mark. At one time, possibly some thousands of years ago, these were fresh water cedar bogs above high tide level, or like some of the Coatue swales, below high tide level, but cut off from the sea by sand dunes, or by more elevated land now long gone. At any rate, there are the stumps, bedded in fresh water cedar peat, and now below low water mark.

Such old cedar stumps are also found under the present salt water peat constituting the present salt marshes. In general these stumps, a number of which have been unearthed by workmen of the Mosquito Control, are better than 24 inches below the present marsh surface, and rest in a fairly thin layer of fresh water peat decidedly cedrus in character, which, in turn, rests on what obviously were shallow bay bottoms of sand and gravel in which clam, quahaug and oyster shells are found in situ.

Evidently, and comparatively recently, (a few thousand years ago) these bottoms must have been at or above high tide level, or otherwise completely shut off from the sea, in order that such' es­ sentially fresh water drinking plants as the cedars (junipers and cypress) could have grown upon them. This discovery has led my brother, Mr. William F. Jones, to an entirely new theory of salt marsh evolution along the New England coast, which theory has received some attention. I might remark here that similar con­ ditions exist on Cape Cod, and that such cedar stumps have been dredged out of peat now on the bottom of Cape Cod Bay. It is worth while noting that the white cedar or cypress (Cha/maecyparis) stumps are of trees that no longer grow on this island, and, possibly, are of an extinct species similar to those found under the peat of a bog near Quamquisset on the Cape. I have not yet been able to obtain a positive identification of the species found on Nantucket. A trunk of this tree with many branch stubs, the trunk ^20j>

about 10 inches in diameter and about 12 feet long has been dug out of a marsh close to the harbor beach in Quaise. This log bears marks that look as if they might have been made with stone hatchets. My brother has accumulated evidence to show that Indians lived on this island before Coatue was formed, and while the site of the marsh at Folger's Creek was a shallow bay, open to the Sound, quite as was Capaum Pond when the white settlers first came here. Pocomo marsh covers many such stumps and logs as the workers of the Mosquito Control have found.

So much for the "stumps" and the speculations based on them.

These cedars lived and grew here not less than 2000 years ago.

Certainly they had been long buried under the peat before 1671.

We know, then, the stumps are cedar, and that certainly large oak beams and timbers were not cut from cedar trees the bole diameter of which is not generally over 10 to 12 inches—not that the diameter matters in the least.

A few weeks ago, after our President had asked me to tell you this, I mentioned to a friend that I was about it. He said that he recalled a paper on the subject read some years ago before some botanical society. So a search was instigated but so far without success. My friend has the paper tucked away in some forgotten corner.

So I wrote Dr. Marshall A. Howe of the New York Botanical Garden. Lacking the presence of the learned bibliographer Dr. John Hendley, Dr. Howe did the best he could for me. He sent me this: "From Proceedings of The American Association for the Advance­ ment of Science for the Forty-third Meeting held at Brooklyn, New York, August, 1894 (43: 294. March, 1895.)

Abstract by Dr. Marshall A. Howe of Evidence as to the Former Existence of Large Trees on Nantucket Island.

By Burt G. Wilder, Ithaca, N. Y. In his Report on the Geology of Nantucket (Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, No. 53, 1889, Fig. 9), Prof. N.S. Shaler represents a section of a submerged swamp oil the north shore of Nantucket with tree-stumps, one of which he says is 10 inches (25cm.) in diameter. On p. 52 he writes: "I am inclined to believe that when this island was first settled the greater part of its surface, at least that portion of the area north of the southern plains, was covered with a forest growth which afforded some archi­ tectural timber." But he does not mention having personally ob­ served any large tree remains in the interior of the island, and re­ fers to the tradition that the former oaks and pines were "sufficiently large to afford ship timber as well as material for edifices" as "un­ supported by any trustworthy record." Hence some positive evidence is desirable.

Several years ago, I was told by Mr. Harry Dunham that in cutting peat at Polpis he often encountered fragments of large trees.

On the 15th of August, in company with Professors Harrison Allen, M. D., of the University of Pennsylvania, and W. K. Hatt, of Purdue University, Indiana, I visited an old peat bog in Polpis, at Hughes' Neck, west of the main road, not far from what is reputed to be the oldest house on the island. The proprietor, Mr. Charles Swain, kindly led us to a stump standing undisturbed in a dense thicket on top of a bog where the soft peat is still a meter thick. The crown of this stump measures in diameter about 50 cm. (20 in.), and is •^21^

thus twice the size graphs were taken worked and covered uprooted stumps of

of that mentioned by Professor Shaler. Photo­ of it and of a neighboring bog, more recently with water, where are visible more than twenty various sizes."

But, again, I can show you trees now living on this island with boles 20 inches in diameter, of oak and beech, but certainly not suited for architectural timber.

By Hughes' Neck I presume Wilder meant Swain's Neck or "Nashayte." There are oaks on that neck now—a number of trunks, once shoots, now 6 to 8 inches in diameter, growing in a cluster from a single root that may once have fed a tree so large as 20 inches in diameter at the bole but, probably, like our existing oaks, short, knarled and wind pruned—not "architectural timber." I know one black oak now growing on the island having a bole 19 inches in diameter and 8 inches tall, the branches extending flat on the ground or partly buried. Another, that I take to be an Elliott's Oak (Quercus pagodaefolia) has a bole approximately 9 feet in circumferance at the ground, but only 1 foot 4 inches tall at the fork of the branches. This tree is 106 years old (1935).

You will note that Wilder wrote of a stump 20 inches in diameter lying on the marsh. Since obviously the tree to which this stump belonged did not grown on the marsh, the stump must have been dug somewhere else—probably in the old peat hole now on the neck—and thrown out on the marsh. But I ask you to note that, quite as many of the cedars now living on Coatue spread their roots in a flat layer near the surface so as to keep out of the fresh water standing not very deep down, these roots coalesce into a massive piece of wood from which the tree bole rises, which, again, is frequently a coalescence of sprawling branches; so much so that it is difficult to say that any bole or trunk exists. Were the bole completely rotted off by weather, the remaining root clump might easily give the impression of having belonged to a much larger tree. As I have seen such wood masses on Coatue, and also in the exposed peat along the Quaise shore, I question whether the same sort of stump was not reported by Wilder, and that actually this was the remains of a cedar stump having a bole possibly not more than 12 inches in diameter. The photograph taken by Wilder might settle this point, but I have not been able to trace it.

By count of annual growth rings I estimate that the largest cedars now living on Coatue approximate the age of more than a century (1934-1935.) I have counted many branch rings up to 80.

However, determinations of the age of many of the larger deciduous trees growing on this island show that few, if any of them, are of any great age. The oldest tree of this class so far measured is a Pin Oak (Q. palustris) 159 years old, with a bole 18 inches in diameter and 5 feet 6% inches tall to the fork of the branches. Neither this tree, nor the Elliott's Oak mentioned above, have ever been cut. I know of no White Oaks (Q. alba), of which the island affords many examples, that have not been cut, save young trees not over 40 to 50 years old, as of 1935. In nearly every

<22^

case the shoots growing from the older stumps of the cut trees, also are of about this same age. This indicates that about half a century ago much cutting of such trees went on. Particularly Coskata seems to have been stripped of white oaks at about 1890.

The amount of cutting for fire wood during earlier days when, excepting for peat, wood constituted the only available fuel, must have been considerable. That there never was sufficient for this purpose is evidenced by the few known historic records of trips away from the island for wood.

Also; I have found in the relics of the old wood fences of this island posts of white oak red oak (Q. rubra) and black oak (Q. velutina), some of them determinable as cut from small trees also about 50 years old or younger. In one case I have been able to find that the fence was erected at a time corresponding to the date of cutting trees on the property as shown by the age of the shoots growing from the old stumps. This leads me to suggest that what­ ever wood was cut from Nantucket trees found such minor uses as fence posts and fire wood and did not constitute "architectural tim­ ber." Certainly the few older uncut trees found would not provide such timber, so it seems rational to presume that no trees which grew on this island ever were of that character.

With the three exceptions noted none of the trees on this island so far studied, cut, or uncut, as the normal life of such trees go, are of any great age.* *A11 ages of living trees given herein are as of 1935. Ages were determined by the use of a Swedish increment borer. Where the boring taken reached to the center of growth, the age was retermined by direct count of annual increments. Where the center of growth was not reached, the age was calculated from the cir­ cumference of the bole measured on the level of the boring, 14 inches to 18 inches above ground, and the mean number of annual increments per inch shown by the boring, probably with an error not exceeding plus or minus 10%. In certain cases, where the annual increments were very variable the bole radius was divided into zones and the age corresponding to each zone separately calculated.

There seems to be a general clustering of the age statistics so far found about 45 years, with an upper quartile of about 60 years.

That is to say, only about one quarter of the hardwood specimens so far sampled irrespective of species, exceed 60 years of age. The largest beech (Fagus americana) in the "hidden forest" is but 50 years old. This tree has a bole 24 inches in diameter, but is less than 4 feet tall to the crotch of the heavy branches. As I previously mentioned, but one specimen sampled shows an age of 159 years— so far as age is concerned this tree seems to be in a class by itself.

Another exceptional case is a black oak 114 years old. This tree, the pin oak above mentioned, and the Elliott's oak are all in Quaise.

After considerable investigation, Mr. E. W. Littlefield, Super­ visor Forest Investigations, New York State, and I, jointly, have reached the conclusion that the life of the Black Japanese Pines (Pinus Thunbergi) brought to this island in 1895 by my father, will •<8{23)8>-

not exceed 60 years. So you see there seems to be a general short life among the trees growing here, the climatic reasons for which are not far to seek.

In the first place, short of the Black Japanese Pines, the trees only grow in protected, damp locations and in a dense wind devel­ oped thicket. The air is moist and frequently loaded with salt from the sea. Rot sets in rapidly once the branches die, or are broken and soon eats into the heart of the tree. Borings taken in some' ap­ parently healthy and very young trees shows traces of rot in the core of the bole. Observation will show that the rot of broken or dead branches often extends deep into the wood. Even when close pruned, and possibly due to irritation by salt, the bark has difficulty in closing the wound, and, except in the pines, rarely does so with­ out help.

In short, the trees of this island appear to die of rot before they attain any great age. Furthermore, wherever such trees grow, standing water (the water table) is near the surface; as the use of a spade will show, some times only a couple of feet down. The soil (humus) is shallow, so that growing in thickets, as the trees do, there is little room for root expansion. The trees become root cramped while comparatively young. The food supply becomes in­ sufficient, the tree weakens, and rot easily sets in. There is also the possibility that the mildews, or mycellium, fungi, that exist on the island are inimical to prolonged tree growth. The character of such fungi have an intimate relation with tree life. But this is a matter I have not studied on this island.

One other matter, as to climate; the winds. In one of her poems, Elizabeth Hollister Frost wrote "Nantucket trees all lean southwest." This being correct, you will note that Nantucket trees have the peculiar habit of leaning against the prevailing winds. This condition puzzled me for some time, and it was not until after the great storm of August, 1927, that I found the reason for it, since confirmed by the observed results of other storms, both winter and summer. Nantucket trees grow, they do not lean, southwest, and for the very simple reason that the violent wind pruning of our severe northeast winter gales and summer hurricanes, make nought any attempt of the tree, if at all exposed, to grow northeast.

I have seen a single storm tear the northeast side and, what is more important, the top, to tatters. These winds, if over force 8, or of a velocity exceeding 47 miles per hour, pick up salt water and carry it inland. At 60 miles an hour (and 80 is not exceptional down here m a violent storm) quantities of salt spray are carried across the island blasting every leaf exposed to it. If such a storm occurs in the early summer, the tender new wood is withered by the Indeed> were the storms frequent I am disposed to think 77 that the flora of Nantucket would be very different than it is at present. Few things could manage to keep a foot-hold.

As it is, only a selected company of peculiarly adapted hardy plants can survive unless protected. So we find our "hidden forests," ot which there is quite a number, strictly limited as to tallness of the -€{24}§s-

plants and trees by the protection they get from low hills to the northeast. Where, as on Coskata at present, this protection has been removed by shore erosion since 1896, the trees are suffering from wind pruning and are severely stunted. Here, also, on Cos­ kata, covered with a low, dense thicket of white, black and red oaks with a unique fertile cross between the black and red (reported

by Bicknell), as I mentioned before there is evidence of extensive cutting about 50 years ago. But where single trunks exist they are not large and the tree is not over 15 feet tall.

Another matter that deserves attention is this. The hard (long leaf yellow) pine, and wide white pine floor boards used in the old barns and houses certainly did not come from trees that grew on this island—nor did the spruce or fir studdings. None of these trees can attain any size, or even live long in this climate of salt gales.

The long leaf yellow pine is strictly southern in its habitat. True, spruce and white pine grow along the coast of Maine. But that is another story. There is deep rich loam in Maine—not largely glacial till. Furthermore, the coast of Maine borders a submerged mediterranean—the Gulf of Maine—far north of the Gulf Stream storm track. Northers and northeasters are off shore winds, and do not come off that meteorologically chaotic band where cold northern waters and Gulf Stream waters mix. Look over the meteorological maps of this coast and you will see what I mean.

I have tried to grow spruce on this island and can do so only under careful protection. White pine, even when carefully protected, have a bedraggled appearance and wind burn badly.

There is a white fir (Abies concolor) on this island planted about 35 years ago—for that is its age. The white fir is reputed an easy tree to grow. Never the less this one yet huddles on the south side of an old dune. The top of the tree is a cluster of dead leaders —each the relic of a pair of hurricane-free years. The whole tree, dead leaders included, is 3 feet 10% inches tall. It should be at least 50 feet to the main leader tip.

Even the Austrian Pine (Pinus nigra), reputed to be a hardy tree for coastal planting, has a hard time to get started here and is never really happy. The Black Japanese pine—alone of all our hundreds of experiments—given no long succession of such severe winters as the past two (1934 and 1935), is the only tree that thoroughly enjoys a salty gale, and goes through the most violent northeaster without turning a needle. The reason is that this tree is indigenous to the eastern shore and coastal islands of Japan, where the climatic conditions—if not the soil—are precisely the same as ours here. The late Ernest Henry Wilson once told me that he had seen this tree growing on the Japanese coast where six feet of the bole was under water at high tide.

The above, being the evidence so far collected, how do you suppose that a forest of large trees yielding "architectural timber" ever got started here in the first place—trees yielding 10 in. by 12 in. oak beams and framing, 20 inch wide white pine flooring, wide fir and spruce spreaders, sills, headers and joists? To me, the specu­ lation does not make sense when compared with known facts.

So I here register a doubt that any trees could ever have at­ tained to the dignity of "architectural timber" on this island.

Now a few very framentary historical notes and I am through with what our President told me was to be a ten-minute discourse.

Documentary evidence exists that the "oldest house" built in 1686 for Jethro Coffin and Mary, his wife, was of lumber sawed at the mill of Peter Coffin in New Hampshire and brought here by vessel.

In Mary Starbuck's account book with the Indians from 1683 to 1768, contains an entry, dated 1730: "Going a trip for wood with Paul to the Vineyard."

Starbuck's History of Nantucket quotes Zaccheus Macy to the effect that during a severe winter, in the period of the American Revolution, brush wood was hauled by sledge over the ice from Coskata for use as firewood.

Certainly had there been any stock of any kind of timber on the island the inhabitants would hardly have gone to this trouble to keep themselves from freezing.

Also, Crevecoeur in the Letters From An American Farmer, under date of 1782, wrote of the original settlers as finding "the island so universally barren" that they took to fishing rather than farming. He also writes of the town of Sherborn as consisting of "about 530 houses that were framed on the main." Again, he writes of the island as "deprived of materials for building" and of the original settlers as "not being possessed of a single tree in the whole of their dominions."

Reading what Crevecoeur has to say, I am disposed to wonder whether the island has not even more trees upon it now than it had in 1671.

The way in which this myth got started can be well illustrated from Captain Obed Macy's book of notes for a possible second edition of his History of Nantucket. When discussing the use of peat on Nantucket he wrote in 1843 that during the Revolution the people of this island were so hard put for fuel that in May, 1778, the Proprietors of the Common Land opened Tauwpansheo Swamp, "so called," to the public for the digging of peat. Then he goes on to say: "The strata of peat found in them (the swamps) is from one foot to six or more in depth A remarkable circumstance may be mentioned before we leave the subject. In many of the swamps the Peat is from six to eight feet in depth, a hard bottom of sand is below the peat on which is found many large stumps and roots of trees and some parts of them are burnt to charcoal, so that it is beyond a doubt that fire consumed the trees. Which leads many to conclude that when the island was first settled by the English & being covered with woods, there was not clear land sufficient for the wants of the people to cultivate, ", etc. So they burned it off.

He concludes: "I think from the foregoing circumstances we may infer that the Island was covered with Woods, and that they were set on fire as above mentioned. My ancestors have often told me that from the best information they could obtain the Island originally was covered with Woods."

However, neither Obed Macy, nor any one else of his day, knew aught about the formation of peat. If the stumps and roots men^26j>

tioned by Macy lay under six to eight feet of peat, the trees were either killed by fire or by drowning, or by both, at least 4000 years ago. Certainly they died a very long time in the past.

The rate of peat formation is very slow. Peat forms during a long drawn out period of submergence, or of slowly rising water.

The mass of dead rush and reed roots, stems and leaves from which peat is formed must have had time to so accumulate that, as the water rises, literally the living plants have time to climb on top of the compacted remnants of previous plants. Otherwise, the peat cannot form. Even now the exact minimum rate of peat formation is not known. However, it is probable that a layer of peat suitable for fuel but two feet thick took at least 1000 years to form; prob­ ably longer. As to this, see the discussion of peat formation, not only in Nantucket but elsewhere, in The New England-Arcadian Shore Line, D. W. Johnson, and the Relation of Plants to Tide Levels, D. S. Johnson and H. H. York, Publication No. 206, Car­ negie Institution, 1915.

So it is safe to say that the trees of the stumps and roots men­ tioned by Obed Macy as under six to eight feet of peat were never seen alive by white people; probably, not even by Indians. These trees were growing here, and ceased to grow here, even long before Lief Ericsson came along this coast; probably before the archaic Hellenes settled in the Attic Peninsular. At that time the coastal conditions here were very different than they were even in 1671.

Fire in brush, even in forests, is frequently started by lightning.

Above I have discussed the kind of trees to which these stumps belonged.

More Old Nantucket Sayings About a year ago we received from Miss Lucy Davis, and her cousin, Mrs. Lucretia Mott Churchill, a beautifully-bound little "Memory Book," kept by their grandmother, Mrs. Maria Mott Davis, who was a daughter of our famous Lucretia Mott. The book con­ tains a collection of what Mrs. Davis calls "Jottings of Old Nantucket Sayings and Expressions" of her grandmother, Anna (Folger) Coffin, Lucretia Mott's mother. Mrs. Davis, the compiler, died in 1897, in her eightieth year, and her grandmother, Anna Coffin, from whom she quotes, was born in 1771. This carries us well back into the eighteenth century and some way down into the early nineteenth. The book was begun by Mrs. Davis in 1860, just seventy-five years ago, when she started copying into it the notes she had made from time to time.

As many of you know, I have long been interested in collecting these old expressions, and I have noted and recorded a great many of them. Though there were some in this little book which were familiar to me, there were many others which I had never heard, •$27)3f

and it seemed to me rather worth while, before they are forgotten, to put some of the less familiar ones into a form which could be printed in our Annual Proceedings as a permanent record for future students of our island folk-lore and speech.

The first one I encountered was the expression "Peter Pollard!"

This meant to the initiated: "Enough has been said on that subject," which was the way Peter Pollard (whoever he was) is reported to have been in the habit of closing an argument when he thought it had gone far enough. To say to a disputant "Peter Pollard!" was equivalent to saying, "All right—let it go at that."

Next, I came across two quaint paraphrases of old saws: "Beauty is only knee deep," (which, by the way, would be not alto­ gether inapropros today), and " Poverty begins at home," equally timely in these Depression days.

Many of us who can go back a half century or more will remember Sampson Pompey, a respectable old colored man who lived in that part of the town at the foot of Pleasant street known as "Guinea." The compiler quotes two of his sayings: "It's an ill wind that blows nobody away," and "God tempers the wind to the shored land."

To Lydia Waterman (whoever she may have been) is attributed this ancient wisecrack: "Hogs are rightly named."

"To give the squaw's answer" meant to keep silent when asked a question "for," they said, "no answer is better than none."

One Heppy Long received a visit from a neighbor whom she disliked, and who, after boring her for some time, said, "I must go now." "Well," said Heppy, "I guess you'd as good as."

Two expressions meaning first rate, or very good, were: "Double Canary" and "gingerbread all round."

The term "Dusty Miller" meant a high old time, and the saying '"Twasn't every day Morris killed a bull" signified a rare occasion, to be made the most of.

We have all heard the expression "It'll do with an onion," but Grandmother Coffin's version is more complete and to the point: "It'll do with an onion and chowder won't without."

The word "predy," meaning forward or pert, was new to me, and to say "In a horn!" to any statement meant I don't believe it.

"It was such a poult" meant it was unexpected—startling.

"Like Aunt Bethia's cat," was a rich one. Aunt Bethia was credited with having said: "Her cat kittened less and less till she kittened nary one."

How often we used to hear that term "nary one," meaning none at all.

The word "umpeer" seemed to connote: very strange, remarkable.

And here is a collection of typical bits of characteristic old Nan­ tucket folk speech, with true salt and whale-oil flavor: Of a big job of work ahead: "Oh, it seems such a Cape Horn voyage!"

The end of an undertaking was referred to as "the heel of the voyage."

•$28fc

Of an unwelcome guest: "About as welcome as water in a new ship."

An old captain in failing health said he was "falling astarn fast."

"Tend tides" meant to be punctual, on time, watchful, attentive.

And this priceless gem: "A clean hearth and a husband at sea— what more could be desired?"

Aunt Bunker is said to have remarked: "Of all people in the world fools have the least sense."

"As poor as Job's off ox" expressed the extreme limit of desti­ tution.

"To sprunt up" meant to make one's self neat or tidy. As we say "to spruce up."

The "docity" connoted common sense.

"If he says 'snip' you say 'snap' was advice to agree and accept unhesitatingly whatever was said.

"Just give us the quintessence" meant state the main points without needless details or elaboration.

The word "scoon" meant friendly, sociable.

"He murrished them off"—drove them away; cleared them out.

"He had his sitting clothes on" was said of one who had made too long a call. Another variation of this was "he had his corduroys on," referring, doubtless, to the long-wearing qualities of that material.

"Done a hooter", i.e., something great—often heard in my boyhood, "Such herry-derry weather," i. e., squally, changeable.

"Tantarara" was a quaint word, as "such a tantarara fire!"

Cash, a peddler, after travelling the whole length of India street (now Pearl street), calling at every household without selling anything, sang as he left it: "Some calls it Ingy street; I calls it stingy street."

"Dog's leg!" was an expression of contempt or incredulity, as we say "fiddle-sticks!" "Cat's foot," in this sense, is more familiar to most of us, I think, but "Dog's Leg!!" was new—to me, at least.

"Rulluc" was a word applied to useless trumpery or worn-out things—perhaps a corruption of relic. I suggest having a Rulluc Sale as a change from Rummage Sale.

"As cold as the hundredth day of January" was a term applied to an extremely cold day or spell.

Of a flimsy or cheaply made article or garment it was said: "It'll last about as many nights as days."

"Slickens" meant the juice from fruit or berries to be made into jelly or preserves.

To conclude, I find a familiar old expression, "Dogged cunning," which I have often heard Nantucketers use, but I did not realize it was so old.

These which I have quoted are only a few of the many given in this interesting little book which can be seen in the library of our Historical Rooms by anyone interested.

William F. Macy.

-$29)5*

Publications of the Nantucket Historical Association

Timothy White Papers, by Rev. Myron Samuel Dudley.

Vol. 1, No. 2, 1898, 50cts Nantucket Lands and Land Owners, by Henry Barnard Worth.

The Title and The Nantucket Insurrection.

Vol. 2, No. 1, 1901, 50cts.

The Settlers, Their Homes and Government.

(Map).

Vol. 2, No. 2, 1902, 50cts.

The Indians of Nantucket.

Vol. 2, No. 3, 1902, 50cts.

Sheep Commons and The Proprietary.

Vol. 2, No. 4, 1904, 50cts.

Ancient Buildings of Nantucket.

Vol. 2, No. 5, 1906, (reprinted in 1928), $1.00 Indian Names, Wills and Estates, Index.

Vol. 2, No. 6, 1910, 50cts.

Wills and Estates Continued.

Vol. 2, No. 7, 50cts.

A Century of Free Masonry on Nantucket, by Alexander Starbuck.

Vol. 3, No. 1, 1903, 50cts.

The Horseshoe House, by William F. Macy.

50cts.

"Ye Olde Mill", by William F. Macy.

25cts.

Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the Nantucket Historical As­ sociation from 1895 to 1935.

25cts.

•€{30ja-

List of Members Please advise the Secretary of any errors noted.

LIFE COUNCILLORS. Coffin, Winthrop, 60 State St., Boston, Mass.

Folger, Annie Barker, Lily St., Nantucket.

Lang, Florence Osgood (Rand), Nantucket.

Mitchell, Sidney, 171 Madison Ave., New York City.

LIFE MEMBERS. Adams, Harry B., 4 Ashmore Road, Worcester.

Adams, Karl, 36 Beacon St., Boston.

Appleton, William Sumner, 141 Cambridge St., Boston.

Austin, Mrs. W. H. M., Nantucket.

Barnard, Prof. Charles, 139 East 39th St., New York City.

Barnard, Frederic, 236 Main St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Barrett, Mrs. Mabel Allen (Downing), 1170 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C. Barrett, Mrs. Mary E. (Wilson), 411 Montross Ave., Rutherford, N.J. Barrett, William M., 411 Montross Ave., Rutherford, N. J. Barrett, William Wilson, 411 Montross Ave., Rutherford, N. J. Beebe, Mrs. Alice Geissler, 181 Appleton St., Arlington Heights, Mass.

Blackburn, Miss Elizabeth M., Orange St., Nantucket.

Bodfish, Miss Annie Warren, Nantucket.

Boynton, Frederick P., 204 Sheridan Road North, Highland Park, 111.

Brewer, Mrs. Mary Augusta, 728 Fairfield Rd., Burlingame, Cal. Brock, Miss Susan Emma, Fair St., Nantucket.

Brown, William Frederick, Woodstock, N. S. W., Australia, care of Dr. G. Archbold.

Capp, Seth Bunker, Box 2054, Philadelphia, Penn.

Carlisle, G. Lister, Jr., 18 Orange St., Nantucket.

Cathcart, Wallace Hugh, President Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio.

Catlin, Miss Sarah Affia, Lily St., Nantucket.

Clark, Mrs. Anna (Swain), Nantucket.

Coffin, Maurice P., 47 Union Park Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. Coffin, Winthrop, 60 State Street, Boston.

Colket, G. Crawford, Villa Nova, Pa. Colket, Tristram Coffin, 2nd., Villa Nova, Pa. Colket, Tristram Coffin, 3rd, Villa Nova, Pa. Davis, Charles Henry, 18 Old Slip, New York City.

Davis, Mrs. Margaret (Underwood), 100 Common St., Belmont, Mass.

Dickinson, Walter F., Wheatley Cross Roads, Wheatley, Long Island.

Dudley, Mrs. Mary (Marret), Standish, Maine.

Durfee, Mrs. Mary Galusha (Hatch), Palmyra, N. Y. Elting, Mrs. Susan (Green), 729 Washington St., Brookline, Mass.

Erickson, Arioch Wentworth, Greystone House, Swampscott, Mass.

-$31)S<-

Erickson, Arioch Wentworth, Jr., Greystone House, Swampscott, Mass.

Erickson, Mrs. Cecile Macy, Greystone House, Swampscott, Mass.

Erickson, Douglas, Greystone House, Swampscott, Mass.

Erickson, Josiah Macy, Greystone House, Swampscott, Mass.

Everett, Henry Collin, 201 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass.

Fitzgerald, Miss Elizabeth Coffin, 49 Federal St., Boston, Mass.

Forbes, Miss Mary Bowditch, Milton, Mass.

Ford, Mrs. Horatio, Mayfield, Richmond Rds., South Euclid, Ohio.

Ford, James B., 1790 Broadway, New York.

Francis, Mrs. Edgar S., Durham, Conn.

Freeborn, Lydia S., 22 Liberty St., Nantucket.

Frothingham, Miss Ellen Folger, 9 Exeter St., Boston.

Fuller, Frederick Vincent, Milk St., Nantucket.

Gray, Mrs. David, 2406 Penobscot Bldg., Detroit, Mich.

Gray, David, Jr., 2406 Penobscot Bldg., Detroit, Mich.

Greene, Howard, 559 Marshall St., Milwaukee, Wis. Gries, Mrs. Ethel Goff (Folger), 2803—18th St., N. W., Wash., D. C. Gwynn, Mrs. Mary, 228 South 22nd. St., Philadelphia, Penn.

Hamilton, Mrs. Dora Macy, 3319 N. Adams St., Tacoma, Wash.

Hinchman, Miss Anne, 3635 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Hinchman, Mrs. Lydia Swain (Mitchell), 3635 Chestnut St., Phila.

Hinchman, Miss Margaretta, 3635 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Penna.

Husband, Joseph, New Dollar Lane, Nantucket.

Hutaff, Mrs. Grace (Elkins), Nantucket.

Jannotta, Mrs. Stella S., Warrenville Rd., Wheaton, Illinois.

Jenkins, Lawrence W., Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass.

Johnson, Mrs. Minnie Agnes (Jonah), Bath, Maine.

Johnson, Mrs. Pauline (Mackay), Main St., Nantucket.

Jones, Bassett, 101 Park Ave., New York City.

Joy, Moses, Camera Club, 121 West 68th St., New York City.

Kenney, Miss Lillian, 25 Cliff Road, Nantucket.

Kimball, Charles P., Madaket Road, Nantucket.

Kimball, Mrs. Martha W. (Pond), 13 Argyle Ave., Rochester, N. Y. King, Samuel G., 367-369 Atlantic Ave., Boston.

Larkin, Mrs. Ruth William, care of Larkin Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Leavett, Mrs. Gertrude Mitchell (Goodsell), Scarsdale, N. Y. MacDonald, Mrs. Elizabeth H., Hotel Margaret, Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mackie, Mrs. David Ives, 128 East 39th St., N. Y. Macy, Nelson, 441 Pearl St., N. Y. Manter, Capt. Harry, 386 Park Ave., Cliff Side, N. J. McCleary, Miss Helen Cartwright, 3 Auburn Courts, Brookline, Mass.

McGill, Mrs. Frances M., 36 Rue Desaix, Paris, France.

Mead, Edwin D., 20 Beacon St., Boston Mass.

Miller, Mrs. Gertrude Hussey, 112 Shelton Road, Nichols, Bridgeport, Conn.

Morse, Mrs. Elizabeth W., Liberty Street, Nantucket.

Nye, Pemberton, H., 709 County Street, New Bedford Mass.

O'Gorman, Mrs. Ella Foy, 230 E. St., N. E., Washington, D. C. Otis, Charles 67 Pearl St., New York City.

«Sf32&-

Paine, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Folger), 315 Thayer St., Providence, Rhode Island.

Praeger, Mrs. Caroline S. G., Nantucket.

Praeger, Col. Louis J., Nantucket.

Robb, Miss Nancy Delia, Nantucket.

Rollins, Rev. Walter Huntington, 9 Woodland Place, White Plains, New York.

Satler, Karl E., Main Street, Nantucket.

Sand, Henry A. L., 130 E. 67th St., New York City.

Sharp, Benjamin Karl, 49 West Castle Place, New Rochelle, N. Y. Sharp, Mrs. Elizabeth Elting, 729 Washington St., Brookline, Mass.

Sharp, Mrs. Virginia May (Guild), Gorhams Court, Nantucket.

Smith, Miss Pauline Starbuck Byron, Main St., Nantucket.

Starbuck, George Franklin, Waltham, Mass.

Starbuck, John Austin, University Club, Los Angeles, Cal. Starbuck, Miss Mary Eliza, 8 Pleasant St., Nantucket.

Starbuck, Walter F., Waltham, Mass.

Swain, David Whiton, 31 Nassau St., New York City.

Swain, Mrs. Eunice Swain (Barney) Soundview Ave., White Plains.

Swain, Robert Edward, 321 Elmore Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. Tucker, Albert M., Academy Lane, Nantucket.

Voorneveld, William, Centre St., Nantucket.

Ward, Mrs. Adelaide, Nantucket.

Wilson, Miss Anne, Nantucket.

Worth, Frank, Nantucket.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS Ackerman, Mrs. Frederick L., Windy Hill, Nantucket.

Armstrong, M. M., 80 John St., New York City.

Brooks, Mrs. Anne Roberts, 24 North St., Greenwich, Ct. Brown, Miss Helen Dawes, 9 Howard Street, Nantucket.

Caverly, Albert H., 132 Bowden St., Boston, Mass.

Chamberlain, William E., State Street Trust Co. Boston, Mass.

Griffin, Rev. Joseph M., 6 Orange Street, Nantucket.

Geddes, Mrs. Mathilde H., 39 Fairmount St., Brookline, Mass.

Johnson, Mrs. Pauline M., Colorado Springs, Col. Kendall, William Mitchell, 101 Park Ave., New York City.

Lawson, Marie A., 66 Main Street, Westport, Conn.

Lawson, Robert, 66 Main Street, Westport, Conn.

Lehmaier, Mrs. Isabelle M., 140 W. 57th Street, New York City.

Mitchell, Mrs. Mary K., The Warwick, 17th & Locust Sts., Phila., Pa. McKeag, Mrs. Henry S., 123 No. Mountain Ave. Montclair, N. J. Pray, Mrs. Charles Prior, 50 So. 2nd Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Russell, B. F. W., 20 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.

Russell, Mrs. B. F. W., 20 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.

Shurrocks, Alfred F., 16 Vestal St., Nantucket.

Shurrocks, Mrs. Alfred F., 16 Vestal Street, Nantucket.

Storrow, Mrs. James J., 417 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

Smith, Alden W., 218 Christopher St., Montclair, N. J. <§(33)Ss-

Sullivan, Mrs. Amelia L., 180 Washington Ave., Albany, N. Y. Swain, Frank King, Doylestown, Pa. Waggaman, Robert M., 1700 Eye St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Willets, Mrs. J. Macy, New Marlboro, Mass.

Willets, J. Macy, New Marlboro, Mass.

Winsor, Mary, Havorford, Pa.

ANNUAL MEMBERS Abbott, Frank, Nantucket.

Ackerly, Mrs. Dana T., 365 West End Ave., New York City.

Ackley, Rev. Joseph B., 34 Larabee St., E. Hartford, Conn.

Adams, Walton H., 17 Fair St., Nantucket.

Adams, Mrs. Nancy S., 17 Fair St., Nantucket.

Ahern, Henry E., 151 Valley View Road, Ridgewood, N. J. Alfred, Alin E., 337 So. Ridewood Rd., So. Orange, N. J. Allen, Charles Edward, 24 Dove St., Albany, N. Y. Allen, Florence M., 85 Vine St., Woonsocket, R. I. Allen, Miss Marion Hallett, Orange St., Nantucket.

Allen, Miss Olive Marchant, Orange St., Nantucket.

Allen, Ralph, 101 Woodruff Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Anderson, Mrs. Ella B., 689 South Road, White Plains, N. Y. Anderson, Prof. Louis F., 364 Boyer Ave., Walla Walla, Washington.

Anderson, Mrs. Florence Mary (Bennett), 364 Boyer Ave., Walla Walla, Washington.

Anderson, Miss Marvin V., 689 South Road, White Plains, N. Y. Andrews, Grace, 19 Orange St., Nantucket.

Antz, Eugene, 526 Hudson St., New York City.

Antz, Louise, 526 Hudson St., New York City.

Appleton, Mrs. Helen E., (Folger), Milk St., Nantucket.

Appleton, Mrs. Leila H. (Macy), 14 Fairfield St., Brockton, Mass.

Appleton, Mrs. Mary Phillips, 507 E. Gravers Lane, Chestnut Hill, Pa. Arnold, Miss Sarah E., 13 River St., Weston, Mass.

Ashley, Cap.t H. Percy, 161 East 56th St., New Bedford, Mass.

Ashley, Charles S., 93 State St., New Bedford, Mass.

Ashley, Clifford W., 31 8th St., New Bedford Mass.

Atkins, Edna, 17 Woodside Terrace, Springfield, Mass.

Atkins, Mrs. Katharine W., P. O., Box 1250, Boston.

Atkins, Mrs. Robert W., Brant Point, Nantucket.

Ayers, Miss Annie C., 14 Pearl St., Nantucket.

Ayers John K., 56 Centre St., Nantucket.

Babcock, Miss Edwina Stanton, 298 Piermont Ave., So. Nyack, N. Y. Bacheller, Miss Augusta F., 51 Franklin St., Lynn, Mass.

Bacheller, Miss Helen L., 51 Franklin St., Lynn, Mass.

Backus, Mrs. Alma, Main St., Nantucket.

Baker, Miss Maude, 67 Stimson Ave., Providence, R. I. Balch, W. E., 801 Illinois Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Baldwin, Mrs. Annie Osgood, 2 Quince St., Nantucket.

Baldwin, Frank C., "The Crossways," Lincoln Ave., Nantucket.

•$34>

Ball, Thomas H., 119 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Barnard, Frank R., 124 Reid Ave., Port Washington, L. I. Barnard, John R., E. Sandwich, Mass.

Barnes, Mrs. T. H., 33 E. 77th St., New York City.

Barney, Charles Neal, 2 Park Ave., New York City.

Barney, William H., Hopedale, Mass.

Barney, Mrs. William H., Hopedale, Mass.

Barney, William H. Jr., Hopedale, Mass.

Barrett, Miss Anna E. C., Siasconset.

Baxter, Miss Anna C., Lily Street, Nantucket.

Bates, Maurice E., 3216 Marrell Ave., Kansas City, Mo. Bauman, Mary G., Vinton, Iowa.

Beck, Geraldine, 5897 Van Court, Detroit, Mich.

Beinert, Frederic L., 42 Grove St., Boston, Mass.

Benchley, Mrs. Robert, 2 Lynnwood Rd., Scarsdale, N. Y. Benham, Mrs. Lizzie E., 23 Pearl St., Nantucket.

Bennett, Henry Hollis, Darling St., Nantucket.

Bennett, Mrs. Flora Moore, Darling St., Nantucket.

Bennett, Martha C., 423 W. 120 St., New York City.

Benson, Mrs. R. E., 8 Winter St., Nantucket.

Benton, Mrs. Amy Alice, Chestnut St., Nantucket.

Bettridge, Miss Agnes E., 47 Newbury St., Boston.

Bigelow, Edward Alden, 8 Francis Circuit, Winchester, Mass.

Bigelow, Mrs. Hazel H., 8 Francis Circuit, Winchester, Mass.

Bigelow, Miss Mary E., 14 Fair St., Nantucket.

Blackmur, Miss Eleanor, 471 Maple St., Manchester, N. H. Blair, Mrs. Robert S., 60 E. 42nd St., New York City.

Blossom, Rev. Walter Gardner, 3537 West 58th Place, Los Angeles ,Cal. Blossom, Mrs. Ruth Anderson, 3537 West 58th Place, Los Angeles, Cal. Bolles, Walter P., 84 Sydney Ave., Deal, N. J. Bolles, Mrs. Walter P., 84 Sydney Ave., Deal, N. J. Borneman, Mrs. E. L., 66 Gates Ave., Montclair, N. J. Bowre, Samuel W., 33 Hampton Rd., Scarsdale, N. Y. Boyd, Miss Edith L., 823 Park Ave., New York City.

Bracher, Mrs. Catherine Morison Coffin, Dongan Hills, N. Y. Bradlee, H. Gardner, 6 Ledgewood Road, Winchester, Mass.

Bradlee, Mrs. Reginald (Gardner), 6 Ledgewood Rd., Winchester, Mass.

Bray, Miss Louise W., 357 Harvard St., Cambridge, Mass.

Brayton, Lieut. Harry R., Nantucket.

Breckinridge, Mrs. Desha, 105 Main St., Nantucket.

Brewer, Mrs. Harriet E., 28 Perkins Ave., Norwich, Conn.

Bridghman, H. W., 656 Farmington, Ave., Hartford, Conn.

Bridgman, Miss Bessie, Nantucket.

Brigham, Miss Lucy M., 31 College Ave., Medford, Mass.

Brock, Albert Gardner, 36 Liberty St., Nantucket.

Brock, Mrs. Annie Cartwright, 36 Liberty St., Nantucket.

Brock, Albert G. 2nd, 13 Gardner St., Nantucket.

•>§{35)§<-

Crosby, Everett U., Orange Street, Nantucket.

Crosby, Mrs. Everett U., Orange St., Nantucket.

Cummings, A. W., 20 Pond St., Framingham, Mass.

Cummings, Lawrence B., 15 E. 49th St., New York City.

Cristell, Helen M., 10 Kathryn St., Belleville, N. J. Cutler, Earl N., 31 Headley Road, Morristown, N. J. Dana, Miss Bessie A., 80 Church St., Englewood, N. J. Davis, Miss Dorothy, Windy Corner, Monomoy, Nantucket.

Davis, Herbert E., Monomoy, Nantucket.

Davis, Mrs. Edith M., Monomoy, Nantucket.

Davis, Mrs. Marion J., 110 Riverside Drive, New York City Davis, Stewart M., Monomoy, Nantucket.

Davison, Mrs. Louis V., Hulbert Ave., Nantucket.

Defriez, Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth (Barron), 537 Washington St., Brookline, Mass.

Denton, Eugene Willis, New Hyde Park, Long Island, N. Y. Denton, Mrs. Lydia M. Garretson, New Hyde Park, Long Island, N. Y. Detrick, Miss Lillie, Blue Ridge Summit, Franklin Co., Pa. Dibble, Mrs. Annie (Hayt), 1 Park Lane, West, Mt. Vernon, N. Y., Dillingham, Mrs. Louise G., Milburn, N. J. Ditmars Mrs. Mary C. (Worth), Main St., Nantucket.

Dobson, Miss Eleanor R., 3801 Macomb St., Washington, D. C. Dodd, Mrs. Mary (Dillingham), 16 Cedar Road, Belmont, Mass.

Donovan, Mrs. James J., 28 Cliff Road, Nantucket.

Dorsey, Mrs. Emily C., 11 Gibson Road, Newtownville, Mass.

Doyle, William B., 531 Ocean Ave., New London, Conn.

Dowey, Thomas Tyall, 232 Palisade Ave., Union City, N. J. Draper, Louise E., 311 E. 35th St., New York City.

Dudley, Helen M., Morrow, Warren Co., Ohio.

Dunham, Harrison G., 180 Hilton Ave., Hempstead, L. I., N. Y. Duponte, Charles, Silver St., Nantucket.

Edgarton, Lewis G., 84 Briacliff Road, Rochester, N. Y. Edgarton, Mrs. Mildred G. (Coffin), 84 Briarcliff Rd., Rochester, N. Y. Edgarton, Priscilla, 84 Briarcliff Road, Rochester, N. Y. Edmunds, A. D., 1411 Beacon St., Brookline, Mass.

Eger, Mrs. Catharine Ray, Saratoga St., Nantucket.

Eger, Oscar B., Saratoga St., Nantucket.

Emery, Amy E., 51 Auburn St., Brookline, Mass.

Emery, Mrs. Jennie S., (Chadwick), Milk St., Nantucket.

Eppert, Mrs. George M., 423 South 4th St., Terre Haute, Indiana.

Ernst, Mrs. Margaret S., 46th West 11th St., New York City.

Everett, Miss Lydia Coffin, 57 Parker St., Newton Centre, Mass.

Everett, Carol, 76 Winter St., Norwood, Mass.

Ewer, Nelson P., 59 Pleasant St., Nantucket.

Farnum, Miss Mary, 15 No. Water St., Nantucket.

Farrell, Florence R., Charter St., Nantucket.

Fay, E. W., Southboro, Mass.

Fezandie, Mrs. Hector, Hudson View Gardens, 183rd St., and Pinehurst Ave., New York City.

Fine, Dr. J., Orange St., Nantucket.

438)§-

Fish, Miss Anna Gardner, Perkins Institute, Watertown, Mass.

Fisher, Miss Beulah M., 28 Milk St., Nantucket.

Fisher, Charles J., Union St., Nantucket.

Fisher, Miss Lila Capen, 25 Richwood St., Boston, Mass.

Fitch, Miss C. T., 535 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

Fitch, Miss Mary Alice, 14 Sheffield West, Winchester, Mass.

Fletcher, Mrs. Frances Du Puy, The Manor House, Abbots Inn, Andover, England.

Focht, Mildred, 435 W. 119th St., New York City.

Floyd, Mrs. Walter, Monomoy, Nantucket.

Folger, Miss Annie Alden, Nantucket.

Folger, Mrs. Francis E., 8 Fair St., Nantucket.

Folger, Herbert Warren, 1723 Radcliffe Rd„ Dayton, Ohio.

Folger, Homer J., 829 Fifth Ave., Troy, N. Y. Folger, Lester M., 18 Cliff Road, Nantucket.

Folger, Miss Ruth Angell, 146 First St., Troy, N. Y. Folger, Walter W., Box 652, Spencer, N. C. Folger, Mrs. William Alfred, 1435 Fairmount St., Washington, D. C. Forbes, Mrs. Mellette, 33 E. 70th St., New York City.

Fordyce, Wesley, Darling St., Nantucket.

Fowler, Percy L., Bordentown, N. J. Francis, Eben W., Sunset Hill, Nantucket.

Francis, Lewis W., 81 Remsen St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Francis, Mrs. Lewis W., 81 Remsen St., Brooklyn, New York.

Franklin, Hary R., North Easton, Mass.

Fraser, Miss Emma J., Nantucket.

Frazier, Robert H., 313 W. Washington St., Greensboro. N, C. Freeman, Harrison B., 50 State St., Hartford, Conn.

Fuller, Mrs. Susan B., Milk St., Nantucket.

Fuller, Walter N., 40 Chester Ave., Waltham, Mass.

Gale, Harvey, 135 W. 12th St., New York City.

Gale, Robert, 135 West 12th St., New York.

Gale, Mrs. Sadie M., 1168 Lowell Road, Schenectady, N. Y. Gardiner, Mrs. Alice C., Belmont, Mass.

Gardiner, Raynor M., Belmont, Mass.

Gardner, Miss Grace Brown, Framingham Normal School, Framingham, Mass.

Gardner, Harrison G., No. Liberty St., Nantucket.

Gardner, Mrs. Harrison G., No. Liberty St., Nantucket.

Gardner, Herbert C., Box 47, Siasconset.

Gardner, Miss Inez J., 1831 Ontario Place, Washington, D. C. Gardner, Isaac B., 99 Ft. Washington Ave., New York.

Gardner, Miss Julia M., 165 East 60th St., New York City.

Gardner, Rev. William E., 5 Arlington St., Boston, Mass.

Gardner, Mrs. Mary Tracy, 5 Arlington, Boston, Mass.

Garland, Mrs. Hattie B., 73 Orange St., Nantucket.

Gibbs, James H., Upper Main St., Nantucket.

Gibbs, Miss Mary E., 32 Harrison St., Taunton, Mass.

Giffin, Miss Charlotte C. N., 61 Sherman St., Hartford, Conn.

Giffin, Norman, P., Nantucket, Mass. ^f39j3-

Giffin, Thomas H., 14 Hussey St., Nantucket.

Giffin, Mrs. Mary E., 14 Hussey St., Nantucket.

Gilbert, Mrs. C. N., Great Barrington, Mass.

Gill, George M. L., 187 Sherwood Place, Englewood, N. J. Gill, George Lee, 187 Sherwood Place, Englewood, N. J. Gill, Mrs. Phebe Andrews (Luther), 187 Sherwood Place, Englewood.

Gill, Philip, 187 Sherwood St., Englewood, N. J. Gill, Phillip Lee, Jr., 187 Sherwood Place, Englewood, N. J. Ginn, Cornelia Root, Gates Mills, Ohio.

Glassford, Mrs. S. R., 299 Highland Ave., Ridgewood, N. J. Gordon, Mrs. Harry, Jr., Polpis Road, Nantucket.

Gouin, Miss Gwendolyn L., Siasconset.

Godart, George S., State Librarian, Hartford, Conn.

Goodhart, L. McCormick, Langley Park, Silver Springs, Md. Goodridge, Mrs. Frederick G., New Canaan, Conn.

Grant, Mrs. C. A., Siasconset.

Grant, George A., 76 Orange St., Nantucket.

Gray, Donald C., 320 Comonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass.

Gray, Miss Ivy, Farms Road, Greenwich, Conn.

Greene, David J., 47 Broad St., Milford, Conn.

Greene, Mrs. Anna (Dort), 47 Broad St., Milford, Conn.

Grimshaw, William C., Fort Pheonix, Fairhaven, Mass.

Grouard, Mrs. Lena (Weymouth), 97 Bowdoin St., Dorchester, Mass.

Grosvenor, T. P., Old Westbury, Long Island, N. Y. Grosvenor, Mrs. Anita, Old Westbury, Long, Island, New York.

Grout, Mrs. John C., 194 St. Paul St., Brookline, Mass.

Gunmere, Mrs. Amelia (Mott), 29 Tenmore Road, Haverford, Penn.

Gurley, Rev. Richard H., St. Martin's Rectory, Radnor, Penn.

Haines, Mrs. Arthur, Alden Park Manor, Germantonw, Phila., Pa. Hall, Mrs. Henry G., 15 Orne Square, Salem, Mass.

Hall, William Jr., 17 Union St., Nantucket.

Halsey, Miss Caroline, 141 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Halsey, Miss Harriet, 141 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Ham, Mrs. Charlotte Woodman, Main St., Nantucket.

Hamm, Miss Charlotte Woodman, Jr., Main St., Nantucket.

Hambly, A. Lincoln, Tiverton, R. I. Hammond, Josephine, Main St., Nantucket.

Harris, Edward, 40 Franklin St., Rochester, N. Y. Harris, Mrs. Richard B., 1127 East Avenue, Rochester, N. Y. Harrison, Mrs. Agnes W., South Rd., Holden, Mass.

Harwood, Miss Margaret, 23 Craigie St., Cambridge, Mass.

Harwood, P. Leroy, P. 0. Drawer 853, New London, Conn.

Hatch, John Davis, Jr., 21 Limanen St., Cambridge, Mass.

Hatch, Miss Hannah Gilford, 37 Union St., Nantucket.

Hayward, Mrs. Emma F., Centre St., Nantucket.

Hazard, Miss Bertha, 11 Nassua St., Boston.

Heard, Reginald E., 828 Morningside Road, Ridgewood, N. J. Heard, Mrs. Reginald E., 828 Morningside Road, Ridgewood, N. J. Hedge, Mrs. William R., 87 Kilby St., Boston.

Hems, Mrs. Mabel T., 862 Union St., Brooklyn, N. Y. •£{40)iSs-

Henry, Mrs. Frank F., 864 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Henry, Kenneth, 557 Hancock St., No. Quincy, Mass.

Hill, Murray Gardner, 20 Oak Knoll Gardens, Pasadena, Calif.

Hitchcock, Mrs. Lemuel, Siasconset.

Hobbs, Franklin W., 78 Chauncy St., Boston.

Holden, Mrs. Harry H., Siasconset.

Holland, William, 4 Gay St., Nantucket.

Holmes, Mrs. James A., 41 Orange St., Nantucket.

Horrocks, Emily C., New Hartford, N. Y. Horrocks, Frances, New Hartford, N. Y. Howard, Frank B., 234 Main St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Howard, Miss Lucy V., Hussey St., Nantucket.

Hoyle, Alexander E., 248 Boylston St., Boston.

Hoyt, Miss Ruth Gladys, 116 Cambridge Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. Hubbard, Miss Alma R., Wheeling, W. Va. Hubbard, Thomas F., 3324 Ellerslie Ave., Baltimore, Md. Hubbard, Mrs. Thomas F., 3324 Ellerslie Ave., Baltimore, Md. Hubbard, Thomas M., 1001 Riverside Ave., Baltimore, Md. Humphrey, Ira W., Tiverton, R. I. Hunter, C. C., 90 North 17th St., East Orange, N. J. Hurst, Carl E., 40 Broad St., Boston.

Hussey, Miss Eliza Myrick, Nantucket.

Hussey, Elliot B., 134 Summit Cross, Rutherford, N. J. Hussey, John E. A., 50 Marshal St., Brookline, Mass.

Hussey, Peter M., 17 W. Chester St., Nantucket.

Hussey, Mrs. Elizabeth Chace (Kelley), 17 W. Chester St., Nantucket.

Hutton, Miss Florence Edgar, 18 Union St., Nantucket.

Ide, Miss Elizabeth W., 17 Pearl St., Nantucket.

Ide, Miss Lilla D., 17 Pearl St., Nantucket.

Inman, Annie G., 3174 W. 14th St., Cleveland, Ohio.

Jaillet, Elizabeth, 110 Orange St., Nantucket.

Jaillet, Urbaine, 110 Orange St., Nantucket.

Jacob, Mrs. W. H., 157 E. 72nd St., New York City.

Jenney, Edgar W., Vestal St., Nantucket.

Jenney, Mrs. Edgar W., Vestal St.,Nan tucket.

Jernegan, Miss Elsie, Orange St., Nantucket.

Johnson, Mrs. Belle H., Conway Mass.

Jones, Bassett, Polpis .Nantucket.

Jones, Mrs. Bassett, Polpis, Nantucket.

Joyce, Ruth A., 55 Valley Road, Milton, Mass.

Judson, Miss Mary A., 178 Smith St., New Bedford, Mass.

Kayan, Frederick, Stanwick Lane, Greenwich, Conn.

Kayan, Mrs. Frederick, Stanwick Lane, Greenwich, Conn.

Kellogg, Herbert Steele, Hussey St., Nantucket.

Kellogg, Mrs. Louise Livingstone, Hussey St., Nantucket.

Kellogg, R. S., 31 Bagley Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. Kerins, Mrs. Dorothy Coffin, 53 Arthur St., Yonkers, N. Y. Keyes, Homer Eaton, 468 Fourth Ave., New York City.

Kidde, Miss Elsa A., 66 Gates Ave., Montclair, N. J. ^{41^-

Kilburn, Clifford S., 264 County St., New Bedford, Mass.

Kilton, Miss Harriet A., 180 Power St., Providence, R. I. Kimball, Mrs. Charles P., Madaket Road, Nantucket.

King, Clarence, Silvermine Rd., New Canaan, Conn.

King, Mrs. Clarence, Silvermine Rd., New Canaan, Conn.

King, Miss Kathleen, Silvermine Rd., New Canaan, Conn.

King, Miss Ella Louise, 138 Cross St., Providence, R. I. King, Timothy, Kingdomcome, New Canaan, Conn.

King, Lowell, Kingdomcome, New Canaan, Conn.

King, Kent, Kingdomcome, New Canaan, Conn.

La Boiteaux, Mrs. Isaac, Byrn Mawr, Pa. Laird, Mrs. John M., 24 Bishop Road, West Hartford, Conn.

Laird, Mrs. John M., 24 Bishop oad, West Hartford, Conn.

Lamson, Gardner, 320 West 83rd St., New York City.

Lamson, Miss Kate Glidden, 14 Remington St., Cambridge, Mass.

Lang, Miss Anne, 20 Pearl St., Nantucket.

Langton, Mabel Ford, 454 Waverly Place, Orange, N. J. Lapham, Mrs. Edna Capen, South Ave., New Canaan, Conn.

Lathrop, Churchill P., Norwich, Vt. Lathrop, Mrs. Mabel (Blossom), 10 Prescott Ave., Montelair, N. J. Lathrop, John Clarke, 10 Prescott Ave., Montelair, N. J. Lehmaier, Alan L., % Ladd & Webster, 4 East 46th St., New York.

Lehmaier, Mrs. James S., 140 West 57th St., New York City.

LeLacheur, Dr. Ellis Sweetlove, West Bridgewater, Mass.

Lewis, Dr. Frank Edward, Centre St., Nantucket.

Lewis, Mfs. Mary (Brock), Centre St., Nantucket.

Lewis, Richard V., 6 Cabot Ave., Nantucket.

Lewis, Mrs. Richard V., 6 Cabot Ave., Nantucket.

Lewis, Susie, 115 Main St., Nantucket.

Lewis, Vivian M., Vice Chancellor's Chambers, Paterson, N. J. Lewis, Mrs. Vivian M., Vice Chancellor's Chambers, Paterson, N. J. Lewis, Walter C., Brookline, Mass.

Locke, John J., 1969 Alameda Terrace, San Diego, Calif.

Locke, Mrs. Isabella F., 1969 Alameda Terrace, San Diego, Calif.

Loepsinger, Albert J., 20 Abbotsford Court, Providence, R. I. Loines, Miss Elma, 3 Pierrepont Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. Long, Miss Carrie James, Bloom St., Nantucket.

Long, Mrs. Hilton W., 2 Prescott St., Cambridge, Mass.

Lord, Miss Harriet, 25 East End Ave., New York City.

Lothman, Mabel Voss, 375 So. Gore Ave, Webster Grove, Mo. Lottridge, Silas A., 43 So. Maple Ave., E. Orange, N. J. Lottridge, Alice D., 43 So. Maple Ave., E. Orange, N. J. Low, Mrs. Will H., 25 Prescott Ave., Lawrence Park, Bronxville, N. Y. Lowden, Matthew Crosby, 143-145 West 15th St., New York.

Lowell, Nathaniel E., Nantucket.

Luckey, Emma G., Vinton, Iowa.

Luckey, Robert G., Faculty Club, Easton, Penn.

Mack, Miss Doris M., 1 Plumb Lane, Nantucket.

Mackay, George Henry, Nantucket.

Mackie, Mrs. Arthur H., 538 Lake St., Newark, N. J. •$42}>

Maeomber, B. Frank, Tiverton, E. I. Maey, Clinton Thomas, 28 West Chester St., Nantucket.

Macy, John Williams, 966 South Private Road, Hubbard Woods, 111.

Macy, Madeleine W., 515 W. 122nd St., New York City.

Macy, Nelson Jr., Greenwich, Conn.

Mallinson, Mrs. Linda F., 625 Park Ave., New York City.

Maloney, Richard, Nantucket.

Manville, C. Rollin, Lawrence Park, Bronxville, N. Y. Manville, C. Rollin Jr., Lawrence Park, Bronxville, N. Y. Marden, Willard B., Milk St., Nantucket.

Marion, Ben C., 46 Metropolitan Ave., Roslindale, Mass.

Markovies, Margaret, 1370 Merriam Ave., New York City.

Marshall, Albert E., 139 Brewster Road, Scarsdale, N. Y. Marshall, Mrs. Albert E., 139 Brewster Road, Scarsdale, N. Y. Marshall, Miss Helen, 71 Williams St., Norwich, Conn.

Marshall, Thomas W., 1341 Connecticut Ave, Washington, D. C. Marshall, Mrs. Thomas W., 1341 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C. Marshall, Whitfield, 7023 Blair Road, Washington, D. C. Martin, Mrs. Everett Dean, 107 Witherbee Ave., Pelham Manor, N. Y. Martin, Mrs. Ferrier J., 27 East 76th St., New York City.

Martin, Mrs. Florence M., 430 E. 57th St., New York City.

Martin, Shelton E., Peasack, N. J. Martyne, Charles W., 82 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn N. Y. Mason, Edith, 8036 Watkins Drive, St. Louis, Mo. Mason, Mrs. Lydia Swain, 5319 Angora Terrace, Philadelphia, Penn.

Mason, Mrs. W. S., 8036 Watkins Drive, St. Louis, Mo. Mather, William L., Nantucket.

Mather, Ida L., Nantucket.

Maurer, Herrymon, 315 Rickey Ave., Pittsburgh, Penn.

Maurer, Mrs. Herrymon, 315 Rickey Ave., Pittsburgh, Penn.

Maynard, Miss Julia M., 259 Mystic St., Arlington, Mass.

Meader, Miss Caroline Stewart, 862 Glenwood Ave., Avondale, Cin­ cinnati, Ohio.

Miller, Mrs. Henry, Siasconset.

Miller, Miss M. Louise, 66 Centre St., Nantucket.

Miller, Miss Ruth, 66 Centre St., Nantucket.

Milliken, Mrs. Mary Alice, 303 County St., New Bedford, Mass.

Mills, Mrs. Buell P., 11 Portsmouth Terrace, Rochester, N. Y. Mitchell, Florence, 33 Water St., Medford Mass.

Mitchell, Josephine L., 33 Water St., Medford, Mass.

Mitchell, Leeds, 1515 Board of Trade Building, Chicago, 111.

Mitchell, Leeds Jr., 1515 Board of Trade Building, Chicago, 111.

Mitchell, Richard, 808 Cypress St., Greensboro, N. C. Moller, Mrs. Hans Eskildsen, 7 Pleasant St., Nantucket.

Monaghan, James, Nantucket.

Moore, Charles Everett, 11 Court St., White Plains, N. Y. Moore, Mrs. Frank W., Melrose Road, Auburn, N. Y. Moore, Frederic Gardner, Segreganset, Mass.

Moore, Mrs. Grace Boomer, Segreganset, Mass.

Morgan, Mrs. Eleanor (Williams), 2 Martins Lane, Nantucket. ^43^-

Morris, Mrs. Mary E., 34 Easton St., Nantucket.

Morris, Mary L., Hopewell, Va. Morris, William R., Lily St. Nantucket.

Morrissey, J. Frank, 590 Main St., West Warwick, R. I. Morse, Carl F. A., 237 Locust St., Danvers, Mass.

Murray, Mrs. Emilie Burford, 34 High St., Dorchester, Mass.

Murray, Henry A. Jr., 158 Mt. Vernon St., Boston.

Myers, Mrs. Maria B., 625 Park Ave., New York City.

Myrick, Mrs. Lydia B. (Smith), Hussey St., Nantucket.

MacKay, Mrs. W. E., North Liberty St., Nantucket.

MacKinnon, Miss Anna I., 33 Liberty St., Nantucket.

McCarthy, Eleanor G., 43 Fowler Ave., Revere, Mass.

McDonald, H. Louise, 11 Grant Ave., Glen Falls, N. Y. McGowan, Mrs. Alice S., 322 Kent Road, Bala Cynwyd, Penn.

McGowan, John S., 322 Kent Road, Bala Cynwyd, Penn.

McKean, Capt. John, 210 Rye Beach Ave., Rye, N. Y. McMillan, Mary E., 162 Pleasant St., North Adams, Mass.

McWilliams, Wm. J., 99 Williams Ave., Larchmont, N.Y. Newcomb, Mrs. Lizzie, 7 Union St., Nantucket.

Nicholson, Mrs. Caroline Harriet (Bartlett), 27 G. St., South Boston.

Norcross, Jessamine A., 76 Orange St., Nantucket.

Norcross, Mrs. Madeleine L., 76 Orange St., Nantucket.

Norris, Mrs. Emma F. (Marsh), 9 Norway St., Boston.

Nutt, Mrs. Glenn, 410 Fairmont St., Amarillo, Texas.

Nye, Horace K., 84 Green St., Fairhaven, Mass.

Nye, Mrs. Mary F., 40 Riverview Terrace, Springfield, Mass.

Nye, Mrs. Pemberton H., 709 County St., New Bedford, Mass.

O'Connell, Mary B., 17 Woodside Terrace, Springfield, Mass.

Oliver, Norris S., 26 Walsh St., East Orange, N. J. Oliver, Mrs. Mary S., 26 Walsh St., East Orange, N. J. Osborne, Irene, 1177 Boswell St., Topeka, Kansas.

Osborne, William E., 928 Illinois Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Otis, Miss Berenice, 62 Sunapee St., Springfield, Mass.

Palmer, Miss Bertha S., 1035 S. 51st St., Philadelphia, Penn.

Parker, Miss Clara, Stone Alley, Nantucket.

Parker, Mrs. James A., 41 N. Monroe St., Ridgewood, N. J. Parker, Mrs. Lydia Bradford, Plympton, Mass.

Patten, Mrs. Carrie Maey, 602 Pineo St., Hilo, Hawaii.

Patten, Miss Elinor, 602 Pineo St., Hilo, Hawaii.

Pearson, Gardner W., 69 Chelsea St., Lowell, Mass.

Pearson, Mrs. Gertrude J., 1118 W. Johnson St., Madison, Wis. Pease, B. Chester, Nantucket.

Pease, Mrs. Ellen Gray (Parker), Nantucket.

Pell, S. H. P., Fort Ticonderoga Museum, Fort Ticonderoga, N. Y. Perry, Mrs. Annie Mabel, 1 Howard St., Nantucket.

Perry, Mrs. Charles F., 25 Cottage St., Brookline, Mass.

Perry, Eugene M., Liberty St., Nantucket.

Perry, Mrs. Annie M., Liberty St., Nantucket.

Perry, Lawrence W., Box 535, Saxtons River, Vt. Phelan, John K., 59 Pleasant St., Nantucket, Mass.

•$44)§«-

Philcox, Norma Hussey, 75 Jefferson Ave., Maplewood, N. J. Phillips, Mrs. Frieda A., 485 Pacific St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Phinney, Miss Jennie Johnson, 96 Mystic St., West Medford, Mass.

Phinney, Mrs. Priscilla (Morris), 270 Congress St., Boston.

Pickett, Harold L., 10 Fair St., Nantucket.

Pierce, Mrs. Byron A., Little Compton, R. I. Pierce, Byron A., Little Compton, R. I. Pike, Mildred, 100 Elm St., West Springfield, Mass.

Pitman, Albert P., Siasconset.

Pitman, Mrs. Charlotte (Wyer), Siasconset.

Pivirotto, Lawrence, Nantucket.

Piatt, Miss Clementine, Orange St., Nantucket.

Piatt, Miss Marie Starbuck, 69 Orange St., Nantucket.

Pollak, W. G., 30 Pine St., New York Ciy. t Pollak, Mrs. Elsie E., 30 Pine St., New York City.

Poor, Charles M., St. Davids, Penn.

Pope, Mrs. Mary A., Medfield, Mass.

Porte, Lincoln, Lowell Place, Nantucket.

Post, Mrs. Wm. Combe, Boomtown, N. J. Pray, Martha, 50 So. 2nd Ave., Mt. Vernon, New York.

Prentice, Miss Margaret, The Skipper, Nantucket.

Price, Joseph M., 35 E. 84th St., New York City.

Price, Mrs. Miriam Sutro, 35 E. 84th St., New York City.

Proodian, Carekin S., Centre St., Nantucket.

Prosser, Miss Harriet R., 20 Dwight Place, Englewood, N. J. Ratcliffe, Mrs. Frances, Nantucket.

Rawson, Dorothy, 3737 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Ray, Miss Annie Sheffield, 92 Campbell St., New Bedford, Mass.

Ray, Earl S., Nantucket.

Reynolds, Mrs. Helen B., 37 East 64th St., New York City.

Rich, Mrs. Frank K., Centerville, Mass.

Richardson, Mr. Wm. D., 500 East 18th St., Brooklyn, New York.

Richards, M. S., 150 E. 72nd St., New York City.

Richmond, Mrs. Dorothy Sharp, Nantucket.

Richmond, Dr. George Danforth, 167 Yamashita Cho., Yokahama, Japan.

Richmond, Helen F., 18 Fitzhenry Square, Revere, Mass.

Ring, Miss Anne, Nantucket.

Rixford, M!rs. Mary E., 454 So. Main St., Woonsocket, R. I. Robb, Mrs. Ann, Main St., Nantucket.

Robbins, Mrs. Royal E., 104 Pleasant St., Brookline, Mass.

Robinson, Mrs. Annie D., 816 St. James St., Pittsburgh, Penn.

Robinson, Miss Celeste M., 115 Llewellyn Road, Montclair, N. J. Robinson, John H., Box 301, Nantucket.

Robinson, Captain William Appleby, Cornwall, N. Y. Robinson, Mrs. William Appleby, Cornwall, N. Y. Robinson, Harriett E., 456 Crafts St., West Newton, Mass.

Robinson, Mary Turlay, 171 W. 12th St., New York City.

Robertson, Mrs. Wm C., 40 West Chester St., Nantucket.

Rogers, Mrs. A. Stewart, School St., Nantucket. <$45)§>

Rule, George C., Gay St., Nantucket.

Rule, Mrs. George C., Gay St., Nantucket.

Runk, B. F. D., 24 North St., Greenwich, Conn.

Russell, Mrs. Adelaide T., 816 St. James St., Pittsburgh, Penn.

Russell, Miss Isabel, 20 Newbury St., Boston.

Rust, Fred W., 1000 Washington St., Boston.

Ryley, Edna, Nyack, New York.

Saltus, Mrs. Rollin S., Mt. Kisco, N. Y. Sanbrea, Sophie, 3958 46th St., Long Island City, N. Y. Sanderson, Annie A., 25 Dana St., Cambridge, Mass.

Sanderson, Rev. Edward F., 70 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Sandsbury, Miss Edith M., 8 Wellington Court, Roxbury, Mass.

Satler, Charles E., Main St., Nantucket.

Satler, Mrs. Charles E., Main St., Nantucket.

Schepp, Florence L., 834 Fifth Ave., New York City.

Schirmer, Mrs. Gustave, 32 West Chester St., Nantucket.

Schirmer, Mrs. M. B., 212 E. 10th St., New York City.

Scott, Clara A., 315 Rickey Ave., Pittsburgh, Penn.

Sears, Mrs. Henrietta Bird, Hotel Iowa, Keokuk, Iowa.

Selden, Charles Albert, 2 Mitre Court Buildings, Inner Temple, London, England.

Selden, Mrs. Grace Savage, 2 Mitre Court Buildings, Inner Temple, London, England.

Severance, Miss Susan, 718 Commonwealth Ave., Boston.

Severance, Walter E., 1901 Market St., Harrisburg, Penn.

Severance, Mrs. Madeleine Fish, 1901 Market St., Harrisburg, Penn.

Sheahan, George M. (M.D.), 12 School St., Quincy, Mass.

Sherman, Dorothy F., 1430 Belmont St., Washington, D. C. Sherman, Wilbur G., 165 Campbell St., New Bedford, Mass.

Sibley, Miss Alice M., 55 Dale St., Roxbury, Mass.

Simms, Mrs. Thomas, 63 Willowdale Ave., New Haven, Conn.

Simpson, Robert C., 161 Monument St., Groton, Conn.

Slocum, Jessica, Beacon St., New York City.

Small, Mrs. Phebe Hanaford (Coffin), Main St., Nantucket.

Smith, Alfred E., Federal St., Nantucket.

Smith, Mrs. Mertie H., Federal St., Nantucket.

Smith, Franklin E., 50 Congress St., Boston.

Smith, Mrs. Annie M. (Nye), 50 Congress St., Boston.

Smith, Miss Emma Riddell, 69 Main St., Nantucket.

Smith, H. B., Box 235, Nantucket.

Smith, Mrs. Mary Eddleston, Box 235, Nantucket.

Smith, Harry E., Centre St., Nantucket.

Smith, Mrs. Harry E., Centre St., Nantucket.

Smith, H. P., Nantucket.

Smith, H. S., Longview Road, Port Washington, N. Y. Smith, Mrs. Lucy Coleman, Nantucket.

Snedeker, Mrs. Caroline, Centre St., Nantucket.

Snelling, Rev. Samuel, Orange St., Nantucket.

Snelling, Mrs. Eugenia (Meneely), Orange St., Nantucket.

Snow, Mrs. Emma S. F., 4296 Ashland Ave., Norwood, Ohio. <46j&-

Soulier, Sophie, 3958 46th St., Long Island City, N. Y. Spaulding, Miss M., 83 Center Mill Road, Great Neck, N. Y. Spencer, Mrs. Ella (Young), Summer St., Nantucket.

Stackpole, Edouard A., Federal St., Nantucket.

Stackpole, Mrs. Alice T„ Federal St., Nantucket.

Starbuck, Mrs. Annie Whitfield, The Blackstone, Chicago, 111.

Starbuek, Miss Margaret Coffin, 51 Carver St., Boston.

Starbuck, Dr. C. Leonard, 8 Ogden Ave., White Plains, N. Y. Starbuek, Dr. Joseph Clinton, S. W. Cor. Washington and Munroe Sts., Media, Penn.

Starbuck, Miss Isabel F., 6 Bournedale Road, Jamaica Plain, Boston.

Starbuck, Miss Margaret Coffin, 51 Carver St., Boston.

Starbuck, Sidney, 29 South Portland Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Starbuck, William D. L., 1204 Sixteenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Stern, Alexander, 36 Crook Ave., Brooklyn, N, Y. Stern, Mrs. Alexander, 36 Crook Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Stevens, Miss Cora, 7 Centre St., Nantucket.

Stevens, Stanford H., 5 Mill St., Nantucket.

Stevens, Mrs. William Stanford, 8-A Darling St., Nantucket.

Stevins, Mrs. William O., 188 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y. Stevins, William O., 188 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y. Still, Mrs. Ella (Hussey), 238 Gregory Ave., Passaic, N. J. Stitt, William, 328 W. Bedford St., New Bedford, Mass.

Stratton, Mrs. Frank L., Gorhams Court, Nantucket.

Strieby, Mrs. Irene Macy, 1433 Penn Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Strong, Austin, Apt. 7-A 125 E. 63rd St., New York City.

Strong, Mrs. Mary (Wilson), Apt. 7-A, 125 E. 63rd St., New York.

Sullivan, Mrs. Cornelius J., 1801 Wolcott St., Astoria, L. I., N. Y. Sully, Miss Julia, 922 W. Franklin St., Richmond, Va. Sutton, Mrs. Florence Macy, Bedford Hills, N. Y. Sumner, John 0. Jr., 409 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.

Swain, Charles B., 10 Leslie Road, Winchester, Mass.

Swain, F. Anthony, Apt.. 44-A, 2954 Marion Ave., New York City.

Swain, Mrs. Anna K., 191 Soundview Ave., White Plains, N. Y. Swain, William T., Dukes Rd., Nantucket.

Swain, Mrs. William T., Dukes Rd., Nantucket.

Swartwort, Mrs. Mary Cooke, 45 Church St., Montclair, N. J. Swinburne, Mrs. Charlotte (Gardner), 3 Academy Hill, Nantucket.

Sylvester, Edmund Q., Hanover, Mass.

Symonds, Warren L., Isle La Motte, Vt. Taber, Mrs. G. H., 4114 Bigelow Blv'd, Pittsburgh, Penn.

Taylor, Frank C., 190 Kempton St., New Bedford, Mass.

Taylor, John Jr., 96 Mystic St., West Medford, Mass.

Taylor, Kenneth, 15 Union St., Nantucket.

Taylor, Mrs. Molly, 15 Union St., Nantucket.

Taylor, Miss Priscilla, 96 Mystic St., West Medford, Mass.

Taylor, Mrs. Wm. S., 20 Newbury St., Boston.

Taylor, Huntley, Nantucket.

Teetor, Mrs. Leora C., Lightcroft Jr., Lake Warbasse, Syracuse. Ind. Tenney, Winthrop P., 80 Maiden Lane, New York City.

•447^

Thayer, Luella M., 17 Woodside Terrace, Springfield, Mass.

Thomas, Miss Ellen W., Nantucket.

Thomas, Mrs. Florence Chase, Chester St., Nantucket.

Thompson, Miss Eliza B., 131 Dwight St., New Haven, Conn.

Thorpe, Byron, Box 102, Detroit, Mich.

Thurston, Mrs. Lillian A. (Wood), 24 Hussey St., Nantucket.

Tice, Mrs. Edward P., 65 Orange St., Nantucket.

Tice, Mrs. Edward P., 65 OrangeSt.,Nantucket.

Tilton, Mrs. Edward L., 89 Greenacres Ave., Scarsdale, N. Y. Todd, Mrs. Helen (Mitchell), 411 Forest Ave., Oak Park, 111.

Tolman, Mrs. Helen M., Canton, Mass.

Touret, Rev. Frank Hale, Tryon, N. C. Touret, Mrs. Frank Hale, Tryon, N.C. Touret, William C., Tryon, N. C. Tower, Walter T., 177 Post Road, Weston, Mass.

Tower, Mrs. Theodore A., 177 Post Road, Weston, Mass.

Tower, Miriam, Nantucket Cottage Hospital.

Townsend, George W., 6411 Pinehurst Road, Baltimore, Md. Tracy, Miss Phebe Whippey, Main St., Nantucket.

Tripp, William H., 165 Newton St., New Bedford, Mass.

Tripp, Mrs. William H., 165 Newton St., New Bedford, Mass.

Tupper, Edwin O., Southampton, N Y Turner, Gordon Baker, Chestnut St, Nantucket Turner, Mrs. Harriett Chadwick, 72 Georgia St., Roxbury 21, Mass.

Turner, Harry B., Nantucket.

Turner, Mrs. Grace F. (Gordon), Nantucket.

Turner, Miss Merle E., Nantucket.

Tuttle, Mrs. Isabelle (Hollister), 87 Ogden St., New Haven, Conn.

Twichell, Lillian A., Framingham, Mass.

Urann, Mrs. Julia Macy (Wagner), 34 Gibbs Ave., Wareham, Mass.

Valentine, C. H. Jr., 5 Liberty St., Nantucket.

Van Pelt, Miss Emma, 3 Elm St., Morristown, N. J. Van Pelt, Miss Marianna, 519 West 121st St., New York City.

Van Pelt, Miss S. Elizabeth, 3 Elm St., Morristown, N. J. Varney, Theodore, 100 Main St., Nantucket.

Varney, Mrs. Elizabeth P., 100 Main St., Nantucket.

Vaughn, Walter, 47 Chelsea St., Everett, Mass.

Veit, Mrs. Robert, Short Hills, N. J. Viola, W. N., 470 Joslyn Road, Pontiac, Mich.

Wagner, Max, 4 Liberty Square, Boston.

Wagner, Mrs. Wilhelmina Dexter, 14 Wyman St., West Medford, Mass.

Waine, William, 51 Fair St., Nantucket.

Waine, Mrs. Grace E., 51 Fair St., Nantucket.

Wait, Mrs. Annie (Spencer), Nantucket.

Walker, Miss Harriett E., 138 Hancock St., Auburndale, Mass.

Walker, Miss Mary Elizabeth, Milk St., Nantucket.

Wallace, William, Nantucket.

Wallace, Mrs. Jouette (Lee), Nantucket.

Walling, Mrs. Georgie L., Easton St., Nantucket.

Walsh, Mrs. Wm. T„ Box 197, Siasconset, Nantucket.

•«(48fc

Walton, Mrs. Charles B., 934 Heberton St., Pittsburgh, Penn.

Warner, Mrs. Arthur S., The Knoll, Florence, Mass.

Weeks, Miss Mabel F., 39 Claremont Ave., New York City.

Weitzman, Beatrice, 309 W. 109th St., New York City.

Weirich, Marjorie C., 89 Crooke Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Weiss, Rev. George Parker, Valley Stream, Long Island, N. Y. Wescott, Dr. O. D., Nantucket.

West, Mrs. Paul, 16 Quince St., Nantucket.

Whipple, Miss Nellie L., 27 East Housatonic St., Pittsfield, Mass.

Whipple, Miss Phila M., 27 East Housatonic St., Pittsfield, Mass.

Whitelaw, Ralph T., Quinby, Va. Whitney, Miss Georgianna, 7 Exeter St., Boston.

Whitney, Henry L., Brush Hill Road, Hyde Park, Mass.

Whitney, Mrs. Henry L., 7 Exeter St., Boston.

Whittemore, Mrs. Jennie R., 96 Cedar St., Fitchburg, Mass.

Wilbur, Miss Fannie B., 364 Hope St., Providence, R. I. Wilby, Eleanor, 2632 Cleansview Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Wildman, Marne, Woodbridge, Conn.

Willard, Mrs. Helen Parker, 1711 Nineteenth St., Washington, D. C. Willey, Leonard T., 6 Washington St., Fairliaven, Mass.

Williams, Arthur, York St., Nantucket.

Williams, Mrs. Barnes, 33 E. 70th St., New York City.

Williams, Mrs. Frances (Fowle), Centerville, Cape Cod, Mass.

Williams, Miss Harriet C., 70 Orange St., Nantucket.

Williams, Philip Adams Jr., Williams Motor Sales Co., Springfield, Mass.

Williams, Mrs. Whiting, 20 Newbury St., Boston.

Williams, Wm. Lloyd, Kent, Conn.

Wilson, Frederic W., 256 Spring St., Ossining, N. Y. Winship, Dr. Albert E., 6 Beacon St., Boston.

Winslow, Mrs. Bessie (Chadwick), Nantucket.

Winsor, Miss Ellen, Haverford, Penn.

Wood, Arnold, 1 East 51st St., New York City.

Wood, Mrs. Etta C., 11 Gardner St., Nantucket.

Wood, Dr. George C., Hanover, N. H. Wood, James H., Nantucket.

Woodbridge, Mrs. J. Lester, 524 Arbutus St., Mt. Airy, Phila., Penn.

Woods, Dr. Frank A., Nantucket.

Woods, Mrs. Frank A., Nantucket.

Worcester, Mrs. W. W., St. Timothy's Lane, Catonsville, Md. Worth, Mrs. Annie M. (Driscoll), 7 Fair St., Nantucket.

Worth, Mrs. Emma C., 15 Washington St., New Bedford, Mass.

Wright, Hal, Bronxville, N. Y. Wrong, Louisa, 400 W. 118th St., New York City.

Wyatt, Grace, Easley, So. Carolina.

Wyer, Arthur C., Delhi, N. Y. Yaeger, Clem L., P. O. Box 277, New Bedford, Mass.

Zabriskie, F. C., 344 Prospect Ave., Hackensack, N. J. Zebly, Helen M., 212 W. Highland Ave., Chestnut Hill, Phila., Penn.

49}S«-