Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Wei HE
(952295) Siavash Malek + Studio11
Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age
Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)
Kolwrevic described three techniques for three-dimensional fabrication: subtractive, additive and formative. Subtractive technique is the removal of materials, additive technique is adding materials layer by layer, and formative technique is to reshape materials. Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication (CNC) can provide high degree of precision in fabrication and assembly, it also provides the accuracy of the measurements and forms which are importance for designs and constructions with parametric modelling.
2
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
For the surface generation, first used deconstruct brep to select points in a 150x150x150 box, then used line to generate lines, surface can be created by using the command ‘loft’ or ‘ruled surface’. ‘Panelling tools’ and ‘lunchbox’ have been used to generate two panels. List item was used to select each strip and customed pattern design was achieved by using Morph3D. For the waffle structure, contour was used to generate lines on the surfaces, then used offset > loft to generate the waffles, in order to insert the waffles into eachother, rectangle was used to create brep to trim off the intersections. Fianlly, rectangular and orient were used to layout the waffles for lasercut.
3
Grid manipulation
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.3
{Attractor Curves {Attractor Location} Curves Location} {Attractor Curves Location}
{Attractor Curve {Attractor Location} Curves Location} {Attractor Curves Location}
Paneling
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
Internal circulatio
ocation} tor Curve Location} {Attractor Curve Location}
2.3
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.3
4
2.2
2.3
2.4
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
{Attractor Curves Location}
{Attractor Curves Location}
3.2
3.3
After studying Konishi Gaffney´s Edinrurgh pavilion, I wanted to bring some of the elements into my own design, for example, having openings at different angles to allow natural ventilation, communicate with the surroundings, framing vies and even create spaces for people to occupy.
{Attractor Curve Lo
3.4
After experimenting with panelling tool and lunchbox in grasshopper, I realized that panelling tool is good at using numbers of different geometries, but lunchbox is good with taking overall control of the geometries, providing more gradual change.
4.2
4.3
5
4.4
Isometric View Panel 2 - Lunchbox Lunchbox is good at taking overall control and change of the panels. I divided each panel to two triangles. The top left are pyramids that followed an curve attractor.
The bottom right are 2D and 3D openings, the size of the openings varies. The middle part has the smallest openings in order to create a sense of privacy. The bottom row has 3D openings at human scale to point at different angles and framing different views, some openings even provide sittings for the viewer.
Panel 1- Panelling tool Panelling tool allows grid manipulation and creating different patterns . Panel 1 has 2D opening at the top to allow ample sunlight, the middle part is closed for privacy, and the bottom part has 3D opening .
Isometric 1:2 20 0
Waffle structure The waffle structure creates only one opening, this
The sitting area is hidden behind
entry/exit could control the circulation within this
the pyramid shape pattern,
space.
creating a private area.
60mm
Surfaces
Waffle structure
The two surfaces all have 2D openings at the top part to allow ample sunligt, the middle parts are either closed or have very small openings to create a sense of privacy, then the bottom parts have 3D openings, acting like windows to framing views, allow natural vantilation and even provide sitting areas for visitors.
The waffle creates an interesting interior structure, the structure creats a bigger base and a smaller top, it is open on one side to take control of the circulation of the space
6
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting
First I used solid etching for the fold areas, after testing with my trial, I realized that the etching could only make the material to fold in one way, hence I used dash pattern in grasshopper to create dashed cut lines to make the material be able to fold in both ways. I used dashed cut lines for the waffle as well, to make the material stick onto the board without taping, but the result was a bit messy ( test waffle on page 9). In order to make the panels stay on the ivory card, I deleted some edges of the tabs, this will also make sure that any imperfection cause by manually cutting could be hided behind the tabs. After several test prints, I found out a best tab size, and also realized that I should create a clean cut on all the edges of the panels.
7
Surfaces & Spaces
1.1
1.2
{120,150,150}
{120,150,150}
1.3
{150,90,150}
1.4
{150,120,150}
{120,150,150}
{45,150,150} {0,150,150}
{90,150,0}
{150,0,150}
{150,150,60}
{0,0,150}
{150,90,150} {105,150,150}
{30,0,150}
{30,0,150} 105,150,0}
{150,75,0}
{0,0,150} {105,0,150}
{0,150,0}
{0,150,0}
{135,0,0} {0,150,0}
{90,0,0} {0,0,0}
{0,0,0}
{135,0,0}
{0,0,0} {0,0,0}
2.2
2.3
2.4
{Attractor Curve Location}
{Attractor Curves Location}
{Attractor Curves Location}
{Attractor Curve Location}
Paneling
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Internal circulation
Grid manipulation
2.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
8
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities
Task A matrix The variable parameters for the four iterations are ground interior space created by surfaces, curve attractor and grid manipulation, a combination of 2D and 3D patterns creating different thresholds, and different circulation directed by waffle structure.
Test Model The test model on the right shows the waffle structure and panel 2. The panel could not be fixed onto the waffle structure because I did not realize the panels were on their backside before I unroll them. Changes were made after this test model, first of all, I opened up one side of the waffle panel to direct the circulation, secondly, I deleted all the tabs on the edges to make four clean edges of the panel, most importantly, I made sure the panels were all one the correct side before I unroll them and made sure to flip the laser cut lines so all the burn marks would only appear on the backside.
Test model
9
Other possibility
10
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model
In Konish Gaffney’s Edinburgh pavilion, the only entrance direct the circulation in the space, and there were two windows, one at human scale that allow communication between inside and outside, the other window overlook and frame the city skyline. In my own design, I wanted to bring the idea of one entrance as well as view framing, the windows at human scale all facing different angle and framing different views. I also proposed other possibility where the design is at a smaller scale, with only one entrance, the other opening became a window to frame views, the surface panels can also provide a private space underneath.
11
Visual Scripting of Parametric Model
First used deconstruct brep and surface domain number to generate grids, then manipulated the grids by using point or curve attractors, volumes were then generated within the grids by using the command cellulate 3D. In order to create different geometries, weaverbird, watermain and lunchbox were experimented. Attractor points and curves were used again to adjust the geometries.
12
SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation
I experimented with lunchbox, waterman and weaverbird in grasshopper in order to create geometries to cut out a 150x150x150 box and create different voids. I used curve and point attractors to manipulate the size and orientation of the geometries, to make them intersect with each other and also the box, hence creating different spaces for visitors to occupy. For task B, I also want to create openings at different levels to frame unique views for visitors to experience. Same as task one, most 50x50x50 pavilions have only one entrance.
13
Two geometries were used to create different voids, with more dynamic cuts on one side and smooth cuts on the other side.
Different shapes of openings facing at different angles and framing different views for visitors to experience.
Exterior boolean creates outdoor areas for visitors to occupy, providing seating.
The only entrance could restrict the flow of movement and suggest possible circulations.
Isometric 1:2 20 0
60mm
14
SOLID AND VOID Isometric view
I started with creating sphere voids in the 150x150x150 volume, I made the spheres intersect with each other and also with the box to create openings. I also experimented with crystal shape and I followed the same rules. In the end, I chose this iteration as the void is a mix of the crystal shape and spheres, in this way, the space will have both curves and dynamic straight lines. Same as task A, this iteration developed the view framing idea by having different shape of openings pointing at different angles.
Isometric 1:2 20 0
60mm
15
Grid Manipulation
1.1
1.2
1.3
{210,120,130}
1.4
{210,120,130}
1.5 {330,360,-45}
{210,120,130}
{95,110,60}
{60-35,70}
{-60,40,0}
Solid Space
{Attractor points}
{Attractor points}
2.1
2.2
{-60,40,0}
{Attractor points}
{-60,40,0}
2.3
{Attractor points}
{Attractor points}
2.4
2.5
{120,80,120}
{45,30,880}
{-60,40,0} {Attractor Point}
{Attractor Curve}
{Attractor Curve & Top point}
Void Space
3.1
3.2
Pavilion Study
4.1
4.2
{0,0,20}
{Top point}
{Attractor Curve & Top Point}
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.3
4.4
4.5
16
SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities
Task B Matrix Task B matrix The variable parameters for the five iterations are grid manipulation,different geometries, and different voids created by the boolean geometries. I experimented with sphere and crystal geometries, I decided to use a mixture of both since it creates both dynamic cut edges and smooth cut edges
Test Model The pictures on the right shows two elevation views of the test model, I was experimenting with the idea of view framing and also create different communial spaces for the visitors to occupy.
17
18
SOLID AND VOID
Photography of Model
All three 50x50x50 mm 3D printed parts have similar qualities. They all have both straight cut voids and smooth cut voids. The all have one single entrance for visitors to enter, Inside the printed parts, there are different shapes of openings framing views from different angles, some are at human level, but some are above and overlooking the sky. Outside spaces also suggest different occupancy for visitors, some create a private space, some penetrate outside threshold into inside.
19
Appendix Process
Used rectangle and extrude to create a 150x150x150 box in grasshopper.
Surfaces were generated by selecting points in the box, line the points and loft the lines.
Panelling tool was used here, offset grids to adjust the size of the patterns. Morph 3D was used to create patterns.
Lunchbox was used here to divide the surface into small triangles.
Extrude point was used to create the pyramids, the pyramids varies depending on a curve attractor.
The distances between the surface and the curve determine the sizes of the openings.
20
Appendix
Process
Ruled surface were used to create surfaces between two curves.
Contour tool was used to find the contour lines on the surfaces, then create the waffles by using the loft tool.
Intersections between the waffles were found.
Grids were created by using deconstruct brep and surface domain number.
The grids were manipulated by using different point attractors, volumes were generated by using cellulate 3D.
Different geometries were created by using Lunchbox, waterman and weaverbird.
21
Appendix Process
3D printing through makerbot, tried to put the models close together and arrange the orientation to save printing time. The estimated printing time was 8h17min. (Digital design printing setting was used)
22
Appendix
Process
Use pttabs to create tabs, create dashed pattern for the fold lines
Rhino - join three to four panels together to ptunrollfaces
Test panel was assembled by using PVA. The edges still had tabs, for improvement, in laser cut file, I deleted the tabs to achieve a clean edge.
The first test laser cut, the tabs were too small, the folded lines were in etch layer and could not fold in both directions. The panels were not joined.
Compare the first test laser cut with the second one, the second one was more neat since it could fold in both ways.
What I learnt from the test waffle structure was not to use dashed lines for the waffles.
23
Appendix Process
Waffle structure laser cut on 1mm mount board. Slowly removed the tape to prevent any stain on the waffle structure.
The waffle structure be taken out and used pencil to lightly mark the numbers onto the waffle according to the numbers that have been etch on the mount board.
The unrolled panels laser cut on ivory card, some tab edges were not cut, so the patterns would stick onto the ivory card without the use of masking tape. If any mistake would be make by cutting manually, it would be hidden under the tabs.
The panels be taken out and used pencil to lightly mark the numbers behind the panels, the marks would be erased after assembly.
The dashed cut line allowed the panels to fold in both directions, PVA was used to glue the tabs and assemble the panels.
PVA was used to glue the panels together, clips were used to hold the panels together until they dry.