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InTASC Standards Addressed in This Chapter 2 Learning Differences
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Historical and Philosophical Foundations
The World Origins of American Education LEARNING OBJECTIVES 3-1 Discuss how preliterate societies used an oral tradition to enculture children and why it is still used in contemporary education. 3-2 Explain how Chinese educators, especially Confucius, developed an ethical system and its significance in Asian countries. 3-3 Examine how hieroglyphics led to the development of scribal schools in Ancient Egypt and why primary schools throughout the world continue to emphasize reading and writing. 3-4 Describe the concept of monotheism and how reading and studying sacred scriptures shaped Western education. 3-5 Determine how the ancient Greek ideal of the liberal arts and science shaped the course of Western higher education. 3-6 Analyze how Rome’s political and economic transition from a republic to an imperial empire changed its education content and values. 3-7 Analyze the method that scholastic educators in the Middle Ages used to reconcile Christian doctrines and scriptures with the classical learning inherited from Greece and Rome. 3-8 Describe the Islamic contribution to medicine and mathematics. 3-9 Assess the Renaissance educators’ ideal of the teacher as an expert and a critic of culture, literature, and art. 3-10 Discuss the Reformation’s impact on the growth of schools, the increase in school attendance, and the supervision of teachers. 3-11 Analyze how the Enlightenment’s emphasis on nature and science inaugurated change in educational theory and practices. Her o I m ages/ Getty Im
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This chapter was revised by Gerald L. Gutek.
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