THE MEADOW RESEARCH PROJECT STUDIO IV summer 2018
Natalia Almonacid
uncertainty
dynamic
unpredictability
on going process
intentionality
seeded in situ uncontrolled
adaptability
forbs + grasses
change
spontaneity
[gradual]
resilience
DEFINING MEADOWS
expectancy
patience sustainable
high ecological value
early succession
minimal initial impact
time
“...herbaceous plantings in which the constituent plants mingle in a complex, random fashion” “community of forbs and grasses that do not grow beneath trees and shrubs” James Hitchmough
MEADOWS IN THE WORLD
Olympic Park, London, United Kingdom / 2012 / LDA design + Hargreaves Associates, Landscape Architects; James Hitchmough + Nigel Dunnet, Meadow horticulture; Sarah Price, garden plant design
DESIGNED MEADOWS IN URBAN LANDSCAPES
Olympic Park, London, United Kingdom / 2012 / LDA design + Hargreaves Associates, Landscape Architects; James Hitchmough + Nigel Dunnet, Meadow horticulture; Sarah Price, garden plant design
MEADOWS IN THE WORLD
Olympic Park, London, United Kingdom / 2012 / LDA design + Hargreaves Associates, Landscape Architects; James Hitchmough + Nigel Dunnet, Meadow horticulture; Sarah Price, garden plant design
E c o l o g i c a l b e n e fi t
installation
C u l t u r a l b e n e fi t
sowing in situ inexpensive | low cost of implementation
low maintanance
beauty
change in perception about dynamic, wild landscapes
atractiveness to pollinators
color | movement | sound | texture
biodiversity
Habitat formation
-provides shelter and food for invertebrates -opportunity to increase native habitat plantings in urban landscapes
soil restoration can be used on hostile soils that are difficult to plant
Inclusive landscapes that represent different types of people
management
Large scale actions [mowing, burning, selective addition and removal/chemical spreading]
community engagement Training for new job alternatives
atractiveness to people
lower susceptibility to vandalism and plant theft
dynamic landscapes
Succession
early successional landscape that emerged in Loblolly pine fields historically burned by native americans for hunting
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEADOWS
C o s t - b e n e fi t
-no irrigation required -non regular mowing required [once late winter]
Acknowledgement of other type of landscape: -resilient -engage change and time -long term sustainability
phenology process of seeding, germination, growth, management, disturbance
low ecological value
high maintanance
irrigation
mulch
mowed lawn summer:once a week spring and fall: every 2 weeks winter: once a month
controlled
pruned shrubs
All Campus landscape planting bed areas have mulch covering. [pest control, moisture retention, erosion and sediment control, weed control and soil nutrient retention].
static
Doesn’t engage time and change
ornamental
commertial species [Crape Myrtle]
animals
turfgrass
low diversity
people
The Auburn Campus utilizes vast expanses of turfgrass for open space, recreational opportunity and gathering areas.
AUBURN UNIVERSITY’S CAMPUS LANDSCAPE
plants
vision:
“...to provide a structure that will shape a beautiful, memorable and enduring pedestrian-oriented campus while reintegrating cultural and natural systems through constructed urban ecologies and restored and revitalized ecosystems”.
1. IDENTIFYING FIELD LABS
1. h.
f.
i.
g.
8. j.
a.
6.
4.
1.1
10.
9.
5.
7.
12.
11.
2. b.
13.
14.
Identifying field labs
c. 15.
k.
e. 11. Construc�on field lab
20.
17.
18.
19.
16.
d.
n.
22. l.
21. 24.
30.
23.
10. Bee and Aviary research center
25. 26.
m. 27.
28.
3. Paterson Greenhouse complex
29. 12. College of Veterinary
2. Duncan Drive Forestry
1. Teaching and demonstra�on plots/ Arboretum expansion
5. Beef technical center 5. Beef technical center
5. Beef technical center
3.
13. Cullars Rota�on
6. Wood field Drive FL 4. Campus forest
9. Horse center
7. Swine Research and educa�on
LEGEND
Existent Field Labs Potential existent field labs Parking lots Potential field labs
8. Turf Grass research
0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 Miles
POTENTIAL SITES FOR MEADOW RESEARCH IN CAMPUS
1 23
Identifying field labs
1.2 SITE
1
SIZE
s
2
s
3
s
VEHICLE TOPOGRAPHY ACCESSIBILITY interior street
≤ 1 acre
≤ 1 acre
≤ 1 acre
2%
7’
238’
interior street
2%
2%
5’
5%
m 1≥3 acres
5
road
[unexistent]
m 1≥3 acres
road
m 1≥3 acres
6
Within campus
-Circulation
Within campus
-Circulation
13’
Within campus
-Circulation -Permanence
3’
Within campus -Circulation -Permanence
9’
[central]
9’
[edge]
8
m 1≥3 acres
9
m 1≥3 acres
L
10
1%
interior restricted street
140’
4%
road
≤ 1 acre
17’
Within campus -Circulation -Permanence
13’
South campus
Contemplation
South campus
Agriculture field
384’
4%
road
s
[edge]
297’
3≥5 acres
2%
630’
[edge]
14’
[edge]
4
EXISTENT CANOPY COVER
6
7 8
-Permanence
-Circulation
599’
7
Within campus
[central]
317’
2%
-Circulation -Permanence
Within campus
3’
160’
2%
Within campus
[central]
149’
4
USE
[central]
223’
interior street
LOCATION
5
9
10
road
SITE CLASSIFICATION 0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 Miles
Identifying field labs
1.3 SITE
SIZE
VEHICLE TOPOGRAPHY ACCESSIBILITY interior street
1
s
≤ 1 acre
2
s
≤ 1 acre
3
s
≤ 1 acre
2%
LOCATION
USE
Within campus
-Circulation -Permanence
Within campus
-Permanence
Within campus
-Circulation
Within campus
-Circulation
Within campus
-Circulation
13’
Within campus
-Circulation -Permanence
3’
Within campus -Circulation -Permanence
7’
238’
interior street
2%
[central]
5’
223’
interior street
2%
[central]
3’
[central]
149’
4
5%
m 1≥3 acres
5
road
[unexistent]
m 1≥3 acres
road
m 1≥3 acres
6
9’
[central]
160’
2%
9’
[edge]
317’
2%
599’
8
m 1≥3 acres
9
m 1≥3 acres
L
10
1%
interior restricted street
140’
4%
road
≤ 1 acre
17’
Within campus -Circulation -Permanence
13’
South campus
Contemplation
South campus
Agriculture field
384’
4%
road
s
7
[edge]
297’
3≥5 acres
2%
630’
[edge]
14’
[edge]
EXISTENT CANOPY COVER
SITE A
SITE B
SITE C
road
SELECTED SITES 0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 Miles
Identifying field labs
1.4
L egend
S
S
L egend
M
S
L
L egend
SITE A Area=2.67 acre Medium canopy cover 2% slope [average] located within campus vehicle accessibility Circulation|permanence| tailgating|contemplation
SITE B Area=1.61 acre Low canopy cover 5% slope located within campus Non-vehicle accessibility
SITE C Area=4.53 acre Inexistent canopy cover 2% slope located south campus [suburban condition] vehicle accessibility vacant
SELECTED SITES
2. DEVELOPING RESEARCH TYPOLOGIES
Installation methods -Hydroseeding -Hydromulching -Seed drilling -Broadcasting
Management regimes -Burning -Cutting -Selective addition -Selective removal -Chemicals spreading [herbicides]
Scale -Large -Medium -Small -Micro
Site conditions -sun -shade -soil moisture -climate -latitude + altitude + -continentality
Aesthetics
vegetation types
-Attractiveness -bloom [color, duration] -structure -movement -seasonality
-according to location [world wide] -grasslands -prairies -steppe -meadows
Plant community patterns Monoculture Seed mix
TYPES AND ELEMENTS FOR MEADOW RESEARCH
combinations [%] species selection
Succession
Plant communities
Ephemerality
canopy layering
ground layer middle canopy layer upper emergent layer
spatial organization
single-layer communities two-layer communties three-layer communities
Soils + soil types
species -native -non-native -hybrid vegetation [compatible non-native sp] -germination rates -growth rate -growth form and method of spread -robustness -emergence -winter-cold tolerance -years to flowering -flowering duration and presence -palatability -capacity to support native biodiversity -sowing timing
-herbivores -people [culinary]
17.9’
2.1
12.5’
14.8’
9.3’
4.3’
12.5’
9’
3’
9’
developing research typologies
5’
6’
7.64’
Hydroseeding
Hydromulching
7’
Broadcasting
Seed Drilling
Drone-Broadcasting
20’ x’
7’
x’
8’ 8’
73%
8’ 8’
INSTALLATION METHODS
Common name
developing research typologies
2.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
Big bluestem Bottle brush grass Broomsedge Creeping red fescue Deer tongue grass Eastern gamma grass Fall panicum Fowl manna grass Goat's rue Indian grass Little bluestem Lopsided indian grass Muhly grass Niblewill Pineywoods dropseed Purple top Red top panicum River bank wild rye Side oats Slender indian grass Splitbeard bluestem Switchgrass Tall Dropseed Upland bentgrass Virginia wild rye Wiregrass Wool grass Butterfly milkweed Bear's foot Bergamot Blackeyed susan Blue vervain Browneyed susan Common milkweed Cup plant False sunflower Greyheaded coneflower Indian blanket Iron weed Lance leaved coreopsis Lance-leaved goldenrod Lemon mint Maximilian Sunflower Monkey flower Narrow-leaved sunflower Ohio spiderwort Plains coreopsis Purple coneflower Rigid Goldenrod Seed box Showy tickseed Smooth aster Smooth beardtongue Sneezeweed Spiked blazing star Swamp milkweed White wingstem Yarrow Yellow wingstem Blue false indigo Illinois bundleflower Patridge pea Purple prairie clover Showy Tick Trefoil White prairie clover Wild Senna Fox sedge Hop sedge Shallow sedge Columbine Cutleaf coneflower Deer tongue plant Early gondenrod Florida paintbrush Florida tick trefoil Gray goldenrod Hairy mountain mint Joe-pye weed Large coreopsis Narrowleaf silkgrass New England Aster Nodding sedge Path rush Rattlesnake master River oats Sensitive briar Short leaf blazing star Slender blazing star Slender mountain mint Spotted beebalm Spurred butterfly pea Starry silphium Virginia mountain mint White snakeroot Wild quinine Wood oats Yellow wild indigo
Botanical name Andropogon gerardii Elymus hystrix andropogon virginicus Festuca rubra Panicum clandestinum Tripsacum dactyloides Panicum anceps glyceria striata Tephrosia virginiana Sorghastrum nutans Schizachyrium scopatium sorghastrum secundum Muhlembergia capillaris Muhlenbergia schreberii sporolobus junceus Tridens flavus Panicum rigidulum Elymus riparius Bouteloua curtipendula Sorghastrum ellioti Andropogon ternarius Panicum virgatum Sporobolus compositus Agrostis perennans Elymus virginicus Aristida stricta Scirpus cyperinus Asclepias tuberosa Smallanthus uvedalius Monarda fistulosa Rudbeckia hirta Verbena hastata rudbeckia triloba Asclepias syriaca Silphium perfoliatum Heliopsis helianthoides Ratibida pinnata Gaillardia pulchella Vernonia altissima Coreopsis lanceloata euthamia graminifolia Monarda citriodora Helianthus maximiliani Mimulus ringens helianthus angustifolia Tradescantia ohiensis coreopsis tinctoria Echinacea pirpurea Solidago rigida Ludwigia alternifolia Bidens aristosa Aster leavis Penstemon digitalis Helenium autumnale Liatris spicata Asclepias incarnata verbesina virginica Achillea millefolium Verbesina alternifolia Baptisia australis Desmanthus illinoensis Cassia fasciculata Dalea purpurea Desmodium canadense Dalea candida Cassia marilandica Carex vulpinoidea Carex lupulina Carex lurida Aquilegia canadiensis rudbeckia laciniata carphephorus odoratissimus solidago juncea Carphephorus corymbosis desmodium floridanum Solidago nemoralis pycnanthemum pilosum Euptorium fistulosum coreopsis major Pityopsis graminifolia Aster novaeangliae Carex crinita Juncus tenius Eryngium yuccifolium uniola latifolia Mimosa quadrivalvis liatris tenuifolia liatris gracilis pycnanthemum tenuifolium Monarda punctata centrosema virginianum silphium asteriscus Pycnanthemum virginianum Eupatorium rugosum Perthenium integrifolium chasmanthium sessiliflorum baptisia tinctoria
109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 129 181 182 % 36% 5% 27% 9% 9% 45% 45% 18% 9% 32% 41% 23% 27% 9% 23% 36% 5% 9% 9% 18% 14% 86% 18% 14% 45% 18% 5% 36% 5% 73% 86% 18% 18% 9% 23% 86% 45% 14% 41% 55% 5% 5% 45% 5% 23% 82% 18% 82% 36% 14% 27% 18% 59% 32% 73% 27% 9% 5% 14% 5% 9% 45% 18% 9% 5% 23% 5% 5% 9% 9% 9% 9% 14% 5% 23% 14% 5% 27% 23% 9% 36% 5% 5% 36% 9% 5% 18% 18% 5% 5% 18% 9% 5% 9% 27% 5% 5%
86%
Switchgrass (cave-in -rock)
73%
Bergamot
86%
Blackeyed susan
86%
False sunflower
82%
82%
Purple coneflower
Ohio Spiderwort
73%
73%
Spiked blazing star
SEED MIX
developing research typologies
2.2
Roundstone native seeds [Kentuchy]
#
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
T
Specie Common name Big bluestem Bottle brush grass Broomsedge Creeping red fescue Deer tongue grass Eastern gamma grass Fall panicum Fowl manna grass Goat's rue Indian grass Little bluestem Lopsided indian grass Muhly grass Niblewill Pineywoods dropseed Purple top Red top panicum River bank wild rye Side oats Slender indian grass Splitbeard bluestem Switchgrass Tall Dropseed Upland bentgrass Virginia wild rye Wiregrass Wool grass Bear's foot Bergamot Blackeyed susan Blue vervain Browneyed susan Butterfly milkweed Common milkweed Cup plant False sunflower Greyheaded coneflower Indian blanket Iron weed Lance leaved coreopsis Lance-leaved goldenrod Lemon mint Maximilian Sunflower Monkey flower Narrow-leaved sunflower Ohio spiderwort Plains coreopsis Purple coneflower Rigid Goldenrod Seed box Showy tickseed Smooth aster Smooth beardtongue Sneezeweed Spiked blazing star Swamp milkweed White wingstem Yarrow Yellow wingstem
Botanical name Andropogon gerardii Elymus hystrix andropogon virginicus Festuca rubra Panicum clandestinum Tripsacum dactyloides Panicum anceps glyceria striata Tephrosia virginiana Sorghastrum nutans Schizachyrium scopatium sorghastrum secundum Muhlembergia capillaris Muhlenbergia schreberii sporolobus junceus Tridens flavus Panicum rigidulum Elymus riparius Bouteloua curtipendula Sorghastrum ellioti Andropogon ternarius Panicum virgatum Sporobolus compositus Agrostis perennans Elymus virginicus Aristida stricta Scirpus cyperinus Smallanthus uvedalius Monarda fistulosa Rudbeckia hirta Verbena hastata rudbeckia triloba Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias syriaca Silphium perfoliatum Heliopsis helianthoides Ratibida pinnata Gaillardia pulchella Vernonia altissima Coreopsis lanceloata euthamia graminifolia Monarda citriodora Helianthus maximiliani Mimulus ringens helianthus angustifolia Tradescantia ohiensis coreopsis tinctoria Echinacea purpurea Solidago rigida Ludwigia alternifolia Bidens aristosa Aster leavis Penstemon digitalis Helenium autumnale Liatris spicata Asclepias incarnata verbesina virginica Achillea millefolium Verbesina alternifolia
SEED MIX ANALYSIS
Southern tall grass meadow
s/lbs $/lbs 144,000 $ 12.95 800,000 450,000 350,000 7,200
109 lbs/acre
s/acre
0
$ 137.50 $ 3.93 $ 27.00 $ 35.00
0 0 0 0
2,000,000 $ 250.00
0 0 481,250 300,000 0 0 0 0 871,875 0 0 0 0 0 679,875 1,125,000 0 0 0 0 0 91,250 756,800 0 0 0 13,872 0 78,645 92,700 0 44,480 1,827,200 0 0 35,070 0 0 42,195 0 95,910 82,500 0 0 0 185,400 0 49,780 0 0 0 0 6,967,901
175,000 $ 240,000 $
11.00 16.00
750,000 $
56.38
465,000 795,000 125,000 160,000
$ 21.00 $ 100.00 $ 16.25 $ 16.25
216,000 $ 100.00 259,000 $ 14.00 750,000 $ 44.00 100,000 $ 9,000,000 23,000 1,250,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 500,000 56,000 48,000 20,000 105,000 450,000 238,000 320,000 3,200,000 250,000 800,000 210,000 4,500,000 504,000 145,000 3,200,000 115,000 750,000 4,500,000 130,000 750,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 190,000 70,000 260,000 2,000,000 145,000
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
2.75 1.25
1.88
2.63 1.50
15.00 170.00 250.00 312.50 25.00 130.00 160.00 300.00 275.00 212.50 62.50 125.00 45.00 225.00 21.25 300.00 162.50 62.50 250.00 60.00 575.00 22.50 45.00 300.00 175.00 18.00 587.50 400.00 285.00 128.75 495.00 175.00 80.00 150.00
0.07 0.47
0.29 0.75 0.21 0.14 0.57
0.17
0.29 0.83 0.11
0.10 0.26
16.00
grasses others
Southern tall grass meadow
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 10 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 26 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 100 50 50
110 lbs/acre 4.00
s/acre
%
1.00 0.63
0 0 0
0 1.88 0 2.50
0.08 0.40
0.10 0.52 0.77
647,500 0
96,250 646,400
0 80,535 0 0 0
0.45
94,710
0.22
31,175
0.85
97,750 0
0.11 0.10 0.35
Southern short grass meadow
189,000 66,310
0.43 16.00 1,949,630
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 33 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 0 10 0 3 0 0 0 0 100 33 67
111 lbs/acre
4
1
1
2.5 1.5
0.068 0.392
0.794 0.197 0.33 0.404
0.178
0.119
0.467
16.00
s/acre
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 960000 0 0 0 0 465000 0 0 160000 0 0 647500 1125000 0 0 0 0 0 85000 627200 0 0 0 0 0 83370 88650 78540 0 1292800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 133500 0 0 89250 0 0 88730 0 0 0 0 6190492
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 6.25 0 0 6.25 0 0 15.6 9.37 0 0 0 0 0 0.42 2.45 0 0 0 0 0 4.96 1.23 2.06 0 2.52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.11 0 0 0.74 0 0 2.92 0 0 0 0 100 62.5 37.5
Southern short grass meadow
112 lbs/acre 0.75
2.25 0.50
2.00
4.50
0.09 0.35 0.13 0.21 0.17 0.85
0.24 0.85
0.69 0.12 0.11 0.55 0.23
16.00
s/acre
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 518,000 0 0 450,000 0 0 0 116,250 555,200 209,600 0 11,536 0 3,380 89,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,655 0 97,750 0 0 89,050 0 208,800 210,000 104,880 15,750 0 0 0 3,873,443
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.4 0 0 11.6 0 0 0 3 14.3 5.41 0 0.3 0 0.09 2.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.89 0 2.52 0 0 2.3 0 5.39 5.42 2.71 0.41 0 0 0 100 50.8 49.2
Southern mixed grass meadow
113 lbs/acre
2.188 2.813
0.938
2.188
0.938 0.938
0.062 0.386
0.77 0.191 0.236 0.269 0.39
0.409
0.097
0.095 0.452
16.01
s/acre
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 382900 675120 0 0 0 0 436170 0 0 350080 0 0 242942 703500 0 0 0 0 0 77500 617600 0 0 0 0 0 80850 85950 56168 86080 1248000 0 0 85890 0 0 0 0 0 72750 0 0 0 171000 0 85880 0 0 0 0 5651290
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.78 11.9 0 0 0 0 7.72 0 0 6.19 0 0 4.3 12.4 0 0 0 0 0 1.37 10.9 0 0 0 0 0 1.43 1.52 0.99 1.52 22.1 0 0 1.52 0 0 0 0 0 1.29 0 0 0 3.03 0 1.52 0 0 0 0 100 49.4 50.6
Southern mixed grass meadow
114
lbs/acre 2.5
1.563 0.313
2.5
1.875
2.813
0.095 0.349 0.212 0.21
0.86
0.506
0.242 0.102 0.86
0.693 0.118 0.56 0.227
18.50
s/acre 360,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 626,000 0 0 600,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 485,625 0 0 281,300 0 0 0 118,750 558,400 0 106,000 11,760 0 0 90,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 106,260 0 0 35,090 326,400 98,900 0 0 90,090 0 212,400 0 106,400 15,890 0 0 0 4,335,965
Coastal tall grass meadow
% 117 lbs/acre 14 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 4.25 14 0 1.31 0 0 0 0 1.87 0 0 0 0 0 10 2.5 0 0 15 0 0.063 0 0 1 0.13 2 0.38 0 1 1 0 0 5 0.82 0 0.18 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 3 0.39 0 0 1 0.33 1 5 0.76 0 0 4 0 1 0.09 0 3 1 0 0 0 100 15.923 63 37
s/acre
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 743,750 0 0 0 0 0 869,550 0 0 0 0 0 647,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 162,500 608,000 0 0 0 0 0 86,100 81,000 0 80,000 0 0 0 81,900 0 0 47,850 0 87,400 0 0 0 0 162,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,733,300
Coastal short grass meadow
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.4 16 0 0 0 0 0 2.3 2.2 0 2.1 0 0 0 2.2 0 0 1.3 0 2.3 0 0 0 0 4.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 61 39
119 lbs/acre
4.37 0.31 0.62 3.12
1.56
0.07 0.4
0.17
0.28
0.5
0.21 0.92 0.18
0.12
s/acre
% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,048,800 17.94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,450,800 24.81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 336,960 5.762 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,500 1.496 640,000 10.94 0 0 0 0 9,520 0.163 0 0 0 0 0 0 126,000 2.155 0 0 0 0 1,600,000 27.36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,450 0.521 0 0 105,800 1.809 135,000 2.309 0 0 0 0 90,000 1.539 0 0 0 0 93,100 1.592 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,847,680 100
73% 0.49
15.91
48.51 51.49
2.2 Roundstone native seeds Southern short grass meadow [#111]
Tall Dropseed | Sporobolus compositus
Little Bluestem | Schizachyrium scopatium
Side Oats | Bouteloua curtipendula
Smooth Aster | Aster leavis
Indian blanket | Gaillardia pulchella
Lance leaved goldenrod | Euthamia graminifolia Black eyed susan | Rudbeckia hirta
False sunflower | Heliopsis helianthoides
Bergamot | Monarda fistulosa
Greyheaded coneflower | Ratibbida pinnata
Spiked Blazig Star | Liatris spicata
Rigid Goldenrod | Solidago rigida
Blue false indigo | Baptisia australis
Patridge Pea | Cassia fasciculata
White prairie clover | Dalea candida
Rattlesnake Master | Eryngium yuccifolium
Gray Goldenrod | Solidango nemoralis
Wild Quinine | Parthenium integrifolium
Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum
Purple Top | Tridens flavus
Purple prairie clover | Dalea purpurea
SEED MIX SPECIES
2.1 Roundstone native seeds Southern short grass meadow [#111]
Tall Dropseed | Sporobolus compositus
Little Bluestem | Schizachyrium scoparium
Side Oats | Bouteloua curtipendula
Smooth Aster | Aster leavis
Indian blanket | Gaillardia pulchella
Lance leaved goldenrod | Euthamia graminifolia Black eyed susan | Rudbeckia hirta
False sunflower | Heliopsis helianthoides
Bergamot | Monarda fistulosa
Greyheaded coneflower | Ratibbida pinnata
Spiked Blazig Star | Liatris spicata
Rigid Goldenrod | Solidago rigida
Blue false indigo | Baptisia australis
Patridge Pea | Cassia fasciculata
White prairie clover | Dalea candida
Gray Goldenrod | Solidango nemoralis
Wild Quinine | Parthenium integrifolium
Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum
SEED MIX
Purple Top | Tridens flavus
Purple prairie clover | Dalea purpurea
Rattlesnake Master | Eryngium yuccifolium
This work was done with Hillworks Design as part of the GRA research in wildflower meadows. Pictures, information and access to sites, planting beds, and plants were provided. Source of images: by Hillworks design.
2.2 Roundstone native seeds Southern short grass meadow [#111]
Tall Dropseed | Sporobolus compositus
Little Bluestem | Schizachyrium scoparium
Side Oats | Bouteloua curtipendula
Smooth Aster | Aster leavis
Indian blanket | Gaillardia pulchella
Lance leaved goldenrod | Euthamia graminifolia Black eyed susan | Rudbeckia hirta
False sunflower | Heliopsis helianthoides
Bergamot | Monarda fistulosa
Greyheaded coneflower | Ratibbida pinnata
Spiked Blazig Star | Liatris spicata
Rigid Goldenrod | Solidago rigida
Blue false indigo | Baptisia australis
Patridge Pea| |Cassia PatridgePea Cassiafasciculata fasciculata
White prairie clover | Dalea candida
Rattlesnake Master | Eryngium yuccifolium
Gray Goldenrod | Solidango nemoralis
Wild Quinine | Parthenium integrifolium
Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum
Purple Top | Tridens flavus
Purple prairie clover | Dalea purpurea
SEED GERMINATION
This work was done with Hillworks Design as part of the GRA research in wildflower meadows. Pictures, information and access to sites, planting beds, and plants were provided.
2.2 Rainsville, Alabama Southern short grass meadow [Hillworks Design]
Site visit date: 11|07|2018 3-month wildflower meadow Mix #111 [Roundstone seeds] Seed drill installation method
IN SITE SEEDED MEADOW
This work was done with Hillworks Design as part of the GRA research in wildflower meadows. Information and access to site were provided.
3.TESTING
3.1 testing
Tichenor Hall
Foy Hall Ross square
West Thatch Ave
West Thatch concourse
Cater lawn
Martin Hall
Mell street
Haley concourse
Haley Center
Cater Hall Early learning
Dorm 1
Dorm 3
Draughon library Site B
SITE A
t e stesting ting
3.1
SITE A
Site A
testing
3.1
Cater Hall Early learning
Dorm 1
Dorm 3
Draughon library
Youth and family crt.
Dorm 2
Dorm 4
Spidle Hall
Quad Center
SITE B
testing
3.2
SITE B
la n e P ro p o se d b ik e
testing
Woodfield drive
3.3
Field lab no. 1
Performing arts center
existing road
AU’s medicinal plant garden
SITE C
testing
3.3
SITE C
4. TESTING + TYPOLOGY
testing + typology
4.1
73% S IETN G E EAR A[ Lp l Po tLsA] N
testing + typology
4.1
SITE A [plots]
testing + typology
4.1
73% SITE A [plots]
testing + typology
4.1
73% SITE A [circulation]
testing + typology
4.1
S
L XS
[0.06ac]
[0.04ac]
[0.08ac]
M
[0.07ac]
73% SITE A [plots - 1.34 ac]
4.1
73% SITE A [plots]
testing + typology
4.1
73% SITE A [open spaces]
4.1
73% SITE A [plots]
testing + typology
4.1
Turfgrass [0.10ac] Turfgrass [0.37ac] Turfgrass [0.21ac]
Turfgrass [0.22ac] Turfgrass [0.25ac]
73% SITE A [lawn - 1.15 ac]
testing + typology
4 . 21
SITE B A [plots]
testing + typology
4 . 21
SITE B A [plots]
testing + typology
4 . 21
SITE B A [plots]