Chandigarh City Detail Analysis

Task – 1 Chandigarh City

Planning Studio 2

Submitted To – Prof. Sarika Bhahadure ma’am Submitted By – Natasha A Kapai Semister – 2nd Sem , First Year Enrol. No. – MT20UPL022

1.1 History New Capital City & Administrative Centre:-

New Capital City & Administrative Centre:-

Mayer’s Plan

Le Corbusier’s Intervention

Historical Background  Chandigarh derives its name from the temple of Goddess “Chandi” and a fort or “garh” lying beyond the temple.  The gently sloping plains on which modern Chandigarh exists, was in the ancient past, a wide lake ringed by a marsh.  About 8000 years ago the area was also known to be a home to the Haraqppans.  Punjab Province, which was divided in to East & West Punjab during partition of the country in 1947.  The city was conceived not only to serve as the capital of East Punjab, but also to resettle thousands of refugees who had been uprooted from West Punjab.  In March 1948, the Government of Punjab, in consultation with the Government of India, approved a 114.59 Sq.Kms. tract of land at the foothills of Shivaliks as the site for the new capital.  The foundation stone of the city was laid in 1952.  The city assumed the unique distinction of being the capital of both, Punjab and Haryana while it itself was declared as a Union Territory and under the direct control of the Central Government.

Geology  Foothills of the Shivalik hill ranges in the north, Himalayan ecosystem.  It is occupied by Kandi (Bhabhar) in the north east and Sirowal (Tarai) and alluvial plains in the remaining part.  The subsurface formation comprises of beds of boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, clays 2 and some Kankar.  The area naturally is drained by two seasonal rivulets viz Sukhna Choe in the east and Patiala-Ki-Rao Choe in the west.  The central Part forms a surface water and has two minor steams. The steam passing through the central part is called N-Choe and the other Nala which initiates at Sector 29.

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Introduction

Formulation of new plan Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicky  Located between two boundary rivers  fan shaped plan  Govt. Centre – Northeast Side of the City  Super Block - Accommodating some 1500 families.  3 Superblocks to make a district  Industrial area planned in southern corner  Administration area in north-east  2 Large parkland zones across city  Future expansion in the southwest across the plan

Turning Point:Mathew Nowicky’s Death

 Kept orientation of grids as it was.  One dominant off centred doglegged axis.  The grid of superblock increased in size to 1200 x 800mts (3900 x 2700 feet).  Accommodating up to 25000 inhabitants.  Within superblock centralized market was replaced by continuous bazar street across the block.  Capital Complex and high court combined in one govt. complex .  CBD Area Remained the same.  Shifted Capital complex to higher ground .  Two linear parks were replaced by total of 6 later by 8.  Each Sector with its own green space around which houses are designed .  V7 Road Concept.

Source: Joshi, K. (1999). Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry, and Jane Beverly Drew, Vol. 1. Maping Publishing.

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1.1 History City Profile Chandigarh is only planned city in India with a population of 9.01 lakh in the year 2001. It is one of the fastest growing city with a population decadal growth rate of 40.30%. The City Chandigarh was declared a Union Territory in the year 1966 with joint capital of both the states of Punjab and Haryana, situated in the foot of Shivalik hills. The area of Union Territory of Chandigarh is 114 sq. km. only with 22 villages falling in the jurisdiction of Union Territory. With the formation of Municipal Corporation Chandigarh in the year 1994 (with 20 wards) with its jurisdictional area of 79.34 sq. kms. Unique concept is known as ‘City beautiful’. It is one of the greenest city of India with its 1400 nos. green belts / parks/ gardens. Moreover it is the regional center of three adjoining States of Punjab, Haryana ad Himachal. The city Chandigarh is located in western side of river Gaggar and Shimla National highway.

It is linked by rail with National Capital Delhi and hill station Shimla. The National and state highways also connect this city with Ludhiana, Amritsar, Ambala, Patiala and Manali. The city Chandigarh is having direct air link to Delhi and Bombay and airport is also being upgraded. The Major Border Road Projects of Northern India are managed from Chandigarh by the respective departments of Govt. of India. The Chandigarh Administration has set up a Rajiv Gandhi I.T. Park nearby village Kishangarh wherein many MNCs have shown interest to set up their I.T. Industries.

Philosophy Brain  Capitol Complex Heart – City centre (Sector 17)  Lungs – Leisure valley  Intellect – Educational Areas  Veins - Circulation System V7  Viscera – Industrial area Source: Joshi, K. (1999).

Living Working Mind + Body

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Introduction

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1.2 Growth Pattern

Source:- http://chandigarhurbanlab.org/master-peripher-test/

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Introduction

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1.2 Growth Pattern

Factors for the rapid growth : The Chandigarh is going to become Hi-tech city by setting up of I.T. park in the northern-eastern sectors of Manimajra and it is expected that about 25000 families likely to ingress in the U.T. Chandigarh. The Chandigarh Administration has already provided excellent infrastructures in order to accommodate the large number of foreign/Indian based I.T. companies.  The Chandigarh being the regional center is hub of political and bureaucratic activities of the 3 neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pardesh.  This has already impacted upon the services of Chandigarh because of tendency of the high income group people to settle down here and this also carried the floating population with them. This increasing trend of population in the city is also result of high profile services being directly provided by the Chandigarh Administration and Municipal Corporation.  The high profile education and health facilities are available in the Chandigarh. The Punjab Engineering College has been converted into deemed university. The two new Engineering Colleges have come into existence in Sector 26 and Punjab University. The specialized medical services are also available in the city as well as in the satellite town of Mohali and Panchkula with the setting up of PGI, York, Fortis and CMC institution etc.  Migration of population from the states of Punjab and Haryana as well as service providers from Bihar and U.P. has contributed to increase the population figure in the U.T. Chandigarh. It is evident that the construction activities in Chandigarh and its satellite towns of Mohali (Punjab) and Panchkula (Haryana) as well as adjoining areas are always at its peak as compared to the cities of neighboring states. So the construction workers have made a big head way in increasing the population.  Most of the big companies in productions marketing have also set up their sub offices in city Chandigarh to transact their business in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Source:- http://chandigarhurbanlab.org/master-peripher-test/

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Introduction

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1.3 Planning Interventions Salient Features Of the Master Plan:-

City Development Plan under JNNURM

Neighbourhood Concept Each sector has a size of 800m x 1200m, i.e. shops, schools, health centres and places of recreation and worship within a 10-minute walking distance of the residents

Green City Concept Planned as a Green City with abundance of open spaces, Chandigarh ensures that every dwelling has its adequate share of the three elements of Sun, Space and Verdure.

Concept of V7s A well-defined hierarchy of Circulation based on Le Corbusier’s V7s road-system permits rich diversity in land-uses.

Hierarchical Distribution of Population Hierarchical distribution of population with the density is the lowest in the northern sectors and gradually increasing towards the southern sectors.

Low-Rise Development Planned as a low-rise city, it has developed on the stated principles and, even after sixty years of its inception, it still retains the original concept to a large extent.

The Master Plan of UT Chandigarh covers an area of approximately 114 sq km. This includes the nearly fully developed 70 sq km of the area planned by Le Corbusier and his team and the 44 sq km of its 3% share of the 16 km periphery controlled area.

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 Year 2005-2006 to carry out development of selected city.  To access the funds under JNNURM, prepare City Development Plans (CDPs) and implement the reforms.  The Municipal Corporation of Chandigarh has consolidated the City Development Plan and the Municipal Action Plans respectively.  This CDP is result of extensive consultations with stakeholders of both in the Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh and Chandigarh Administration as per the guidelines of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.  The I.T. Industries have been set up in city Chandigarh with development of Rajiv Gandhi I.T. Park in Kishangarh area as well as the satellite town of Mohali – Development of Chandigarh-A profile.  The city of Chandigarh covers an area of 15000 acres to be developed in three phases.

Sectors 1 to 30 - Phase-I, Sector 31 to 47 - Phase-II & Sector 48 to 56 in Phase III .  The number of colonies such as Dhanas, Maloya, Dadu Majra, Palsora, Bapu Dham etc. have already been rehabilitated and there is another proposal to rehabilitate the jhuggi dwellers who have encroached the land in the eastern and southern part of the city.  These people have to be rehabilitated by constructing about 23000 dwelling units near Dhanas as per plan of Chandigarh Administration.

114 SQ KM Chandigarh master plan 2031 area:-

 Plan in consonance with nature’s magnificent backdrop.  Orientation of the major roads directed to enable an uninterrupted view of the Shivalik Hills.  Location of the Capitol Complex at the highest point of the city-site on the foothills.  Low-rise, low-density development in the first phase of the city.  Green City concept based on the planning postulates of Sun, Space, and Verdure.  Urban legislations for harmonious development of the Built- Environment.  Mechanism to regulate the city’s urban form is an extensive range of architectural controls, zoning, building rules, etc. These devices have resulted in a very distinct and harmonious picture.

Introduction

Town Plan

Architecture

Landscape Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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2.1 Population  The UT of Chandigarh is a uni-district territory which came into existence on 1 st of November, 1966 with an area of 114 sq. kms.  As per Census 2011, the population of Chandigarh U.T has crossed the one million mark with its population placed very close to that of the state of Mizoram (10,91,014).  The growth rate of merely 17.10% between 2001-2011 is the slowest since its inception. This is perhaps due to the rapid pace of urbanization taking place in the neighbouring towns of Mohali, Panchkula, Zirakpur, Kalka, Kharar, etc. falling within the 16 km periphery control area.  The growth rate of merely 17.10% between 2001-2011 is the slowest since its inception. This is perhaps due to the rapid pace of urbanization taking place in the neighbouring towns of Mohali, Panchkula, Zirakpur, Kalka, Kharar, etc. falling within the 16 km periphery control area.  Chandigarh was planned for a finite population of half-a-million. In Phase I, 36 sq Km of land was acquired by the city administration for construction of 30 sectors.  Land for seventeen additional Sectors (Sector 31 to 47) was acquired and developed during the second phase to cater for a population of 350000 the predominance of 3 to 4 storey apartments in second phase provide for higher population dimension.  However, Chandigarh has now grown beyond its planned capacity. Hence, development in the third phase has started in sector 48 and beyond.  Demographic data indicate that between 1961 and 1971, the population increased by 144.59 percent, one of the highest for urban areas in India. According to 1981 census, it grew by another 75.55 percent, followed by 42.16 percent in 1991 and by 40.33 percent in 2001 (with a total population of 900635). By  2021 the population of Chandigarh is projected to be around 19.5 lacs (at current rate of growth) almost four times, for which it was originally built.

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Demographics

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2.1 Population Total Population Ward wise Data – Vijayawada City

Comparing population Of Chandigarh with Navi Mumbai & Vijayawada.

Literacy Rate Of Total Population 12,00,000

Axis Title

10,00,000 8,00,000 6,00,000

4,00,000 2,00,000 0 TotalPopulation [2011 Census ] Area

Chandigarh

Vijayawada

Navi mumbai

10,55,450

10,21,806

11,19,477

114

61.88

108.6

Observations: Comparing Planned city Chandigarh with the Organic growth city Vijayawada, we observe that both he cities have almost same population but while comparing the city area, Chandigarh city has area twice as large as Vijayawada.  This means that plots in Vijayawada are more closely spaced that in chandigarh or Navi Mumbai.

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Demographics

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2.2 Density Density Pattern In Sectors (As per original plan).

Density of Chandigarh as per Census 2001

Density of Chandigarh as per Holding capacity

Prevailing Densities As Per 2001 Census :-

Densities As Per Original Plan  The capital city of Chandigarh was planned for a differential pattern of density to accommodate a total population of 5 lakhs. Phase I was planned to be low density development with 9000 acres of land housing 150000 population.  Phase II was planned for higher density with 6000 acres of land accommodating 350000 people.

 The prevailing density of Phase I of the city as per the 2001 census was 26, whereas for Phase II, it was 60 persons per acre.  The density of Phase III (which was added subsequently), has been proposed as approx. 100 persons/acre.  Thus, by 2001, the density of Phase-I had already exceeded the design density when that of Phase-II sectors was the same as was designed.  The city however, still has reasonable capacity to accommodate additional population.

Source:- http://chandigarhurbanlab.org/master-peripher-test/

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Demographics

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2.2 Density City’s Urban Growth Over Years 160

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 India Urban

1951-61 26.41 0

1961-71 38.23 134.67

1971-81 46.14 81.52

1981-91 36.47 36.18

1991-2001 31.59 40.41

2001-2011 31.8 26.96

City’s Rural Growth Over Years 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 India Rural

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1951-61 20.49 15.01

1961-71 21.86 17.91

1971-81 19.32 18.34

1981-91 20.01 130.06

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1991-2001 17.97 39.18

2001-2011 12.25 68.53

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2.2 Density Comparing Density Of Chandigarh with Navi Mumbai & Vijayawada.

Density (ppha) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Density (ppha)

Chandigarh 92.52

Navi Mumbai 103

Vijayawada 170

India 38.2

Vijayawada Observations:-

Navi Mumbai

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Demographics

 The population density during the last 5 decades (1961-2011) has increased 9 fold, from 1051 to 9252 persons per sq. km  Density Of Chandigarh is same as the density of planned city of Navi Mumbai, i.e 92.52 &103 ppha resp. where as density of vijayawada is twice as that of chandigarh approximately, i.e 170 ppha.  Their was a sharp increase in urban population growth of chandigarh during 1961-71  Also their was a sharp increase in rural density of about 130 in the year 1981-91.  Chandigarh shall continue to record higher densities with further population growth , which poses a challenge for maintaining the quality of life and providing basic & essential services even to its poorest residents as visioned by the city’s planners.  The highest population density will be in the sectors falling in Phase III due to group housing and large scale rehabilitation of the population of unauthorized settlements in these sectors.

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2.3 Literacy Rate Literacy Rate Of Total Population 100 90 80

Axis Title

70

Navi Mumbai

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Persons Males Females

1971 70.4 75.7 63.2

1981 74.8 78.9 69.3

1991 77.8 82 72.3

2001 81.9 86.1 76.5

2011 86 90 81.2

Vijayawada

Literacy Rate Total 100 90 80 70 60 50 40

30

Observations:-

20 10 0 Chandigarh

Literacy Rate Total

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Demographics

86.43

Navi Mumbai 89.62

Vijayawada

India

80.4

74.04

 Chandigarh has always recorded a high literacy rate since its inception due to the high quality of educational infrastructure available in the city. As per Census 2011, 8,09,653 persons were literate in the U.T, indicating a literacy rate of 86.43%.

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2.4 Sex Ratio Sex Ratio

Sex Ratio Of Total Population 1200

1000 900

1000

800 700

800

Axis Title

Axis Title

600 500 400 300

600 400

200 100 0 Total Rural Urban

200 1971 749 683 756

1981 769 688 775

1991 790 632 810

2001 777 621 796

2011 818 690 922

0 Chandigarh Sex Ratio

818

Navi Mumbai 837

Vijayawada

India

987

940

Sex- Ratio Of Child Population 0-6 Age Group 920

Observations :-

900

Axis Title

880 860 840 820 800 Total Rural Urban

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Demographics

1971 892 860 896

1981 907 863 910

1991 899 910 897

2001 845 847 845

2011 880 871 880

 Chandigarh U.T. recorded a population of 10,54,686 out of which 5,80,282 are male whereas remaining 4,74,404 are female.  As per Census 2011, compared to the all India figure of 940, Chandigarh has recorded a sex ratio of 818. Chandigarh recorded a sex ratio of 777 in the year 2001 as compared to the national average of 933.  The sex ratio has gradually increased over the years except in 2001, when it showed a marginal decline.  The City has observed lower sex ratio as compared to the national average is because of the upcoming slums in the south western part of the city.

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2.5 Working Population Inferences:-

Cultivators [Total 2578 Persons] 18%

Male

 The majority of workers in the UT are employed in fields other than cultivation, agriculture, household industry etc.

Female 82%

 Total Urban Population 10,26459, In which male are 56,3513 and female working population of about 46,2946.

Agricultural Labourers [Total 1687 Persons] 19%

Male

 It is observed that proportion of cultivators, agricultural labourers, household industry workers and other workers to total workers are 0.6%, 0.2%, 1.1% and 98.1%.

Female 81%

Household Industry [Total 4799 Persons] Male

Female

27% 73%

Working Population

Main Workers 36% 52%

12% Total

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Demographics

Female

Male

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Working Population

Chandigarh 36

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Navi Mumbai 59

India 51.7

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3.1 Existing Land-Use Map

Defence, 4.52 Railway land, 1.12 Public Utilities, 1.07

Forest, 7.5

Traffic & Transportation, 8.62

Residential, 37.88

Green/open spaces, 10.54

Industrial/IT Park, 7.26

Public/Semi-public, 4.71 Commertial, 4.76  The total area proposed to be covered is the entire area of 28169.61 acres comprising of Chandigarh Union Territory .  The area includes the area falling under the Phase I ,Phase II and Phase III sectors besides the area under the periphery.  Considering the pattern of development followed in Chandigarh, the Existing Land-Use Plan is being detailed out in two parts.  Part I comprises of planned development included in the original plan (Phase I & II) and the subsequent developments made as part of the extended sectoral grid (Phase III ).  The remaining land-use of the area falling in the periphery is being detailed out separately keeping in view the nature and context of development.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Land-Use

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3.2 Proposed Land-Use Map Agriculture, 2.95 Defence, 4.52 Railway land, 1.12

Reserve, 1.05

Forest, 8.89

Public Utilities, 1.21

Residential, 38.64

Traffic & Transportation, 10

Green/open spaces, 13.82 Industrial/IT Park, 7.44

Commertial, 5.07 Public/Semipublic, 5.72

Landuse for the city of Chandigarh was defined by the Plan prepared by Le Corbusier, based on the CIAM (Congress International de Architecture Modern) principles of the Functional City. These principles focused on segregation of four major functions:  Living (the residential sectors)  Working (the Capitol Complex, commercial /institutional buildings along Madhya Marg, Jan Marg, City Centre )  Care of Body and Spirit (the Leisure Valley, open spaces and sector greens) and  Circulation (the network of roads, the 7Vs).

Proposed Land Use Based on detailed studies, in depth analysis and looking at the future growth and development of Chandigarh, proposed Landuse Plan for the Chandigarh Union Territory has been evolved.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Land-Use

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3.3 Comparison S. No.

ELU Area In Acres

ELU Area In %

PLU Area In Acres

1 Residential

10672.16

37.88

10866.85

38.64

36-39

2 Commercial

1339.73

4.76

1481.19

5.07

5-6

3 Traffic & Transportation

2046.10

7.26

2097.67

7.44

12-14

20

4 Industrial

1326.50

4.71

1610.06

5.72

7-8

2968.79

10.54

3423.77

13.82

10-12

15

5 Public / Semi Public 6 Recreation

2428.47

8.62

2818.35

10.00

14-16

7 Agriculture

-

0.00

672.89

2.95

8 Public Utility

302.33

1.07

341.41

1.21

12-14

9 Rail

316.29

1.12

316.29

1.12

12-14

10 Defense

1573.00

4.52

1573

4.52

11 Forest

2113.97

7.50

2563.97

8.89

-

0.00

308.83

1.00

3082.67

10.94

113.98

-

28170

100%

28170

100%

Land Use Comparison

Land-Use

45 40 35 30

Axis Title

25

10 5 0

Traffic & Residenti Commerc Public/Se Recreatio Agricultur Transport Industrial al ial mi Public n e ation Existing Land Use 37.88 4.76 7.26 4.71 10.54 8.62 0 Proposed Land Use 38.64 5.07 7.44 5.72 13.82 10 2.95 URDPFI 39 6 12 8 12 16

Public Utility

Rail

Defence

Forest

Reserve

1.07 1.21

1.12 1.12

4.52 4.52

7.5 8.89

0 1

Observations :-

12 Reserve

 The area of the municipal Corporation is 79.74 sq. km out of 114 sq. km.  With regards the existing land use (excluding the extension areas of the city) about 37.88 of area is categorized as residential and 4.76 as commercial and a significant 0%, 7.5% each is assigned towards agriculture and forest area respectively.  On the other hand the proportion of public and semi public use land constitutes 10.54% and transportation land Constitutes only 7.26% of the total area.

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Land-Use

13 Vacant Land Total

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PLU Area URDPFI Adequate In % In % Or Inadequate [Large City]

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3.3 Comparison With Bidhannagar Existing Land Use Map Data Comparison

40 35 30 25 20 15 URDPFI

10

Vijayawada 5 0

Chandigarh Navi Mumbai Vijayawada URDPFI

Navi Mumbai

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

Chandigarh Residential

Commertial

Industrial

37.88 32 26 38

4.76 16 4 6

4.71 20 1 8

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Public & Semi Public 10.54 5 7 12

Land-Use

Recreational 8.62 16 1 16

Transportatio n 7.26 10 16 14

Reserve 0 0 29 0

 The Planned cities Chandigarh & Navi Mumbai have landuse areas distributed as per the URDPFI Norms, whereas organic growth city of Vijayawada lacks in basic ammenities., like lack of adequate open spaces, commertial area, public semipublic utilities,etc.

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4.1 Environmental Status  The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981  the whole of the Union territory of Chandigarh, as air pollution control area.  While the Shivalik Hills to the north provided a visually attractive backdrop to the monumental Capitol Complex, the two choes (seasonal rivulets) on either side defined the eastern and western boundaries of the Chandigarh Plan.  The N Choe going through the middle of the site was converted into a continuous green belt (the Leisure Valley) and the north to south slope provided natural drainage.  Subsequently, it was decided to dam the Sukhna Choe to provide Chandigarh with its much loved lake.  The ecological and aesthetic values of Chandigarh’s location were major considerations in selection of the site and planning of Chandigarh.  Objectives of ecological planning for the Union Territory of Chandigarh  Protecting the ecological integrity of Sukhna Lake catchment and the wildlife sanctuary  Protection & conservation of Choes  Increasing the green cover and its diversity  Minimizing noise & air pollution  Realizing the grave threat posed to the Sukhna Lake by soil erosion from the degraded Shivalik Hills, in 1963, the erstwhile Punjab Government acquired 2,598.42 ha of hilly catchment area of the lake from different villages for undertaking soil and moisture conservation works.  Despite conservation measures taken, the first major ecological problem encountered by the city was the high rate of siltation of the lake. 63% of the lake’s storage capacity had already been eaten away by silt till 1974.

 Chandigarh’s forest department has subsequently continued intensive soil and water conservation measures including effective closure, large scale plantation, construction of silt detention dams and masonry check dams supported by vegetative conservation measures.  Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary spread over an area of 2598.42 ha is located in the North –East of the Sukhna Lake and forms part of Sukhna lake’s catchment area falling in the Shivalik Hills.  The Shivalik hills geologically unstable and thus are highly prone to soil erosion during rains.  The soil in the Shivalik is sandy, embedded with pockets of clay which is highly susceptible to erosion by surface run off .  Concerted measures taken towards prevention of erosion /silt into the Sukhna Lake have resulted in a thick forest cover and rich biodiversity of the area.  Approximately 10 % of the perimeter of the sanctuary abuts the Chandigarh UT, the major part being along the states of Punjab and Haryana .

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Env/Eco Status

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4.1 Environmental Status  The Choe: Both Sukhna Choe and Patiali ki Rao, as well as the N choe flowing through the city (now converted into the Leisure Valley) perform important ecological functions which have not received the same attention as the problem of siltation of the lake.  All the three choes originate in the Shivalik Hills and provide seasonal drainage for the surface water run off from their catchments during the monsoons.  Their sandy beds also recharge the deep sub-soil water aquifers which provide Chandigarh about 20% of its water supply.  Many of Chandigarh’stube wells are located in the beds of these choes.  Untreated sewerage and solid waste of Naya Gaon in Punjab and Khuda Lahora and Khuda Jassu in the UT is being thrown into Patiali Ki Rao. These Choes suffer from : i) High degree of man made encroachments. ii) High degree of water/environment pollution. iii) Discharge of untreated sullage in the choe bed. v) Mushroom development of slums along the river bed. v) Low availability of fresh water

Air Pollution: The entire Union Territory of Chandigarh was declared an ‘Air Pollution Control Area’ under the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 on 1 st February, 1988 by the Ministry of Environment & Forests.  Earlier, the Central Pollution Control Board was enforcing the Environmental Acts/Rules in Chandigarh.  After 1991, the Chandigarh Pollution Control Committee became responsible for performing the functions of State Pollution Control Board in Chandigarh.  The ambient air quality of Chandigarh is now under pressure. Respirable suspended particulate matter in the city has started crossing permissible limits.  Studies have shown that the air quality of Chandigarh is largely impacted by vehicular pollution.  A road length of over 2000 kms. and over six lakh vehicles contribute a major share of noise pollution to Chandigarh’s environment Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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4.1 Environmental Status Emerging Threats To The North Of Chandigarh : The Edict of Chandigarh prohibits any urban development to the north of the Capitol Complex.  This was reiterated by the Chandigarh Urban Complex Plan prepared in 1977 by the Co-ordination Committee.  This plan clearly indicates the area of Kansal Village (falling in Punjab) north of the Capitol complex as a “No Development Area’.  Although Chandigarh itself has refrained from undertaking any development to the north of the city, both Punjab and Haryana have now planned intensive urbanization in this belt, held almost sacred by the original planners as well as the city’s residents, in total violation of earlier decisions.  Besides overshadowing Le Corbusier’s Capitol Complex, enormous volume of built space generated by these tall buildings and the large increase in traffic on the road just outside the sanctuary will cause serious disturbance to wildlife, flora and fauna.  Such a project will also have an adverse impact on Chandigarh’s ecology and infrastructure in terms of air and noise pollution, high extraction of ground water, lowering the ground water table, waste water and solid waste management, besides, generating high volume of traffic.  In addition, the development is likely to pose a serious threat to wildlife.  PROPOSALS OF THE CHANDIGARH MASTER PLAN 2031 To deal with above problems, the Chandigarh Master Plan 2031 proposes following interventions: a. Securing the entire catchment of the Sukhna lake. b. Notifying an Eco-sensitive Zone (ESZ) around the Wild life Sanctuary c. Protecting the Choes d. Securing & Enhancing the Value of Existing Green/Open Spaces f. Air and Noise Pollution

 Plantation in the newly acquired land at village Kaimbwala.  On the recently acquired 50 acre land at village Kaimbwala, the Forest Department has carried out thematic plantation of fruit bearing tree species in approximately 48 acre area.  The rest of the two acre area ,which already has the vegetation is being maintained as such.  A massive plantation drive was organized by the Department of Forests, UT, on the occasion of the World Environment Day-2011 to take up the plantation on the newly acquired land.  Tall saplings of following fruit bearing species have been planted - Mango, Jamun, Guava, Shatoot, Neem, Pipal, Pilkhan, Dhek, Kankankchampa, Arjun, Imli, Amaltas etc. Plantation of fruit bearing species will improve the Quality and BioDiversity of the vegetation in the Lake Reserve Forest behind Sukhna Lake.  Availability of the food to the wildlife and monkeys will be ensured by this plantation.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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4.2 Economic Status    

The economy of Chandigarh is witnessing a transformation from traditional manufacturing towards a knowledge-based economy.

This is primarily due to policies of the Central government/U.T. Administration to promote knowledge sector and tourism through a series of initiatives and programs.

Knowledge sector, particularly Information Technology and IT enabled services (ITES) along with the Biotechnology is gaining momentum in the Chandigarh.

The knowledge sector Corridor consists of: • IT & IT enabled services • Biotechnology and medical sciences • Industrial technologies

 Chandigarh Administration is focusing on tourism, considering its advantageous location and the initiatives taking place in developing it as a major transit Hub between:  (A) Delhi and hill states of Himachal and J.K. The airport of Chandigarh is being upgraded. The Five Star Hotel Mount view has already been operated by CITCO. The Taj Group being set up the five-star hotel, also besides Shivalik view maintained by CITCO.

The per capita income of Chandigarh was Rs.19761/- in the year 1993-94 which has risen to Rs.51341/- in the year 2002-03 against national per capita income Rs.7690/- (in 1993- 94) and Rs.18912/- (in year 2002-03). The per capita income of Chandigarh is highest in India at current assessment and assessed prices.

YEAR 2018-19 ₹0.421 lakh crore (US$5.9 billion) GDP of Chandigarh city and ranks 25th highest GDP in the country.

 (B) The high profile city parks/gardens such as rose garden, fragrance garden, terrace garden attracts the tourists. The lake and first of it own kind rock garden are attractions of tourists. The CITCO has made arrangement for city tour for tourists by introducing special tourist bus service.  Chandigarh being the capital of two states of Punjab and Haryana, but also regional center for MNCs & Central Government.  The work force involved in primary, construction and service sector is 328989, which is approx. 36% of total population.

Tourism

Regional center

IT Hub

 Manufacturing sector includes activities as disparate as the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, electronic goods, I.T. and other industrial products.  Chandigarh is known only for service class people and hub for bureaucratic and political activities of the region.  The tertiary or service sector has increased over the recent years with a significant proportion of new jobs across a whole range of activities.  The city’s workforce is engaged in manufacturing industry in Chandigarh, the migrating population from U.P. and Bihar plays a major role.  Chandigarh is emerging as one of the growing IT cities of the country and many M.N.C’s are shifting from Bangalore.  The road map identifies "Chandigarh" as a large and thriving mega IT Hub with a significant number of top IT companies having their presence in Chandigarh. Towards promotion of IT sector, several initiatives have been taken up such as setting up of Rajiv Gandhi I.T. Park, development of a hi-tech city, e-governance initiatives, and encouraging private sector presence in Chandigarh’s Software Technology Park.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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5.1 Health Chandigarh has advanced medical facilities which cater to the needs of the residents of the city as well as the surrounding regions.

Health care facilities in Chandigarh City

The Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER )Sector -12 (1500 beds) Government Medical College and Hospital Sector-32 (675 bedded hospital)) Government Multi Specialty Hospital (GMSH), Sector-16 (500 bedded hospital with addition of 60 beds)

Chandigarh Master Plan 2031 proposals: The following proposals are planned for development of Health Sector in the city: • Upgradation of 50 Bedded Community Health Center, Sector-22, Chandigarh to 100 Bedded Hospitals for MCH Services.

• Upgradation of Poly Clinic at Village Burail (near Sector 45), Chandigarh into 50 Bedded Hospital.

• Construction of Subsidiary Health Center at Village Behlana, Raipur Khurd, Kishangarh.

• Upgradation of Rural Health Care Services at Village Kaimbwala and Civil Dispensary to Primary Health Centre at Village Mauli Jagran.

 The Institute of Mentally Retarded Children.  In addition, the city has Shri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College in Sector 46, Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital in Sector 26, 50 bedded Primary Health Centre in Manimajra, Poly Clinics in Sector 22 and Sector 45.

Adequacy/Inadequacy of Health Facilities

Category

NO.S

Population served

Hospitals

6

2.5 Lakh/ hospital

33 + 7

15,000

70

30

23

45 lakhs

20

Nil

23

Dispensary

5

Shortage No.s Required [ URDPFI ] 7 1

33

Nursing Home

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5.2 Education  THE CITY LEVEL FACILITIES include :- the Punjab University, the technical institutes- Punjab Engineering College & University, Government Colleges, Chandigarh College of Architecture (CCA), Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH) Sector-32, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO) etc. and Colleges.

 THE NEIGHBOURHOOD EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES include :-Higher Secondary Schools /Senior Secondary Schools as well as the Primary Schools.  NEIGHBOURING STATES TO BE REQUESTED TO MAKE PROVISION OF NEIGHBOURHOOD SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES WITHIN THEIR RESPECTIVE STATES TO REDUCE BURDEN ON THE CITY.  It is recommended that the vacant pockets in the sectors should be utilized to meet the deficit of health/ education infrastructure in the sectors wherever required. Health/ Education should be given priority for the use of the vacant pockets.

Observations: Although adequate at aggregate level, the sector wise spatial distribution of schools in many sectors is inadequate in relation to the population.  The southern sectors 48 to 56 and part of sector 61 and 63 which are in the process of being developed only have High/Senior Secondary Schools at present.  The Punjab University, Sector 14 is spread over an area of 550 acres (2.2 km2 ) in sectors 14 and 25 of the city of Chandigarh.  Chandigarh Administration for development of slum rehabilitation in Sector-25 (69 Acres) and primary school (9 Acres) for its expansion .  The Panjab Engineering College, Sector 12 is deemed technical university.

The college has a huge campus with potential of large scale expansion.  The neighbourhood concept is not fully successful with reference to schools. This can only be successful if the facilities and standard of education is brought at par in government schools for various disciplines of education. Proactive steps need to be taken in this regard .

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Adequacy/Inadequacy of Educational Institutions:Category

Population served

NO.S

No.s Required Shortage [ URDPFI ]

University

1

-

1

Sufficient

Technical Institute Colleges

2

10 Lakh

2

Sufficient

12

1.25 Lakh

13

-1

127

7500/ per Unit 5000/- per Unit

140

-13

211

-50

Higher/S.S Schools Primary Schools

33 + 127 (Part of Higher Sr. Secondary School)

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5.3 Open spaces/ Recreation  Chandigarh - outstanding example of architecture, planning and landscaping.  The seeds of extensive landscaping and verdure were embedded in the city layout plan by its architect-planner Le Corbusier right at the beginning, with the provision of large number of open spaces, green belts, city parks and neighborhood parks.  Today, after nearly 60 years of its inception, the city stands out for its high quality of life and clean, relatively pollution free environment, unlike other growing urban areas in the country.  Its citizens enjoy a direct relationship of the built-form with nature, and have abundant access to green spaces all over the city.  Thus Chandigarh has been endowed with a great legacy of landscaping and greenery.  The conservation of this green heritage in future is a major concern with regards to the rapid development of the city in the last few decades.

Plan showing he open spaces in the city is placed below:-

Analysis - Availability of green/open spaces :        

Green area available within the sectoral grid = 2342 acres.

Green area available in Manimajra = 71 acres.

Botanical Garden = 180 acres.

Total planned green area = 2593 acres.

Required green area (2031) @ 12 sq.m/person = 2616.55 acres.

Shortfall = 23.55 acres.

Forest Area in U.T. Chandigarh=3436Ha. Total Green Area including Forest = 3828 Ha. (9455 acres).

Green/Open Spaces (percentage) = 33.5% of the total area

 Average green available in 2001 (sqm/person)=17 sqm/person.  Average green avail

Sector wise green open spaces in Chandigarh 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Sector wise open spaces in Chandigarh Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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5.4 Safety Police Stations Chandigarh Ward Map showing Police station location

Observations:Chandigarh Ward Map showing Fire station location

 The city has 13 police stations distributed across various sectors. As per Chandigarh UDPFI guidelines one police station is needed for every 90,000 persons according to which the UT will require 11 Police stations.  A site has been proposed in IT Habitat and another site will be earmarked in the southern sector during detail planning of the sector.

There is one fire station available for every 200000 persons in the city.

As per projected population of 16 lakhs Adequacy/Inadequacy of Safety Institutions:-

Current population of 10,55,450 Adequacy/Inadequacy of Safety Institutions:Category

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Existing Units No.s

Population No.s Required Shortage served/Unit [ URDPFI ]

Police Station

13

90,000

11

+2

Fire station

7

2 Lakh

6

+1

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5.5 Comparison Observations:     

The planned provision of social infrastructure is catering reasonably well for the present population.

There is a deficit of primary schools, community centres, places of worship, dispensaries etc. in some of the existing sectors for the projected population as per holding capacity.

As per UDPFI guidelines the shortage of high schools is in sectors 15, 16, 19, 20 west of 38, 41, 42 & 49 etc.

Shortage of dispensaries is in sectors 7, 15-23, 29-32, 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50 & 63. However, a number of charitable dispensaries running in religious buildings, bhawans are also catering to the requirements of public.

Shortage of community centers is in sectors 7, 15, 19, 21, 28, 32, 34, west of 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 51, 56 & 63.

There is demand of a sports complex in the southern sectors, equestrian academy, velodrome etc.

Category

Area as per URDPFI norms (in acres)

Existing

Req. no as per holding capacity

Req as per Current Population

Additional req.

Additional area req (In acres)

Dispensaries (1 for 15000)

0.2

67

77

-10

2

Hospital (1 for 2.5 Lakh)

10

6

7

-1

10

Community center (1for 15000)

0.5

84

78

6

-

High school/sr. sec (1 for 7500) Colleges (1 for 2.5 lakh)

5

158

165

-7

35

10

12

13

-1

10

Technical institute (1 for 10 lakh)

10

2

2

Nil

-

Fore station (1 for 2 lakh)

2.5

7

8

-1

2.5

400 sq. mtrs.

181

224

-43

4

40

36

4 (surplus)

63.5

Religious (1 for 5000) Petrol pumps Total

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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6.1 Solid Waste Management  The practice of disposal of hazardous household waste like used batteries, pesticides etc. along with solid waste is contrary to the provisions of the rules which inter-alia state that separate arrangements should be made for the disposal of hazardous household waste in the prescribed scientific manner to protect the environment. ⁻  E-waste facility by DOST.

Disposal of slaughter house waste

 Existing solid waste management in Chandigarh The garbage is collected in small cycle carts during road sweeping by the safaiwalas of the corporation and is collected from house to house in large cycle carts.  The collected waste is deposited in community Sehaj Safai Kendras from where it is transported to the dumping ground regularly through hydraulic fitted vehicles.  In response to protests against the smell and poor maintenance of Sehaj Safai kendras, the corporation recently attempted to change the system.  The city Corporation has earmarked 45 Acres of low lying land situated in the west of Sector 38 near Dadumajra rehabilitation colony where the garbage is disposed of through ‘Land-Filling’. Government of Punjab has been requested to identify 100 acres for a new dumping ground.

 At present the disposal of dead animals is being done at 2-3 open spaces, which is creating unhygienic conditions and is also inviting public criticism.  It has been observed that undeveloped fringe areas of the city village hinterland, and areas along the choes are being used as dumping grounds.  A site measuring 1 acre has been finalized for carcasses near garbage processing unit in Dadumajra.

Disposal of domestic hazardous waste

Disposal of carcasses

 The Municipal Corporation Chandigarh is according top priority for the collection and transportation of waste from the slaughter house, meat market and fish market etc. due to its peculiar nature.  At present the waste from these places is dumped along with other municipal solid waste leading to problems.  Biomethanation plant also exists in slaughter house.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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6.1 Sewerage System Sewerage Network :-

STP Location on Chandigarh city ward map

Natural Drainage:- NE to SW

The first phase (sector 1-30) of Chandigarh’s sewerage system was laid during 1952 to 1965 the second phase (sector 31 to 47) from 1965 to 1976 and the third phase from 1976 onwards

STP 5 MGD

STP 1.25 MGD

STP 45 MGD

PRO. STP 10 MGD Ext. STP 5 MGD

 The first phase (sector 1-30) of Chandigarh’s sewerage system was laid during 1952 to 1965,  the second phase (sector 31 to 47) from 1965 to 1976 and the third phase from 1976 onwards.  There are separate sewer and storm water drainage systems in Chandigarh.  The sewerage and storm water is discharged by gravity flow due to good natural slope from north east to south west.  The slope also helps the sewers to be naturally cleaned due to the good self cleansing velocities.  There is a well organized network of main and branch sewerage drains.  The egg shaped brick trunk sewers offshoot into 18 inches dia stoneware pipe branch sewers of each sector at major junctions of V3 roads.  The main sewage runs from west to east with inter connection of sewer line from south to north.  No pumping is involved because of the city’s topography.  The length of stoneware sewage pipe network is 742 km.  The population catered to by the sewerage system is 95%. Quantum of sewage generation

5%

Population catered by sewerage system

Observations From The Map: At present 65.25 million gallons of sewage is generated per day in Chandigarh.  Out of this, 45 MGD is treated at sewage treatment plant (STP) at Diggian, Phase X1 Mohali and the remaining at Raipur Khurd (1.25 MGD), Raipur Kalan (5 MGD), 3 BRD (5MGD), Sector 47, Chandigarh.  Another I0 MGD STP is under construction at 3 BRD. After commission of this STP, total sewerage generated will be treated upto required standards.

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6.2 Water Supply Water works Location in Chandigarh city ward map

These are two types of sources, which can be tapped for the city water supply:

Surface water source

 To meet the city’s future requirements of water, under JNNURM, Government of India had approved Phases V & VI of water supply scheme from Kajauli.  The Punjab Government had initially agreed to release 40 mgd raw water out of which U.T’s share was to be 29 mgd.  However, Government of Punjab now wants to use this water exclusively for Mohali area themselves and yet another phase of bringing more water to Kajauli is being negotiated.  With continuously increasing demand for water and uncertainty and disputes plaguing augmentation of canal water supply, Chandigarh needs to develop a comprehensive rain water harvesting plan to ensure long term sustainability of water sources for the city.

Sub terrene water

 The climatic conditions in Chandigarh are hot summer, temperature touching up to 1140F and severe cold in winter - temperature dropping at times nearing freezing point.

From the point of view of demand of water - the calendar year can be divided into the following distinct seasons. a) Summer season From April to mid July. These are dry and hot months and the demand of water during these months is very high both for domestic and irrigation requirements. b) Monsoon season From mid July to mid September. c) Winter & spring season From mid September to March.  Chandigarh experiences an annual average rainfall of about 42” (1050mm). The rain is mostly confined to the months of July and August. A small part of it occurs in the winter months of December and January also.  While planning the new city of Chandigarh, one of the most important points, was availability of suitable and dependable source of water supply needed for domestic, industrial and irrigation requirements of the city.

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6.2 Water Supply

 Distribution of water supply in Chandigarh and Manimajra The city has been divided into 7 zones for the purpose of distribution including the town of Manimajra. The zoning of the city has been done keeping in view the north to south slope of the land.  Each zone has a headwork named after its sector.  A plan showing the location of tube wells and boosters in the city is at Plan 3 and the plan showing the water supply network is at Plan 4.  Manimajra area is mainly dependent on tubewells for water supply. The two water works at Manimajra are fed by 25 tubewells and canal water from Sector 26 Waterworks.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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7.1 Transportation Transportation:Regional Connectivity of the City:-

 The city has good connectivity with the other surrounding region by road, rail and air.  Road connectivity Chandigarh is well connected with the national capital by NH-21 which passes through the city.  The four laning of the highway and the construction of a number of flyovers and bypasses has made it a fast travel corridor reducing travel time considerably.  The city is also well connected to the major towns in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh by road.  The recent upgradation of the National Highway – leading to Shimla and the construction of a bypass around the towns of Pinjore and Kalka have removed the major traffic bottleneck in the road to Shimla .  The Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) in Sector 17 was the main ISBT for a number of decades till the recent construction of the ISBT in Sector 43.  RAILWAY CONNECTIVITY The rail connectivity to the city is through twin track railway lines from Delhi and Mumbai upto Ambala.  AIR CONNECTIVITY Located on the south eastern corner of the city and built in the fifties, Chandigarh’s airport remains under the Ministry of Defence but also serves as a domestic airport.  The total road network under the control of the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh is 1250 Kms (approx.).  The roads will have direct impact due to increase in population, its widening, additional alterations are required in the parking area, mainly the market area on V-4 roads in every sector because growing vehicle population in the city in manifolds. At present about 600000 vehicles are plying in city roads of Chandigarh.  The average yearly growth rate of vehicle population in the city Chandigarh is about 6%.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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7.1 Transportation Road Hierarchy:-

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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8.1 Housing Housing in Chandigarh

1. Government Housing

2. Houses built by the Chandigarh housing board

 Government housing in the city was initially divided into 13 categories ranging from house for the Chief Minister to the lowest paid class-IV employee.  Government housing ranged from 37.5 sq. yds. to 4000 sq. yds

 Chandigarh Housing Board has also constructed houses for the poor under schemes like Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) and more recently under Jawahar Lal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).

Legend

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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8.1 Housing 3. Private Housing : Nearly one - third of the private plots have an area of one kanal or above.  These account for over two- thirds of the total area allocated for private residential plots in the original master plan.  The first phase of the city had low density with residential plots ranging from 5 marla to 8 kanal.  The second phase has much higher density with a switch mostly to three to four storey flats with the largest plot size being 2 kanals.  About 70% of housing in the city was to be built privately.

4. Co-op housing societies

Permanent Houses - ward Map Of Chandigarh

The southern sectors, including the ones in Phase III of the city are being developed as a high density area. Various Co-operative Housing Societies and Chandigarh Housing Board have been allotted land in these sectorsfor construction of HIG, MIG, LIG and EWS flats.

5. Cheap houses A special category of low cost houses was built in sectors 15, 19, 20 and 24 for low income nongovernment workers during the 1950s and 60s and their ownership transferred to the allottees on payment of nominal charges. Initially built as single storied units, additional floors have been added to them by the owners over time

6. Provision of students/working women’s hostels Although Chandigarh already has Young Women Christian Association (YWCA), Young Men Christian Association (YMCA), working women’s hostels together with students’ hostels for various colleges and the university, their availability is inadequate for the increasing demand for such accommodation.

7. Residential accommodations through paying guest scheme Through orders dated 05.09.2006, the Chandigarh Administration permitted the use of residential buildings for paying guest accommodation. The minimum area of the house for paying guest accommodation has been fixed as 10 marla with a condition that portion of the house has to be used by the owner. No extra/new kitchen is allowed and a minimum of 50 sq.

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8.1 Housing TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS:-

PROPOSALS OF HOUSING AT A GLANCE

JUDICIOUS USE OF LIMITED LAND I.

It must be ensured that the limited land still available for housing development is allocated judiciously for meeting the unmet housing demand of all the different sections of the population. ii. Group Housing in vacant plots of second phase

II. All vacant residential plots in the Phase II sectors which were earlier planned as plotted development should as far as possible be replanned and used for group housing instead of individual plots. This shall apply to cases where a whole cluster /row of unsold vacant plots are available and not to scattered individual plots. iii.

III. High density Group Housing in vacant areas in Phase III Sectors Approximately 215 acres of land in the sectors has been allotted to CHB for housing which is yet to be developed in addition approximately 146 acres of land is also lying vacant in Phase III sectors which is proposed for high density housing development in 4 /6 storey flats to accommodate large number of flats with a gross density of 100 persons per acre. Individual plots allotment shall be discontinued.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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8.1 Housing House Owned - ward Map Of Chandigarh

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Houses in good condition – Chandigarh City ward map

I

Housing & Slums

Houses avail Banking– Chandigarh City ward map

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8.2 Slums The number of slums and slum population in the city has been increasing at a faster pace over the decades. The slum population is emerging on the out- skirting of city as detailed below:

Unauthorized Colonies - ward Map Of Chandigarh

1. Colony No.5 located in Sector 50 area of which is under development. This is the biggest slum area of city.

2. Colony No.4 located near Industrial Area, Ph.I near Sukhna choe, which is being polluted by open defication.

3. Bapu Dham Colony is located in northern eastern area Chandigarh near Timber Market, Sec.26.

4. Janta & Kumhar Colony is located in Sector 25.

5. Lal Bahadur Shashtri slum is located in Sector 56 area on border to S.A.S.Nagar (Pb.).

6. Rajiv colony slum is located in Sector 38 (W) area.

VILLAGES & SLUM AREAS  At present there are 18 villages namely Kaimbala, Khuda Alisher , Khuda Jassu, Khuda Lahora, Sarangpur, Dhanas, Dadumajra, Maloya, Palsora, Kajheri, Hallomajra, Behlana, Raipur Khurd, Raipur Kalan, Makhan Majra, Daria, Mauli jagran and Kihangarh.  Four villages i.e Badheri, Butrela, Burail and Attawa are now under Municipal limits of Chandigarh, and area under the control of the Municipal Corporation.  In additional, according to a survey by Labour department and Department of Food & Supplies, 14 unauthorized slums namely, (1) Ambedkar colony (2) Gursagar Bhattal colony (3) Kabari colony (4) Kalyan colony (5) Kumhar colony -25 (6) Labour colony-4 (7) Labour colony -5 (8) LBS colony (9) Madrasi colony (10) Nehru colony (11)Rajiv colony (12)Sanjay Labour colony (13) SBS Mauli Jagran and (14) Shahpur, exist around the city with population of about 70000.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Housing & Slums

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8.2 Slums Slums

Villages

Rehablitation Colonies Unauthorized colonies to be rehabilitated

Outside Sector

Within Mncipality Limits

Observations:   

Lack of Data Land possession continues to be a daunting issue in addressing the problems of the poor.

Infrastructure Deficiency The experience of implementing poverty programmes clearly brings out the need for an integrated response to deal with the problems of the urban poor.  Neglect of Informal Settlement: Programs arte targeted mostly for notified and developed Slums.

Non-notified slums and de-notification policy for developed slums leaves out the vulnerable group without getting much attention.  Lack of co-ordination among various programs and institutions to address the problems in an integrated and meaningful way.

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP

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Housing & Slums

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9.1 Disaster & Mitigation  The Union Territory of Chandigarh spread over an area of 114 sq. kms. has high vulnerability to earthquakes as it lies in Seismic Zone IV.  Disaster Management Plan is a comprehensive plan, which optimally utilizes men, material and available resources to prevent loss to lives and minimizes loss to property. It ensures fastest approach for rescue and rehabilitation.  To improve the preparedness for disaster through risk assessment and vulnerability analysis of Chandigarh.  To evolve a suitable mitigation strategy so as to minimize the impact of disaster in terms of men and material loss.  To give professional guidance to there life machinery engaged in relief operations.  To create awareness amongst the community to face the disaster in case of an eventuality.  To involve the voluntary organizations & NGO’s in awareness creation and in relief operations.  To enable quick restoration of the public service system affected by the disaster.  To prevent the spread of post-disaster epidemics.

Hazard analysis and vulnerable area in Chandigarh

Risk and Vulnerability, Analysis (RVA)  Risk and Vulnerability Analysis (RVA) is an essential tool for any disaster management plan. In the Chandigarh Disaster Management Plan (CDMP)-2008, a conscious effort has been made to include a preliminary RVA which will help identity people, property and resources that are at risk of damage, injury or loss during disasters. Such information would aid in prioritizing the precautionary measures.

S. No.

Industrial Location

Nature of Hazard

Vulnerable Areas

1

Industrial Area – Phase-1

Chemical Spills, Effluent Discharge, Fire, etc.

Sector 28,29, Sukhna choe, Reserved forest.

2

Industrial Area – Phase - II

Chemical spills, Effluent discharge, Fire, etc.

Sector 31, Karsan Rehabilitation colony

3

Industrial Area – Phase - III

Chemical spills, Effluent discharge, Fire, etc.

Mauli Jagran Rehabilitation Colony.

4

Sewerage Treatment Plant

Sewer Leakage, Methane gas leakage, Drinking Water Pollution, etc.

Sectors 47 & 48, Karsan Rehabilitation colony.

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Disaster & Mitigation

Legend

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP Natasha Kapai MT20UPL022

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10.1 Urban Heritage/ Tourism/ Industrial/ other special feature

Heritage Status:     

The Rajendra Park The Capitol Complex The Lake Club The Sukhna Lake The Lake Promenade MLA Hostel and MLA Flats, Sector-3 MLA Hostel and Flats, Sector-4 Government Museum & Art Gallery, Sector-10 Institutional Belt along Madhya Marg sectors 18, 19, and 27.  Commercial belts along Madhya Marg in sectors 7 & 26. Government College for Boys & Girls, Sector 11  The Post Graduate Institute of Medical & Education Research, Sector 12 Neighbourhood Shopping Centres, Institutional, and Residential Buildings on either side along V4 of sectors 11, 10, 9, 7 and 8.  Neighbourhood Shopping Centres, Institutional, and Residential Buildings on either side along V4 of sectors 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 27 and 28.

Legend

 CHANDIGARH ON THE TENTATIVE HERITAGE LIST The city of Chandigarh stands nominated to the Tentative Heritage List of World Heritage Sites for the Urban and Architectural Work of French Architect Le Corbusier in the city since 2006.  A TRANS BORDER SERIAL NOMINATION WAS PREPARED BY THE CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION IN 2008.  THE CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION HAS BEEN WORKING TOWARDS CHANDIGARH’S NOMINATION FOR THE WORLD HERITAGE STATUS AND “THE MODERN HISTORIC CENTRE OF CHANDIGARH “

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Urban Heritage/ Tourism/ Industrial/ other special feature

Source:- Chandigarh Master plan, CDP Natasha Kapai MT20UPL022

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11.1 Institutional Arrangement In Chandigarh up to 1994, there was no ULB but there was only advisory council of Administrator (U.T.). The Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh with 20 wards was formed in 1994 under Punjab Municipal Act, 1976 extended to Chandigarh with amendmens.

Administrative Structure

Adviser to the Administrator

Administrator

Secretaries

Chairman, CITCO

Chief Electoral Officer

Chief administrator

Secretary Rural Development & Panchayats

Commissioner

Chief Vigilance Officer

Nodal Officer (Smart City)

Chief Executive Officer, Chandigarh Smart City Limited

Chairman, Housing Board

Managing Director

Special Secretary

Secretary

Social Welfare & Women &Child Development

Labour and Employment

Personnel

Assistant Commissioner

Tourism

Industries

Source:- http://chandigarh.gov.in/admn_struc.htm

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Institutional Arrangement

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12.1 SWOT Analysis

STRENGTHS •Sound planning principles yielding a sustainable development for Chandigarh.

•Locational advantage, highly scenic background of hills, good connectivity with road/rail/air, an abundant tree cover.

•Strong image-ability, refined, iconic architecture.

•Excellent use of natural gradient .

• Specially designed neighbourhoods enriching the quality of life.

•Climatically responsive architecture.

•A well supported city, both administratively & financially.

• Universally acclaimed rich ‘Heritage’ and ‘Green City’ character.

• The decentralized distribution of major work centres.

Know Your City – Task 1 – Chandigarh City

WEAKNESSES Presence of urban villages amidst planned sector environments.

Landlocked city combined with depleting land reserved as green in periphery; limited land available for future growth.

Lack of Spatial Policy in Regulatory environment (FAR / density / ground coverage / heights / setbacks/ architectural controls/ mixed use etc.).

City expansion settlements.

to

outer

peripheral

Poor enforcement of Disability/Fire Safety .

Poor O & P of buildings.

Traffic chaos due to high vehicular density and poor public transportation system.

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SWOT Analysis

OPPORTUNITIES • City attaining World Heritage status.

• Improving green cover.

• Improving network of safe mobility.

• Introducing eco sensitive and environmental measures (solar panels / roof gardens/vertical greens / rain water harvesting/recycling of grey water/decentralized STPs. • Village Improvement Strategy.

• Strengthening role of tourism.

• Resolving contentious local issues.

• Enhancing employment opportunities..

• Increasing legal security for informal sector workers.

• Reducing disparity in quality of life and services in the sectoral grid.

THREATS • Townships of two border states - have assumed mega development - proximity to Chandigarh, overburden its infrastructure.

• Location of solid waste dumping site near rehabilitation colony and rivulets.

• Absence of earthquake (Zone IV) safety and disaster management measures.

• Existence of geographical tectonic fault line at the foothills of the lower shivaliks (near Naya Gaon).

• Proposed high rise buildings in contravention of the spirit of Chandigarh’s low profile development.

• Unregulated construction of questionable structural standard in villages and rehabilitation colonies.

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Thank You !

Submitted To – Prof. Sarika Bhahadure ma’am Submitted By – Natasha A Kapai Semister – 2nd Sem , First Year Enrol. No. – MT20UPL022