CA_A03_NathanArceri

ABPL20033 Construction Analysis

Semester 2 - 2020

Lake Wendouree Residence Flipbook Section 3D: Layers of Information Dr Alberto Pugnale, Subject coordinator Dr Sofia Colabella, Senior Tutor Madina Zhazylbekova, Tutor Nathan Arceri, 995296 Tutorial no. 8

Photography by John Wardle Architects

1st November, 2020

1. Structural Systems, Below Ground

Engineered Fills

How did the site condition affect the design of the house?

Horizontal

The existing site condition presented a geological issue which was required to be addressed, but also a design opportunity in its tabula rasa nature.

Second Pour

Waffle Raft Slab

As per the soil report conducted by Provincial Geotechnical, the site was classified CLASS ‘P’ (Problem Site) largely due to implications of the existing structure and its vegetation. The previous conditions caused abnormal moisture levels across the site, but also a top soil inappropriate for a foundation material. For construction, these impacts may cause excessive natural seasonal ground movement, for which a stiffened waffle raft slab was recommended to accommodate such motion. Additionally, the waffle raft was required to be found on deeper foundation elements to assist in mitigating the reactive earth.

Second Pour Rebar

Slab

CLASS ‘P’ Problem Site

Vertical

Retaining Wall Rebar

The geological condition also provided the basis for conceptual development of the site. Across the 90 metre long site, there was only an 80mm fall, producing a bland horizontal plane. In response to the flat site, John Wardle Architects strived to produce an artificial topography to enable the house to engage with the landscape. The concept is achieved via a series of level changes to anchor the user in various areas such as the courtyard, utilising human scale to define spaces.

Waffle Pods

Pad Footings

Foundations

Waterproof Membrane

Strip Footings

Section 1A

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Envirocrete

The pad footings are centred beneath structural steel columns, with their addition purposed to bear the loads of the steel framework.

The extra depth and strengthening is required at these points as the reactive clay beneath the edge / internal beams is inefficient to support such point loads.

The Boral Envirocrete recycled concrete employed for all concrete products is formed via the utilisation of wasted materials from the concrete manufacturing process, with a 30% cement and 20% Scale 1:50 @ A3 aggregate replacement1.

Strip Footings

Retaining Wall

The strip footings are founded in a minimum of 100mm into a firm material of the natural ground of the site, penetrating further than the fill material. The strip footings extend deeper than the fill to ensure the structure has a load bearing connection with the natural ground of the site, also allowing the house to seasonally move with the earth underneath.

Steps down into the courtyard space are employed to produce a threshold Scaleand 1:50sectioning @ A3 for the area. As the steps are situated directly on the 0 500 exterior skin of the house, the 220mm thick concrete retaining wall is implemented to ensure the loads of the concrete foundations for the steps and weight of the soil do not buckle the structure of the house.

Waffle Raft

Engineered Fill

The waffle raft resists movement on the CLASS ‘P’ site as the voids formed by the polystyrene pods create inherent beams within the slab. The extra stiffness coupled with the concrete foundations beneath produces a labyrinth of stabilisation for the reactive soil.

50mm sand bed on 2 layers of 150mm compacted Class 2 crushed rock. The compaction and layering of the fill is to enhance stability of the excessive ground movement (reactive clays of CLASS ‘P’) but also to reduce the moisture exposure to the underside of the waffle raft.

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Pad Footings

Hook Rebar

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Hooked rebar reinforces the vertical plane between the 110mm level change of the slab and second pour, improving the tensile and shear strength of waffle raft.

Second Pour

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The second pour implemented to enable ease of installation for Conservatory grate and enhanced stability for steel framework and waffle raft.

The bottom surface of second pour required to be scabbled and coated with ‘Wet to Dry’ epoxy to structurally bond fresh pour to waffle raft.

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Scale 1:50 @ A3

Ground Floor Plan

Pad Footings

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1A Sectional Perspective

First Floor Plan

Strip Footings

Area 1

2. Structural Systems, Above Ground How does the structure define the composition of architectural form and space?

Ground Floor

The structure does not overtly define the architectural form and space of the Lake Wendouree Residence, but rather the steel and timber hybrid framing is in service of the angular and cantilevering nature of the design. The abstracted floating boat house forms of the bedrooms required extensive steelwork to support the vast overhang of each hovering pavilion, of which is completely concealed excluding the vertical steel of the open Conservatory. The roof structure is also silent in its finishing, as the complex labyrinth of rafters and roof battens is veiled by cladding. Despite the structure not being distinctly represented throughout the dwelling, the accomplishments achieved of the synchronised structural systems, such as the impressive cantilevers and angular roofs, suggests the Lake Wendouree Residence is rather a celebration of the strengths and possibilities of the common construction materials.

Primary Structure

Secondary Structure

Structural Steelwork

Vertical

Parallel Flange Channel Columns Rectangular Hollow Sections

Timber Stud Wall

Vertical First Floor

Horizontal

Floor Truss Systems

PosiStrut Timber Long Reach

Structural Steelwork

Universal Beams Universal Columns Parallel Flange Channels

Yellow Tongue

Horizontal Roof Vertical

Roof Battens Structural Steelwork

Universal Beams Parallel Flange Channels

The rafters predominately consist of F7 graded timber, as the higher graded and stronger timber is utilised as it is employed as primary structure.

Section 1A

PosiStrut Floor Truss

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PosiStrut system delivers loads to structural steel laterally, with the addition of 190 x 45mm timber strongback under load bearing wall to ensure perpendicular load distribution2. The open trusses also enables ease of running services.

First Floor Plan

Structural Steel 1

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Timber battens secured to rafters produce a fixing point for the plywood required for the VM Zinc roof sheeting.

Yellow Tongue Structural particleboard distributes immediate loads to PosiStrut system. Modular sub-floor enables access to underfloor, allowing ease of inspection or maintenance.

Scale 1:50 @ A3 0

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Cross Bracing Stud wall braced with galvanised metal tension straps, assisting in resisting lateral forces such as wind, Scale 1:50 @ A3 but also as there may be enhanced earth movement 0 500 from CLASS ‘P’ site.

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Long Reach Floor Truss Timber floor trusses are utilised predominately within portions of the house that are of standard spans and structural requirements.

Whereas for areas requiring enhanced strength with a lack of load bearing elements beneath, such as the large Bedroom 4 cantilever, the PosiStrut system is utilised due to increased strength to weight ratio. The PosiStrut is also used only as required due to cost effectiveness of timber truss systems in comparison.

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Scale 1:50 @ A3

The 3 exposed 180 PFC are hot dipped galvanised to prevent corrosion due to the moisture exposure of the Conservatory, as it is considered a wet area.

Roof Battens

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1A Sectional Perspective

Ground Floor Plan

Bedrooms The cantilevered bedrooms embody floating boat houses upon the droughted Lake Wendouree, as Bedroom 4 seemingly hovers over the Conservatory. The unique profiles of the bedrooms ensure a varied experience in each space. The floating essence offers alternative views, whilst the changing geometric character of the rooms and connections to the exterior reflect the personalities of the individuals whom inhabit the spaces.

Enables concealment of HVAC system and seamless integration of wardrobe joinery into the wall structure, contributing to the framing of bulkhead and ceiling.

Roof Steelwork

Timber Rafters

Conservatory The primary structural steelwork enables the external walls to be operable louvre windows, transforming the space into an intimate greenhouse pavilion. This enabled the blurring threshold of interior and being amongst nature as JWA strived to create ‘pavilions in gardens’. Whilst the extension of the bench from the kitchen enhances the disillusionment of the indoor / outdoor space, and provides a centralised point for respite and conversation.

Hanging Beam

Timber Rafters

The various UB and PFC which comprise the skeletal forms of the Bedroom roofs contain timber packers within flanges to enable timber members ease of connection.

Architectural Spatial Achievement

Area 1

3. Internal (Non-Load Bearing) Partitions

Plasterboard

How do the internal partitions organise the life inside the building?

Divide

Create

Joinery Fixed

The internal partitions organise the life within the Lake Wendouree Residence via functional and conceptual purposes. The continuity of the kitchen bench into the Conservatory, in addition to the level change, provides a transitional intermediary threshold, which answers the query of how the house would exist as a greenhouse pavilion. On both floors, the timber stud wall partitions are utilised opportunistically to generate recesses which enable seemingly camouflaged storage to be situated, whilst also enacting acoustic barriers for spaces which require serenity. The movable partitions of the pivot doors demonstrate a contradiction in their use, strengthening the connection of spaces via uninterrupted barriers between areas, whilst still offering the privacy required of such elements. The internal embody the enhancement of space rather than the simple dividing.

Vertical Partition Purpose

Function

Internal Partitions

Create Bedroom Placement

Bulkhead Ceiling

Conceal

Bench

Connect

Timber Stud Walls Movable

Connect

The clustering of all child Bedrooms towards the south of the first level proposes an enhanced opportunity for familial bonding. The bundling of the bedrooms ensures each inhabitant feels a sense of connection to the house and each other, as each Bedroom opening immediately into the Upstairs Living Room enforces a direct link to the public areas of the home, and places a stage for idiosyncratic communications.

Divide

Pivot Doors

Bulkhead Ceiling

Pivot Door As pivot doors are anchored directly to the floor, it relieves the extra load from the timber stud frame and increases stability as the floor plane is bearing entirety of the door weight.

Wall Structure The timber stud walls may contain services which is enabled via the boring of holes into the studs for the by-passing cables. The studs also encase bulk insulation, which is all concealed via 13mm plasterboard.

Section 1A

The bulkhead ceiling created by the hanging beam produces an alcove for seamless joinery integration into the wall, but also concealing of internal HVAC system. All bedroom desks are situated directly in front windows, ensuring sufficient natural sunlight for the study space usage.

Joinery Alcove The layout of the timber stud walls produces a recess of which a series of storage cupboards are installed.

The public access and placement also enhances the acoustic barrier between Scale 1:50 @ A3 the Upstairs Living Room 0 500 and Bedroom 3, which is immediately adjacent and most vulnerable to noise disturbance.

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Ceiling Structure 1

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Conservatory Entry Scale 1:50 @ A3 A frameless Clear Safety

Bench Finish

Bench Structure

The floating ‘boat house’ effect of the Bianco Gioia Carrara marble benchtop is enhanced via the continuing of the respective floor finishes (Pietra Bronzea tiles and Pyranese sandstone paving) up the vertical planes underneath.

Hybrid steel and timber framing utilises the strength capabilities of the steelwork to produce the floating bench aesthetic, whilst the timber framing embodies secondary support and provides a workable substrate for paving to be installed upon.

Glass pivot door and 0 500 matching abutting fixed panel enclose the Conservatory, intensifying the blurring of the internal / external threshold of the greenhouse pavilion, particularly the continuation of the kitchen bench.

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Scale 1:50 @ A3

Ground Floor Plan

Ceiling joists are secured to the underside of the PosiStrut system to maintain consistent ceiling height to match the level created by the timber trusses. This enables a consistent ceiling plane on the transition into the Conservatory, of which the space is compressed and rendered intimate via the level change of the steps.

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1A Sectional Perspective

First Floor Plan

Area 1

4. Environmental Protections

Prevent

First Floor Plan

Acoustic Insulation

Reduce

Room Layout

Window

Water Drainage

Window Flashing

The Aneeta servery style window enables natural ventilation into the Upstairs Living Room via its top and bottom opening, which also provides uninterrupted views through the sashless design3. The glass panes utilised for the window have a U-Value of 2.5 and SGHC of 0.714, which maximises the absorption of the western afternoon sun in harsh Ballarat winters.

The Colorbond flashing prevents water entering the building envelope via diverting the rainfall into the box gutter. The Colorbond box gutter falls 1:100 to redirect rainfall to the downpipe of the east elevation, and is supported by timber members and a support sheet to facilitate live rainwater load6.

Proprietary VM Zinc flashing is utilised for the windows, which prevents water entering the envelope but still allows for the required airflow to enter beneath the plywood substrate8.

Louvre Window System

ProctorWrap underlay encases all roof structure as a provision for any cladding moisture penetration.

AS the Conservatory is classified as a wet area due to vastly openable ability of louvre system, a sloping trench grate drainage system borders the internal area. The K100 grate is utilised as increased corrosion resistance is required5.

Waterproof Membrane

Bulk Insulation

Scale 1:50 @ A3 For internal walls a single bulk insulation batt is employed 0 500 with an R-Value of 2.5, whereas for external walls two batts are used for a combined R-Value of 3.2, both of which are covered by plasterboard. The double layering of 1:50 external Scale @ A3walls is to compensate for the harsh Ballarat 0 climate, 500 but the 2000 Bradford Soundscreen Plus batts utilised also serve as acoustic insulation.

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Downpipe The VM Zinc downpipe is concealed within the wall structure, with the internal portion wrapped in lagging for acoustic insulation. At the transition of box gutter to downpipe, a sump with a side overflow device (overflow pop) is situated for the provisionary assistance to box gutters if required.

The overflow duct extends beyond the finished VM Zinc surface of the external wall to prevent any water penetration into junctions9.

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Bracing

Resist Sound

Expressed

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Sealants

Air

A waterproof membrane is laid beneath waffle raft to protect from any moisture penetration arising from the earth and fill. This ensures structural integrity of concrete, reduces degradation of polystyrene pods, and corrosion of rebar.

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Concealed

Operable Window Systems Facilitate

Conservatory Drainage

Ground Floor Plan

Thermal Insulation

Prevent

Environmental Protections

Waterproof Membrane

Scale 1:50 @ A3

Insulated Glazing

Heat

The Fineline-XT Operable Glass Facade system transforms the Conservatory as they may be opened to enable natural cross ventilation, or closed and weatherproof via bulb seals which run the entirety of the louvre blade length7. The system is purposed to situate the Conservatory as an outdoor space regardless of the year round harsh Ballarat climate.

Section 1A

1A Sectional Perspective

Waterproof Membranes

Retain

John Wardle Architects address the design of environmental protections through a mixed lens of functionality and aesthetics, achieving ultimate comfortability for the inhabitants through concealed means. The Lake Wendouree House expresses environmental protections only when the instance is coupled with a conceptual partner. An example of this overt expression is the showcasing of the operable louvre windows of the Conservatory, which are purposed to maximise cross ventilation, but also facilitate the floating boat house abstraction. The protections are camouflaged through the elevations as the character of the house is not concerned with its construction, but rather the house is to be defined by the family life and memories which will be created and treasured within.

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Flashing and Capping Devices

Water

How did the architect approach the design of environmental protections? Do the elevations express or hide protections?

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Box Gutters and Downpipes

Drainage

Area 1

5. Mechanical and Electrical Systems

Source

Purpose

Appliance Telecommunications Connections

Did the architect organise the internal spaces to place mechanical and electrical services efficiently?

Powercor Grid

Power

General Purpose Outlets

Solar Panels

Ventilation

Lighting

Water Line

Heating

Hydronic Coils

Underground Water Tank

Cooling

Window Systems

Gas Line

Water Services

Hydronic Radiator Panel

Electricity

JWA co-ordinated various elements to veil all services in their efficiency.

To serve the design concept, all services are concealed throughout the house, as the building redirects focus from itself and instead forms a canvas for the character that will created within. This camouflaging is facilitated via the structural systems, such as the floor truss systems enabling ease of running services. However, within the house are instances where the layout of services is subsequent to the experiential qualities of the space, such as the locating of hydronic radiators in a less advantageous position instead of beneath the window sill, producing a sufficiently illuminated work area in the bedrooms. Despite such concerns of energy inefficiency, the house engages with passive design practices through the utilisation of storm water runoff and solar panels to minimise the environmental footprint of the home.

Essential Services

Water Supply

Gas

Air Conditioners Pipe Lagging

Air Conditioning Systems

Floor Truss Systems

All water pipes require lagging, which preserves the heat within the pipe, but also preventing the risk of condensation. The pipe insulation also enacts acoustic insulation, reducing the noise that disperses from the pipes11.

The Daikin systems require a water line and gas line connection to the main located within the ceiling of the first floor Bathroom, which is also connected to the condensing unit vents located on the exterior Cellar wall to enable ventilation. The location of these system mains is to provide a centralised position which minimises the network, but also so the necessary external units are highly concealed and do not interrupt the structure language.

Both floor truss systems employed enable ease of running services due to the permeable and open nature of the truss webs, also allowing for increased options for efficiency in their placing.

Hydronic Radiator Panel The hydronic radiator panel receives heated water from the gas boiler system on the ground floor, of which the heat energy is extracted from the heated water and is transferred into the metal panel and diffuses into the room10.

Section 1A

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Telecommunications Hub

Electrical cabling which is necessary to bypass studs requires a hole to be drilled in the vertical long face of the stud. The holes are bore at consistent levels to provide ease of establishing the cable layout.

The middle cupboard of the rear entry joinery embodies a telecommunications hub for the southern portion of the house. The Scale location 1:50 @ A3enables cupboard consolidation of multiple 0 and 500ease of access. services

Louvre Window System

Hydronic Coils

To enable access to the cabling and mechanisms of the Fineline-XT system, the plasterboard ceiling of the Conservatory is penetrated in 5 areas with an access panel, which provides ease of service prospectively. All cabling of the Fineline-XT system is situated within the storage cupboards on the opposite side of the east wall, which is economical due to the amount of cabling required for each set of louvres.

The coils are placed between layers of SL62 and SL82 rebar within the slab and have a 20mm concrete cover. The boiler located on the exterior of the Cellar wall circulates heated water to a manifold, and then is distributed throughout the coils and returns to the boiler, creating warmth via the heat conduction of the concrete slab and tiles12.

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Scale 1:50 @ A3

Ground Floor Plan

Cabling Stud Penetration

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1A Sectional Perspective

First Floor Plan

Scale 1:50 @ A3

Area 1

6. Physical Enclosures Systems

Marble Bench

Do the physical enclosures express aspects of the building (internal spaces, structure and materiality)?

The physical enclosures represent an abstraction of peculiarities typical of the Lake Wendouree area. The internal spaces are defined by their unique relations to nature, such as the floating Bedrooms as spectators of the garden, as the Conservatory is synthesised into the garden.

The structure is expressed through the finishing via an appreciation of the creative possibilities of the materials, utilising form to emulate its surroundings and inhabitants. This is elaborated through the core material palette, embodying a connecting element between pavilions, and site. The earthy tones of the brickwork, spotted gum, and VM Zinc offer muted textural shifts and balances. The house exists as a medium for growth, for the paralleling development of the familial character within the home, and blossoming personalities of ambient garden spaces.

Carpet Floor Tiles and Timber Flooring Painting Internal Enclosure Systems

Tasmanian Oak Joinery

Comfort

Protective Finish

Automatic and Manual Blinds

External

VM Zinc Wall and Roof Sheeting Louvre Window System

Functionality

Aesthetics

Shiplap Boards

Section 1A

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Flooring

VM Zinc Sheeting

Shiplap Boards

Picotage Luna Pearl carpet is utilised within Bedrooms as the soft wool represents a comfortable and homely refuge. The carpet is underlaid with Pyrotek Soundguard Silentstep which minimises sound resonance, further segregating the Bedrooms from the rest of the residence. Whereas for public spaces of the first floor, a spotted gum timber flooring is employed functionally to provide ease of cleaning and hardiness, whilst emulating the established material palette of the structure.

The final width of 430mm of the VM Zinc sheeting utilised for the Bedrooms created a measurement module which could be enforced across the pavilions. JWA designed the window penetrations and size / protrusions of the Bedrooms to ensure no wastage of the material. The longitudinal profile of the VM Zinc sheeting also references the typical weatherboard construction of the Lake Wendouree boat houses which it is abstracting from.

The spotted gum shiplap boards for the rear entry offer a glimpse of the textures and finishes within, bringing the interior to the exterior whilst offering the weatherproofing benefits of the tongue and groove form.

First Floor Plan Random Stone Paving

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Scale 1:50 @ A3 The absence of a box gutter on the western side 0 500 of Bedroom 4, combined with the sealed connection of the VM Zinc sheeting via the double lock standing seam, allows for rainfall to runoff directly into a garden bed below. The cataract Scaleeffect 1:50 @then A3 rainwater becomes a spectacle which 500 2000 can 0be appreciated from within the Conservatory, a space which also enacts an embodiment and enhancement of nature.

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Blind Systems The lack of a skylight in Bedroom 4 is advantageously amended via the use of a large vertical northern facing window, contributing to the unique identity of each Bedroom. This window and skylights contain electrically controlled blind systems, enabling complete sunlight shuttering, whilst all southern windows only incorporate drapery.

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Scale 1:50 @ A3

Cantilever

The plywood based upon the roof structure provides a flat and whole substrate for the cladding, whilst the covering waterproof membrane protects the vulnerable structure. An Enkamat 3-D mesh is placed on the membrane to provide the 40mm continuous air gap required of the VM Zinc sheeting. This avoids condensation build up and reduces oil canning / distortion to the finished VM Zinc surface13.

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1A Sectional Perspective

Ground Floor Plan

The continuation of the external Pryanese sandstone paving to the interior of the Conservatory, situates the space as a transitional intermediary between the house and garden.

The random and organic formations of the paving juxtaposes the disciplined stretcher bond arraying of the interior Pietra Bronzea tile, as this coupled with the omission of controlled temperature systems, suggests the Conservatory personifies and appreciates the elegance through imperfection created by that of nature.

VM Zinc Substrate

Area 1

ABPL20033 Construction Analysis Lake Wendouree Residence Flipbook Section 3D: Layers of Information

Special Note Many thanks to my tutor Madina Zhazylbekova for the semester and creating an accepting classroom environment, also for answering every question in such a lovely and positive manner!

Reference List 1.

Boral, “Envirocrete Brochure”, 2020, https://www.boral.com.au/products/concrete/advanced/envirocrete.

2.

MiTek, “PosiStrut Brochure”, 2020, http://www.mitek.com.au/Products/Structural/PosiStrut/.

3.

Aneeta Window Systems, “2 Pane 10mm Sashless Double Hung in Aluminium Frames”, published 2013, http://aneetawindows.com.au/download.asp.

4.

Viridian Glass, “Thermotech”, 2019, https://www.viridianglass.com/products/energy-efficiency/thermotech/.

5.

ACO Drain, “General Purpose Trench Drains”, published 2014, https://www.acodrain.com.au/products/klassikdrain-removable-grates/.

6.

Lysaght, “Flashing Guide”, Lysaght, published 2012, https://professionals.lysaght.com/sites/default/files/ saghtArchitecturalDetailingManualRoofWallFlashingJune2016.pdf.

7.

Architectural Glass Projects, “Fineline-XT Operable Glass Facade System, published 2010, https://issuu.com/agp1/docs/agp-fineline-xt-series.

8.

VM Zinc, “Single Lock Standing Seam - Specification of Details”, published 2016, https://www.vmzinc.com/accessories-and-flashings.html.

9.

Victorian Building Authority, “Overflow Provision for Box Gutters”, published 2012, https://www.vba.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98447/ PlumbingFactSheet-Overflow-provisions-for-box-gutters.pdf

10.

DPP Hydronic Heating, “Brugman Compact 4”, 2020, https://dpphydronics.com.au/standard-radiator-panels/.

11.

Pyrotek, “Soundlag”, published 2016, https://www.pyroteknc.com/products/soundlag/soundlag-4525c/.

12.

Greenheat, “Hydronic Underfloor Heating”, published 2020, https://www.greenheat.com.au/floor-coil-heating.

13.

Global Plastic Sheeting, “Enkamat”, accessed 21st October 2020, https://www.environmental-expert.com/products%20/ enkamat-model-7008-7010-roof-underlayment-105431 ABPL20033 - 2020, Nathan Arceri | 995296 |Tutorial 8 | Madina Zhazylbekova | p. 8