City of Columbus Vacant Lots Restoration Pilot Program nDc
EDITION II I
DRAFT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SCOPE OF PROJECT -PAGE 2-
CURRENT CONDITIONS
TEMPLATES -PAGE 3-
GENERIC AND CUSTOM TEMPLATES
SPECIFICATIONS -PAGES 4-18-
WILDFLOWER AND MOWED BORDER SHORT GRASS AND MOWED BORDER BASIC TREE PLANTING SCREEN PLANTING FENCING ORCHARD NEIGHBORHOOD NURSERY FOOD TRUCK COMMUNITY PARK FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
EXAMPLES
SCOPE OF PROJECT To create a series of templates for the City of Columbus, aimed at reducing costs and maintenance on vacant lots while providing aesthe•cs and ac•ve spaces for neighborhood residents to use. What follows are proposals for both generic and custom templates. Generic templates are able to be situated on any vacant proper•es without extensive specific site adapta•on. Seven generic schemes are proposed, each addressing condi•ons iden•fied by neighborhood stakeholders. Some generic templates may be combined based on par•cular lot condi•ons. Custom templates, because of size or prominence, are to be designed and tailored to selected proper•es deemed to carry a higher value for the neighborhood. Such lots will be custom designed as programmed by the Land Redevelopment Office. A successful blending of these templates across all vacant lots creates a complete neighborhood plan un•l such •me that those lots are redeveloped. Plant material recommenda•ons and installa•on advice have been collected from the City of Columbus Recrea•on and Parks Department and the Franklin County Soil and Water Conserva•on District.
current conditions Common exis•ng condi•ons currently found on a majority of sites.
-PAGES 19-21-
GENERIC TEMPLATE RENDERINGS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -PAGE 22-
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Note: Lot dimensions approximately 30’ x 130’ on average.
TEMPLATES generic templates
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custom templates
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Custom templates designed to the specific context of one site in a neighborhood.
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WILDFLOWERS The Wildflower template features a dense plan•ng arrangement of wild flowers with a mowed edge around the flowers. The object of this scheme is to cover a majority of the vacant lot with maintenance-free grasses and wild flowers. The aesthe•c provided by the wildflowers enriches the neighborhood, and is easily turned under once the property is ready for redevelopment. Maintenance on the lawn perimeter will keep the wildflowers framed only in the center square. This is a low-cost effec•ve method that absorbs a majority of the lot with an array of wild flowers. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot.
SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: Wildflower species: - Rudbeckia hirta - Echinacea purpurea - Monarda fistulosa - Coreopsis lanceolata - Liatris pychnostachya - Aster novae-angliae - Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - Chamaecrista fasciculata - Tradescan•a ohioensis - Penstemon digitalis - Tridens flavus - Festuca ovina - Schizachryrium scoparium *Limit mature plant height to 12” 2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Strip wildflower area of all exis•ng growth
- Till the soil 12” deep and rake the top of the area flat - Depending on exis•ng soil condi•ons other matrials my be required to aerate clay soil 3. Execu•on: - Spring (a#er last hard frost), summer, and fall are all wildflower plan•ng •mes - Plant 1 gallon or larger size plants in groupings for fuller appearance - Seed in grass, and rake gently into soil - Lightly compress the seeds into the soil, making sure not to bury them. - Plant a few mature plants at first plan•ng to fill in area while seed grow in
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4. Maintenance: -Water weekly, so that the soil is moist, not soaking wet, un•l the seedlings are about 4-6” tall. A#er that, the seedlings should survive on natural rains. - Regular mowing of lawn perimeter, to maintain 3 foot wide flower bed - Once yearly, in spring mow whole area of wildflowers with a weed trimmer, or mower on the highest se$ng -When second spring arrive, look for empty areas, and spot clear and replant per instruc•ons above.
BASIC GRASSES The Basic Grasses scheme features a dense plan•ng arrangement of low- or no-mow grasses with a mowed border. The object of this scheme is to cover a majority of the vacant lot with maintenance-free grasses. The grasses create a basic ground cover with simple aesthe•cs, and is easily turned under once the property is ready for redevelopment. Maintenance on the lawn perimeter will keep the taller grasses framed only in the center square. This is a low-cost effec•ve method that absorbs a majority of the lot with an array of grass type plants. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot.
SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Prairie Nursery’s No mow Grass Mix 2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Strip grass area of all exis•ng growth - Till the soil 12” deep and rake the top of the area flat - Eradicate turf with Glyphosate herbicide 3. Execu•on: - September evenings are the best plan•ng •mes - Seed in grass, and rake gently into soil - Lightly compress the seeds into the soil, making sure not to bury them. 4. Maintenance: - Water weekly, so that the soil is moist, not soaking wet, un•l the seedlings are about 4-6” tall. A"er that, the seedlings should survive on natural rains. - Regular mowing of exis•ng 60” lawn perimeter - Mow high 6”-8”, 6-8 •mes during the first year, - A"er the first year mow only 2-4 •mes or as needed for weed control. -When second spring arrive, look for empty areas, and spot clear and reseed per instruc•ons above.
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BASIC TREE PLANTINGS A cost effec•ve method for improving a lot, the Basic Plan•ng is meant to cover a lot with a few selected plan•ngs that beau•fy the lot with minimal invasion. The plan•ngs are to be short-term, fast growing species that are easily removed when future development starts. The flexibility of this op•on is the feature, with a few plan•ngs capable of being arranged in a variety of layouts, or accen•ng features that make each lot unique. The increased area used by these plan•ngs will cut down on maintenance •me and costs. Minimal costs and variety of arrangement are what make the Basic Plan•ng Scheme so effec•ve for low targeted lots. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot. Lots that will ul•mately recieve houses and/or garages may have trees planted in front of residen•al setbacks or beside an•cipated garages off alleys.
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SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Acer rubrum - Cornus florida ‘var. rubra’ - Acer saccharum - Ilex glabra
- Crataegus phaenopyrum - Cercis canadensis - Hydrangea quercifolia - Rhododendron catawbiense
2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Soil tes•ng done in the fall before plan•ng to determine remedia•on needed to support trees - Subsoiling if needed before plan•ng trees 3. Execu•on: - Trees and shrubs should be planted in the fall a•er they have become dormant (about early November) or in the spring before new growth appears (around late March) - Plant as close as 15-20’ apart - Dig the hole a li•le deeper than the root is tall and make it wide enough to accommodate the longest roots without bending. - Loosen the sides of the hole. - Backfill with na•ve or slightly amended soil un•l the bo•om of the hole is at the right plan•ng depth for the tree. The root flare should be 1-2” above the ground. - Prune off any broken, ro•ed or twisted roots, making a clean cut. - Posi•on the tree, spread the roots and refill the hole, tamping the soil around the roots as you go. - Water thoroughly with 10 to 20 gallons of water to the root ball and surrounding soil, in order to finish se•ling the soil around the roots. Usually, no further water is necessary un•l there is new growth of several inches. - Add 6-8” mulch cover a•er plan•ng trees. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed. 4. Maintenance: - Prune out any dead or diseased branches,and branches that cross and rub against one another. Prune most summerflowering shrubs in late fall, winter, or early spring. - Water weekly with an inch or so of water a week the first year or two to help them become established, a•er that water weekly in •mes of drought
SCREEN TREE PLANTINGS The Plan•ng Screen Scheme is similar to the Basic Plan•ng Scheme, but with a more specific purpose: to improve the vista onto neighboring lots. Some neighboring buildings or proper•es have fallen into disrepair, and the Plan•ng Screen Scheme is successful at hiding the blemishes and beau•fying the vacant lot. This purpose also requires specific types of plan•ngs that cover a wider area and wall off any undesirable features off the lot. Once again, these are short-term plan•ngs that will grow quickly and be removed upon development. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot.
SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Viburnum dentatum - Cornus baleyii - Viburnum lentago - Thuja occidentalis - Cornus serecia - Juniperus virginiana - Euonymous atropurpurea 2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Soil tes•ng done in the fall before plan•ng to determine remedia•on needed to support trees - Subsoiling if needed before plan•ng trees 3. Execu•on: - Plan•ngs only cover unsightly objects. - Plant minimum 10’ away from buildings, sidewalks, and driveways to ensure not to damage any structure or encroach on neighboring proper•es with plan•ngs - Plant as close as 10’ apart - Dig the hole a li!le deeper than the root is tall and make it wide enough to accommodate the long roots without bending. - Loosen the sides of the hole. - Backfill with na•ve or slightly amended soil un•l the bo!om of the hole is at the right plan•ng depth for the tree. The root flare should be 1-2” above the ground. - Prune off any broken, ro!ed or twisted roots, making a clean cut. - Posi•on the tree, spread the roots and refill the hole, tamping the soil around the roots as you go. - Water thoroughly with 10 to 20 gallons of water to the root ball and surrounding soil, in order to finish se!ling the soil around the roots. Usually, no further water is necessary un•l there is new growth of several inches. - Add 6-8” mulch cover a#er plan•ng trees. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed. 4. Maintenance: - Prune any wayward stems that block pathways, driveways, or grow into the side of a house or other structures - Prune out any dead or diseased branches and branches that cross and rub against one another. Prune most summer flowering shrubs in late fall, winter, or early spring. - Water weekly with an inch or so of water a week the first year or two to help them become established, a#er that water weekly in •mes of drought
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SPECIFICATIONS
FENCING The Fencing Scheme is a concept for a branding of Columbus’ vacant lots, with focus on cost effec•ve materials that hold a climbing plant. The fencing acts as both a visual and physical barrier to encourage non-use of the lots, and comes in both short and tall varia•ons for taste. The simple wood and steel cable materials are durable and sturdy enough to last un•l they are removed. The more lots containing this scheme, the stronger the brand becomes for beau•fied vacant lots. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot. REFELCTOR TO BE PLACED ON ALL STREET/ALLEY FACING SIDES OF EVERY POST
LOOP CABLES THROUGH A PRE-DRILLED 1” HOLE THROUGH GROUND POSTS AND FENCE POSTS
3’- 6” ABOVE GROUND TYP. CLIENT OPTION FOR ADDITIONAL CABLES
1’ ABOVE GROUND TYP.
2’ BELOW GROUND TYP. 2’- 6” BELOW GROUND TYP. 6”X6” TREATED WOODEN POSTS
4’ o.c. typ.
1. Plan•ngs: - Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Lonicera dioica - Campis radicans - Aristolochia durior - Clema•s virginiana - Rosa carolina 2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Need 6” x 6” x 12’ wooden posts for tall fencing posts - Need 6” x 6” x 8’ wooden posts for short fencing posts - Need 3/8” galvanized steel cable for fencing rails - Required length will vary based on lot width 3. Execu•on: -Fencing- Set end posts located at one end of the lot and the other, 6’ away from the opposite end of the lot. - Dig your post holes deep enough to support the fence structure 30 inches is a median depth for the post holes. - Tall Fencing should be 8’ from ground to top of post - Short Fencing should be 3’ from ground to top of post 3’- 6” ABOVE GROUND TYP. - Place the end posts in the holes, and fill in around the posts with dirt or gravel, packing it as you do. - Check the post for “plumb” before they are completely CONTINUE FENCING FOR filled and packed, and adjust as needed. SPECIFIED LENGTH ON SITE PLANS - Lay out the post holes between the end posts as per spec diagrams (le!) GROUND LEVEL - Set the remaining posts and plumb them as you go. - Pack the backfill around all of the posts firmly. - Use Helix Ground Screw Anchors to a"ach steel cable to ground 2’- 6” BELOW GROUND TYP. - 3’-6” o.c. for both schemes - Do not place ground screw where fence posts are already present
4’ o.c. typ.
PRE-DRILLED 1” HOLE
1” LOOP CABLES THROUGH A 1” PRE-DRILLED 1” HOLE
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B
1”
GROUND POST DETAIL
1”
-Plan ng- Dig out a plan•ng hole about twice the size of the root ball and half as deep, located where steel cable is a"ached to the ground - Plant far enough from fence, to ensure the climber gets plenty of moisture, and deep enough so the top of the root ball is at the same level as the top of the soil - Fill around the roots with soil and firm with your foot. - Water well and mulch - Spread out stems and •e to the steel cable with garden twine. 4. Maintenance: - Plants must be trained to each steel cable - Plants must be pruned according to fence shape - Water well for the first few months a!er plan•ng and ensure it doesn’t dry out in sunny weather.
ORCHARD The Orchard Scheme is similar to the Neighborhood Nursery, however these trees bear fruit. The Orchard is a bosque of trees that provide food for the neighborhood. These trees remain on the lot, and are removed upon development. The fruit is free to gather by the community, however will also increase maintenance. These trees will provide both aesthe•c and func•on. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot.
SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Apple (Malus) Varie•es - Fruit Trees (Blackberry, Elderberry, Serviceberry) - Nut Trees (Walnut, Hickory, American hazelnut, or Beech) - Asimina triloba - Prunus virginiana ‘Canada Red Select’
2: Prepara•on:
- Remove debris and rocks from area - Subsoiling if needed before plan•ng trees 3. Execu•on: - Trees are to be planted in rows 10’ apart on center - In each row trees should be spaced 10-12’ apart on center - Dig a hole deeper than the root is tall and make it wide enough to accommodate the roots without bending. - Loosen the sides of the hole. - Backfill with soil un•l the bo•om of the hole is at the right plan•ng depth for the tree. Root flare should be 1-2” above ground level. - Prune off broken, ro•ed or twisted roots, with a clean cut. - Posi•on the tree, spread the roots and refill the hole, tamping the soil around the roots as you go. - Water thoroughly with 10 to 20 gallons of water to the root ball and surrounding soil, in order to finish se•ling the soil around the roots. Usually, no further water is necessary un•l there is new growth of several inches. - Add 6-8” mulch cover a•er plan•ng trees. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed. 4. Maintenance: - Chemical and hand weeding - Educa•on and training programs for maintenance techniques - Fruit trees may be cut back at plan•ng •me to a height as low as 15-20 inches. Any remaining side limbs should be cut back to one or two buds. Larger trees may be cut above exis•ng well-placed low limbs, or may be cut back low to force new, lower limbs. - Pruning and plan•ng should occur in the winter, mulching setup in early spring, fruit thinning in the mid-spring, harves•ng in the summer. - Water weekly with an inch or so of water a week for the first year or two to help become established, a•er that water weekly in •mes of drought
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NEIGHBORHOOD NURSERY The Neighborhood Nursery Scheme is the first ac•ve scheme for use. The concept behind the Neighborhood Nursery is to provide the neighborhood it is situated in with trees given out at specific •mes. Here saplings are grown for a few years un•l transplan•ng them is possible, then a structured event invites the neighborhood to come acquire a tree for their own private property. The trees are planted in rows, which will be maintained along with the rest of the lot in its usual fashion. The Neighborhood Nursery is easily disbanded when the site gets developed, those trees are given away and simply not replaced. This is a generic template able to be used on any lot.
SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Gleditsia triacanthos - Gymnocladus diecious - Tilia americana - Acer freemanii - Liriodendron tulipifera - Cercis canadensis - Crab Apple cul•vars 2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Soil tes•ng to determine remedia•on needed to support trees - Subsoiling before plan•ng trees - Create a 6-12” high raised plan•ng area mound or berm at least 2 ½ feet in diameter, a 10 to 12-inch mound or berm should be at least 3-4 feet wide. (Mounds should have as gentle a slope as possible to minimize erosion) 3. Execu•on: - Rows should be spaced 10 feet apart on center - Trees should be spaced 4’ apart on center - Saplings planted at 45 degree rows - 6-8” mulch cover a•er plan•ng trees. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed. 4. Maintenance: - Rows need to be root pruned every fall, 1/4 if the roots to be cut - Water weekly - Chemical and hand weeding - Till rows and remove clods by hand - Mow between rows
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CUSTOM TEMPLATES
FOOD TRUCK The Food Truck Scheme is a concept to a•ract people onto the site as a place for lunch. A food truck can be parked in a situated gravel area on the site with space for people to gather and eat provided elsewhere. This scheme provides both ac•ve and passive engagement, allowing for a nice park space when food trucks are not being used. The maintenance is reduced by plan•ngs and truck space, and use is discon•nued when the lot is developed. This is a custom template, meant for appropriate use wherever deemed appropriate.
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20’
20’
Concrete Pad
SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Acer rubrum - Cornus florida ‘var. rubra’ - Acer saccharum - Ilex glabra
- Crataegus phaenopyrum - Cercis canadensis - Hydrangea quercifolia - Rhododendron catawbiense
2: Prepara•on: -Tree Plan•ng- Remove debris and rocks from area - Soil tes•ng done in the fall before plan•ng to determine remedia•on needed to support trees - Subsoiling if needed before plan•ng trees -Groundcover- Remove any useful sod for use elsewhere - Dig up or kill any exis•ng vegeta•on, especially weeds, using a herbicide or by covering the area with a heavy black plas•c for at least two months. -Paving-Level and contour the en•re work area -Tamp the contoured dirt base -Pour on your aggregate (gravel) a few inches at a •me, tamp, and repeat un•l you have a completed pad that is 8-10 inches thick and contoured properly for drainage.
3. Execu•on: -Tree Plan•ng- Plant trees as close as 15-20’ apart - Dig a hole a li"le deeper than the root is tall and make it wide enough to accommodate the longest roots without bending. - Loosen the sides of the hole. - Backfill with na•ve or slightly amended soil un•l the bo"om of the hole is at the right plan•ng depth for the tree(The root flare should be 1-2” above the ground.) - Prune off any broken or twisted roots, making a clean cut. - Posi•on the tree, spread the roots and refill the hole, tamping the soil around the roots as you go. - Water thoroughly with 10 to 20 gallons of water to the root ball and surrounding soil in order to finish se"ling the soil around the roots. Usually, no further water is necessary un•l there is new growth of several inches. - Add 6-8” mulch cover a%er plan•ng tree. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed. -Paving- Apply between 4 and 6 inches of hot-mix paving on the soil to designate where the taco truck will be located -Groundcover- Apply 4 inches of mulch to remaining groundcover 4. Maintenance: -Trees- Prune out any dead or diseased branches,and branches that cross and rub against one another. Prune most summer-flowering shrubs in late fall, winter, or early spring. -Water weekly with an inch or so of water a week the first year or two to help establish them, a%er that water weekly only in •mes of drought. -Groundcover- Each season rake the mulch bed and check the depth. Top dress if needed, do not add mulch if there is a sufficient layer in place.
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COMMUNITY PARK The Community Arts Scheme is a space for people to gather in. Here is provided an area for the neighborhood to showcase its talent and artwork for others, with sculptures or outdoor galleries. The lot will be fi•ed with other aesthe•cs as well so as to remain an a•rac•on when there is no artwork or has been dormant for some •me. This scheme will require minimal maintenance and is more appropriate as a long term community lot since people engage on this site. Use is discon•nued when development occurs. This is a custom template, meant for appropriate use wherever deemed appropriate.
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SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Acer rubrum - Crataegus phaenopyrum - Cornus florida ‘var. rubra’ - Cercis canadensis - Acer saccharum - Hydrangea quercifolia - Ilex glabra - Rhododendron catawbiense - Gleditsia triacanthos (for shade plan•ngs) 2: Prepara•on: - Remove debris and rocks from area - Soil tes•ng done in the fall before plan•ng to determine remedia•on needed to support trees - Subsoiling if needed before plan•ng trees
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4. Maintenance: -Trees- Prune out any dead or diseased branches,and branches that cross and rub against one another. Prune most summer-flowering shrubs in late fall, winter, or early spring. - Water weekly with an inch or so of water a week the first year or two to help them become established, a%er that water weekly only in •mes of drought. -Groundcover- Each season rake the mulch bed and check the depth. Top dress if needed, do not add mulch if there is a sufficient layer in place.
-Groundcover- Remove any useful sod for use elsewhere - Dig up or kill any exis•ng vegeta•on, especially weeds, using a herbicide or by covering the area with a heavy black plas•c for least two months.
3. Execu•on: -Tree Plan!ng- Plant trees as close as 15-20’ apart - Dig a hole a li"le deeper than the root is tall and make it wide enough to accommodate the longest roots without bending. - Loosen the sides of the hole. - Backfill with na•ve or slightly amended soil un•l the bo"om of the hole is at the right plan•ng depth for the tree(The root flare should be 1-2” above the ground.) - Prune off any broken or twisted roots, making a clean cut. - Posi•on the tree, spread the roots and refill the hole, tamping the soil around the roots as you go. - Water thoroughly with 10 to 20 gallons of water to the root ball and surrounding soil in order to finish se"ling the soil around the roots. Usually, no further water is necessary un•l there is new growth of several inches. - Add 6-8” mulch cover a%er plan•ng trees. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed. -Groundcover- Apply 4 inches of mulch to remaining groundcover
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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT The Future Development template is a vacant lot design that allows for future development to take place on the property without removing the vacant lot programming. By plan•ng the template into what will become the front yard of any future development, the need for removal is no longer necessary once the lot is developed again. Construc•on access off of the back alley is allowed for, with no vacant lot restora•on permi•ed inside the future construc•on zones. Front accsess off of the main road is also considered, so that once a building is placed on the property access to the front door is s•ll possible. This is a custom template, meant for appropriate use wherever deemed appropriate.
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SPECIFICATIONS 1. Plan•ngs: - Acer rubrum - Crataegus phaenopyrum - Cornus florida ‘var. rubra’ - Cercis canadensis - Acer saccharum - Hydrangea quercifolia - Ilex glabra - Rhododendron catawbiense - Fruit Trees (Pawpaw, Blackberry, Elderberry, Serviceberry) - Nut Trees (Walnut, Hickory, American hazelnut, or Beech)
4. Maintenance: - Prune out any dead or diseased branches,and branches that cross and rub against one another. Prune most summerflowering shrubs in late fall, winter, or early spring. - Water weekly with an inch or so of water a week the first year or two to help them become established, a"er that water weekly in •mes of drought
2: Prepara•on: - Ensure plan•ng area is dedicated to front yard only - Remove debris and rocks from area - Soil tes•ng done in the fall before plan•ng to determine remedia•on needed to support trees - Subsoiling if needed before plan•ng trees 3. Execu•on: - Trees and shrubs should be planted in the fall a"er they have become dormant (about early November) or in the spring before new growth appears (around late March) - Plant as close as 15-20’ apart - Dig the hole a li#le deeper than the root is tall and make it wide enough to accommodate the longest roots without bending. - Loosen the sides of the hole. - Backfill with na•ve or slightly amended soil un•l the bo#om of the hole is at the right plan•ng depth for the tree. The root flare should be 1-2” above the ground. - Prune off any broken, ro#ed or twisted roots, making a clean cut. - Posi•on the tree, spread the roots and refill the hole, tamping the soil around the roots as you go. - Water thoroughly with 10 to 20 gallons of water to the root ball and surrounding soil, in order to finish se#ling the soil around the roots. Usually, no further water is necessary un•l there is new growth of several inches. - Add 6-8” mulch cover a"er plan•ng trees. If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown are exposed.
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EXAMPLES
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS John Turner Reza Reyazi
The City of Columbus Landbank Redevelopment Office
Joseph Sulak Chad Hoff
The City of Columbus Department of Forestry
David Reu•er
Franklin Soil and Water Conserva•on District
donna Hicho Jeffrey Mohrman Eric Skidmore
Linden Neighborhood Leader Franklinton Development Corpora•on
Courtney Rowland
Central Community House
Margaret Madison
Church for All People
(Main Street)
(Parsons Avenue)
Book Created by Nathaniel Carvin with Jordan Neff-Estle
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