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Udmurt for beg1nners

IlymTpocaa / Co,n;epmaune / Contents

fa:>KaHO 3III'beC! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .IJ:oporHe APY3bH! Foreword BBeAeHHe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 OcHOBHbie cBeAeHHH 06 YAMYPTCKOM H3bIKe Introduction Basic information on the Udmurt language

1-Tii ypOK ....•••.••.........•••...•......•••.••.•.•..•...•••.•.•.•....••......• 18 MypT'beM HHMBOIIIToc'bec. KapoHKhlJI'bec. A.rm AhlP Jlwrnbie MecTOHMeHHH. fJiaroJibI. CnpHmeHHe rJiaroJioB B HaCTOHIIWM BpeMeHH Personal Pronouns. Verbs. The Present Tense

2-TH ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . . .23 MaKeHHMJiaH Tpoc JibIAbI3. lIHThlHH n~em. HttM6ep'bec MHomecTBeHHoe '!HCJIO cy~eCTBHTeJibHbIX. MecTHbIH naAe:>K. IIocJieJiorH The Plural of the Noun. The lnessive Case. Postpositions 3-TH ypOK •.....•...........•..••••.•......••...•••....••...••••..•••••...••...• 28 JlbIAHHM'beC qHCJIHTeJibHbie Numerals 4-TH ypOK ...•••..•••..............•••...•.•.•••••....•..•••................••.. 33 Bo3bMaToH naAem. Ac'bHH KbIJIIIYKTOC'bec PoAHTeJibHbIH naAe:>K. IIpttTH:>KaTeJibHbie KOHCTPYKU:HH The Genitive Case. Possessive Constructions 5-TH ypOK ...••••..••........•.....•....••••.••••......................•......•. 38 CeToH naAem. MoAaJibHocTea B03bMaToH aMaJI'bec .IJ:aTeJibHbIH naAe:>K. Bb1pameHHH MOAaJibHOCTH The Dative Case. Means of expressing modality 6-TH ypOK ....••..••....••.••••...••...•..•..•.•....••••••....••.....••...••...• 44 IlbipOH IIaAe:>K. IloTOH n~e:>K BXOAHbIH H HCXOAHbIH IIaAe:>KH The Illative Case. The Elative Case 7-TH ypOK •••..............••.........••............•.......••••.•••.•........•• 49 ToAMO opT'!eM Abip IIepBoe npoIIIeAIIIee BpeMH The Past Tense I (Preterite 1)

3

8-Tii ypoK . . . . . . . . . . . , , . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 ByoHo ,ZJ;blp By.D;y~ee BpeM.a The Future Tense 9-TH ypoK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

lIHTbl rra,n;e.m'beCbIH aC'b.flH KbIJIIIYKTOC'beC MecTHble rra,n;e.mH (rrpHT.a.maTeJibHble KOHCTpyKIJ;HH) Possessive Constructions with the Inessive, Illative and Elative Cases 10-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 A,zi;iio H rr a,n;e.m BHHHTeJihHblH rra,ZJ;e.m The Accusative Case 11-Tii ypoK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 KocoH C.flMJiblK IloBeJIHTeJibHOe HaKJIOHeHHe The Imperative Mood 12-Tii ypoK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 JfacbTOH rra,n;e.m TBopHTeJihHbIH rra,n;e.m The Instrumental Case 13-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , . , , , , .. , , . , . . . . . . 78 KeJibTOH rra,n;e.m JIHIIIHTeJibHbIH rra,n;e.m The Abessive Case 14-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , , , , , . , , , , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . , , ... 83 JlyOH'b.fl C.flMJiblK CocJiaraTeJihHOe HaKJIOHeHHe The Subjunctive Mood 15-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . . . . . . 88 JllOKOH rra,n;e.m Paa,ZJ;eJIHTeJibHblH rra,ZJ;e.m The Ablative Case 16-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . , , , , , , , , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , . 93 Kapoac.aM ,IJ;eerrpH'!aCTHe The Adverbial Participal 17 -Tii ypoK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ... , , ..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 KapbITOH Kycblrr. iloIIIaToH rroJiac'hec IloHy.D;HTeJihHhIH aanor. CTerreHH cpaBHeHH.fl The Factitive (Causative) Mood. The Degrees of Comparison 18-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ... , , , , , . , , , .. , , , . , , . . . . . 103 TyrraH rra,n;e.m. KapoHHHM'bec CooTBeTCTBeHHblH rra,n;e.m. IlpH'IaCTH.fl The Adverbial-Positive Case. The Participle

4

19-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 KomKOH rra,n;em. ByoH rra,n;em. OpTtIOH rra,n;em. MarnKTOH rra,n;em 0T,D;a.JIHTeJihHhIH, rrpe,n;eJihHhIH, rrepexo,n;HhlH, HarrpaBHTeJihHhlH rra,n;emH The Egressive Case. The Terminative Case. The Prolative Case. The Approximative Case

20-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 To,n;MoTSM opTtieM ,n;i.1p BTopoe rrpome,n;mee BpeMJI The Past Tense II (Preterite 2)

21-Tii ypoK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , , , .. , .. , , . , , . , . , . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 :ffi'.HHrhlpTSM KoTi.Ky Me,n; rrHmTo3 «lliyH,n;i.1» 3aM6HJI HO 3JIM6aif (MapHJI lliHXOBa) KHH co cTy,n;eHT? (JlapHca OpexOBa) «MOH ... » (TaThJIHa IlaHTeJieeBa) «MoTOIJ;HKJIS3 ,n;ophlChThlM rroTThlca .•. » (.D:MHTpHif Ka6aHoB) «Tym yHo ... » (TaThJIHa IlpoKorri.eBa)

22-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Y,n;MypTHJI Ho y,n;MypT'hec (B. BJia,n;hlKHH'hJI) Y,n;MypT 8Jii.KyHJisH KYH To,n;MeTJI1.1K'heci.rn

23-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , . , , , , .. , , . , . , , , .. , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Y,n;MypTHhlci. Kap'hec TapTyhlci. TO,!l;MOTSM TO,n;Moe (CBeTJiaHa JI106HMOBa)

24-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Ma co ci.r<ie STHorpact>HJI? Y,n;MypT IOMmaH'hec (rrpa3,n;HHK'hec; JI. XpHcToJI1060BaJI)

25-Tii ypOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Ky3e6aif I'ep,n; Aman:i.tIH 0KH Ki.rn'hec / CJioBHHK /Glossary .•...•.•...........................••...••...••••..••• 143 Y,n;MypT-iiyq-aHrJIH KhlJI6yrop •.........••...••••..••...••...•.......•.............. 154

y ,n;MypTCKO-pyccKO-aHrJIHHCKHH CJIOBapi.

U dmurt-R ussian-English Dictionary Syq-y,n;MypT KhlJI6yrop .•••••.•...•••....•......•..............•....•••.....•....• 185 PyccKo-y,n;MypTCKHH CJIOBapi.

AHrJIH-y,n;MypT KhIJI6yrop •...•......•......•••......•...•.......................•• 195 English-Udmurt Dictionary

5

BBep;euue

OCHOBHbIE CBE,ll;EHH.H OB Y,ll;MYPTCKOM .H3hIKE Y,n;MypTCKMii H3blK BMeCTe c KOMM M KOMM-IIepMHD;KMM OTHOCMTCH K IIepMCKMM H3bIKaM <f>MHHo-yropcKoii rpyIIIIbl ypaJibCKOii ceMbM H3bIKOB. B IIOCJie,n;HIOIO BX0,11;.HT TaKme BeHrepcKMii, <f>MHCKMii, :3CTOHCKMii, MOp,n;OBCKMii, MapMiiCKMii, xaHTbliiCKMii M HeKOTOpbie ,n;pyrMe H3bIKM. XapaKTepHbIMM 1:1epTaMM y,n;MypTcKoro H3bIKa HBJIHIOTcH: -

HaJIMl:IMe oco6oii KaTeropMM IIpMT.HmaTeJibHOCTM y cyru;eCTBMTeJibHbIX, yKa3bIBa-

roru;eii Ha IIPMHa,n;JiemHOCTb ,n;aHHOro IIpe,n;MeTa KaKOMY-JIM60 JIMD;Y MJIM IIpe,n;MeTy; -

y,n;apeHMe, 3a He60JibIIIMM MCKJIIOl:J:eHMeM, IIa,n;aeT Ha IIOCJie,n;HMii CJior;

-

OTCYTCTBMe rpaMMaTMl:leCKOii KaTeropMM po,n;a;

-

CTel:leHMe corJiaCHbIX BCTpe1:1aeTCH o6bll:IHO TOJibKO B cepe,n;MHe CJIOBa (Mem,n;y

CJIOraMM); -

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HbIX 3BYKOB. B MCKOHHbIX CJIOBax BCTpe1:1aeTCH 3''

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ii, K, JI, JI'' M, H, H'' II, p, c, c'' T, T'' 1:1,

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corJiaCHblX [6, B, r, ,n;, ,n;''

III]; 3BYKM [x,

CH JIMIIIb B 3aMMCTBOBaHHblX CJIOBax, HaIIp.: XUMUR,

<t>, :a;,

corJiac-

m,

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3,

ru;] YIIOTpe6JI.HIOT-

<jJa6pwca, nunu,.em, w,um.

rJiaCHlde 3BYJtH rJiaCHbie [M, O, y, :3] IIpOM3HOCHTCH IIpMMepHO TaK

me,

KaK MB pyCCKOM H3bIKe, HO

c MeHbIIIMM HaIIp.HmeHMeM opraHoB pe1:1M; 3BYKM [a, hl] 6oJiee 3a,n;Hero o6pa3oBaHMH, 1:1eM COOTBeTCTByIOru;Me pyCCKMe 3BYKM. Y,n;MypTCKMii [bl] B OTJIMl:J:Me OT pyccKoro MO-

12

:meT CTO.HTb B HatiaJie CJIOBa, a TaKme IlOCJie M.HI'KHX H IIIHil.HID;HX COI'JiaCHblX, Hanp.:

btM « poT », 1COJlbbl « raJibKa, KaMeIIIeK )>, 1lbtpc

«KHCJiblM )>.

Bo Bcex cJiyqaax 3TOT 3BYK

npOH3HOCHTC.H O,D;HHaKOBO KaK [bl] (He [H]).

IlpH npOH3HOIIIeHHH 3ByKa [6], OTCYTCTByroru;ero B pycCKOM .H3bIKe, ry6bl Haxo,D;.HTC.H npHMepHO B TaKOM

me

IlOJIO:iKeHHH' KaK npH npOH3HOIIIeHHH [ 3]' HO HeMHOI'O

080Jl

BblT .HHYTbl; CilHHKa .H3b1Ka OTXO,D;HT Ha3a,D;' Hanp. :

« HeT )) • 3ByK' 6JIH3KHM K [ 6]'

06b1tIHO npoH3HOC.HT, Ha3bIBa.H 6yKBbl pyccKoro ampaBHTa: [63, B3, r3, .D;3 ••• ] -

[66, Bo,

ro, ,n;o]. rJiaCHbie B y,n;MypTCKOM .H3b1Ke He IlO,D;BepralOTC.H Il03HD;HOHHblM H3MeHeHH.HM, B y,n;apHOM H 6e3y,n;apHOM

cJiorax

npoH3HOC.HTC.H

npHMepHo o,n;HHaKoBo. EcJIH B cJioBe

MOJl01CO Bee TPH 3ByKa, o6o3HatieHHbie 6yKBOM o, npOH3HOC.HTC.H no-pa3HOMy, TO B CJIOBe OC1C01i0 «Ha,n;emHblH, BepHblH))' I'JiaCHbie npOH3HOC.HTC.H O,D;HHaKOBO tieTKO.

rJiaCBhle 6yitBhl B Y.D;MYPTCKOM aJicpaBHTe

12

I'JiaCHblX 6yKB:

a,

e, e, U, ii, 0,

0, y,

bl, 3, 10, Jl. ByKBa ii

( «TOtIKaeH H)> «H c TOtIKaMH») BBe,n;eHa ,D;JI.H o603HatieHH.H TBep,n;oro npOH3HOIIIeHH.H coI'JiaCHblX

d,

3,

Jl, 1i, C,

m,

KOTOpble nepe,n; [H] H [3] B OTJIHtIHe OT pyCCKOI'O .H3b1Ka MOI'YT

6b1Tb TBep,D;blMH, Hanp.: odiie [o,n;Hr] «O,D;HH)> «ITJiaCT)) -

wedu3 [III3,D;'H3] «OH nonaJIC.H)>, cii [cH]

cu [c'H] «CTpyHa; eIIIb)) H T. ,n;. HeJib3.H npOH3HOCHTb

I'O MeH.HeTC.H CMbICJI CJIOBa, Hanp.: miip «TOITOP» «THP». ByKBa

ii

ii

KaK 3BYK [bl]: OT 3TO-

mbtp «HaKJia,D;bIBali; CbITblH)> -

THP

ynoTpe6JI.HeTc.H TOJibKO nocJie TBep,n;bIX corJiaCHbIX ,n;, 3, JI, H, c, T, nocJie

OCTaJibHbIX COI'JiaCHblX IlHIIIeTC.H H: 6U1ibZ03bl «BO:iK:iKH))' ilCU1Cblm «aKKypaTHblH)> H T. ,n;.

ByKBa 3 nHIIIeTc.H nocJie TBep,n;b1x corJiaCHblX ,n;, 3, JI, H, c, T H B HatiaJie CJIOBa: 33M «npaB,n;a», Ke1i3M «KOHOITJI.H)>, 3Me3b «MaJIHHa».

ByKBbl e,

e,

IO, .H, o603HatialOru;He MOTHpOBaHHbie 3BYKH, npHMeH.HIOTC.H ,D;JI.H o6o-

3HatieHH.H M.HI'KOCTH [,n;', 3', JI', H', c', T']: Jl10K [JI'yK] «Kytia», cembl1ibl [c'OTblHbI] «,n;aTb, ,n;aBaTb)>. KpoMe Toro, B HatiaJie CJIOBa, a TaKme B cepe,n;HHe cJioBa nocJie rJiacHbIX H 'h, b 3HaKOB OHH ,n;aroT ,D;Ba 3ByKa: emiiH [li3THH] «JieH)>, Kbl3oec [Kbl3HOC] «eJIH, eJIKH)>, 10cbec [:H:yc':H:oc] «Jie6e,n;H».

CorJiacBLie

3BYKH

BoJibIIIHHCTBO corJiaCHbIX 3BYKOB y,n;MypTcKoro .H3b1Ka 6JIH3KH no npoH3HOIIIeHHIO K cooTBeTCTBYIOID;HM pyccKHM 3ByKaM. Cne:u;HcpHtIHblMH .HBJI.HIOTC.H acpcppHKaTbl

ii] -

[m, 3,

3TO 3BYKH, o6paayroru;HeC.H npH CJIHTHOM npoH3HOIIIeHHH .D;BYX COI'JiaCHblX, npH-

tieM o6a 3JieMeHTa npOH3HOC.HTC.H OtieHb KpaTKO. TBep,n;aa acp<}lpHKaTa

[.#<]

06pa3yeTC.H npH CJIHTHOM npoH3HOIIIeHHH [,n;] H [m] -

[,n;:m]: ilCOK «CTOJI)>.

MarKa.H acpcppHKaTa

[3] -

3BOHKHli BapHaHT pyccKoro [q] -

HOM npOH3HOIIIeHHH [,n;'] (,n;b) H [3'] (3b) TBep,n;aa acpcppHKaTa ( T] H (III] -

[ii] -

06pa3yeTc.H npH CJIHT-

[,n;'3'], Hanp.: 3"e1l «XOpOIIIHH, xopOIIIO».

3TO rJiyxo:H: BapHaHT

[.#<],

06pa3y10ru;Hlica npH CJIH.HHHH

( TIII ]: iiOJIC «YTKa».

B y,n;MypTCKOM .H3bIKe M.HI'KHMH napHblMH 3ByKaMH MoryT 6bITb TOJibKO [,n;', 3', JI', H'' c'' T'] (HM npoTHBOITOCTaBJieHbl TBep,D;bie [,n;, 3, JI, H, c, T]). 0HH npOH3HOC.HTC.H M.HI'qe, tieM COOTBeTCTBYIOID;He CM.HI'tieHHbie pyccKHe 3BYKH. Oco6eHHO M.HI'KO (HHatie IIIeneJI.HBO) npOH3HOC.HTC.H [3'] H [c']. Bee OCTaJibHbie COI'JiaCHbie, KpOMe M.HI'KHX acpcppHKaT

[3]

H [tI], Bcer,n;a TBep,D;bie. 3ByK [r] B CJIOBax eepa «y3eJI» H eopa «KpaCHblH», 3BYK

[M] B CJIOBax MUJlJlM «Halli» H Mbl1illM «MOH)> npOH3HOC.HTC.H IlOtITH O,D;HHaKOBO TBep,n;o.

13

1 (HLipLICeTii) ypoK MypT'LeM HHMBOmTOC'lteC. KapoHKldJI'lteC. Ann .IJ;ldp I .Jleq&Jde MeCTOHMeHHB. rnaroJlld. Crrp.a:ace&ue rnaronos B HacTo.a:m;eM speMeHn / Personal Pronouns. Verbs. The Present Tense

KHHTOH?

MoH Cepre:H CH,n;opoB. MoH y,n;MypT. MoH 3M'hHCh. MoH 3MTo,n;oc aKa,n;eMHblH ymacbKO.

HomTOHKHH?

MoH Ha,n;H YTKHHa. MOH y,n;MypT. MoH Kblp3acb.

MoH Capa XHHHHKHHHeH. MoH <t>HHH. MoH ,D;hIIIIeTHCh. MoH TypKy YHHBepCHTeTbIH ymachKO.

MoH IOpa AneKcaH,n;poB. MoH HO y,n;MypT. MoH ac1rnpaHT. MoH Y ,n;MypT YHHBepcHTeTblH ,D;bIIIIeTCKHCbKO. 18

MoH KyahMa. MOH KOii:bIIII.

MoH JleHa I.U;yKHHa. MoH3~.

MoH cTy,n;eHT. MOH YHHBepcHTeTblH ,D;blIIIeTCKHCbKO.

MoH llIIITBaH KoaMal!.

MoH Ma,ll;bHp. MoH ,D;hIIIIeTiich.

MoH Cere,n; YHHBepCHTeTbIH ymaCbKO.

MoH TaHH Ba:HcHTOBa. MoH y,n;MypT. MoH CTY,n;eHT. MoH 3MTo,n;oc aKa,n;eMHblH ,D;blIIIeTCKHCbKO.

-

3e-q6ypl MoH Ha.,u;H. YMoiil MoH lllliTBaH. ToH Ma,ZJ;b.Hp-a?

BeH, Ma,ZJ;b.Hp. Holli TOH? MoH y,n;MypT.

MoH y,n;MypT, 6Hrep, rrop, 3yq, qmHH, .HIIOH, y36eK, lliBe,n;, HeMe:o; •..

-

3e"tI6ypl MoH TaH.H. YMoiil MoH Cepreii.

ToH SM'b.HCb-a?

BeH, SM'b.HCb. Holli TOH? MoH ,ll;billieTCKliCb.

MoH SM'b.HCb, ,ll;billieT:iicb, Kbip3acb, ymacb, KbIJI6yp"tIH, aypHCbKliCb, HHmeHep, cype,n;acb, BY3Kaplicb, TaKCliCT ...

MoH Capa XHHHliK.HiiHeH. MoH qmHH. MoH aepacbKliCbKO qmHH C.HMeH.

MoH yr aepacbKHCbKbI 6Hrep C.HMeH. KoH.H Ke aepacbKHCbKO .HrroH c.HMeH. Y,n;MypT C.HMeH 3e-q rHHS aepacbKliCbKO liHli. HeMe:o; C.HMeH yMoii aepacbKliCbKO. <l>HHH C.HMeH Tym 3e-q aepaCbKliCbKO.

19

5 (BHTeTii) ypoK CeToB nap;ext. Mop;aJii.uocTe3 B03:&MaTOB aMaJI'Lec / .ll:aTeJI:&BMH nap;ext. BLipaxteBHH Mop;aJI:&BOCTH /The Dative Case. Means of expressing modality

MLIHaM 10aMe

noTa

BJiap;HK: Se'tlecb. Bo.m,n;sc SH Bae. IOaMe rroTs Ba.JI. .ll:MmeTiici.: IOa.lla YR. BJiap;HK: Y ,n;MypT KhIJIKypcbIH T:ii-a ,D;hillieT:iiCbKO,D;bI? ,n:i.1meTiici.: BeH, MOH. BJia,ll;HK: Mb1HaM y,n;MypT KhIJIJihI ,D;hillieTcKeMe IIOTS. Am:1 MOH HeMeu; HO cpHHH C.HMeH l'HHS BepachKHCbKO. Holli MOH TaTbIH, Y,n;MypTHhIH, yJI:iicbKO yK. CoHH MbIHbIM y,n;MypT C.HMeH HO BaJiaHhI KyJis. ry.meM MOH rypTbIH yJI:iiCbKO. TO,D;MOOCbl HO Slli'beCbl OTbIH - y,n;MypT'beC. MbIHaM HO y,n;MypT C.HMeH BepaChKeMe IIOTS. ,n:i.1meTiici.: BepacbKeM,D;hI rroTs Ke, T:iiJie,D;JihI Kypc'hecb1 BeTJibIHbl KYJIS. BJiap;HK: Holli KY T:iiJI.H,D; KYPCTbI KyTcKe? .ll:MmeTiici.: Co aJIH MhIHs HHH. IlyKceHs Ho rroK'tJHapH.He ,D;billieTCKHCbKOM. YpoK'hec mhIT 5 'tlaCS KYTCKO. BJiap;uK: Ty.m yMoli. Ky MhIHhIM JihIKToHo? .ll:MmeTiici.: Ky MbIJI,D;hI rroTs. BJiap;uK: MbIHaM aJIH HK MhIJihI rroTs • .ll:MmeTiici.: CoKy .llbtJCma ByoHo apH.He, rryKceHs. BJiap;uK: Ba,n;3hIM Tay! ,n:i.nneTiici.: TayHa, 3e'tl Jiys. Bo3hMaChKO rryKceHs. BJiap;HK: Se'tJ Jiysl

¢

+

IOa.lla, .llbtJCma

7

roaHbI, JihIKTbIHbI (11-T:ii ypoK)

KL1Jipa,z:i;'h.HH

KHa? /Ma?

38

KHHJihl? / MaJihl?

Sill

Sill

KOpKa

KOpKa

3ill'heC

3ill'beC

KopKaoc

KopKaoc

MOH (atIMM)

MblHbIM ( aCJibIM)

TOH (aqn,n;)

TblHbl,ll; ( aCJibl,ll;)

co (aq~rn)

COJibl ( aCJibl3)

MM (achMeoc)

MMJieMJibl (aCbMeJibl)

TM (acbTsoc)

TMJie,n;JihI ( achTSJihI)

COOC ( aChCSOC)

COOCJibl (aCbC3Jlbl)

Kuu? /Ma?

Kuunhl? / Manhl?

(MbIHaM) srne

srne

( ThlHR,ZI;) 3III0,ZJ;

srne,ZJ;

(COJISH) 3III03

3III03

(MHJIHM) 3IIIMhl

3IIIMhl

(THJIH,ZI;) 3IIIThl

3IIIThl

( COOCJISH) 3IIIChl

3IIIChl

(MbIHaM) 3III'beChl

3III'beChl

(TblHR,ZI;) 3III'beChl,ZI;

3III'beChI,ZJ;

( COJISH) 3III'beChl3

3III'beChl3

(MHJIHM) 3III'beCMhl

3III'beCMhl

( TiiJia,ZI;) srn'becThl

3III'beCThl

( COOCJISH) 3III'beCChl

3III'beCChl

JIbl

ATaMJibI 10pTTbIHb1.

Cyaape.n;JibI KY3bbIM 6achTo.n;-a?

3IIIMbIJibl rO.iKT3T blCTHCbKOM.

TyraHSJibI C.HCbKa 6HqacbKO.

HbIJIMYPTJibI CHHMaCbKbIHbI.

.il:bIIIIeTHCbeCMbIJibl Tay KapHCbKOM.

Taiie 10r.n;ypJib1 a6.n;pacbKO.

MHJI.HM rrec.HHaMMbIJibI iiyKaae T.HMbICTOH apec

I'y.meMJibl IIIYMIIOTO.

TblpMe.

ByJibI BaCbKe.

Ha.n;.HJISH Kbip3aMe3Jibl MH KOTbKY HO CHHMaCb-

H.HHbJibI IIbipHCbKo.n;-a?

KHCbKOM.

Hpa KOIIIKhlHhl (ymaHhl)

MhIHhlM ymaHhl ThIHhI,ZI; ymaHhI COJihl ymaHhl

YrHPA KOIIIKhIHhl (ymaHhI) KOIIIKhIHhl (ymaHhI) KOIIIKhIHhl (ymaHhI)

BbIJibHyHaJI 6opcbbI BeHHK 6HqaHbI yr .Hpa. MHJieMJibl KOcpe IObIHbl yr .Hpa BaJI HH. Ta TbibIH IIbIJiacbKbIHbI .Hpa-a?

TaH.HJibl SCKHMO CHbIHbl yr .Hpa Ha.

39

17 (,r1;ac CH3LLIMeTii) ypoK KapLITOB KycLirr. iiomaToB rroJI:JC'Lec / IloBy)J;HTeJILBLiii aaJior. CTerreBH cpaBBeBHH The Factitive (Causative) Mood. The Degrees of Comparison

I

KyaLMaJI:JB Ma)J;eMea (KaJiblK Ma.n;eC'bH)

Ho

BhIJITii 6bl3hhIKY3, Jiy,n;Ke-ll ycH3 Ho Tym myK-

KHChKH3. KhIJIJihhIKY3 MaJirra, rre, «Ta

MO

Tym-a Ma

6aTbip?»

- ToH

MO,

Tym-a Ma 6aTh1p? - 10a. mys

MO.

-

BaTb1p! -

-

ToH 6aTblp Ke, MaJihl TOH3 IIIYH,ll;bl IIIYHT:3? IllyH-

,ll;bl TbIH3CbTbl,ll; 6aTbiprec, COHH co TOH3 IIIYHT:3.

Ta3hhI BepaMe3 6epe myH,n;hIJI3Ch 10a3 Jiy,n;Keq: - IllyH,ll;bl, TOH 6aTblp-a?

- BaTbip.

- BaTbip Ke, MaJibl TOH3 IIHJieM iiOKTa? IlHJieM TbIH:3CbTbl,ll; 6aThiprec!

Jly,n;Keq HOIII HK IIHJieMJI3Cb IOaHbl KYTCKH3: - IlHJieM, TOH 6aTblp-a?

- BaThip! -

myH3 rrHJieM.

- BaTblp Ke, MaJibl rype3b IIblp y,n; IIOTHCbKbI? rype3h TbIH:3CbTbl,ll; 6aTbiprec!

Ta6epe rype3bJI3Ch 10aHbI KYTCKH3: -

rype3h, TOH 6aTblp-a?

- BaTbip!

- MaJibl TOH3 IIIblp My,n;:3?

Illblp TbIH:3CbTbl,ll; 6aTbiprec!

Ta3hhI IIIY:3M 6epa3 IIIhIPJihI Ba3HChKH3: - Illbrp, TOH 6aTblp-a?

- BaTbip!

- BaTbip Ke, MaJihI TOH3 KOiihIIII cHe? TbIH3ChThI,ll; KOiihIIII 6aTb1prec!

Ta6epe.H3 KOiihIIIIJI3Cb IOaHbl KYTCKH3: - KoiihIIII, TOH 6aThip-a?

- BaTb1p! -

myH3 Koiihrm.

KoiihIIIIJibl KHH Ma Rape BepaHhl 03 TO,ll;bl Jiy,n;Keq, -

KoiihIIII KOThKHHJI3Ch 6aThrprec! - IIIYH3 co.

JlbI,Zl;3hIHbl -

JlbI,Zl;3bITldHbl = Jlbl,Zl;3bIHbl KOCbIHbl (KypbIHbl)

MOH

JlbI,Zl;3bI

TOH

JlbI,Zl;3hI

co

Jlbl,Zl;3hl

yma

.n;

yma

3

yma

TM

TM

MR

JlbI,Zl;3bI

Mid

yma

Mid

TH cooc

JlbI,Zl;3bI

,!J;ld

yma

,!J;ld

JlbI,ll;3bI

31d

yma

31d

98

my.iKblT my.iKblTI'eC Ty.mrec HO I caMOH my.iKblT .iKMpacp BaJIJI3Cb my.iKblTI'eC = .iKMpacp BaJI CHpbICb my.iKbIT(rec)

KY3b KY3brec Tymrec HO / caMoli KY3b

KbI,ZJ;eKe Kb1,n;eKerec Tymrec Ho / caMoli Kb1,n;eKe

JILIMLI TO.ZJ;LLI (KaJiblK KblpaaH)

JlbI - Mhl

JlbI - Mbl

TO - .llhhl,

TO - .llhhl,

Jlbl -

Jlbl -

Mbl

TO - .llhhl,

Mbl

TO - .llhhl,

Jlhl-Mbl-Jl3Cb HO TO -

.llhhI

KhI - me -

TI,

Jlbl-Mbl-Jl3Cb HO TO -

.llhhI

KhI - me -

TI.

JlbIMbI TO)l;bbl, JlbIMbl TO,ll;bbl,

O:itto BO:itto, o:itto Bo:itto,

JihIMhIJISCh Ho TO)l;hhI KblIIIeTa.

O:lftOJI3Cb HO BO:lKO ,ll;SpeMe.

MepT'laH iiy:itto, MepT'laH iiy:itto,

ByroHcb Bopno, BYIOHCh Bopno,

MepT'laHJISCh HO iiy:itto iih1pc~1e.

BYIOHCbJI3Cb Bopno aiiIIIeTa.

,1l;b1,n;hrn qarblp, )l;bl)l;hIK qarb1p,

Koiio Kyiio, Koiio Kyiio,

)l;bl)l;b!KJI3Cb HO qarblp CHH'beCbI •

KOiiOJI3Cb HO Kyiio 'lYJIKae.

.H6JIOK rop,ll;O, H6JIOK rop)l;O,

O.n;i:i:r rHHS npaToHa,

H6JIOKJI3Cb HO rop)l;O 6aM'beCbI.

TO)l;3 Me)l;a OH HO CIOJISMMe.

99

AmaJIL"llll Oit11

ArnaJibqn 0KH - Hbipb1ceT:ii y,n;MypT HbIJIKbIIIIHO KbIJI6ypqn HO CHH 3M'bHCb. Co KapJibiraH rypTbICb (aJIH Map HM 8JibIH) mop eao IIIKOJiaea HbIJIIIYM'bH3.

Yjirna ,n;b1rneT:iicb JIYbica. 1919-T:ii apbIH yJKacbecbI3 .n;acHH'bH <PaKyJibTeTs, Horn co6epe KaaaHb yHHBepCHTeTbICb 3MTO.ZJ;OC <PaKy JibTeT3 .ZJ;bIIIIeTCKblHbl Ilbipe.

1928-T:ii apb1ceH 3M'bHCb JIYbica yJKaa IOKaMeHCK HO AJIHaIII epOC'beCblCb rypT'beCbIH. 8M'b.HH Y.ZJ;blCbIH To,n;oH-BaJiaH'beccs O.n;eccabICb To,n;Mo o<PTaJibMOJior B. II. <l>nJiaToB .n;opbrn MypoMbIT:iia. 30-T:ii ap'becb1 IIbITcsT yJis rne.n;e. Hau;noHaJIHCT rnyblca, coe HHrb1IIIe ycbKbITH3bI. Bb1,n;ab1M oJK ap'beCbI <lJpoHTbIH xnpypr Jiyb1ca OJKMaCbKH3. IIeHcne rroTOH aa.Ha 1946-T:ii apbrn AJIHaIIIbICb epoc 60JibHHIJ;abIH 3M'bHCb JIYbICa yJKa3. 1958-TH apbIH COJibl Y.n;MypT IIIaepbICb .n;aHO 3M'bHCb HHM CeT3MbIH. Hb1pb1ceT:ii Kbrn6yp'beccs Ho Bepoc'beccs 1918-T:ii apbrn « BHJib CHHb » raaeTbIH IIOTTH3. 1925-TH apbIH Kyae6aii rep,n;JI3H ropTT3MeHbl3 MocKBabIH «Cropec .n;ypbIH» HHMO KbIJI6yp finqeT33 IIOT3. 1928-TH apbIH rep,n; KbIJI6yp'beCC3 ayq KbIJI3 6epbIKT3, cooc rJia30BbIH «0 qeM rroeT BOT.HqKa» KHHraH3 IIOTH3bl. ArnaJibqll 0KHJI3H KbIJI6yp'beca3 BepaMbIH y.n;MypT HbIJIKbIIIIHOJISH MYP opTqncb rryrn 6yrbip'bHCbKOH33 cHpbICb. 20-TH ap'beCbl KbIJI6ypqn .n;yp6aCbTH3 Kyae6aii rep,n;Jibl. A. IIyIIIKHHJI3Cb HO r. reiiHeJI3Cb KbIJI6yp'beCC3C y.n;MypT KbIJI3 6epblKT3. 20-TH ap'beCJI3H rryMa3bl rOJK'bHCbKeMbICb .n;yr.n;s. 1956-T:ft apb1ceH HbIJIIIHOCJibI Bepoc'bec roJK'bHHbI KyTcKe. To.n;ocqnoc, KbIJI6ypqnoc, Mep HO IIOJIHTHKa Y.ZJ;bICblH yJKacbeC (Kyae6aii rep.n;, T. BopHCOB, H. HaroBHIJ;bIH, JKaH-JlroK Mopo, PaH BapTeHc, IIeTep ,ll;oMOKorn) ArnaJibqn 0KHJI3Cb JIHpHKa33 BbIJIH .ZJ;YH'b.H3bl. roJK'bHCbKOH Y.ZJ;bICbIH a3HHJiblKO TblpIIIeMe3 IIOHHa 1958TH apbIH COJibl «3HaK IloqeTa» op,n;eH ceT3MbIH. COJI3H KbIJI6yp'beCbl3 3yq, BeHrep, <PHHH, KOMH, MapH, <lJpaHu;ya HO MyKeT KbIJI'beCbl 6epbIKT3MbIH. AJIHaIII qepKorypTbIH, ArnaJibqn 0KHJibI c:ftabbica, Myaeii-KopKa yJKa. JlyJibl MbIHaM Boab BhlJI 6y6mr Ke HO MapJihl Me,n;a Byp,ZJ;bl3 COCblpMbIJI3M?

CroJIMhl MbIHaM qe6ep Kbipeab Ke HO MapJibI Me,n;a CHea TH.HCbKbIJiaM?

MbIJIKbI,n; MhlHaM 3apHH MaHeT Ke HO MapJibI Me,n;a :IB'.HJibbl 6op,ZJ;bl CO ,n;yMbIJI3M? AwaJLb'lU

140

01w

Ba11e eepacLKOH'bec

-

KeJihIInrn-a T:HJie,n;JihI MH .n;opbIH, Y.n;MypTHbIH?

-

BeH, BaHhMhrn Tym ycTo BaJI!

-

BybIJI:3 Ha MH .n;opbl HOlli HK.

- .fl

Map, OJIO IIOp'b.HJIOMbI?

-

Illyp .n;op03b rHH:3 HO 6epeH.

-

BeTJIOMbI-a KHHoe?

-

Oii,n;OJI:3.

-

Oii.n;o iiolli HyHa3e.HJIOM pecTopaHhIH!

-

Holli MaJihI-o 6eH yM?

-

JlbIKTbl MOH .n;opbl y.iKaH HHTbl.HM HyHa3e.

-

Yr To.n;:iichKhI, 6b1raTo-a •••

6

-

OJio, nyMHChKOMhI

-

BepachKHMhI.

qachrn KapJiy,n;hICh 6a.n;3bIM qac yJihrn?

-

MbIHaM T:HJie,n;hrn BaHh,ll;:3CTbI acJiaM rypTaM OTeMe IIOT:3.

-

BeH, YCTO JIYbICaJI

TbIHa.n; rypTa.n; Kbl3bbl Ke BeTJiblHbl.

-

T:iiJI.H,n; oii noTbICaJihl3-a MHJieMhIH apH.H HyHaJI:3 a.n;3hITOH:3 MhIH:3M,ll;bI?

-

Tay, lliYMIIOThica MhIHOM.

-

Oii.n;oJis nyMHChKOMe

-

Tym yMoii, MhIHbIM Tyna.

-

JlbIKT:3 MH ,ll;Opbl KOCHyHaJI:3 JI\.bIT CHCbKOH:3.

5

qachrn KyJihTypa ropT .n;opbIH.

-

JKaJI.Hca BepaHo, KOcHyHaJis MhIHaM MyKeT nJiaH'heCbI.

-

Holli Ky-o

TH

6h1raTo,n;h1?

-

Khrnc.Hpb1Ch, y.n;MypTapH.He.

-

.HpaM. Y.n;MypTapH.He MOH HO 6h1raTHChKO. MH KhilliHOeHhIM B03hMaJIOMbI T:HJie-

.n;hrn KyaTh qacJibI. -

licbKe, nyMHChKhIT03h.

-

Ilb1p MOH .n;opb1 TYHH:3 HyHa3e 6epe.

-

HyHa3e 6epe MOH yr BaHhMHCbKbI. ToH 6b1raTo.n;-a iiyKa3e iiyKHa?

-

Tym ycTo. MbIHbIM Ta BaKhIT .Hpa. ToJihKO o.n;Ho HK mHHrhipTbI Ha.

-

0.n;Ho HK. BepachKHM.

141

y ,ll;MypT-ayq-aHrJIH KLIJI6yrop y ,ll;MYPTCKO-pyccKO-aHrJIHHCKHH CJIOBapi.

Udmurt-Russian-English Dictionary

A a6,D;paHhl aBOKa,D;O aBTo6yc aBTOM06HJib ara:ii a,D;abIHbl a,D;i3bITOH a,D;.HMH aa6ap aa6ap ii:ymHCb aaBecb a3HHCKOH aaHHCKhlHhl aaHHTOH a3bBeTJIHCb a3bBhlJI aa1:.JiaHbhlH aa1:.JiarraJI aa1:.Jiac.HHb aa1:.JI0 aabMYPT aa1:.naJITbIHbI a3bT3M a3b'IHHbhl a3bhlH a:iiIIIeT aiihl aKa,D;eMH.fl aKBapeJib aKhlJlbTbIHhl aJiaHracap aJI,D;aCbKblHbl aJI,!1;3T aJIH aJIJI.flCbKOH aMaJI aMepHKaHe:u; aHali aHrec aHrHHa aHrJIH aHTpOIIOJIOr arr aii arreJibCHH ap apaMa apaH ap6epH ap6ya apraH apraH'IH apMH.fl apH.HHyHaJI

154

(5) (10) (5) (23) (4) (2) (8) (2) (6) (14) (17) (1) (22) (18) (21) (12) (21) (15) (11) (1) (14) (20) (21) (4) (2) (11) (17) (1) (12) (7) (5) (16) (5) (2) (23) (5) (13) (4) (4) (8) (2) (22) (4) (5) (3) (19) (24) (10) (15) (18) (5) (10) (3)

Y,D;HBJI.HTbC.fl aBOKa,D;O aBTo6yc aBTOM06HJib cTapum:ii 6paT; ,D;.H,!l;.H BH,D;eTb, YBH,D;eTb BhlCTaBKa qeJIOBeK ,!l;BOp ,!l;BOpHHK cepe6po; cepe6p.HHhlH ycrrex pa3BHBaTbC.fl pa3BHTHe rrepe,D;OBHK paHbIIIe, rrpem,D;e Brrepe,D;H, B 6y,D;y~eM rrpe,D;BapHTeJibHO Harrepe,D;, crrepe,D;H cHatiaJia, paHbIIIe npeaH,D;eHT orrepe,D;HTb JieHT.HH; JieHHBhlH yKaaaTeJibHhlH rraJieu; Brrepe,D;H cpapTyK oTeu;; caMeu; aKa,D;eMH.H aKBapeJib Ha,D;OeCTb BeJIHKaH (cpOJibK.) o6MaHhlBaTb rrpHMaHKa ceifqac Beep MeTO,D;, crroco6 aMepHKaHe:u; MaTb IIO,D;6opo,D;OK aHrHHa aHrJIHHCKHH aHTpOIIOJIOr cTapIIIa.H cecTpa; TeT.H arreJibCHH ro,D; po~a

maTBa Be~b, rrpe,D;MeT ap6ya rapMOHb rapMOHHCT apMH.fl BOCKpeceHbe

to be surprised, to wonder avocado bus car, automobile elder brother; uncle to see exhibition person courtyard caretaker silver success to develop, to make progress development vanguard, leader earlier, before in future beforehand, in advance beforehand, in advance at first, earlier president to overtake, to surpass lazy; lazy person, sluggard index finger ahead, in front apron father; male academy watercolours to bother, to bore giant (mythology) to cheat, to deceive bait, lure now (hand-held) fan way, manner, method American (noun) mother chin tonsillitis English anthropologist elder sister; aunt orange (fruit) year grove harvest thing watermelon accordion accordion player army Sunday