Wyoming Rural Electric News June 2024

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THE ENERGY MIX : HYDROPOWER 14 JUN E 2024 WYOMING RURAL ELECTRIC NEWS

Whether you’re turning the lights on in your home or keeping your livestock warm, electricity is vital to our way of life. It powers our communities and keeps us safe. We use many different fuel sources to keep electricity affordable for the cooperative family because investing in you is why we exist! AFFORDABILITY BASIN ELECTRIC

INVESTING IN POWER

The Energy Mix: Hydropower

Hydropower

STATE NEWS & EVENTS TOWN TALES WILD WIRED WEST WHAT'S HAPPENING 33 ESSAYS & ANECDOTES WREA NOTES IT TAKES A BALANCED APPROACH TO PROVIDE POWER BY SHAWN TAYLOR HOME ON THE RANGE HITTING THE TRAILS BY NEVA BODIN ENLIGHTEN US WAITING FOR SIGNS BY WALT GASSON 04 38 JUST FOR FUN KIDS’ CORNER SMALL FISH, BIG IMPACT BOOK GIVEAWAY WHERE ARE YOUR MEN? BY ZAN MERRILL AND NIKKI NAISER PUZZLE WHAT’S IN A NAME? BY KENDRA SPANJER 12 13 20 24 30 FROM OUR READERS COUNTRY COOKS SMOOTHIES PEN TO PAPER DAD BY JERRY PAXTON JUST PICTURE IT REFLECTIONS 26
oldest
largest
of renewable energy, uses
natural flow of moving water to generate electricity.
/ hydroelectric power, one of the
and
sources
the
ON THE COVER 14 CENTERPIECE JUNE 2024 12 24 22 08 09 08 22 FEATURES THE ART SPOT WYOMING SPRING HAS SPRUNG! BY REGINA WIMPENNY CO-OP SPOTLIGHT LET ‘ER BUCK BY MAGGIE YORK 06 28
Learn about hydropower projects in Wyoming benefitting co-ops, ranchers and the state on page 14.

IT TAKES A BALANCED APPROACH TO PROVIDE POWER

Every day, your cooperative provides you, the consumer-members, with safe, reliable, environmentally responsible and affordable power. They are able to provide this essential service because we use many types of fuel to generate electricity. Having diversity in our power resources helps us keep costs affordable should one type of fuel spike in price or be in short supply.

You may occasionally hear about base load and non-base load power sources. How these resources work together to power your homes and businesses is important, and long-term planning plays a vital role in meeting your needs. Generation plants are typically long-term assets, which last for several decades.

In Wyoming, base load power plants are most commonly fueled by coal. The plants operate nearly 24 hours a day, seven days a week and provide a consistent and steady amount of power.

Based on our consumer-members’ annual and average daily use requirements, we plan ahead to know how much power we need to generate or purchase to meet those needs. Base load power plants run at constant levels, allowing these plants to provide the lowest-cost generation in a safe and efficient manner. Throughout Wyoming and the U.S., base load power plants supply the majority of the power used by consumers. In Wyoming, as a testament to our commitment to being good stewards of our environment, we continue to invest in upgrades to these base load plants to ensure they meet strict and changing environmental standards.

As part of our balanced approach to providing you with power from a variety of sources, we supplement base load power with intermittent resources, such as wind and solar. These are considered non-base load power because we have limited control over their power generating ability. For example, on a sunny day, solar panels can produce maximum output. Or, when wind speeds are steady and not too high or too

low, wind turbines can generate a fairly consistent supply of power. However, during cloudy days or at night, we can’t rely on solar power because it isn’t generating a significant amount of energy. Because of the unpredictably of non-base load sources, we use them in tandem with base load plants to ensure when our consumermembers flip the switch for power, they can count on a reliable and adequate power supply to meet those needs.

Base load power sources are the backbone of our system for a number of reasons, including the fact that energy cannot be effectively stored. Advancements in energy storage, such as batteries, have come a long way in recent years but it’s still not economically feasible or in some cases, reliable enough, to meet our consumermembers’ needs. Through our national partners, we invest in ongoing research to determine when and if technologies, such as storage options, may be viable for our consumer-members.

As a member of your not-for-profit electric cooperative you may be thinking, why is all of this important to me? Having a balanced and diverse energy portfolio is similar to having a diversified personal financial plan. When it comes to savings, it’s not prudent to put all of your eggs in one basket. The same is true with sources of power generation. To achieve the best mix of reliability, affordability, environmental responsibility and safety, we rely on multiple sources rather than just one type of power generation.

WREA NOTES
PUDDLE PROFILE
BY SHERRYL LINDBLOM ROZET, WYOMING THE WREN MAGAZINE WYOMING RURAL ELECTRIC NEWS The official publication of the Wyoming Rural Electric Association The WREN Magazine, Wyoming Rural Electric News, volume 70, number 5, June 2024 (ISSN 1098-2876) is published monthly except for January for $22 per year by Linden Press, Inc., Periodicals postage paid at Cheyenne, WY (original entry office) and at additional mailing offices. WREN Magazine is owned and controlled by rural electric cooperatives in the interest of the economic progress of rural areas specifically and the entire population of Wyoming and the nation generally. WREN Magazine has a total average monthly paid circulation of 32,298 for 11 months ending September 2023. WREN Magazine is delivered to rural electric member/consumers and other subscribers throughout the entire state of Wyoming and the nation. Acceptance of advertising by WREN Magazine does not imply endorsement of the product or services advertised by the publisher or Wyoming electric cooperatives. WREN STAFF Publisher: Linden Press, Inc. — Editorial Team — Maggie York Alison Quinn Becky Freismuth — Design Team — Dixie Lira David Merkley Shawna Phillips BOARD OF DIRECTORS Big Horn REC, Basin –John Joyce, President Wheatland REA, Wheatland –Sandy Hranchak, Vice President Wyrulec Company, Torrington –Ben Scott, Secretary/Treasurer Basin Electric, Bismarck, ND – Paul Baker Bridger Valley Electric, Mountain View – Ruth Rees Carbon Power, Saratoga – Kenny Curry Garland Light & Power, Powell – Scott Smith High Plains Power, Riverton – Brett Gardner Lower Valley Energy, Afton – Bob McLaurin Niobrara Electric, Lusk – J.D. Wasserburger Powder River Energy, Sundance – Mike Lohse Deseret Power, South Jordan, UT – Gary Nix Tri-State G&T, Westminster, CO – Julie Kilty SUBSCRIPTION RATES $22 per year, Single copies $2 each ADVERTISING To purchase call (307) 996-6552. OFFICE OF WREN OWNER 2312 Carey Ave., Cheyenne, WY 82001 ADDRESS CHANGES Please contact your local cooperative to update your address. Paid subscribers contact publisher. PUBLISHER 307-286-8140 wren@wyomingrea.org POSTMASTER — Send address changes to — The WREN Magazine, Wyoming Rural Electric News, c/o Linden Press, Inc., 121 E Mountain Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80524, [970] 221-3232. Include 3-digit co-op code. MAGAZINE PRINTED WITH VEGETABLE INK
PHOTO
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR NAME, LOCATION, ENTRY TITLE AND ENTRY DESCRIPTION.  wren@wyomingrea.org | 307-286-8140  214 W. Lincolnway Ste. 21C Cheyenne, WY 82001  wyomingrea.org/wren-submissions A showcase of creative work by our Wyoming readers, entries for The Art Spot may range from photos to paintings, illustrations to digital artwork, to poetry, prose and short stories. The sky’s the limit! We look forward to sharing our readers’ talents in each issue.
Wyoming Spring Has Sprung! A RT SPOT THE THE ART SPOT
REGINA
WIMPENNY SARATOGA, WYOMING

BIG HORN RURAL ELECTRIC’S

Todd Herman

Todd Herman is based out of Big Horn Electric’s Lovell shop and has been with the company for almost 30 years. He also earned his pilot’s license.

Q Q Q A A A A

How long have you been a lineman?

28 years.

What made you want to decide to become a lineman?

Well, my dad was a lineman and so now my son’s a lineman, so I guess just keeping it in the family.

What is your favorite part of the position?

Just the fact that you’re doing something different every day and working outside. The job is satisfying because you can look back at the end of the day and see that you got something done. We had 30 poles go down in a snowstorm last Tuesday, so we’re still fixing that up.

When did you earn your pilot’s license and what made you decide to do so?

I’ve had that for 30 years and had some friends that taught me how to fly so we use it for traveling for family vacations and a lot of flying around the Big Horns here.

“THE JOB IS SATISFYING BECAUSE YOU CAN LOOK BACK AT THE END OF THE DAY AND SEE THAT YOU GOT SOMETHING DONE.”

Q Q A A

Who or what inspires you to do your job well?

I like working with people, building a new service for them, meeting new people. Like this storm job, it was a fun job because we got to work with High Plains Power and Garland Light & Power, working with different crews, different guys. I enjoy that.

What’s the best part about working in rural Wyoming?

I think it’s the way we take care of the consumer. The consumer is basically our boss and we give them a better deal I think than investor-owned on building lines and getting services. I like meeting with [consumers] and being able to help them out. I think the co-op world is really good about that.

PHOTOS COURTESY OF BIG HORN RURAL ELECTRIC Welcome to all things wild west in the rural electric cooperative world. Each month will be dedicated to our lineworkers, including snippets about a day in their life, true tales of risky jobs, or more information about what it’s like to be a lineworker at an electric cooperative.
Q
WILD◇WIRED◇WEST
WILD WIRED WEST

HELPING YOU DO MORE WITH POWER

Electricity is a reliable, affordable and responsible way to power the rural West. With electrification and energy efficiency programs offered by your electric cooperative with support from Tri-State, together we are helping consumers, farms, ranches and businesses get the most value from power and save money.

Learn more at www.tristate.coop/electrify-and-save

Tri-State is a not-for-profit power supplier to cooperatives and public power districts in Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico and Wyoming.

PROPELLING ECONOMIC

GROWTH WITH REBATES

Energy efficient upgrades reinvigorate business owners serviced by Big Horn Rural Electric Company in Wyoming.

TRANSFORMING RURAL COMMUNITIES

San Miguel Power Association steps in to create energy efficient affordable housing for essential workers in Colorado mountain towns.

EMPOWERING FARMERS WITH IRRIGATION ELECTRIFICATION

New technology powered by Wheat Belt Public Power District increases operational reliability for third generation potato farmers in Nebraska.

Learn more at www.tristate.coop/features

IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN OIL AND GAS

A pioneering electrification project brings renewed power capabilities thanks to Central New Mexico Electric Cooperative.

Small Fish, BIG IMPACT

wyobiodiversity.org

Look into a nearby stream or pond, and you may see small silvery streaks as fish dart past. It might be hard to believe that those little fish have any impact on the health of our ecosystems, but they do! Wyoming has 50 species of native fish, all of which contribute in some way to keeping aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems healthy and thriving.

Fish in Control

Native fish are vital pieces of the complex freshwater food web, serving as scavengers, predators and prey. Some species eat algae and other plant matter, while other species eat aquatic insects of all sizes. Some species even eat other fish or larval amphibians. In turn, native fish are important food sources for many birds and mammals, including humans!

Cleaning Team Waste Not,

Want Not

Aquatic plants and algae require nitrogen and phosphorus to grow, but they need the help of fish to turn these nutrients into a form that they can actually use. Fish are able to do this simply by eating! The waste that fish produce from digested food contains nitrogen and phosphorus that is easy for plants and algae to uptake. Because fish swim around, they can distribute these nutrients to plants and algae over a wide area, allowing plants and algae to grow and provide food, oxygen and shelter for the water’s inhabitants.

Native mussels provide a vital service by cleaning water of bacteria, algae and other particles. But these sedentary shelled invertebrates would not survive without native fish! Mussel larvae latch onto the gills of fish, where the larvae can safely develop and grow— all without hurting their fish host. In addition to helping them grow, fish act as taxis for moving these cleaning powerhouses around freshwater ecosystems. When the larvae are grown, they’ll drop off of the fish and settle into their new location, far from where they first latched on.

LITTLE WYOMING 12 JUN E 2024
ILLUSTRATION BY NICK WILLIAMS KIDS’ CORNER

Hydropower THE ENERGY MIX:

ANOTHER ELEMENT OF THE ENERGY GRID THAT BENEFITS RESIDENTS, BUSINESSES AND WILDLIFE

A life-sustaining element, water also plays an important role in the energy sector. Many Wyoming waterways provide power to the electrical grid, benefitting residents, communities, agriculture and wildlife.

Hydropower possesses a long history, with many dams and power plants constructed in the United States during the early to mid-1900s. This type of energy accounts for more than 30% of America’s renewable electricity generation and more than 6% of total electrical generation in the U.S.

“Hydropower is one piece [of the energy grid]. It’s a cleaner form of energy,” said Lyle Myler, Area Manager, Bureau of Reclamation - Wyoming Area Office.

The federal Bureau of Reclamation operates several hydropower dams with hydropower in Wyoming, including Buffalo Bill Dam west of Cody and Boysen Dam located between Shoshoni and Thermopolis. Buffalo Bill Dam was completed in 1910 and opened thousands of acres in the

Bighorn Basin to irrigation. Buffalo Bill Dam was originally constructed as a feature of what was known as the Shoshone Project, a series of tunnels, canals, diversion dams, Shoshone and Heart Mountain powerplants, plus the Buffalo Bill Reservoir. Buffalo Bill Dam was raised by 25 feet as part of the Buffalo Bill Unit in the early 1990s, which included the addition of two powerplants – Buffalo Bill and Spirit Mountain powerplants. Today, this system irrigates more than 90,000 acres, helping produce various crops, including beans, alfalfa, oats and barley.

14 JUN E 2024 CENTERPIECE

Congress authorized building the Boysen powerplant through the federal Flood Control Act of 1944. Construction started in 1947 and was completed five years later. The plant regulates water flow not only for power, but also for flood control, irrigation, fish reproduction and recreation. Two electricity generating units generate 15,000 kilowatts, said Myler.

Smaller hydroelectric plants in the state also assist Wyoming communities and rural areas. For example, Lower Valley Energy, based in Afton, provides customers with power using water. Eighty-five percent of the co-op’s electricity is generated by hydropower.

“That makes us unique from other cooperatives,” said Jim Webb, president and CEO of Lower Valley Energy. “Our main power supplier is Bonneville Power Administration. They’re the federal marketing agency that sells off all the power from the Snake and Columbia rivers. That’s nearly all hydro. The Snake River starts in our territory … and goes into the Columbia.”

In addition to hydropower from Bonneville, Lower Valley possesses two hydroelectric facilities.

“One of them is called Strawberry – it’s [near] Bedford and Thayne,” Webb said.

The facility has operated since the 1940s.

“It’s run great for all those years … and it’s very cheap power,” Webb stated.

The second project is located in Swift Creek and was originally owned by a power company that serviced Afton prior to Lower Valley’s arrival. The co-op “inherited” the project, Webb said. About 20 years ago, the town of Afton approached Lower Valley to see about restoring the facility, which had been destroyed by a snowslide during the 1980s.

“We put in new generators, new turbines, on both the upper and lower projects, and replaced all the penstock,” Webb said. “We restored the upper powerhouse … and we built a new powerhouse on the lower one.”

The Intermittent Spring supplies Afton’s water, so “we put a generator on their water system, too,” Webb said. The three projects produce about seven million kilowatts a year, he added.

Hydropower “saves our members money,” Webb said.

Lower cost is one of the major benefits of hydropower, and Wyoming co-op members with such facilities in their area reap that benefit, said Jim Horan, executive director of the Mid-West Electric Consumers Association.

“The power they’re buying … is about 63 to 65% of market power, so it’s a relatively low-cost power supply,” he stated.

Some irrigation districts also operate small hydropower plants, benefiting agri-business operations, he said.

Reservoirs, rivers and streams also benefit wildlife, from fish and amphibians to birds and mammals. Project partnerships with agencies such as Wyoming Game & Fish and Natural Resources and Conservation Service restore habitat and drinking and swimming pools.

Another hydropower benefit for humans is that it’s “dispatchable,” meaning “ondemand,” said Kurt Miller, executive director, Northwest Public Power Association, which represents communityowned utilities across 10 Western states.

“It will show up when you need it,” he said. “That’s the key element of hydropower compared with other renewable resources.”

Although considered a clean and lowcost energy source, hydropower is not without controversy.

For example, along the lower Snake River and the Columbia River, dams and hydropower plants are being scrutinized and the possibility of removing or breaching dams is on the table. Most objections to keeping the dams revolve around possible impacts on salmon populations and the orca whales that feed on them. Utility companies, including Benton (Washington) REA, oppose the removal.

It will show up when you need it. That’s the key element of hydropower compared with other renewable resources.
electricity

generating units generate 15,000 kilowatts

2
COURTESY OF BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, WYOMING AREA OFFICE, CASPER Buffalo Bill Dam Buffalo Bill Power Plant
Power Plant
“ PHOTOS
Boysen

How does a Hydroelectric Power Plant Work?

Hydropower today is probably more valuable than it’s ever been. We need to protect it and not take it for granted.

Hydroelectric power plants convert the potential difference of water into electricity by transferring it between two points at different heights or elevations.

The dam across the natural river course holds back the water to form a reservoir. The potential energy of the flowing water is then converted into electrical output.

Water behind the dam flows through an opening and down a pipe called a penstock. Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy as the water flows through the pipes.

Filtering Grilles

Sluice Gate

Pressure Pipe

Turbine

Shaft

Electricity Generator

Transformer

Power Lines

Drain

Water Use For Irrigation, Etc.

When it reaches room, the water turbine blades to transforming kinetic into mechanical

Resevoir
Dam
Turbine
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4.
5.
6.
7.
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9.
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Dam
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Source: Iberdrola

the machine causes the to spin, kinetic energy rotation.

The organization’s website notes, “Salmon survival rates through these dams are as high as 97%. NOAA Fisheries’ analysis shows Puget Sound Chinook salmon are most important for the Southern Residents (orcas). Cleaning the Puget Sound and reducing carbon output would be a better use of time and money” to save salmon and orca.

Litigation around the federally owned lower Snake River dams has “been going on for decades,” Miller said. In 2022, the Biden administration engaged in

negotiations with the stakeholder groups. Miller said his former organization was supposed to have a seat at the table, but was ultimately excluded from the negotiations because he wouldn’t support dam removal.

“It was a long year and a half, and it was very frustrating,” Miller said.

Only Congress possesses authority to allow dam breaching, but the settlement “allowed for the plaintiffs to frame any new generation that was built as power

that would be used to replace the lower Snake River dams,” he stated.

“We were really against that because that presumes the dams should go,” Miller said.

Despite such challenges, hydropower continues to be part of America’s, and Wyoming’s, energy mixture.

“Hydropower today is probably more valuable than it’s ever been,” Horan said. “We need to protect it and not take it for granted.”

The turbine shaft is attached to the electricity generator, which converts rotational energy into electricity.

After giving up its energy, the flow of water drains downstream through a spillway.

Turbine
Transformer Spillway
9 10 11 12 Disadvantages Advantages Renewable energy source Some adverse environmental impact Pairs well with other renewables Expensive up-front Can meet peak electricity demand Lack of available reservoirs Is inexpensive in the long run Facilities rely on local hydrology Hydropower Advantages & Disadvantages Source: energysage.com/about-clean-energy/hydropower/pros-cons-hydropower

Kaycee Area Residents, Various Agencies Partner to Mitigate Flooding, Provide Irrigation and Help Wildlife

The Middle Fork of the Powder River, which flows through Kaycee and the surrounding area, has a history of breaching its banks. These overflows flood the community and damage or destroy diversion dams.

“Almost every spring we get at least mild flooding, and every three to five years we get moderate to severe flooding,” said Anita Bartlett, Resource Coordinator and District Manager, Powder River Conservation District.

Partnerships with other agencies, including the Natural Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS) and Wyoming Game & Fish Department, helped southern Johnson County mitigate and alleviate damage through various engineering projects that rehabilitated and reconstructed the waterway.

“We took irrigation diversions which had been damaged and the banks around them – they were push-up diversions – and we changed them to a cross-vane diversion system,” Bartlett said. Instead of being a solid wall, it’s basically a stair-step with cross-vanes coming across that pulls the water back to the center of the river and keeps it off the banks so it still allows for irrigation and also allows for fish passage.”

Using blocks that resemble Legos®, these diversions decrease the water’s power, stabilizing streambanks and protecting property and habitat.

Local rancher Kevin Lund finds the projects helpful for him and his neighbors.

“That’s how we get water to all these hayfields,” he said. “That not only feeds your animals, but you can sell some of it.”

Diversion dams also help livestock and wildlife, said Lund, a board member of the Powder River Conservation District and Area 1 Director for the Wyoming Association of Conservation Districts.

“Any of the diversions means more sufficient water supply,” he said. “The only drawback is that you sometimes have to regulate where the cows go to drink – they’ll sluff a bank off and cause erosion. But it’s usually an easy fix.”

A large share of these multi-million-dollar water projects comes from grants available through the NRCS.

Those funds come via the federal Farm Bill that distributes money to states, said Allison McKenzie, Johnson County NRCS District Manager.

“Landowners can apply for Farm Bill dollars … Any time of the year, they can make application [for range or irrigation projects],” she said. “Usually in the fall, we gather those applications and rank them, and then we see how many we can fund.”

Another project recently funded involved developing hydropower for irrigation.

“We had such an elevation change, from our headgate, our takeout, to the bottom of the field,” she said. “We had all of that elevation to help us be able to use hydropower to move a pivot instead of having to use electric on the pumps.”

Dull Knife Reservoir, an NRCS waterway in the Bighorns constructed in 1966, also provides irrigation water. Because of its age and a study that determined loss of life and property could occur if the dam breached, “a lot of work” was done about five years ago to rehabilitate the spillway and fix other concerns, McKenzie said.

“I believe water is the most important asset we have, so I’ll always support water projects,” Lund said. W

I believe water is the most important asset we have
Gayle M. Irwin is a freelance writer based in Casper.
PHOTOS BY GAYLE M. IRWIN
PHOTO COURTESY OF ANITA BARTLETT, POWDER RIVER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
Anita Bartlett, Powder River Conservation District, stands near the Middle Fork of the Powder River during a spring 2024 overflow of the river. Gosney Diversion west of Kaycee after reconstruction.
18 JUN E 2024
Kevin Lund, Kaycee area rancher and property owner, at one of the diversion dams along the Middle Fork of the Powder River.
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Hitting the Trails

“You feel the jolting and hear the crushing of the sand beneath the wheels … you smell the sage … [you are] lying there in a tent and hear the coyotes in the distance … I had a pretty authentic experience!” Pamela Eddy, historical interpreter for the National Park Service, described her five-day trip with the Historic Trails West wagon train owned by Morris Carter of Mills, Wyoming.

Historic Trails West has offered the adventure of traveling by wagon train across the Oregon Trail since 1989. Today’s want-to-be Western emigrant may book an experience as short as two

hours — spending time in camp and absorbing the ambiance of the west while dining pioneer-style — or as long as five days, visiting Independence Rock and traveling to the Continental Divide where water flows on the west side to the Pacific and on the east side to the Atlantic. All ages may participate, with the oldest so far being 104.

On this train, history will meet you and you will feel a part of it, traveling in the same ruts a half million people traveled between 1840 and 1870. You will perhaps stir up the same soil, experience the same feeling of awe, and marvel at the courage and hope it took to traverse and

sometimes die on that trail. You’ll see prairie grasses wave at you, cross the Sweetwater River and marvel at etchings of names on Independence Rock, known as The Register of the Desert. You may see a burial place forgotten by most and marked only by a small stone cairn.

In Wyoming, the Pony Express, Mormon, California and Oregon trails overlap in many places. “From Casper, it’s pretty much one trail on top of the other,” said Carter, the Train Captain.

The five-day trip takes travelers to South Pass, the route across the Continental Divide, elevation over 7,000 feet, for emigrants. “We travel right along where the Mormon handcart emigrants went,” Carter said. He’ll point out the monuments and trail markers along the way.

Participants ride on or walk alongside the covered wagons built by Carter. He said each wagon is as authentic as he can make it, “except it doesn’t have a toolbox on the left side or the front.” To craft the wagon box, he gets “yellow poplar and oak from back east, and Douglas fir from Wyoming for the seats. It takes about 1,000 hours to build a wagon.” Carter sews and waterproofs the canvas tops for his wagons.

Guests help set up teepees and care for the animals. There are wranglers and a cook. Travelers may ride a horse or learn to drive a team of mules or horses. Carter currently uses mules and the Percheron breed of horse to pull his wagons.

The menu includes steak, stew, burgers and other delicious and soul-satisfying meals made in a Dutch oven. Teepees that can sleep up to six people are erected for the night. Mosquitoes might join the fun, but unlike the pioneers, who had little recourse but to swat, scratch and stir them right into the pancake mix, Carter has modern methods to deter them.

Trekkers are “mainly interested in how people survived and got along on the trail,” Carter said. “They realize how much work it really was … walking

PHOTO COURTESY OF MORRIS CARTER
22 JUN E 2024 HOME ON THE RANGE
Morris Carter and passengers crossing the Sweetwater River, which emigrants crossed multiple times on their way west.

everywhere … that everybody walked unless they were sick or real young. They hear the creak of the wagons, the rattle of the tug chains and the songs of the prairie, and talk to the horses. You learn more than just reading it out of a book. Several guests have dressed the part.”

While most treks take place within the state of Wyoming, Carter and his wagons traveled the full length of the California Trail — 2,500 miles in five months — in 1999 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1949 gold rush. They began in St. Charles, Missouri, and ended in Sacramento, California.

In 1993, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the first wagon train leaving Independence, Missouri, on May 12 and arriving in Astoria, Oregon, his train traveled 2,600 miles in six months and six days. On that trip, they carried a regular mail pouch with postcards hand-canceled in Independence, Missouri, Fort Caspar, Wyoming, and Independence, Oregon, and then mailed to different destinations. In 1989, he and his four daughters led a wagon train on a 30-day trip from Casper to Cody to celebrate Wyoming’s Centennial statehood.

The Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Seattle Times and Westward.com online have covered stories of Carter’s wagon train adventures. In addition, at least one family who blogs wrote of their time: “This experience was hands-down, the most educational and amazingly fun excursion we have done in the four years that we have been homeschooling.”

VIEW THE ARTICLE ONLINE HERE: blessedwithoutboundaries.com/covered-wagon-ride-oregon-trail

Carter obtains permits for his wagons from the Bureau of Land Management and private landowners. “I say thanks to all the private landowners for allowing us to travel across their land. If it weren’t for them, this wouldn’t be possible,” he said.

While many Wyoming people have enjoyed his wagon train, Carter has hosted people from all over the world. “I had a guy from South Africa, one from Ireland and one from New York, all on the wagon together one evening. It was interesting to hear the diversity of their thoughts,” he said. He has a tour group coming for the 15th time from England in June 2024. W

Neva Bodin is a Casper-based freelance writer, author, artist and poet.

In 2023, Wyoming Camera Outfitters booked Carter’s stationary campsite by the North Platte for a Canon camera class, inviting Native Americans to pose in full regalia.

COURTESY OF MORRIS CARTER PHOTO COURTESY OF WYOMING CAMERA OUTFITTERS
PHOTO
“THE EXPERIENCE IS NOT ONLY EDUCATIONAL, ‘IT’S EMOTIONAL,’” PAMELA EDDY JUN E 2024 23 LEARN online FROM A COLLEGE YOU TRUST www.sheridan.edu/online (307) 675-0500
Carter crafts his own wagons and canvas tops.

SMOOTHIES

AÇAÍ SMOOTHIE BOWL FROZEN WHISKEY SOUR

1/4 CUP CRANBERRY JUICE FROZEN STRAWBERRIES (4-6)

3 TBS FRESH SQUEEZED LEMON JUICE

1 TBS POWDERED SUGAR

1/2 CUP ICE

2 OZ WHISKEY

Combine cranberry juice, strawberries, lemon juice and powdered sugar. Start low and move to high and blend until smooth. Add whiskey, stir. Double for fun!

WREN STAFF

FOR TOPPING:

1 TSP COCONUT OIL

1/4 CUP UNSWEETENED COCONUT

2 TBS SLICED ALMONDS

1 TBS SESAME SEEDS

1 TSP HONEY

FRESH OR FROZEN BLUEBERRIES SLICED FRESH STRAWBERRIES

FOR SMOOTHIE:

3.5 OZ FROZEN AÇAÍ

2 MEDIUM BANANAS

1 CUP FROZEN BLUEBERRIES

1 1/2 CUP ALMOND MILK PINCH OF KOSHER SALT

Make topping: In a small skillet heat coconut oil on medium. Add coconut, almonds and sesame seeds, toast until slightly golden. Remove from heat and stir in honey. Transfer to a plate to cool before breaking into small pieces. Make smoothie: Combine frozen açaí with bananas, blueberries, almond milk and salt in a blender. Blend until smooth. Divide between bowls.

Top with fresh fruit and coconut topping.

WREN STAFF

CHAMPAGNE SHERBET PUNCH

3 CUPS PINEAPPLE JUICE, CHILLED 1/4 CUP LEMON JUICE

1 QT PINEAPPLE SHERBET

1 750 ML BOTTLE CHAMPAGNE, CHILLED

In a punch bowl, combine juices. Just before serving, scoop sherbet into punch bowl; add champagne. Stir gently. Makes 20 servings.

WREN STAFF

GREEN SURGE

Combine all ingredients in blender. Secure lid. Blend to desired consistency. Add orange juice or water to thin if needed. Leftover pineapple or cucumber? Try a new variation. Serves 2.

WREN STAFF

CHOPPED, STEMS REMOVED 3/4
SPINACH, CHOPPED 1
CHUNKED 1/2
GRATED
1
1/4
JUICED 1 CUP ORANGE JUICE 1 TBS HONEY ICE
3/4 CUP KALE,
CUP
APPLE,
CUP CARROT,
1/2 MEDIUM AVOCADO
BANANA
LEMON,
AUGUST: Send complete recipe by March 10! Please include your name, address and phone number.  wren@wyomingrea.org |  [307] 772-1968  214 W. Lincolnway Ste. 21C Cheyenne, WY 82001  wyomingrea.org/wren-submissions SUBMIT A RECIPE SUBMIT A RECIPE Send complete recipe by JULY 15! Please include your name, address and phone number.  wren@wyomingrea.org |  [307] 286-8140  214 W. Lincolnway Ste. 21C Cheyenne, WY 82001  wyomingrea.org/wren-submissions DIPS
24 JUN E 2024 COUNTRY COOKS

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Will This Strange Antarctic Squid Solve America’s Memory Crisis?

New Deep Sea Discovery Proven to Be The #1 Natural Enhancer of Memory and Focus

Halfa mile beneath the icy waters off the coast of Argentina lives one of the most remarkable creatures in the world.

Fully grown, they’re less than 2 feet long and weigh under 10 pounds…

But despite their small size, this strange little squid can have a bigger positive impact on your brain health than any other species on the planet.

They are the single richest source of a vital “brain food” that 250 million Americans are starving for, according to a study published in the British Medical Journal.

It’s a safe, natural compound called DHA – one of the building blocks of your brain. It helps children grow their brains significantly bigger during development. And in adults, it protects brain cells from dying as they get older.

Because DHA is so important, lacking enough of it is not only dangerous to your overall health but could be directly related to your brain shrinking with age.

With more than 16 million Americans suffering from ageassociated cognitive impairment, it’s clear to a top US doctor that’s where the problem lies.

Regenerative medicine specialist Dr. Al Sears, says thankfully, “there’s still hope for seniors. Getting more of this vital brain food can make a life changing difference for your mental clarity, focus, and memory.”

Dr. Sears, a highly-acclaimed, board-certified doctor— who has published more than 500 studies and written 4 bestselling books — says we should be able to get enough DHA in our diets… but we don’t anymore.

“For thousands of years, fish were a great natural source of DHA. But due to industrial fish farming practices, the fish we eat and the fish oils you see at the store are no longer as nutrient-dense as they once were,” he explains.

DHA is backed by hundreds of studies for supporting razor sharp focus, extraordinary mental clarity, and a lightning quick memory… especially in seniors.

So, if you’re struggling with focus, mental clarity, or memory as

you get older…

Dr. Sears recommends a different approach.

THE SECRET TO A LASTING MEMORY

Research has shown that our paleo ancestors were able to grow bigger and smarter brains by eating foods rich in one ingredient — DHA.

“Our hippocampus thrives off DHA and grows because of it,” explains Dr. Sears. “Without DHA, our brains would shrink, and our memories would quickly fade.”

A groundbreaking study from the University of Alberta confirmed this. Animals given a diet rich in DHA saw a 29% boost in their hippocampus — the part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. As a result, these animals became smarter.

Another study on more than 1,500 seniors found that those whose brains were deficient in DHA had significantly smaller brains — a characteristic of accelerated aging and weakened memory.

MEMORY-RESTORING SENSATION: The memory-saving oil in this Antarctic squid restores decades of lost brain power starting in just 24 hours.

from a farmed source. That will protect your brain cells and the functions they serve well into old age.”

Dr. Sears and his team worked tirelessly for over 2 years developing a unique brain-boosting formula called Omega Rejuvenol

It’s made from the most powerful source of DHA in the ocean, squid and krill — two species that cannot be farmed.

time high. I’ve always had trouble concentrating, and now I think I know why,” raves Bernice J. “The difference that Omega Rejuvenol makes couldn’t be more noticeable.”

And 70-year-old Mark K. says, “My focus and memory are back to age-30 levels.”

PEOPLE’S BRAINS ARE SHRINKING AND THEY DON’T

EVEN KNOW IT

Dr. Sears uncovered that sometime during the 1990s, fish farmers stopped giving their animals a natural, DHA-rich diet and began feeding them a diet that was 70% vegetarian.

“It became expensive for farmers to feed fish what they’d eat in the wild,” explains Dr. Sears. “But in order to produce DHA, fish need to eat a natural, marine diet, like the one they’d eat in the wild.”

“Since fish farmers are depriving these animals of their natural diet, DHA is almost nonexistent in the oils they produce.”

“And since more than 80% of fish oil comes from farms, it’s no wonder the country is experiencing a memory crisis. Most people’s brains are shrinking and they don’t even know it.”

So, what can people do to improve their memory and brain function in the most effective way possible?

Dr. Sears says, “Find a quality DHA supplement that doesn’t come

According to Dr. Sears, these are the purest and most potent sources of DHA in the world, because they haven’t been tampered with. “Omega Rejuvenol is sourced from the most sustainable fishery in Antarctica. You won’t find this oil in any stores.”

MORE IMPRESSIVE RESULTS

Already, the formula has sold more than 850,000 bottles. And for a good reason, too. Satisfied customers can’t stop raving about the memory-boosting benefits of quality-sourced DHA oil.

“The first time I took it, I was amazed. The brain fog I struggled with for years was gone within 24 hours. The next day, I woke up with the energy and mental clarity of a new man,” says Owen R.

“I remember what it was like before I started taking Omega Rejuvenol… the lack of focus… the dull moods… the slippery memory… but now my mind is as clear as it’s ever been,” says Estelle H.

“My mood and focus are at an all-

These are just a handful of the thousands of reviews Dr. Sears regularly receives thanks to his breakthrough memory formula, Omega Rejuvenol

WHERE TO FIND OMEGA REJUVENOL

To secure bottles of this brainbooster, buyers should contact the Sears Health Hotline at 1-800-4406299. “It takes time to manufacture these bottles,” says Dr. Sears. “The Hotline allows us to ship the product directly to customers who need it most.”

Dr. Sears feels so strongly about this product, he is offering a 100%, money-back guarantee on every order. “Send back any used or unused bottles within 90 days and I’ll rush you a refund,” says Dr. Sears.

The Hotline is taking orders for the next 48 hours. After that, the phone number may be shut down to allow for inventory restocking.

Call 1-800-440-6299 to secure your limited supply of Omega Rejuvenol. Readers of this publication immediately qualify for a steep discount, but supplies are limited. To take advantage of this great offer use Promo Code OMWREN524 when you call.

JUN E 2024 27 THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THIS PRODUCT IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE. RESULTS MAY VARY. 23
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Let ‘er Buck

Gene had a great love of horses and the cowboy way of life. He was nominated into the Cowboy Hall of Fame by his eldest son J.B. Wollen. Gene passed away at the age of 82 on June 6, 2016.

He did things with horses that I couldn’t do. I wasn’t the cowboy he was,” Wollen said. “I suppose he was on a horse probably before he could walk.”

In fact, his family says Gene learned to walk at the early age of nine months, and oftentimes his mother would catch him headed to the barn and corrals where the horses were.

Byron Eugene (Gene) Wollen was born to Wyoming Pioneer Homesteaders, Byron E. and Flora L. Wollen on

January 13, 1934 in Douglas and was raised on the homestead which was located northeast of Bill, Wyoming. He attended Converse County Rural Schools and town schools later on.

When he was not in school he worked alongside his father helping with the care of the Thunder Basin Grazing Association Community Pasture. Gene always went with his dad on horseback through the north country from the homestead to the Thunder Basin Grasslands. If they were near a

PHOTOS COURTESY OF WYOMING COWBOY HALL OF FAME
Gene on his horse Lighting, holding J.B.’s oldest daughter Jolea in 1981 when she was born. He always liked to give the grandkids the first ride on a horse. He said when he was breaking Lighting he was one of the hardest bucking horses he had ever rode.
28 JUN E 2024 WYOMING COWBOY HALL OF FAME CO-OP SPOTLIGHT

neighbor’s place, they would spend the night and move on the next day.

“He was a cowboy, raised to be a cowboy,” Wollen said.

Gene found himself most at home on the ranch, especially alongside his dad. Wollen recalls his dad saying “I didn’t think I needed an education. I didn’t want to be in school. I wanted to be out there with my dad on the ranch.”

There’s plenty of stories to share about these working days.

One time Gene was bucked off a horse at Thunder Basin and rolled through the cactus. Wollen retold the story –“He kind of forgot what horse he was riding … I think Grandpa told him to get the horse moving so he stabbed him with his spurs and [the horse] come undone and rolled him out to the cactus.”

Gene was promptly told to hop back on his horse so the group could all head back to cow camp, to which he vehemently replied, “How am I supposed to ride?! I’m full of cactus!”

It’s a bit of a mystery what happened from there. It was either a long walk back to camp leading the horse, or maybe a pickup ride standing in the back. Gene’s dad and the other cowboys spent the evening pulling the cactus out of him with pliers by lantern light until he couldn’t take it anymore.

Gene learned plenty at a young age. Wollen recounts how his dad was introduced to shoeing horses at the age of 14.

“He went to Grandpa and said, “I need you to shoe my horse and [Grandpa] basically told him ‘you know where the shoeing stuff is. Go for it.’’’

Gene would go on to shoe horses for several people in his community well into the 1980s.

Wollen relates to similar words of wisdom from his relationship with his dad. He recalled a time when they were riding through a furrow where they had plowed up the lower meadows and he couldn’t seem to get control of his horse. “I couldn’t stop him or turn him. He went clear to the windbreak and he hit the fence at the end and I stepped off of him,” Wollen said. “I told Dad, ‘You cannot stop or turn that horse.’”

“I’ve never seen a horse I can’t turn or stop,” Gene replied.

Later that weekend, Gene took the horse out to prove his point to his son. The horse started trying to trot on the way home and came square with a piece of barbed wire fence coming out of the corrals. The horse, trying to avoid the impending doom, tried to jump over the fence.

“It hit [the horse] right in the breast collar but it stood them both out there on their

He was a cowboy, raised to be a cowboy.

heads. They sat there for a while, trying to get [their] bearings – him and the horse both.”

“He came down where I was feeding cows later and he had blood coming down his chin and down the front of his coat and he said, ‘You know, you’re right. You couldn’t stop or turn that horse!’ But he didn’t take my word for it,” Wollen laughed.

Gene was always willing to help his neighbors whenever he could, if they needed to borrow something, or just help them with gathering, branding or shipping cattle. And, it’s likely there are horses alive today that Gene either broke or rode.

“I know I miss him,” Wollen said. “All the time I’m wanting to ask him questions about a horse he had, or a horse he might have rode … he broke so many horses over the years.”

W
Maggie York is a sixth-generation Wyoming native. She grew up in Lander and has family roots across the state.
JUN E 2024 29 Collections & Exhibits featuring: The Famous Garden Spot Dance Pavilion & the Big Band Era Ghost Towns Pioneer Ranches ~ Tie Hacks Odd Fellow's Skeleton World War I & II Fort Halleck Local History FREE ADMISSION MEMORIAL DAY -LABOR DAY WED 1 -7 PM FRI & SAT 10 AM - 5 PM YEAR ROUND BY APPOINTMENT 105 Bridge Street 105 Bridge Street Elk Mountain, WY Elk Mountain, WY 3307-348-7037 07-348-7037 ElkMountainMuseum.com ElkMountainMuseum.com Follow Us @ ElkMountainMuseum Follow Us @ ElkMountainMuseum PRODUCED N COOPERAT ON W TH THE CARBON COUNTY V S TOR S COUNC L
Gene competing as a bull rider.

Sunset Over the Lake

Rob McIntosh, Torrington

Dock of The Bay

Piper Whitney-Brown, Wheatland

Clouds and Cattails

Heather McLaughlin, Upton

Mountain Sunset

Andre’ Nolt, Rozet

Cow Reflections

Charlene Camblin, Gillette

Northern Lights Reflections

Ben Mason, Newcastle

Reflections

Carrie Miller, Laramie

06 01 02 04 03 05 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 REFLECTIONS DOG DAYS THIS MONTH: AUGUST (DUE JULY 15): JUST PICTURE IT

Piper

Hay, I Can See Myself!

Betsy Jensen, Powell

The Old House

Tia Cranston, Moorcroft

Reflections

Aiyana Miller, Laramie

Cottonwood Clouds

Terry and Nicky Groenewold, Weston County

Hey Good Look’n!

Heather McLaughlin, Upton

12 13 11 08 08 09 10 11 12 13 09 10
Like Glass Whitney-Brown, Wheatland

Cecile

The

Reflections

Carrie

“Do

Betsy

Early

Susan

Tia

14 16 17 14 15 16 18 19 17
Lake Reflection
Meadowlark
A Wiechmann, Ten Sleep
Rainbow is Coming Carissa Camp, Powell
Miller, Laramie
you see what eye see?”
Jensen, Powell
Morning Light
Marich, Saratoga Two Perfect Sunsets
Cranston, Moorcroft 19 18 15 SUBMIT A PHOTO Please include your name, hometown and a title.  wren@wyomingrea.org  214 W. Lincolnway Ste. 21C Cheyenne, WY 82001  wyomingrea.org/wren-submissions Please submit high-quality digital files* or an original we can scan, as well as details about the artwork, the artist’s name, and the co-op. *Use the highest quality setting on your camera, or save digital artwork as a .jpg or .tif file with at least 300 dpi resolution. If you would like your work returned, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope. 32 JUN E 2024

HAPPENING REGIONAL MAP

01 | SOUTHEAST

ALBIN

JULY 13

Albin Day: 9am. Youth rodeo, parades, food trucks and entertainment. Free. Info: Jillian McLaughlin, 307-214-9827 or Albin Community Center, 307-246-3386.

CENTENNIAL

JULY 4-7

Library Book Sale: 11am-4pm. July 7 is $2 bag day. Info 307-745-8393.

JULY 6-7

FEATURED EVENT

EVANSTON BREW FEST

JULY 27  1PM-5PM BIT.LY/EVANSTON-BREW-FEST-2024

Get ready to sip on a variety of refreshing brews and enjoy a day filled with good vibes and great company. Whether you’re a beer connoisseur or just looking for a fun time, this event is a mustattend. Along with great brews, you’ll enjoy live music, food trucks and merchant vendors.

Your safety is important to us, so we will be following the Clear Bag Policy.

Location: Depot Square

Cost:

Presale Tickets - $40 (ends July 24 at 5pm)

Day of Event Tickets - $50

Info: Evanston Chamber of Commerce, 307-783-0370

SOUTHWEST

43rd Annual Centennial Valley Art Show and Sale Fundraiser: July 6 from 9am-6pm; July 7 from 9am-4pm. Nici Self Historical Museum. Fine art exhibition and free public art show featuring original photography, paintings, pottery, stained glass, sculptures and more from over 20 local and regional artists from rural southeast Wyoming. Stop by to view the exhibition or take home a piece of Wyoming and support both the museum and a local Wyoming artist. Info: niciselfmuseum.com.

CHEYENNE

JULY 12 / AUGUST 23 / SEPTEMBER 6

Hell on Wheels Rodeo and Chuck Wagon Dinner: 5-7pm. Laramie County Fair Rodeo Arena. Doors open at 5, dinner at 5:30, rodeo at 7pm. Features an open rodeo format so anyone can pay the entry fee and compete in nine different rodeo events. Entry closes the Monday before each rodeo. VIP Ticket $80, Youth VIP $70, Chuck Wagon Dinner and Rodeo Ticket $60, Youth Chuck Wagon and Rodeo Ticket $55, Rodeo Only Ticket $25, Youth Rodeo Only Ticket $20. Info: Jim Walter, 307-772-7250, jim@cheyenne.org, cheyenne.org.

LARAMIE

JULY 20

Albany County CattleWomen Ranch Tour: 8am. Meet at the parking lot at the Wyoming Territorial Prison Historic Site to tour ranches. Drive your own car or reserve a seat on the bus for $40. Box lunches available for $15. Bus and lunch reservations due July 1. Info: Betty Wortman, 307-399-4186 or 307-760-5590, wyaccw.com.

LUSK

JULY 12-13

Legend of the Rawhide: 7pm. Niobrara County Fairgrounds. Info: Jackie Bredthauer, 307-334-2950, 1-800-223-LUSK, luskchamberofcommerce@yahoo.com, visitlusk.weebly.com.

JULY 20

Fly In with a Pancake Breakfast: 7am. Lusk Airport. Info: Jackie Bredthauer, 307-334-2950, 1-800-223-LUSK, luskchamberofcommerce@ yahoo.com, visitlusk.weebly.com.

JULY 26-AUGUST 2

County Fair: Fairgrounds. Ranch rodeo, color run, gymkhana and AG expo. Info: Jackie Bredthauer, 307-334-2950, 1-800-223-LUSK, luskchamberofcommerce@ yahoo.com, visitlusk.weebly.com.

SARATOGA

JULY 6-7

Festival of the Arts: Platte Valley Community Center. Free. Info: morrow.laura@gmail.com.

WRIGHT

JULY 20

Western Swing Live Music: 5-9pm. Provided by Hwy 59. Buffalo burgers and chips. Suggested donation of $10 per person or $30 per family. Info: wrightcentennialmuseum@gmail.com.

02 | NORTHEAST

BUFFALO

THURSDAYS

Bluegrass Jam Session: 6:30pm. Occidental Saloon. Free. Info: 307-684-0451.

CASPER

JULY 5-13

Central Wyoming Fair & PRCARodeo: Fairgrounds. Info: 307-235-5775, cwfr@centralwyomingfair.com, centralwyomingfair.com.

CLEARMONT

JULY-AUGUST

Clearmont Historical Center: Open 10am-4pm. Wed, Fri, Sat. Info: 307-758-4685, clearmonthistory@gmail.com.

DAYTON

JULY 26-27

Dayton Days: 47th annual festival celebrating the community of Dayton. Live music and family-friendly activities. Info: daytonwyoming.org or Town Hall, 307-655-2217.

GILLETTE

JULY 20

Tractor Show and Rockpile Museum’s 50th Anniversary: 9am. Field between the Rockpile Museum and the Campbell County Fire Department. We will have sweet treats for visitors, free museum admission and the sealing of a commemorative time capsule. It’s also the car show at the Frontier Auto Museum. Info: Heather Rodriguez, 307-682-5723, heather.rodriguez@campbellcountywy.gov.

WHAT’S
02 01 03 04
PHOTO COURTESY OF EVANSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JUN E 2024 33 JULY WHAT’S HAPPENING

THIRD WEEK OF EVERY MONTH

Open Mic Nite: 6-9pm. Thu. or Fri. depending on the schedule. Frontier Auto Museum. Free. All musicians are welcome. We supply the stage, mic and speakers. Bring your voice and/or instrument for an enjoyable evening under the neon lights. Upcoming dates will be posted on facebook.com/frontierauto.

Info: Ryan Swanson, 307-686-5667, relics@frontierauto.net.

HULETT

MONDAY-FRIDAY

Senior Exercise Class: 9-10am. Hulett Library. Info: 307-467-5743.

MONDAY-FRIDAY

Hulett Museum and Art Gallery: 9am-5pm. Free. Info: 307-467-5292.

MOORCROFT

JULY 10

Pollinator Party: Reading Program: 1pm. Join Keyhole State Park & Moorcroft Branch Library staff for a pollinator themed storytime. We will make seed bombs, tour the new pollinator garden and one lucky attendee will win a 2024 Annual State Park Permit. State Park entrance fee required. Info: 307-756-3232.

JULY 17

Magician Cody Landstrom: 10am. Moorcroft Branch Library. Cody combines the skills of comedy magic, astonishing sleight of hand and masterful juggling into a one-of-akind performance. No storytime this week. Info: 307-756-3232.

THIRD THURSDAY OF MONTH

Adult Book Club: 1pm. Moorcroft Branch Library. New book each month. Stop by the library for your copy. Info: 307-756-3232.

MONDAY-FRIDAY

West Texas Trail Museum: 9am-5pm. Info: 307-756-9300.

NEWCASTLE

THIRD SATURDAYS

Weston County Democrats: 4pm. Weston County Library. Info: 307-941-1822.

FRIDAYS

Bingo: 7:30pm. VFW Hall. Free.

SHERIDAN

JULY 4

4th of July Fireworks at Connor Park: Connor Battlefield State Historic Site, County Rd 67, Ranchester.

JULY 6

Karz Rod Run: 10am-3pm. Sheridan VA Medical Center. 33rd annual Rod Run show with 150 hot rods, muscle, classic cars and trucks as well as vendors! Info: karz.clubexpress.com or Maggie Randall, 307-752-3835.

JULY 6

Untapped Homebrew Festival: 12-4pm. Brundage Street between Brooks and Main. Presented by WYO Theater and Bighorn Homebrew Club. Features the finest homebrewed beer from Sheridan and across the state of Wyoming. Enter on Main Street for tickets. Info: 307-672-9084.

JULY 8-14

Sheridan WYO Rodeo Week: Sheridan County Fairgrounds. Join all week long for On the Million Dollar Tour of Professional Rodeos with the world’s top cowgirls and cowboys! In addition to four nightly PRCA rodeos and morning slack (preliminary elimination) performances, this week includes the World Champion Indian Relay Races, parade, street dances, Boot Kick-Off, carnival, pancake breakfast, Sneakers & Spurs Run, The First People’s Pow Wow, Rodeo Parade and more. Info: sheridanwyorodeo. com or Rodeo Central, 307-675-9963.

JULY 12

Shakespeare in the Park: 6:308:30pm. Kendrick Park Bandshell. Join Montana Shakespeare in the Parks for a performance of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Free. Pack a picnic, grab your friends and enjoy this world class performance!

JULY 16

Unplug with Discovery Sessions: A Bat Walk in the Park: 8:30am-10pm. South Park Recreation Area. As the sun sets, these flying mammals will take to the sky in search of insects. We’ll use special equipment that translates bat calls into noises and images we can hear and see as the bats forage above our heads in search of a good meal. Free. Fun for all ages!

JULY 17

White Glove Tour: Trail End State Historic Site: 6-8pm. Trail End State Historic Site/Kendrick Mansion. Put on your white gloves and take a guided tour with Trail End’s Superintendent and Curator Sharie! This special after-hours tour of the mansion will give you the opportunity to step behind the

velvet rope and into spaces not normally on exhibit. Info: trailend.org.

JULY 24

Summer Evening at the Mansion: 6-8pm. Kendrick Mansion/Trail End Historic Site. Enjoy a free evening on the lawn! Tour the museum, play badminton and croquet, bring a picnic dinner and listen to music! Info: Trail End, 307-674-4589.

JULY 25-27

Bighorn Crawlers Summer Safari: Bighorn Mountains with Lodging at Bear Lodge. This annual event shows off our wonderful Bighorn Mountains. Info: bighornmountaincrawlers.com.

JULY 27

Annual Tournament of Knights & Queen’s Dinner: 10am-8pm. Sheridan County Fairgrounds. Tournament of Knights will feature the Knights of Mayhem from Eagle Mountain, UT. Renaissance Faire, jousting, sword fighting, activities for adults and children. Queen’s Dinner to follow the Tournament of Knights (separate ticket needed). Thematic dinner with a scene from Henry V. Info: CHAPS Equine Assisted Therapy, 307-673-6161.

JULY 26-AUGUST 5

Sheridan County Fair: Sheridan County Fairgrounds. Family fun focused on livestock and crafts competitions and special events. Free. Info: 307-674-2980.

THIRD THURSDAYS IN SUMMER

3rd Thursday Street Festival: 5-9pm. Main Street between Alger and Loucks. Enjoy family fun, food, live music and fabulous vendors. Free. Info: 307-672-8881.

SATURDAYS

Landon’s Farmer’s Market: 10am. Landon’s Greenhouse, 505 College Meadows Dr. Info: 307-672-8340.

SUNDANCE

WEDNESDAYS

Storytime: 10:30am. Crook County Public Library. Info: Tonia, 307-283-1008.

UPTON

SECOND TUESDAYS

Veteran Breakfast: 8am. Upton Senior Center. Free. Info: Gary Barnes, 307-468-9251.

FIRST AND THIRD WEDNESDAYS Bingo at Senior Center: 6:30pm. $10 for 10 cards. Info: 307-468-9262.

03 | NORTHWEST

BASIN

THURSDAYS THROUGH JULY 25

Entertainment in the Park: 7pm. Washington Park. Info: Carmen Olson, 307-899-0446.

CODY

MONDAY-SATURDAY

Cody Country Art League Gallery: 9am-5pm. 836 Sheridan Ave. Info: 307-587-3597.

DUBOIS

JULY 4

Kiwanis Kids Games: 10:30am. Dubois Town Park. Info: 307-455-2243, dubwykiw@gmail.com.

JULY 5

The Young Volcanoes of Northwest Wyoming: Characteristics and Causes: 6pm. Presented by The Wyoming Community Bank Discovery Speaker Series Program. The greater Dubois region is home to numerous smallvolume volcanoes that were active over the last 5 million years. We will discuss the types of volcanoes, styles of volcanism, and current research that is focused on understanding why these volcanoes formed and if they are related to the Yellowstone hotspot. Free. Open to the public. Info: 307-455-2284.

JULY 6

Lava Mountain Geology Trek: 9am. Part of the Wind River Visitors Council Adventure Trek Series. Dr. Matt Brueseke will lead a geology trek up Lava Mountain to learn about volcanic activity up close. This is considered a difficult hike. Participants should pack bear spray, bug spray, a hat, trekking poles, water and lunch. $20 per person, limited slots available, advanced registration required. Info: 307-455-2284.

JULY 9

Dr. Dave Love Driving Geology Trek: 8:30am-2pm. Part of the Wind River Visitors Council Adventure Trek Series. Dave Love will lead a geology tour of the western Wind River Mountains and adjacent Wind River Basin. The driving tour includes several stops with short walks to see magnificent views of the landscape and outcrops of rocks ranging in age from 2.65 billion years old to younger volcanic, glacial and stream deposits only a few thousand years old. Bring lunches, water, reasonable walking shoes, rain gear and insect repellent. $15 per person, limit 20 people, reservations required. Info: 307-455-2284.

34 JUN E 2024 JULY WHAT’S HAPPENING

JULY

16

Moon Lake Adventure Trek: 8am. Dubois Museum. Part of the Wind River Visitors Council Adventure Trek Series. Enjoy hiking and learning about water quality and the effects of early settlers introducing fish to new waters. Bring water, lunch, bug spray, bear spray, sunscreen, trekking poles and hiking boots. This is a difficult and strenuous hike, about eight miles round trip. $20 per person, limited slots available, advanced registration required. Info: 307-455-2284.

JULY 20

Kids Corner: Butter Churning: 9am. Dubois Museum. Part of the Bailey Tire & Pit Stop Children’s Exploration Series. Come learn about life on the homestead! Kids will learn about everyday tasks and chores that homesteaders completed, what a typical day looked like for a homesteader and participate in one of those tasks: churning butter! Participants will be able to enjoy and take home the butter they make. Advanced registration required. Info: 307-455-2284.

JULY 24-25

WHF Community Wellness Screening: 6:30-9am each morning by appointment. Headwaters Conference Center. Sponsored by Dubois Kiwanis. Info: 800-979-3711, wyominghealthfairs.com.

JULY 30

Bonneville Pass Adventure Trek: 8:30am. Dubois Museum. Part of the Wind River Visitors Council Adventure Trek Series. Join museum staff and regional expert Lynn Stewart on a hike through Bonneville Pass. Experience the breathtaking flora and fauna at high elevation. Bring bear spray, bug spray, hiking boots, trekking poles, hat, water and lunch. Moderate to difficult due to elevation (about six miles). $20 per person, limited slots available, advanced registration required. Info: 307-455-2284.

THURSDAYS Farmer’s Market: 4-6pm. Headwaters. Info: Twila Blakeman, 307-851-0785.

FRIDAYS

Family Story Time: 11:30am. Dubois Branch Library. Free. Songs, stories and crafts for ages birth to 5 years. Older siblings are welcome to join the fun. Stay and play in the Children’s Library after story time. Info: 307-455-2992.

THIRD WEDNESDAYS

Wyoming Health Fairs Monthly Wellness Screen/Blood Draw: 7:30-10am. Dubois Medical Clinic. Appointments encouraged. Info: 307-455-2516, whf.as.me/dubois.

FRIDAYS

Story Time: 11:30am. Dubois Branch Library, 202 N First St. Free. Stretches, story, songs, crafts and fun! Ages birth to 5 years. Info: 307-455-2992.

GREYBULL

SECOND SATURDAYS

Greybull Ladies Coffee: Greybull Library. Info: 307-765-2100.

JACKSON

THROUGH AUGUST 17

Grand Teton Music Festival (GTMF): Tickets to all of GTMF’s 63rd season

programs are on sale now, including the world premiere of a GTMF co-commission, family and community presentations, Musical Adventures, On the Road, Free Family Concert and FamilyJam, pre-concert talks and open rehearsals, and the Coombs Outdoors Partnership. Info: 307-733-1128, gtmf.org.

LANDER

JULY 13

Eagle Bronze Foundry Tour: 10am. Pioneer Museum. Meet at 9:30am to take a bus to the facility. Part of the Wind River Visitors Council Adventure Trek. Artists from all over the world trust Eagle Bronze to bring their works to life. From the Grand Ole Opry awards to statues on the White House Rotunda, even as far as Sicily are brought to life in bronze in Lander’s own foundry. Join us to witness these magnificent pieces being created from inception to bronzing. $15 per person, limit 20 people, reservations required. Info 307-332-3339.

JUN E 2024 35 JULY WHAT’S HAPPENING

WEDNESDAYS THROUGH AUGUST 28

Eagle Spirit Dancers: 7pm. Pioneer Museum. This dazzling event showcases Native American History and Culture. Free. Open to the public. Donations are greatly appreciated.

SATURDAYS

Acoustic Music Jam: 11am-1pm. Lander Bake Shop. Info: 307-332-3237.

RIVERTON

JULY 10

Ross Goff Lost Cabin Gas Plant Talk: 6-7pm. Riverton Museum. Part of the Wyoming Community Bank Discovery Speaker Series. Ross Goff, superintendent of the Lost Cabin Gas Plant, will talk about the past and current operations in the Lysite area and will present on a general history of gas and the wells put in since the 1950’s. Free. Open to the public. Info: 307-856-2665.

WEDNESDAYS

Acoustic Music Jam: 6:30-8:30pm. Holiday Inn Convention Center. Free. Join in or listen as musicians and dancers perform. Info: 307-856-8100.

PreK Tales & Tunes: 10:30am. Riverton Branch Library. Ages 3-5. Free. Info: 307-856-3556.

Starlight Storytime: 5:30pm. Riverton Branch Library. Ages birth to 5 years. Free. Info: 307-856-3556.

THURSDAYS

Toddler Move & Groove: 10:30am. Riverton Branch Library. Ages birth to 2 years. Free. Info: 307-856-3556.

ONGOING

Fremont County Libraries

Activities: 10:30am PreK Tales & Tunes on Wednesdays. 5:30pm Starlight Storytime for ages birth to 5 years on Wednesdays. 10:30am Toddler Move & Groove for birth to 2 years on Thursdays. 4-5pm LEGO Club grades 2-5 on Thursdays. Info: 307-856-3556, fclsonline.org.

MEETEETSE

TUESDAYS-SATURDAYS IN JULY

“Melding Art in Today’s World” Art Show: 10am-5pm. Meeteetse Museums. This show features Rhonda Schmeltzer’s work, a fiber artist well known for her striking art quilts that are widely displayed and appreciated all over Wyoming, the country and the world! Free. Info: 307-868-2423.

JULY 13

Appliqué Quilt Workshop: 1pm. Meeteetse Museums. Learn to appliqué quilt (or practice if you’re already a pro!) by making a throw pillow based on a Double Dee Dude Ranch book cover design from the Meeteetse Museum collections! Taught by local artist Anna Sapp. Supplies will be provided, pre-registration is required; workshop limited to 10 spots. Info: 307-868-2423.

JULY 20

Double Dee Dude Ranch Tour: 9am. Meeteetse Museums. Explore the historic ranch, experience a press conference by “Amelia Earhart’’ to learn more about her life and time at the ranch, and see a demonstration of a pack string by the Forest Service! High clearance vehicles recommended. If you do not have a high-clearance vehicle we unfortunately cannot guarantee your ability to attend the program. Free. Info: 307-868-2423.

MONDAYS AND WEDNESDAYS

Yoga: 10:30am. Meeteetse Recreation District. Info: 307-899-2698, meetrec.org.

MONDAYS

Toddler Storytime: After school. Meeteetse Library. All kids grades 1+ not in school. Legos, board games, crafts, stories, songs and more. Info: 307-868-2248.

POWELL

JULY 13

“Creative Blacksmith” Tour at the Hillsboro Ranch Highlighting Eddy Hurlbert: Homesteader Museum in partnership with the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area in anticipation for the Spark! Places of Innovation MoMS Smithsonian Exhibit sponsored by Wyoming Humanities touring throughout the state. Info: 307-548-5406, 307-754-9481.

JULY 26

Homesteader Museum Book Club: 9am. Discussion YA Graphic Novels “The Curie Society 1 & 2” by Heather Einhorn. Info: 307-754-9481.

TUESDAY-FRIDAY

Homesteader Museum: 10am-5pm. Private tours or visits available. Info: 307-754-9481, homesteader@parkcounty-wy.gov.

SATURDAYS

Homesteader Museum: 10am-2pm. Private tours or visits available. Info: 307-754-9481, homesteader@parkcounty-wy.gov.

TEN SLEEP

JULY 3-4

4th of July Parade and Rodeo: This small town rodeo experience is big on intensity and fun. Ten Sleep is one of the best small town rodeos in the nation and has seen many famous cowboys pay entry fees including Chris LeDoux, Jim Sharp and Ty Murray. You will not find a more authentic western rodeo anywhere in the country, so stop in and see true cowboys in action. The event is western fun for the whole family! Info: 307-366-2311, bighornmountaincountry.com/ ten-sleep-4th-of-july-rodeo.

THERMOPOLIS

SECOND SATURDAYS

SUBMIT AN EVENT

Send complete information for September events by JULY 15!

Be sure to include the date, title, description, time, cost, location, address and contact information for each event.

Photos are always welcome.

Great Until 8!: 4-8pm. This event showcases the businesses who are staying open until 8pm or later in town. Shop after 5pm and enter in for a chance to win $100 gift certificates valid at the business with the winning receipt. Info: 917-589-7852, mainstreetthermopolis@gmail.com.

WORLAND

JULY 20

Business Expo: 9am-3pm. Washakie Museum & Cultural Center. Info: 307-347-4102.

04 | SOUTHWEST

LYMAN

THURSDAYS

Look for more events at wyomingrea.org/news.

QUESTIONS & SUBMISSIONS:

wren@ wyomingrea.org

[307] 286-8140

214 W. Lincolnway Ste. 21C Cheyenne, WY 82001  wyomingrea.org/ wren-submissions

Storytime: 11am. Lyman Branch Library. All ages welcome. Free. Info: 307-787-6556, uintalibrary.org.

MOUNTAIN VIEW

MONDAYS

Cub Scout Pack 7798 Meeting: 3:45pm. Presbyterian Church on 3rd Street. We are always accepting new boys who are in grades 1-5. Info: MarNae, 307-677-2566.

WEDNESDAYS

Storytime: 11am. Uinta County Library. Info: 307-782-3161.

ONGOING

Community Classes: Valley Learning Center. Fitness, computer, workforce and kids’ classes are available. Times and prices vary. Info: 307-782-6401, valleylearningcenter.coursestorm.com.

36 JUN E 2024 JULY WHAT’S HAPPENING

Earth

The

Pearl Jam

The

Kiss

Maroon 5

Nirvana

The

and Fire

Classifieds

FOR SALE

New & Used Coal Stokers, parts, service & advice. Available for most makes. Thanks. 307-754-3757.

MISCELLANEOUS

Soon Church/Government uniting, suppressing “Religious Liberty” enforcing “National Sunday Law.” Be Informed! Free materials. TSBM, PO Box 374, Ellijay, GA 30540, tbsmads@yahoo.com, 1-888-211-1715.

WANTED

We Pay Cash For Mineral & Oil/Gas Interests producing & nonproducing. 800-733-8122.

WANTED CJ or Wrangler reasonably priced. Any condition but rusted. 800-316-5337.

Frontier Auto Museum Looking For Oil Company Gas Pumps, Globes And Signs. Also looking for general antiques for our antique shop. Please go to our website FrontierAutoMuseum.com. Located in Gillette WY, our passion is to preserve Wyoming history and the nostalgia of the past, especially Parco, Sinclair, Frontier, Husky and any car dealership along with all brands. We are also always looking for neon motel or store signs, WY license plates and WY highway signs and State Park signs. Please call Jeff Wandler 307-680-8647 wandlerfrontier@gmail.com or daughter Briana Brewer 307-660-2402 relics@frontierauto.net.

PUZZLE ON PAGE 20
WREN CLASSIFIED ADS ARE $0.75 PER SIX CHARACTERS CONTACT:  SHAWNA@GOLINDEN.COM  970-221-3232 19.Queen EARTHWINDANDFIRE THEBEACHBOYS PEARLJAM THEROLLINGSTONES KISS MAROON5 NIRVANA BEEGEES THEBEATLES LEDZEPPELIN VANHALEN THSUPREE PINKFLY QUEN BACKSABATH CLDPLY THWHO BAEAKDLADES AKINHEADS CEED
Wind
Beach Boys
Rolling Stones
Bee Gees
Beatles Led Zeppelin Van Halen DOWN: 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 9. 11. 13. 14. 15. 16. Creed The Supremes Pink Floyd Black Sabbath Bare Naked Ladies Talking Heads Coldplay The Who Queen ACROSS: 4. 7. 8. 10. 12. 14. 17. 18. 19. What’s in a name? JUN E 2024 37 CLASSIFIEDS PUZZLE ANSWERS WEAR A HELMET & WEAR BRIGHT CLOTHING BE SEEN BE SAFE

WAITING FOR SIGNS

It was an El Nino winter – nothing like last year, and that’s OK. But no matter how you rate them from easy to cataclysmic, everyone here in the Cowboy State is ready for it to finally wear out. For those of us here at 7,220 feet above sea level, it takes a little longer for that to happen. It drags on for what seems like forever, with gray windy cold that stretches endlessly out before you like the wind-scoured shortgrass prairie north of Rock River.

Spring comes eventually. Not in flowering trees and green growing things like it does in some other places, but in subtle hints and signs that you learn to read like breadcrumbs dropped to mark the way back to summer. Truthfully, some of them are easy to see. We noticed that when we moved into town. The young Laramigos here in the Gem City of the Plains are totally predictable. They break out the shorts and lawn chairs when the ambient temperature hits 45 degrees Fahrenheit. They’ve been bundled in their Carhartt chrysalis since Thanksgiving, so it’s

hard to fault them for emerging like butterflies when the threat of frostbite is diminished for even a few hours in April.

For those of us who are a little longer in the tooth, we don’t hang a lot of skin out there for God and everybody to see. Shoot, I don’t consider breaking out a straw hat until after Memorial Day and I don’t even own any shortsleeved shirts. The thermometer is a fickle friend, and the day that starts out gentle can turn wicked in a heartbeat when the mercury plummets 40 degrees in an hour. Nope, I wait for signs.

GASSON ENLIGHTEN US
PHOTO BY WALT

Meadowlarks

My old friend Bob maintains that the mountain bluebirds arrive back here on March 23. I don’t doubt it, but I also know that they don’t leave their down underwear back in Sonora when they come back north. Nope, I wait for the sound of a western meadowlark – almost always in April. If there’s a more iconic image of Wyoming than a meadowlark singing on a fencepost, I don’t know what it is. You see it, you hear it, and you never forget it. It’s kind of complex, with whistles on the front end, followed by kind of a gurgling warble. That sight, that sound is the very essence of spring in Wyoming.

Pasqueflowers

These guys are tough little risk-takers. You see them blooming in rockpiles at 8,000 feet up in the foothills when the snow is still hanging on over on the north-facing slopes. By late April, every little sunny spot in the sagebrush has a hairy little diadem of purple blossoms pushing up through the dead grass. Not much eats them because of the nasty oils they contain, but they’re a welcome sight after a long spell of gray and white and howling wind.

3

The sound of running water

No one with any connection to the land between the Missouri River and the Sierra Nevada takes it for granted. In Wallace Stegner’s magnificent book “The Sound of Mountain Water,” he says that aridity is the West’s ultimate unity. If you live in Wyoming, if you live from Alberta in the north to San Luis Potosi in the south, you live in a dry country. Altitude doesn’t matter, latitude doesn’t matter. We all live in a place where the sound of running water in the spring is the sweetest sound of all. Whether it’s the rumble of ice-off on the big rivers, or the barely audible drip of melting snow in the aspens, water is life here. It feeds us body and soul, just as it does the meadowlark and the pasqueflower. No matter how high the creek gets, no matter how much it rains, we never fail to add “…but we need the moisture.”

By the time you read this, spring will have sprung across the Cowboy State. New life will be all around. It might be a good time for us all to pause and give thanks for the early signs of spring and the reminder that we are, always and forever, connected to this special place. W

Walt Gasson is a fourth-generation Wyoming native, writer, and son of the sagebrush sea. He lives in Laramie, Wyoming.
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1

HOT DAYS COLD TREATS for

Watermelo n Icee Strawberry B anana

Ingredients:

1 1/2 C Plain Yogurt

1/3 C Each Strawberries, Blueberries, Blackberries (diced)

3/4 C Granola

3 tbsp Honey

Ingredients:

Watermelon Chunks (about 8 cups or ½ a medium watermelon)

1/3 C Honey (optional)

Juice of 1 Lime

Instructions:

1. In a bowl, mix the yogurt and honey together, then fold in the berries

2. In a popsicle mold, add layers of yogurt mix and granola until full

3. Place popsicle sticks in the center of each mold and freeze 5 hours

Ingredients:

1 lb Frozen Strawberries (slightly thawed)

2 Frozen Bananas (slightly thawed)

1/2 C Almond Milk

Ice Cream

These healthy, frozen, kid-approved snacks are great to make ahead so they will be ready exactly when you need them.

Instructions:

1. Combine ingredients in a blender and blend until combined

2. Pour mixture into a 9x9 or 9x13 baking dish; freeze for 1 hour

3. Take the mixture out and stir the slush, breaking apart the frozen pieces, and return to the freezer, repeating this process after 2 more hours, then freeze for 6 hours

4. Scoop into bowls and serve with a spoon

Fruit & Yo gurt

Popsicle

Instructions:

1. Put the ingredients into a food processor/blender and blend until smooth

2. Scoop into bowls

3. Add whatever toppings you likesprinkles are always welcome here

Let your kids measure, combine ingredients, scoop, pour, and – of course – taste test!

Cooking together teaches your kids many skills, and it’s a great way to spend some quality time.

All WY Quality Counts activities are supported by the Wyoming Early Learning Standards as well as the Domains of Development, which include: WY Quality Counts, housed in the Department of Workforce Services, helps Wyoming parents and child care providers identify and create quality learning experiences for children, thanks to the funding of the Wyoming Legislature. Sense of Self & Relationships Curious Minds Communication Strong & Healthy Bodies
Find fun activities to do with your kids at wyqualitycounts.org/wren “SALT DOUGH MOSAICS” Check
month's activity:
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