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ctober 2011 marks the Defense Intelligence Agency’s 50th anniversary, an important milestone in the history of the agency. for five decades DIA has provided timely and objective military intelligence to warfighters, defense planners and policymakers. from the Cold War to the Gulf War, from the conflict in Vietnam to the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, from confronting communism to battling terrorism, the talented and dedicated professionals of DIA have repeatedly demonstrated their commitment to excellence in defense of the nation.
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LTG Ronald L. Burgess Jr. Director, DIA Donald L. Black Chief Public Affairs
Jane A. McGehee Chief Internal Communications Dana M. Black Ma,uzging Editor Christina A. Cawley Margan C. Kerwin Jennifer M. Redding Editorial Staff
To celebrate the momentous occasion, the Communiqué published a year-long series of articles about DIA’s history from the 1960s to today, available together for the first time in this special issue.
Brian D. Nickey Desiqn/Loyout
The articles honor the dedication, sacrifices and hard work of all of the DIA men and women who have served the nation throughout this half century. May they offer a glimpse of the past that can help prepare present and future agency employees for the next 50 years.
Graphic Design and Publishing Services Branch Printing and Posting
DIA’s Communiqué is an authorized agency information publication, published for employees of DIA and members of the defense intelligence community. Contents of the Communiqué are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. government or the Department of Defense. Articles are edited for style, content and length. Correspondence should he addressed to: DIA Communiqué, Public Affairs Office, 200 Mac— Dill Blvd., Joint I3ase Anacostia-Bolling, Wash ington, D.C., 20340. Telephone: 202-231-0814 (DSN: 428-0814). The DIA Public Affairs Office welcomes your comments, which may be e-mailed to our Internet address at DIA-PAO’adodiis.mil or to our JWICS e-mail address at djem908-DIA’c,
5Dh 961 -201 CE[tBRATNG OUR LEGACY FORGbG OUR FUTURE
dodis.ic.gov.
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ou, the DIA, have made a difference. And the result is that we have a safer and more secure life for our children in the future. And in the end,
JJ
there can be no greater legacy.” —
SecretaLy of Defense Leon Paneta
www.dia.mil Right: Director of National Intelligence James Clapper addresses the audience during DIA’s 50th Anniversary commemoration. (Photo by CS)
anniversary special/october 2011 Contents Origins of the Defense Intelligence Agency By the Directorate for Mission Services, DA
Baptism by Fire: DIA in the 196Os
4
By the Directorate for Mission Services, DA
In Transition: DIA in the 1970s
6
By the 50th Anniversary Committee
The 1980s: The Defense Intelligence Agency Comes of Age
10
By the Directorate for Mission Services, DA
Defense Intelligence Analysis Finds a New Home in the 1980s
12
By Amy Lozinak Buckley, Directorate for Human Capital, HC
The Mystery Solved: Analysis in the 1980s at DIA
1)
By the Directorate for Analysis, Dl
DIA in the 199 Os: New Missions, New Adversaries
14
By the Office for International Engagement, IE
The 2000s: Years of Transformation
17
By the Directorate for Mission Services, DA
DIA’s Next Five Decades
20
By Director LTC Ronald L. Burgess Jr.
Time Capsule, Torch Bearers and Trees: Honoring 50 Years
21
By the Office for Congressional and Public Affairs, CP
Secretary of Defense Recognizes DIA and Its ‘Quiet Heroes’
22
196) -2011 OULEBRUOINO OUR IUUUOU FUROIRU OUR F000RU
Origins of the Defense Intelligence Agency
NO. 777-61 Ooford 53201
AUGUST 2, 061
UOEOIATE RELEASE
By the Directorate for Mission Services,
D4
DEPARThENT OF DEFENSE ANNOUNCES NEW DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE ASETIDY
Some have seen the creation of DIA as a reaction by the president and Congress to the post-Sputnik missile gap or the troubled Bay of Pigs operation, but the impetus f or consolidating defense intelligence can he
Deputy Secretary of Defense Roewell L. Gilpatric today announced the establishment of a new military intelligence organization, the Defense Ostelligence Agency IOTA). This new Defense Agency will report through the Joint Chiefs af Staff to the Secretary sf Defense and will combine a camber of ieteliigence functions heretofore carried oat independently by the tepurate military departcents. Consolidation ef certain intelligence functions under time Joint Chiefs of Staff is in full ceosanoece with the caecepts embodied in the NationaT Security Act of 1g47, at amended, and particularly the provitielt af the Defense Reorganization Au of 095g.
tr1cod to the early lust—World War II era, fua tim ucla support commcop; cent mood to grow iii the 1950s.
lificent change ie the organization and has been made with the approoal Raard. ahjectives ie estahlithing the DIA all ccxnpeeeots of the Departneet igeace and ae otreegtheniog the ever— - let dissamleation -
Piosident Dwight D. Eisenhower was not (‘ally sUt sfied with shm- :oot oil igence he was getting. During his years as a senior ml lit ux’:officiat, he had caper i once TUS in’ intel 1 lgeoU(’e on a dii 1 y has i s and dU-oooalid,’d that i t ho of (tie in ghost quality.
President John F. Kennedy and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, left, established the Defense Intelligence Agency, an occasion marked by a press release on Aug. 2, 1961, above. (DIA Archive images)
He I Uoo’’o that the CtaU’ a (UI Intel I iqence l’gexmcy (CIA) was limited in out the knd of technical it o- UInhio.y tp cjar mi litaay analysis Ii’- rrg;mirod and in: eliigence ‘or CUUIUO(-PUI by the’ ioodividUial sii litary services was lUU’Uvily irUthUooU’-ed by service irUt CU est. The Dfhce hi ots I h” SoU’2 of amy ot Ref core arid the Jo nt UUt Staff )TCI3) lacked a sUit t t.o ‘t”il with UI)! eU’tly to got I )-v S --‘)- ) SLUpOUUU! t
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all irUtelligence flU rho U. S. gu’ernment, -and the second maintained that intelligence had to remain wltIU rhc military because they needed it in watt inc. TIme; tonal reoor t proposed a new defense intelligence organiration with broad powers over the intelligence programs and act iv ities of Department of Defense (DDD) componentr. Actiog on the group’s recommendations and his Un-Ira UIU’I emooUioUat iota to ca eate a defense iootel— It UJU 015’ iUOE cUrl’, ,h:nome ty 5 Sr’-: otary of Ref erase P dyer I ,-L’-IU’Il,USU-Iv a d h ect eUd t (me JCS to t-U U 000) t a SlUt oUgrated all a’oooar’v I ht for a defense tob. 8, a6) ositil UaJ inteiliqence efforts U0 ‘
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its activation plan. IctIamara personally selected Pt Den Josesh F. Carroll to head the new agency. Carroll, who had worked as a civilian for the FBI earlier in his career, serving as t.he inspector was general for the U.S. Air Force in Washington, D.C., addressing the sensitive problem of infor
approval of
marion leahs throuptiour rice U.S. crovernment. His work had inspired McI1amr’s curoficiaryce
1 ige:tce assets to Euppcrt their existing reguirements as military advisors to he oh oilman, rho secretary, and the president At
the same tIme,
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Carroll had
difficulty getting money out of Congress. The services each had their: key supporters
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Right and below: Captured imagery from World War II.
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The new agency continued to face resistance. When the CDI, POUT in INCflSSIFZEO. IDncinsIfIYd by ITO/ClAN/CIA on 13 Sep
first five or six people were assigned to DIA they found that none of the services
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the fislcr for recolor ces was not the en]’.’ chal] eroje t he agency faced. flhsai vera
his deputy ZTG
William W.
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two och—r
ofdcers, and cwo secretar ies shared 1 1/2 cubicles in the tentagon. The services were reluctant to send DIA their best people, and Carroll was hesitant to push very hard in c]al;nlIig assets. He nade the decIsion early on that he was nong tu take from ‘-he cervices only whc he deemed ato’;.l ‘;t.ely ir”-ossar’ for DIP to ice; tos:: itr niissinic, and tive them with enough Intel
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wanted to give up any space in the Pentagon. Ct Den
Carroll,
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Cc’rtqi ess soc/I corn lamed that DIP was caking more ant more of their resources. Carroll ire— Lad to travel to Cord al client I Hi]] to rebUt thi a, an-i DIP ul I mat ely succeeded iii t Folding
wathid Cl,’5el t a see it Lho ‘y’C)lirIc or-nw void itumlilo. flu; incj t tics t hUE’ of t ruliS I t ion and tur 01101 1 it had ic make aii;:e that ruhst ant Lye i rot cli. I genre product ion did riot. yb’ her ioi it €‘. It a] so fiil 1 the rbil I FOOTe 1± 1) ‘‘VhdcnU FffZt 1 VP
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Below: A map from the Final Engi neering Report on the Highway In provement Program of the Republic of Vietnam, November 1962.
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5y 19612011 C[[ABRMING OUR [[GAO FORGING OUR FUIURI
the people doing intelligence outside DIA without degrading the nation’s intelligence capability. In addition, DIP immediately faced major chal lenges with the Soviets such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, corrutuiri st China, Laos and Vietnam, and the Congo. Lt Gen Carroll effectively guided DIP through that very difficult
Images from the Russian magazine Ogonek from July 1956. (DIA Archive images)
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DEN Andrew J. Goodpaster, part of the Joint Staff at the time, later observed, “If ever a man had to walk through a minefield blindfolded it was Joe Carroll, and he did that with courage, with constant resolution, and with tls
eat
patience.
—
Carroll’s steady leadership’, witlui n a short period of time the agency wan playing a key role is I dentifyinug sir nificarut intelligence targets, had built an effectire working rel st itsiushi p with tiur CIA, and hal begun to serve as a forum for resolving di fferences within t he let 0111 qence community. Hti0i
Baptism by Fire: DIA in the J960s By the Directorate for lil5S100 Services,
Secretary of Defense Robert McNainara established DIA Oct. 1, 1961. Iterore t mb ac ecy’ S OSt.d1)li hmeiit , t lie ‘,51flV, Navy and Air I”orce I of el 1.1 qence
organisrit I etirifli ct mg
I igence
tills
igentlas antI
a cl ear under s Land lug of foreign military raI bilit 1 ott anti lot en The nor vices
also per 1 ermed many of the same tasks, sak log their act ivit los of 1 CII redtiridiiiit uflci wasteful N:Namara’s goal in establishing Di A was to remove .
service biases and
4
parochial .intluences from oil itarv iritell igetice, vIii Ye at the settle I: ime streamlining the intel 11 mete process.
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The agency’ s first director was LL Deli Joseph Carroll.. Carrel 1 accepted thin pa7o in UNCLASSIFIED. lueclassifInd by ittO/DhN!DtA 0,13 SeP 20101 the posit ion r eluctant lv because h had no releign Intel Ligence amer ± once, but sere.’ecl from 1961 to 1969, the longest t enu r e of any DI A director. His task was to bui Id from sc; at ch a national — Amoco,, WS DOCUMENT CONT*,NS level null tary lop [[(Ill— ttI3il Intel Li goiwe 01 nins sat ion that The DIA Intelligence
lelied over
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Lions.
113
Communiqué
Sunaaary from Nov.8, 1961 is one of the first reports ever produced by the agency.
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Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) htspite little support from the services, which sometimes sent heir least ciuaiibed personnel to serve at DIA and retained their best personnel in the unified and specified commands, Carroll slowLy built up a large agency that performed a variety of intelligence functions. DIA was fully operat lonal by the middle of 1964, arid evenitu— ally expanded into space in the Pont aqon, Arl 1 nqton Hall Station in northern Virginia, and several otter sites 0100110 Washington, D.C. Thu agency laced its first major test in the summer of 1962, when I ha Soil et Union began
secretly sending nuclear armed haY Listic ire si-tiles to Cuba. In September DiP’ s analysts astutely combined human and imagery intel Li gerlc’c report i.ng to make the case I hat nuclear missiles might to present in Cuba The Lii qhs plan for the ne:et LI-S reconnaissance flight over the island, on Oct 14, .
.
5QLh 961 -2011 CElEBRATING OUR LEGACY
Below: A captured map from World War II.
was set
in accordance with DIA’s intoitigence assessment. The flight discovered Soviet nuclear missiles precisely where DIA analysts worried they would he. Despite this initial success, ;ontinued resistance from the seivices and DtA’s organi:ational shortcomings prevented the agency from maximi:ing coordination of she service intelligence organizations for tho remainder of the Cuban tIissile Crisis. While it briefed the secretary of defense and the ICS on a continuous basis, DIA struggled to coordinte and manage service intelligence activities.
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Ihe other major mill rary intelligence issue
in
the l960s was the conflici in Southeast Asia. tfter the United States introduced combat forces to South Vietnam in 1965, DIA began providing, among other things, bomb damage as
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sessments of the air campaign against the North, known as Operation Rolling Thunder, and order of battle (03) reports on enemy ground troops. In both activitiss, DIA found itself in the middle of major intelligence disputes. The agency’s official assessment s of Operation Roiling Thunder, which accorded with the JCS
z
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Left: Carl Fritzges, MS-3C, is presented with an award by COL Mcleod in 1968. A long-time DIA employee, Fritzges was known as “The Chief” and was a part of MS-3C, a programming shop located in the Cafritz Building until it moved into B Building at Arlington Hall Station.
posi Lion, argued t lint. t he campaign was fai I inc1 to at’loieve
I
its goal of forcing No Lb Trot niini t 0 t he ni ijot at 113
1. ahi i hut that it might. cia cci if it hiceti C hi i ut t-nmi foal was cvrjrandecr and mit oils i.fiial ciincpaiclnl still failed, McNamar i, air eacly cli si 1 I us booed w.i Lb t lie war , t urrec.i t ci C’ IA for what he f ol. t. woi. e 1 i-sr hi aced assezrioocenit ii. Li kowi iii, when lilA’s oH retort mg iii;iat ccl that t her c WOlO 151)1 e iuflimu1Iiit 1011.00 in Diet 11005 than the U. S. mill U diV liel levi 1, lint ii tic t bin wit it CIA ar uecl, the inrency was tinot f Et nO by ,icciit i innic of ilicloal Lv fi em the inn Ii t.ary aol i iii’ nncpe’ 11151’ Lv ULA. Ibis state nf affairs badly CIiSAcLITE 0 au; il e rn t lii ajenocu , sit nuot ii in t hat was; wol CICOlicI l)v DIA’ ii f ai Iii; t ci cr eoi ct the Soviet love): i OH of (‘ic ‘hoc; fi viki d ill 1St -
.
Above: Requiring the skill of trained craftsman, these negative engravers, or “scribers” as they were known, worked on large format maps and overhead imagery. They eventually transitioned from light tables to computers in the early l980s and today are the staff of DAN-2. Pictured are former DIA employees Edgar Borne, Pauline Davis, Chester Simmons and Chess Beater.
By the end of I In decade, DIA I 0(1 010CC’ I 0111 inqlyvcr’ al cci lIt: ± ref irrn from Lot to ins tile aroil out slOe t he ir vio nunenit I capI tn it S ear ly fr liaiSe, t So 130(15 tocO largely failed to ichi eve it ii Ci! 1311101 01 551 on of 01 imInat jog ccii i moos log out ji-r 1CL or Oar on sir vi ci In n hic Peril ccciIi o; mill it rr I ot I 1 i genre bureaucracy. 131(0 SIt IOn 110(1 1)1(11 151 11 Lihi in a lint-i i .;na:i, it wcnnld Like a ic di- of re; bifol a DIA could fuLfill itt; or urinal mbuicii. .
October 2011
5
5m 1
1
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(SERRATING OUR LE000Y FORGING OUR FUTURE
In Transition: DIA in the J970s
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By the 50th Anniversary Committee DIA entered into the 1970s with a damaged morale and increased calls for reform. From 1968 to 1975 the agency exoerienced drastic hudgec
cuts which ultimately resulted in a 31 percent
:w4
decline in manpower. To meet these challenges, the agency conducted several reorgani rat ions du ing the decade that dropeci it address pasc ;ublemr and meet new responsini lit ies. The first structural change occurred under LTD onold Bennett, with a major St reami inc of che ijootOy. This reorgani:ation reduced the number of diputv direttorates freon 19 to eight., including the Deputy tv: new, moor t ant ones a Ph n hi rout co ate for Estimates (DC) and the Deoutv in an effort Director: for Attaché Affairs (AA)
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DIA personnel in front of “A” Building at Arlington Hall Station. (DIA Archive images)
.
tu uett ersupo:ert the Joint Chiefs of Staff’s jut ol1t’nc’: I equi reroents, director niG Daniel t;I UDOTU rI: ILl. i shed che di; Suopor t Office and ‘a otI rod the defense intel 1 igence officer (P1.0) i.,:;it iota in li/i. The Pitis, ocuomied with tim out I too eat. aLl I :;hrnc’nt of Dii, gave DIA an ixofloocri— I
loll
vu: coo in the draft log of
the all—impel tout
intelligence est mates. The agency cv: more scractural overhauls in 1976 Overall, there changes enabted DIA to rriuro cffic’ientlv sat isfy requicement s from the sur’rt arv of defense CroCi Joint Chiefs of Staff, and thoy laid the groundwork for improved support
mat i.ona I
underwent aid I o79.
the
o mi 1.i t.o y oper at ions over the course of
next decade. In this raui’ilv
changing envi DIA rononent continued t. provide jut: el
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DIA analysts logged thousands of overtime hours poring over reconnais sance photos, such as this one, in support of President Nixon’s efforts in Southeast Asia.
6
Communiqué
I
Anniversary Special
5h
1211 AS GULURRUTINO OUR 100100 FORGING OUR 0010RU
Below: Topographical map of Vietnam.
Son Tav Dr son raid in No rtli Alo, or liii oil w-re Z0 responsible ror orrsoner of mm oil n :1:1:11 action reDo: 1 inc. The 1.977:; alro ml) to S rat 1.arcre- scat e deplorwoarat: of: ag ncr porsonool which took p1 are in 1971 Eightv•-ni vrn PTA emoloyees deployed to Sa iron ti Ot.Ot I the Pretense Attaché Office’ a Intel Ligonro Branch. Thaw left Saigon in 3975 The in-vt major 0400cr deployment did not take place ontil 1509 .
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Thro::ghort the decade rho agenc-: ma::. •ioaoly involved in She arms control cr0 c err i.: verifying treat icr and proridi on db act r.rport to the Office of the Secret -ui g hotin::o anti the Joint Staff for the Strategic Ann Limit: In the lat tat part at t lt decide, t ton Talks
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Above: A “Firebee” reconnaissance remotely piloted vehicle over Southeast Asia. Operating under the code-name BUFFALO HUNTER, these aircraft took some spectacular imagery, including shots of Son Tay.
the agency’s or imary focos was ptormdinf: intelligence colloc— t ion management and analysis in sopport of the Dold Nor. Papid technological advances occurred within the agency. riagery col lect ed by the U-H, 55—71 ann satellite systems srnn:nranr_y rsioacred PtA’ a iragc:v avploi tat Ion omorat ions and expanded I ho agency’ aBility to support I he
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Above: lg7Os saw DIA’s first major deployment to the field, where agents got firsthand experience supporting the warfighter in Vietnam.
the 11TibI1in1 was N Vi’Gi respooioibt 1 itno a or sttt mg op what wood d ovoid no.11w hocoma the 1)0)11 t mont of Not orin:o Tot el 1 1 gonro tnt orma— or ,)vrt:.-0n (ItoEli IS).
October 2011
7
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This page is UNCLASSIFIED.
19612011
[I)cclassified by Nxccutivc Order 13526]
CELEBRATING OAR LEGACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
011 toec. 1
Monsoon season, which destroyed the Cambodian railroad crossing in this photo, also delayed the Son Tay raid by nearly two months. Right:
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DIA had new roles, missions and improved technology, hut now it needed a home. Every DIA director envisioned a facility that would consolidate agency employees and provide organizational cohesiveness. ft became apparent in the late l970s that the Arlington Hall buildings were no longer a good opt ion for the agency. They iere quickly becoming overcrowded, outdated and unsafe. Although the aqerlcy had repeatedly petitioned Congress for a new facility, it was LL Gen Eugene Tighe Jr. who pushed for the f:ompletiori of a study to determine a permanent location for
Cu
5 degrees. A toddy tapper taping toddy. 19 eters to tapper. 0730Z
DIA had five directors appointed to lead the agency in the 1970s.
Above: Not all of DIA’s recon images were from above. This photo shows a local tapping for “toddy,” a popular wine in Southeast Asia created from the sap of palm trees.
8
LTG Donald Bennett
VADM Vincent de Poix
LTG Daniel Graham
1969to1972
1972to1974
1974to1975
Communiqué I Anniversary Special
n this decade DIA evolved from a fledging, understaffed agency into a credible, essential and respected partner within the intelligence community.”
jJ
C[L[RRATING OUR lEGACY
DIA. The study cumuli lid thit En 1 ii rig Air Force Base was the ilial location for the new Defense liii elI 1111(0 Analysis Center (DIAl) tiehole’ terittined efforts rezul Lid in ± uriding aperoval for const ruc- mu t the DIA( in 1981. In addition to tiansition, the agency enperlencecl its first duty— related deaths as six DIA emplovoes were killed in the service of Ilieji country. On June 10, 1970, Mlii Rotetit Perry, DLA’ s assistant army attashel to Jordan, was fatally shot by Pal est inians in Amman, and Apri 1 1, .1975, Celest.e Brown, Vivienne Clark, Doroshy Cctrtiss, Joan Prey and Doris Watkins, all civilian defense at.t.aulid office employees, were ki I tad in a C— 5A air craft crash dur ing Operation Babvli ft , the evacuation f South Vietnamese orphans to the United States.
The 1970s wore undeniably a ii inn of transition. The agency over.:iAmi numerous challenaes. with rrcour’u: r:educt ions, expanded roles anti missions, duty-related deaths -trill t:he irnergerico of terrorism. lii [Ii decade Dli rvolved frctt a llodiiinj, understar fi-e.i alorwn into ii ci 0.11110, esseneia.1 within the
; asserted isai t nor Intel i iqence ca:mtt’inii.y.
LTG Samuel Wilson 1976to1977
This page is UNCLASSIFIED. [Declassified by Executive Order 13526]
Technological advances in the 1970s, such as the more so phisticated aviation and satellite systems used to capture this imagery, made a huge impact on DIA’s support to wartime targeting. (DIA Archive images)
Lt Gen Eugene Tighe Jr. 1977to1981
October 2011
9
5m 19á1 2011 (ULERRATING OUR SAUCY [ORGINU OUR FLIIUR[
The 1 980s: The Defense Intelligence Agency Comes of Age By the Directorate for Mission Services,
DA
The 1980s were a pivotal decade for the DIA. After confront ing a wide array of organizational, financial and national security challenges in the iNiOs and l970s, DLA etnel qed from the l980s as more centralized and more effective a :g;jjp
mtmher of the intelligence romrtiunity. In 1984 lie j’onst rtict ion of the DIAC ended a decades— 1ooq effort to consolidate agency operations I ocit nO in a momber of I icil it roe In otojitout the Washington Gtktiof)ohittin Urta, iflClIldlrlCT Ar ii njtooi liii I St at ion, he i’i±rjtc Ruillhij, POIHUonin
DIA received its first set of colors during LTG James Williams’ tour. The director is shown with the members of the logistics team who worked on obtaining the colors.
seat t ered operation (Operation Urgent Fury) a special DIA task force resuonded to numerous tastings for briefings, papers and other intel.) igence infoytriat ion. That sarre year DIA established the country’s first national-level
P1 o:i, FLe Washi opt on Navy Yard and the Pentaunoi is ‘1 ntral I red, over rrowtiod, cnc’omn.’eni ont —
the iuJOTIy’ S itil unatti dctiVp, na;ly facilities presented a ttiij or obstac 1 e to estahl ishi rio lilt (JI 1 ty aiitl 02 (11111 r,iti onal apti ‘y esprit 0 corps during the critical ear ly year a of lie Ig011cy’ S U XIS tone IYIA’ 5 01)1 ii trf to supjiii t p ittiomis miiitiir ti Slg miii tory
riihcant ly du;:incj the 1 91db in 1583 tLS. tr nope worn dispatched to D onitla to eva:uiit ( apitroxi mtely 1 hoD American mUtlica 1 studt’;its following a coup by hard line Mar xi st s Pu; i Gig this -
,
-
.
intelligence fusion center, the Central America Joint Intelli rence Team (CAIIT), to supporT
efforts to defeat the communist
P,n Air Force surveillance operator in the Southern Regional Operation Center looks for drug traffickers flying over the Caribbean. During the early l980s DIA became heavily involved in the counter-narcotics effort.
1 ricurpency in El Salvador. in an important organizational dove 1 upifient , the Gel dyat or— Ni chois Defense Reorganizat ion Act of 1986 designated DTA as a combat support agency, clarify ing and enhancing DIA’ s re sponsibilities with respect to the combatant commanders Later in the decade, DIA supported Operation Earnest Will (l87— -
DIA ARTWORK 1989 OIA maintained a staff of artists to prepare paintings and illustrations of Soviet military systems. Their work was based on classified F’rom1965to photography or other imagery that could not be used in publications or briefings f or fear of compromising sources and methods. DIA analysts and artists worked closely together to achieve the greatest possible accuracy in these paintings and many were subsequently used in the Soviet Military Power series. The DIA Military Art Collection currently comprises more than 1,000 paintings and drawings, both classified and unclassified.
10
Communiqué
I Anniversary Special
I
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I or gent naval at .1 On a lute Mci lii rtir II, in wli 1 cii U.S. f (ii ces pi- ovi le I prot_ect. ion t 0 Kuwu it i el I t alIkeI a dui i nq tlio Tanker ii- 12 an fraq ttr r’ 0± c95(i—J9%x) in 1989 tT.S
1988)
,
convey
t he
opet
hroughout the 1980s the Cold War and the global confrontation with the Soviet Union remained the primary focus of the agency.”
jJ
miIjtiv frc’ei; landed in l-;izw (Operation Just Cause) to ieplace military strongman Manuel Noiiega with a democratic govern
V
SOVIET MILiTARY POWER: AN ASSESSMENT NW THE ThREAT 1988
nent. DIA analysts supulied inte11gence to cottihat forces and policvmak s arid depi oyed a National Military Intelligence Support Team to support the ci
operation. During the 1580s the agency also assumed a arearer role in combating
of terrorirt atrcks that took place during the decade. In 1986 the agency’s counterterrorirm efforts were reoognized with DIA’s first Joint Meritorious Unit Award. fbi eaghout the l980s the Cold Wa and the global confront at ion with the Soviet Dii ion remained the. p imay focus of the agency. The Sovicts’ war in Afghanistan, intensified onus ccItt rel Itetotiations and the challenges ei aznt€d f’ iou. I of the Mi khail Gorbachev’ s reforms occiupi agraicy ‘ s at tent ion. i.n 1981 PIA puLl inlied t tie fir ;t. edition of “Soviet Militor y levi u , “ on rm classified, fu l.1 —color puhi unit; ion that i,tnucjht to commuulcat c’ the nature and reepe of I ItO Soviet Liii et i; o a to oader and i once. It war ev nt ually translaneci in o at least iljlit l.ntuicja, md
udin Ruesiart,
between 1983
and
and 1Ml.
r eputtl i;hc rj evi vyeao ‘
terrorisrti, establishing an all- rouoci fusion cell for tel ron sm analysis nid nuppot t log count ertet rorism operations fell t.wing a nunibeo
.4 U.S. law enforcement officers move deposed General Manuel Noriega onto a U.S. Air Force transport. Noriega was brought to the U.S. and convicted of drug trafficking. (DIA Archive images)
October 2011
11
5c,b 1961 -2011 CEUEBRATINO OUR LEGACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
Defense Intelligence Analysis Finds a New Home in the J980s By Amy Lozinak Buckley,
Directorate for Human Capital,
loaded my sister and me, along with our family dog, into the car for a trip to visit relatives north of the Washlno ton area. We would pick up my fathei at the DIAC on the way
Recently, my husband and I moved into a new house. As we began the long, tedious process of pankirig our chings, I stumbled photographs
UPOTU many
HC
from
UtW childhood, but I was most si.i;priscd when I discovered the (IfleS of the DIAC.
r
i Was filHC years old in October 1984 wliecx my father, mother, sist.ci q.r oodpni ent s and I t he family car and pal (‘0 lilt WiOit off t C) see the dedication My fat her of “1 )a Idy z new work. hod aIr cody been employed with PTA for a mUlnbcrr of years it the O i me ci the dodd cation of the 1)1 At alt bough I had no idea or even an i rite) est. in what he did iic’i c-. ,
I
‘1
Above: The author’s father, Chip Lozinak,
I
TI.,’
left,at the opening of the
“
‘
,i’i—L1
ILIAC. (Photos courtesy of BC)
I I 01111 ‘11)1 SIr bE’ i TU a ha t ilUt 1 OlU dot i’d IN the ml italy UUUembeI s cii t he base and in the building 01 vie tours’cl it My fat hei was a ciVil U ill (‘imliolee OTid I had nOver known him as a military
I —
.
Above: A nine-year-old Buckley plays in a helicopter at the opening of the ILIAC in 1984.
I I c’momh< ‘r my mother t.j it.eqjral ly an inq i r!q photo otitsil t liiL.i t 195 fici t ama lv mi’mhc’
scenes.
lie I)IAC t hat day, I St II I did not Ii,ave any t’Iearor of an under iutrtrehinq of WlU,it. Oil’,’ father did 01 what role I he IlIAC would play ilL my own life in I to ijrieri we
I of t
I
future.
As t. he year LTYY
12
mass oc 1, witi ‘1)
OCCOS 1 50(
1
r ‘meonisil
OILy 101c
Communiqué
sty nor tb. hc’l ore 9/Il ctuulcl Limply cal I ahead ,
fi ent i)t th 1m lit I lIngO, ) UV 1 cii I di oiq t hat WAIT kin we as t Iii’ l)IAC. My sister and i climbed 0001 t.irikt al 001 ci he I i )‘c )pter hit were set up OH whit is now 0 Ilorki ng lot on the r i.ver a ide of the I) I AC. I also r ‘mc inher bel rig fascinated by the i oil wall in CIte lobby wit hi 01 t.rai t.s of hist or i.cal U.S. figor ‘to and ill
-
father
to the BoY 1 iriq Air For oe Pose gate wit Ii OUT TlciItteS ,IIUi vohiclo infoi ma— I ion, aoicl we could drive right on base and up to the front don; Oft on, during t hose of the I)IAC slier I ViSit.S to t he DIAC, I had t he ‘)t(cIS I Oil to ijo iitt It the On at tier I t.d4v I C) meet my fat her t jp5 ((lit 51 tIe of I lie nietre dl i’s, WE’ 10)0 Lii dr ive icist the hOSCI and B TAt u ol w m lb Wi ive t 0 I toddy ‘ s WI)) Fr .
i-thee I v,as 1 8 year ii old, I wont of f t o coIl Y’qF’ anti al.t haii’jh I WOO IS) ur e kIl 11-Il odgi abl. al.coot WInO Ill A cliii, I ot U 11 waS unsure of I ho’ t vpn of won k my father till found the IlIAC’ to did ash -
I Anniversary Special
be a we;; interesting but mystorious lace.
On one iocasioni I asked my fat ht.’; the quest ion I bad asked so many timer before, “What This time, do yOU do at work rather I han ‘lever 1 y 1 aughi mig it off, lie t oh 0 inc that I should ocnie to war Fr with him dm1 find “
chit
for omivsc’l I
to.
eak
of
tei
.
5cc on my winter
from cot legi 1,
I fir-st welit book I e HAY ± at h_cr Most
t hings
were
t lie
tour
ru rio years
i’d the DI AC,
spend
the day w
inside fIts building
same
as
I
u omemberel
I lie day of its deda cat ion. thc-m .c (.J,j5 the r el I lb; wall , the oaf ot or i ci with its long, reor angular li_cnn to
be
I th
(Ut
5c,h 1961 %C1 1 -
([tERRATING OUR [[GACI FORGING OUR FUTURE
lunch tables and peach colot ed chairs. lIe EuTe1 the unclassi— hr cry and my far hors oven fled checked out a -‘oicfor;no to read durins the city ;-Dtji hint. I net rcianv peorle that liv, I Sit civilian and military, but still left the DIAC with no better
of an understandinci about
the
acenc’ s iriss:ion or what or-: tacker did far a livi;q.
hIhen I was 27 years old T appired for a position wit ii I)IA. I was hi red in danuary 2001 and ended up working .i n the P17k the sante bull ding that had seemed so mysterious vet in terest imp for such a icigni ficant. portion of my life. Perhaps the most ironic thing was that I had beer- hired to recruit civilians to work at DIA. I St I ii had no idea what PTA did but 1 going to find the best and arrcihtesc to work there.
was
Almost seven years ago, my father retired after more than 30 years of federal service i,’ith DIA. I had the honor of escort inn him out of the ti AC he had escorted mite in and around that building act many times since its dedication Jay in 1934.
just
as
the sight years since I have worked in the DIAC, I have come to under stand the mission of DIA and what my father and SC) iroany others who passed through the doors of the DIAC have done here. I know ri.— St ory is mat unique. There are many of us who had or have oarent s who st i 11 woo I: for DIA, but I feel that I poraoin—
in
cliv have come full cir’.’lt’. As we ‘rolebrat:c’ the htir h anoii— versary of DIA, mcmv ahor :traphs will he taken tn ccmmnorm.iat 0 the occasion, ernie like thu iii 1984 ones t •jken by my famil Perhatu at tmtoe:Tac’ t hors ritil rb Ii il s-’ hiay- a Stirv t C) tot-tb rib tt tIm- tmivnt’’ri’a.ii; cray iuiidimq mmii o t,r mnllv hr c-nt as the P177’. •
The Mystery Solved: Analysis in the 1980s at DIA the Direct era to for
By
Analysis,
DI
Amy Buckley visited her father, Andrew “Chip” Lozinak, at t he nOcv b’ni ii ILL: iii i0Pi, Lot remeroihers feeling that she ‘lid mc’ Arca: 0 umiolo’i ::t nil whit he did for a living. During the I OttO:: I, ,: 1 miok win tnt ol C-cl r oni c order of battle analyst and tot: iou intelligence offtcer by the end ctf t Ito woo kool hit: tin’ t doo:alo’. tic cJitt wi:: it 11km’ to do imitelligrnce analysis it thu ,igooto ‘y ‘bit intj t ht:-i t imul A ‘cording to come axial ‘rut s t hat wore
lit —to
hitttc-oh, the focus and iitridth o’hititl during tOo decade:
who’mt it
curt tinly
of
tn
uduct ion
lyo;t a,it lilA wet it tu imar :1 ly focused on r°; olt’i rig basic o’l tiojo’mo’o, o.-morrent jut il tiojerice [sm.tppcr t imp a l:ii ojar Tnt olliqonto tJi) staff) , and out 5tidtiVi’ Pit O’’t(tl,ItO br inttoI.1 iqomis’. Atiti rot:: also oversaw and “val.idat i’d” t;o’iotri Litm antI I t ‘i’ltnti ut t i mit elI igence product ion by the 1:o’rviuot 1 itt o’l li Tt’oic’r it othuo’t i cm centers, motto rof wlii •h tell itnde lilA c- mtomnimJ it that t Inc. Ana
mt
• PTA’:: 1,1: Ic irittblitence focttiic’cl 5111117 I’ll t)o(Ilo’lmtp a ratsorialirti lit moth 1 itary intel I igomo iii tort or moot 1,11:: 1 tit, I cosines ljii ional fittol I i1o-mi o’
•
mo viryiliti ‘imm’-’’n,
Inaiyi:mztt
nil lit ai lrit ulllmi’ti’’’ :;ttnun,i! ii’:: ,‘mmn,lsmtfottt ,rj olo:oii irk ‘-lLlmJommice studies, by piuii dii fol ‘‘ii 1111 ti 1 ijomto’u studies, Author Buckley, right, and ml,ivii ibtico’s intelligence studios, her sister Andrea Lozinak, oid itt iii ten-arid transportation at the opening of the IlIAC itt itoh i’i; in 1984. • thu It-’ analyst. a nomoit imes produced locking at the itt yiinod product 1 new t;yst exits, ducts i no’ amid tact i cii, t ho’ foul): otut Linq edge oh the product ion of fort was on rositi d moj t again ;iil a ii iou to’ ommipinying fur cur; mutilit city irut el Ii joiic’o irunumt,-irierr an I I ho Intelligence st tidies that ar’co aqi’tl mmix intuit hi: or 1110000’ to io,ucti hat deep’’ oIl st ritoot ion. nio,ioi,’o’lw, riiwicit’
iVor1 7IW
• Put iruoj thin de’mt’le analyst a began looking it I ‘i rot i :3011. Tlit’ m cr ion 1cm ,mmilvsia iranc’h m,tn;iq.’l all Po1o,rrntnutm i°o’hut,Sii C o’iCo,ri::mmt warnirs inteil iqenc’u’, cA-voimued :l’rt,iilb tr±t kt ibaso:; tntrh thitti moth,ni:r ‘f iu,’ratiotI:, mt tt-y)orlsT:m r’uoi I shuT ‘lal lv ::unomai it-mr rut wo ‘ridwide Lonr’tr at act i’Jit 1’-: l!imdotr:t i’oro oh I ho ;ti’Tyi,i’iO 3,ut,uhcr:o-:: tirono i,c,-’:: ,ouot ici ill in 01505 ‘ti-tv nouroby rtjr, lrtt th’- 32a’i’-rni iuutr’t:om ui Par ii::iro.
• latalyrts al;oo I rtkol ,jmoti roii,’,t ui an mnilitir rc,orliwj,ho. I;, tin-rn’ or t,1ioo lflt —1irit1’fl
i,io’t
,
sun-
October 2011
13
5Qth 1961 2011 CELEBRATING OUR LEGACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
DIA in the 1990s: New Missions, New Adversaries By l:he Office for International Engagement, IE DIA has supported several multinational coalitions
the Global Counter-Terrorism Forces (GCTF) the Intei national Security Acri stance Force for At ghani stan (I SIIF) , the Stahi 1 .izat ion Forces in Kosovo (KFOR) and the Mul t;riatvmnsl Coalition Forces While support to Iraq (MCFI ) multnatiorial coalit ions may now seem routine today at DIA, his practice. was not always so in recent years:
011101011
With the except ion of routine of t lie NATO alliance, Slg)001 t PtA of too t,s it ont el liqence ;h; in0 wei c looqc ly hi lateral rO
±
‘tlVl t 105 pri or
(11
Itiitroii slr irL(J
to 1990. in
the
‘
I.n— 90s
not t p1 i’il ly ir t of a la; go sustained effort to support au ongni ng ml lit ary (9(110 at i on jove l.VO 01(4 0 coal i tion of mu; e t haIl 40 riot 1008, much loss WOO
a coa ii t )Ll ‘1 )Ilf )Oed Of a wide r 011(41 of traditional and nont re 1 tiunal flar tners WA tirot star tod ;uppoi ti fltj
I nat I (Hal coal 1 tions in the l.900s Wi th the 01 IVC’TL t of the lies or t Shield/Desert St 00011 COa li.t on ciesi (JIled to 1 oherate KIOWiUit aftei Iraqi i or ceo under Itiddaun Hussein’s courunand invaded Kuwait on Aug. 2, i9oIt. select ed uaiil t
Those
in t.lte 1 99 Os shed moments for DIA. Les sons 1 earned rum the initial expe] ience; supnnrt I oiq a coal it ion in the Middle East woii.l d then be implemented in were
14
days
water
Communiqué
I
Then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff GEM Cohn Powell visited DIA’s Operational Intelligence Crisis Center after Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in 1991. Pictured from left are Marcia LoVerdi, Jim Campbell, Lee Hall, Leo Delaney, GEM Cohn Powell and then-DIA Director LTG Harry Soyster.
Europe later in the decade when, in December 1 995, approxlmately 5tl, 000 Amen cans to cops would (lOp 1 oy to Bosni a-- Her zeqovina as pa; t of the NATO Peace Plan Impl ementat on Force ( 1FOR) coalit -i on.
So what were some of these lessons learnedl And what changer did they generate within DiAl Once DIA and the combat ant commands received
.l.eqa 1 author i he to share military intelligence in support of a given coalition, DIA needed to develop effective ways to implement the policies. “L Many standard practices that may seem small today, such as how to properly mark an Intelligence product approved for release to the coalition, were important problems .1 that needed to he resolved as quickly as possible in the ‘90s. In 1991 the proper release markrng for the Desert Shield/Desert Storm coalition was “REL MIlE, “ which ind.i catect The 01CC was a vital link in providing intel release to the mi.oltina— ligence support to operational forces and tionol forces. It soon policymakers. In 1994 the 01CC concurrently became obvious, however supported operations in Haiti and monitoring as other coal it ons the Balkan conflicts. developed, that a generic REL MNF mar king wool d not
Anniversary Special
—p
ti
(EUEBRATINO OUR LEGACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
lie a ‘r apr i sI e, (iI1lIDQ5 it
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foreign disclosure guidu;-t’ could he provided Co U.[1. analysts and inanapec a. This guidance allowed DIP inc] I I pence Icr odmots to ha dive lapel
p. ii at’
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ac-a
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t’i.i.t cia,
its inception with faa ci ‘511 oust Doers in mind, rather tuna elegati.ng foreiqn disclccajac i on
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The cruiser USS Shiloh Tomahawk missile against selected air defense targets south of the 33rd parallel in Iraq Sept. 3, 1996, as part of Operation flesert Strike. (DIA Archive images) fires
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NATO rtceinhera of the coal it ic,oa.
Today a greatly expanded and OOt e eaoab] e vers ito of t. hat riatv:ark, 2nov20 as to-- dc:lc deid Irrelllgenae Ce] ict h-cc still di:’c,i,mlniatas pence cc NPTO not i
T 2
Ittt’,OO,’Ic
cod ic-shed coa’a’;ter r:o:v:urk that only permitted accezo to
and Exploitation Ct-sr -rca
a aPi (lf.’triiut.iin or .nCe— ± 5Ii ‘1’ t 0 ‘1 lt ;oni curt umero n ‘.O Ut -1 P r a I b ‘it:,,cU W i:;laiaipt ni, C. 0. , I iat oil Igelace
cc rca errP inc cow pi ova’.; eviewira and disc’lcairtq inn-i irpence ro 000e:caai c-all’ HIlt;, the “write f or relearn’” ‘j;it’i-stt was doveloped so that b,ir.lt’
jo
cli a’ lcj: ‘liar’
aonamiri]
clua
1)3
‘tiLt Chi , a Ii -a icc 11 iii no an ,•‘t 1 -‘‘s .vi’ a ,1 ii 100 ‘ii’l’,-H ni at (221 ion .1,;i i-Ti la Sal:; -II t’li.iL1eoiai’ -liii lIi’ I liii ea Sic’
1 to a pustOl oducciori phaa toe intel I igenre niroduci inn Pr 0CC
il’,- ii
-:
.
citing. r erpnrirr’
‘103 of :oea-iencr was Icl:l’; oral ef f cc
,iItflcOi
001
nut. ,ablt t. pta Clviii’ di:-:r’min ate that data Co iher e were rio lit Id ccia.:a raw ‘ic lInac d issomi Lot el c: i:’t in
a
‘
c’yI ‘Ca)
a.
cc,it
-cal. ot
rca
1° f)I2.’t’ti and approved by 5 lii’ d ha “‘t ii of national hot all I Oh” ‘a Corral i ed Acccs ]y ag; ii;, 0 separat e
i
t c
iii.
Lat:er in the decade, tho l’]ATO-led laccplementation Pare cachinicra onoracirac In tie’ Ealkaras was supported ry a
2al1itittiiIiy, Dl y coon learnod Chit mcii- 1-; p; chic log intel
a:, the ni aa ,it
-
0
OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM 1990-19 ----.
hroughout the summer of 1990, DIA tracked the developing crisis betwee. Kuwait a,nd Iraq, and on Aug 2, the crisis became acute when Iraq invaded its southern neighbor Whei the U S committed forces to protect Saudi Arabia and eventually libezate Kuwait, DZA expanded the Operational Intelligence Crisis Center (01CC) and prepared 4ational Military In telligence Support Teams C NMIST5) for deployment At the same time, the DTh Deputy Director for Joint Chiefs of Staff (JOB) Support RDML Mike McConnell set up the Iraqi Regional Intelligence ask Force within DIA The rst NMIST arrived in the Persian Gulf on Aug 8, 1990 alongside the rst allotment of TI S forces to the region, and NMISTS quickly deployed with U S Central Command C CNTCQZFO settvioe components and the XVIII Airborne Corps Some 100 analysts also deployed tø the Middle East to support coxat operations ?ina1lr pr also had an Il-person, all-source intel .ligence production team assigned to CENC0M headquarters in Tampa Fla All told, within DIA, more than 2,000 men a.ud women were committed in support of th. operation.
T
As Operation Desert Shield turned to Operation Desert Storm, the JOB assigned DIA the role of reviewinq the mil1taiIy inteliigen<oe produced by more than 30 intelligence entities, both in theater a.nd in Washington, V C DIA’B resonsibilitie included order of battle pteparation, targeting, .,gery e*,I.oitation and atCZe damage estimates DIA also suppOrted operations against Iraqi Scud 4Lesiles by uml4g national-level assets such as satell’ites tp provid. launch warning and support SCUD hunting operafion, but the mobility of the scuds’ trnqtrJ’ereator/launchers made them Later in 1991 DIA received a J0141t lierLq l3rUULt Awad for its support of difficult targets mlitar operatione prior to an4 %UXiUg Operations Desert t$hiald aD% Deset StOrm a,
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expanded both in sire and mission, as it was utuiisea to support coalition opera t ions worldwide.
Then-DIA Director LTG James Clapper awards a degree to a Marine during the Joint Military Intelligence College graduation in 1995. (DIA Archive image)
In addition to those systems, PTA developed the National Intelligence support Team
(P1ST)
concept in the early
1990s.
NlSTs were small,
incer
-
agency Learns ttrat. coot d gui ckiv deploy to held locations and provide U.S. conomanciars with a quick reach-back capability to oat i anal —level intelligence arid dat abases provided tj DIA and olDer agencies. As the igerrcy h-os r:rircrcort ‘oci moo e coal i t iron orrr-o cct ions Ito the ion or -n-Icing -,cr 5, thor a has l,c’eoc arc iioo 0 cr,irrcj rcecrl f no t r,cinc’d anti expc-r ienced I c-reign riisciccsoo c per srocnrel
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c if
1 ansi iris Ic-ar rccoi in o he ocr ly tOQtts, PTA cc.rtabl i shoot a Coo ci gcc t-:x,-harnor- and Di sclo— rorro Trainri rig Coor nrcIDE 3(11.1 irr Sopt cords-i 1997,
in which
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(of lice ccf Lit so na— it’ iorral Er rgacjc -rotc rd. arc jut nccw fc,rcc i.gn nil sc 1 birth 0
16
Communiqué
I
Anniversary Special
of too-rn
the nuances of foreign disclo sure policy. This course has been LauatcL both as a resident course at the DIAC, as well as acoond the world in a mobile t raining team forrrcat -
since the i990s some of the same challenges still exist, hot they have grown more conrptex. Tire demand f or more trained arid c-xpc’rierccc-d for eigrc discio :;ui e officers i:ccr eases as PTA rust r ibot es more irct dli gercco across
rrcultiol e
elect i onc
di sseminct ion syst errs spr c-ad curt
across
lao ger
combat
ar ear
-
hi t.h tire advent of (‘—roil I PowerPoirct ann at tier t.(-clrrn logical ,odvancc-n, the ncec.-d for mar e timely dies c-sri nat Tori of root lot cdl igurice irrfnor mat ion only t trrooqh ---‘moot o networks lot also vi-iee tel n-coo, too eric——
1 org capalci lit ies
is go ‘-ater
Iran ever. The chcoj lemije f or PTA arc clyst.s of the futoo e will Ire how to I nc:oo por;rt.e fort cii e ch,.oroges in çcolicy nor technol ooy t.o rnec-t t fcco ever—u ncr ea fog needs of ttce coal iti on conirancciccr ;r -.
-
5, 19612011 (RUERRUTING OUR [RUTtY FORGING OUR FUTURE
The 2000s: Years of Transformation By the Directorate for Mission Services,
The 2000s decade marked one of the greatest periods of growth and change in the history of the Defense Intelligence
Agency. DIA shifted focus from conventional warfare to asym metric threats, a process begun a few years earirer. There were major chances in tlie nature and size of its york force and counterterrorism organization. The agency expanded the role of human intelligence (HUMINT), and increased its operational role i.n support of the warf ighter, policvmakers and the Combatant Commands (COCOMs) The Sept. 11 attacks, which took the lives of approximately 3,000 people, including seven DIA members in the Pentagon, greatly accelerated and i.nten sifled these changes and sparked a dramatic transformation within DIA, particularly in areas of intelligence collec tion, management and informa tion sharing. The establishment of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intel ligence, and the Office of the Director of National intelli gence a few years later, further expanded the agency’ a roles and responsibilities. After 2000 the world and the threats it faced became in creasingly complex, promptIng changes in the way DIA focused its collection and analyti cal processes. The so-called “peace dividend” anCicipated after the end of the Cold War had failed to materialize and the former Soviet Union, China, the torea and otner parts world continued to tltmanci the attention of policymakers and analysts. Mearywhi le the
DA
terrorism threat crew in scope and intensity. Even before the Sept. 11 attacks, DIA was strengthening its long-standing counterterrorism effort, which gained moment um after the 2000 al-flaida attack on the USS Cole.
in 2002 DIA established a new organization the Joint Intel Combating ligence Task Force Terrorism (JITF-CT) to reflect the expanded mission. JITF-CT would come to include hundreds of analysts and go on to play an important, role in supporting Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and later C’rerut: ion iraq; Freedom in Irag. -.
As DIA part icipat. ed
in operat lena in Trig, Afghaniit tan oral elsewhere in r lii- world, its role in £uppott of the w r. fight grew.
A U.S. Soldier responds to an improvised explosive device call in Afghanistan.
U olort? 2(10(1
DIA had soon itao’lf (arid old ion; saw ‘I t primar I ly as a comh,:it
Scouts pull overwatch during Operation Destined Strike while soldiers search a village below the Chowkay Valley in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. (Photos courtesy of the Department of Defense)
October 2017
17
19612011 (HERRATING OUR U[GACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
D0DliS Maw Ahead program and A-Space, which ;:as listed by Time :raga:ine as one of she Top 50 Inven tions in 200$.
outpost agency wish a headquarters, field activi rico and a few denioving elemenrs, hut wish the high number of deployments and its expanded role in direct Support of operat:ions in iraq and Afghanistan its combat support role became more oronounced. By 2010 DIA had 1,900 deployed offieeis, and its role in support of the combatant c’aonmands (COCOMs) had become indispensible. DIA created an effective osqani ration to provide t ral ning, l og.i ot ics arid other expertise required by
In addition to dramatic technological advances, the decade witnessed a series of organizational. changes. In 2000 the agency had three elerrlents performing the analysis function, hut in 2002 the director consolidated the function, reassigning J2 analysts to the Director ate for Analysis (DI) Meanwhile, the Sept. 11 attacks and the growing requirements associated with ;riilitarv operations in Iraq and Afghanistan had a profound effect on
deployed personnel
I)IA also addressed the need for a woi ld wide informat ion tec;hnoioqy (IT) structure riot cml y to support its bl it to enhance do h; quo ri t. s mt 0111101; ion sharing and col— 1 aLoe at ion wi.t hi n defense mt clii qFoTOv. ledder El sought ways to enhriri,:o mar o- ef toy’ t ive exchange of i :1forrnar ion witH 21 the insol i iqence ;or;rmini t.y, as well aol Hell 10015SOCh a manaq rig, ex r00. lag arid seai chi rtq di; a to give ,
anslyt 5 c;ie;iteI aecess t a raw mat;er ial s of their ra11t’1 aft omui ‘; ely The tori s moved into a .
transfor 0110;!
iniurmation Irlanaqoollent;
enVirOIJtio;IO,
the adopt i 110 LUte liest or a ‘LlCe:; OOiII 1;;; i;itili:OS commercial sector, it foi;oi;imerit al ly r elerigried the IT network, trailsI t mr n; Si) Extooiivhle Markiu, Language (XML) St a:alar do arid new teniirol— ogies for data minincj. DIA out mnto nit. ion roanaqeme;it tools on lb ICC Lu hel iliVt 5 IrlinaJe Other mu ost; one:.; a musH (1(101mg volume of tot a included the more 500Cm; hOE 2 0011fErl on of t ho .
HtJNlIJi Center Denar tmient;
1 1
tjem:c 0-
of
( DCHC Defense
1151 DUMIMT
at
DLA’ s HUMI.NT mission and organlrat ion. To address new missions and expanding requirements, a Document Exploitation Office began operations in 200$ and the Defense Intelligence Operations Coordinaron Canter tDIOCC) a year later. in 2008 leaders established the Tefense Counterintelligence and narkirtor the first time the integrated counterinsel the defense level
Llit’ new miss ions, organi sat jonah technologies prompted fundamen tal ;ii,om:oeo in the biA work force. The agency, au eady working to improve the hiring process anti procedures and to attract new talent and exIlE; tire, hut the effort so shape the work :1w cc; ; our: on new urgency after tire Sent. 11
Final ly, chances
ano ;iCW
fter 2000 the world and the threats it faced became increasingly complex, prompting changes in the way DIA focused its collection and analytical processes.”
JJ
18
Communiqué
I
Anniversary Special
5cr 1961 2011 CELEBRATING OUR LEGACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
Members of the Directorate for Analysis discuss surface to air missile sensor characteristics in MSIC’s Integrated Sensor Data Analysis Facility.
PTA’ a work torce had boon largoL at 1: orbs set up to support t radst tonal mzrrronc and the ski Is too’: were spec itc to corw’en :LonaZ ha- 2 2U2 the opener r To :01011 war tare. let had become broader and mo e coiw’I em, and the shift in the geographic focus oi its opera t ions requi red anaivrt a who we e ot Tin I ealI.v diva :s, had specific lanouo to uI:i I Is, and ir]:grouni1s, cane trois di flat ent profetsi onai ‘
such as social rrvchotogirt::, t’:hivi cal scrent istc and anthronolog jut a. We m’et iiew
reouirenurnts in a multrfaroted worb, PTA i±trv caner lencod a major i riflus: of diw’oue so: level emoiot’eer to enable bet tel 0j1t ion or oat thouuht in I through di vors Lv deiergcaohicr. More neoont I, lilT received a large number of civil jail dot o!ue i Id el t toonce professionals from the PjCdMc, which cubs aced the aoencv’r into tazd rIo LIt TILl of a global defense incr4 rgeu°e I eam. hr cramiso the end of tho decade PIT hd jr’ formed along with its cr1 e within del clue
Left: Counternarcotics analysts depart a training facility outside of Rabul, Afghanistan, along with their coalition members.
intelligence. p.
Right: A member of the Pajshir Provisional Re construction Team passes out tooth brushes to a few villagers in Dara, Afghanistan. (Photos courtesy of DI)
October 2011
19
5QLh 19612011 CELEBRATING OUR LEGACY FORGING 011k FUTURE
DIA’s Next Five Decades By Director LTG Ronald 11.
Burgess Jr.
The full meaning of an important anniversary goes far beyond a calendar date; for the Defense intelligence Aoencv,
the 50th anniversary is a time to take stock of an agency achieving its full potential. As the engine Integrating Department of Defense intel— liqertce resources, collection ana analysis, DIA today now furict ions as the intersection uniting detc-nse and national intelligence.
intelligence service supportec by a headquarters.
9/li
What a Tenor kohl e trans formna— ti on I ox an agency that laborce.l
in it &T I’d! ly decacfts•; with moi e rLnf;pons iii lit i (‘II than r tsnii sit:e dilL 11011 tieS
-
sistent conflIct arid breathtaking change across
vital
face value the fact that DIA
the world. It is a critical time for our nasion. I am confldent commanders and pol icymafiers
important intel I iris-nec agencies
SIOTII;
together during a remarkable period in history, it is a t: lYTIC of per
atuacks,
with uriprectoent ed numbers of 001 souìnd in harm’ S way i1crxe ha our combat troops.
dud
We serve
simply accept at
is one of the
nionders ,nid pa H cyniaker as the ilerense and ;it:o;ial level make tnt i.cal riot: ional security
coming aboard.
Newer employees, especially the nearly two— thirds of the workforce that joined after the
Ave we are doing so in wart Inc as a cotnoar support agency
Max e t lIon at any t ime since the acxency’ ii creel. ion in 1961 I)IA’ s ,1na iytic , col loct: I ax and count ox jilt; eli geice cOTlt I I bu litois hem top mu itaxy corn-
other agencies
nation’s most
—
will call upon
making
critical contributions from the foxhole to the Oval Office. That is DIA today. And full credit for its evolution must he shared between older arid hOWL’! OCYf, 1 oyees those in —
tht.- ear ly years who built the foundation the agency now St anus upon and those serving al orlqSl tie (JUl trOops on today’ s front ii ne What unit these generat ions of employees is a half-century t.radi t: ion of selfless service,
IA is one of the nation’s most important intelligence agencies making critical contributions from the foxhole to the Oval Office.”
JJ
—
Vet eran Dl A employees romet 11110 have a hard Lintie expx essinig the :-:aqIi I tudti of the cliaxlue T irol! a qarri son based agency vi th Spexacia c deployments, lilA has beccirnu a worldwide, hiohlv cauoble
20
Communiqué
o wi I li GL(Jhlf’ss to collaborate ocr ors orion ‘v and iepar t mont cli lines amId a focus on worionan— lii, nor SlleramanSnIS. Informa— Li on—char mci, tel laberamzion arid I to ouji ,lt 1011 have always r’een DIA raciom,iiktt. We’re nod to see
I Anniversary Special
regions of
DIA as never before. We must be ready to enable ongoing operations while we prevent strategic surprise, and we must make the hard budget choices that will preserve our core capabilities during a difficult budget environment. Our most valuable resources, from the agency’s beginning, have always been our people skilled practitioners in the art of intelligence, both
—
analysts and collectors. Technology, software and databases can help us do our lobs, but at the enid of the day our profes simm always comes down to the human qualities
Innately
ludgment, and trust.
integ; itv, These must
of
character continue
to serve as the prerequisites
for all
that we do.
As the agency begins its second half-century of service, we must remain mnoful of the inner tance of our mission, and the value of our service on behalf of the Amer i can ecple.
19612011 CEFEHATINE OUR lEGACY FORGING OUR FUTURE
While much of what we do is secret, our work is a public
trust always. We have to earn that trust anew every day, in
every decision we make. As Director of this agency, I have seen our employees do just and that the world over
I am conhdent
in DIA’s course
and its future contributions to American security.
‘
—
—
Time Capsule, Torch Bearers and Trees: Honoring 50 Years By the Office for Congressional and Public Affairs,
CP
DIA culminated its anniversary celebrations by unveiling a new Torch Bearers Hall and dedi cating a 50th Anniversary Tree Grove and Time Capsule.
of several varieties all with a lifespan
DIA inducted eight former employees to the new Torch Bearers Hall and unveiled a display cel ebrating their achievements. The inductees dis tinguished themselves with accomplishments that were clearly identifiable in a historical context,
changed the direction and scope of defense in telligence operations, or increased the value of the activities for national decision-makers or military commanders. The inaugural Torch Bearers are Louis Andre III, John Hughes, Richard LaDue, Gordon Negus, MG Homer Smith Jr., Barbara Streh, Jack Vorona and LTG Vernon Walters.
A seven-member panel selected the first eight inductees from a list of candi dates nominated by Department of Defense or intel ligence community employees. New inductees will be added each year.
50 trees
of at least years.
50
Within the grove sits the 50th An niversary Time Capsule. Items in the time capsule include a sealed letter from the director,
A family member of posthumous inductee Richard LaDue visits the new Torch Bearers Hall. (Photo by CS)
a
DIA identification badge, and logo,
a 50th Anniversary coin
SD cards with videos and photcigraphs
of DIA personnel and events, a 50th Anniversary coffee book and commemoration video, the Sept. 11 Congressional Resolution and the Congressional Resolution Commemorating DIA’s 50th Anniversary, directorate coins, newspapers and a laptop. The capsule will remain sealed for another 50 years when future generations of DIA employees can look back on 100 years of accomplishments. U
The 50th An niversary Tree Grove, located on the south lawn of the DIAC, was established to commemorate DIA’s 50 years of commitment to excellence in the defense of the nation. The grove contains
Above: The DIA time capsule, buried within the Anniversary Tree Grove. Right: The newest DIA employee and the longest serving employee help Director LTG Ronald Burgess and Defense Intel Alumni Association President Judi Demulling, right, plant the last tree in the 50th An niversary Tree Grove. (Photos by CP)
October 2011
21
5Dth
-E
19612011 f[LEBRATNO OUR LUGACY F000ING OUR FUTURE
Secretary of Defense Recognizes DIA and Its ‘Quiet Heroes’ consequences of a conflict were so profound that we needed the most accurate and prompt information to prevent what we all knew would be global calamity.
Editors note: Below is a tran script of remarks as deliv ered by Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta during DIA’s 50th Anniversary commemoration.
e are here, obviously, to cel ebrate the 50th anniversary of the Defense Intelligence Agency, and many of you have been a part of that history. In particu lar, let me acknowledge Jim Clapper who presided over the DIA during a time of great change after the end of the Cold War, and he brought great leadership to the DIA just as he now brings great leadership to the role of DNI. I’ve had a great relationship with Jim and continue to work with him, and I think he will go down in history as one of the stalwarts when it comes to leadership in the intelli gence community.
W
My own connection with the DIA goes back to my early days as an intelli gence officer. I remember in the mid 1960s graduating from Fort Holabird, which was the old intelligence school, and when I graduated my first orders that were cut were to come to the DIA. But as the Army was prone to do in those days, it didn’t take them long to change their mind and send me out to Fort Ord, where I worked in the G2 shop back in my hometown. This wasn’t so bad, it wasn’t so bad. But since then, I’ve always had a great respect for the work of the DIA, which has become a central part of the military and intelligence com munity’s efforts around the world. In commemorating this milestone, we all pay tribute to DIA’s half century of extraordinary work defending our nation against a multitude of threats and a multitude of challenges, from the height of the Cold War to the post-9/11 conflicts. And in doing so, I
22
Communiqué
think we recognize the tireless efforts of the men and women of today’s DIA. The quiet heroes, the silent warriors who every day collect, distill, distrib ute the information that directs our warriors in the battlefield and helps them defeat out enemies. A lot has changed in the last 50 years, but one thing that remains the same is that we cannot accomplish our mil itary objectives without good intelli gence. The two have to work together if we’re going to achieve the ultimate victory. Your vital work, the work of the DIA, makes our military vastly more effective and lethal. And as a result, America is a stronger and more secure nation today. DIA was born in a different era, when we faced down a single adversary and the potential
Less than a year after DIA’s creation, it faced its first great test when the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world to the edge of war. I vividly remember just how anxious the American people were. I was in law school at the time and wondering whether I would ever be able to com plete my law education because I had graduated in ROTC and had already been commissioned. And at that point the sense was that we were on the brink of a world war. I remember all of those things from that moment. The iconic photos of the surface-to-air missiles arranged across a Cuban airfield that provided direct evidence of the threat to our homeland. Those images that were shot by a U-2 reconnaissance plane were done on white paths that were determined by DIA analysis. Months after the crisis had subdued, President Kennedy called directly upon John Hughes of the DIA to deliver a nationally televised briefing reassuring the nation that the Soviet missiles had been withdrawn. It was a moment that defined the DIA as a vital vehicle in keeping America safe.
the tireless efforts of women of today’s DIA. The quiet heroes, the silent warriors who every day collect, distill, dis tribute the information that directs our warriors in the battlefield and helps them defeat out enemies.”
IITATe recognize VV the men and
I Anniversary Special :
5th
[IIERRAJIHO OUR UECA[Y FORGING OUR FUTURE
And that sentiment is as true today as it was 50 years ago. Through Vietnam, through the strategic armsreduction initiatives of the ‘70s and the 80s, the fall of the Berlin Wall, collapse of the Soviet Union, the work of the DIA has been absolutely essen tial to protecting our troops and to protecting the American people.
As strategic certainties of the Cold War descended into the ambiguities of this multi-polar world that we’re now a part of, the human, signal and imagery intelligence as provided by the DIA remains absolutely critical to understanding the world that we face, and maintaining our ability to be able to respond to that kind of world, to the threats and challenges that we confront.
II 7IA has been a driving force behind one of the most comprehensive and successful col laborative efforts between the military and intelligence community in our nation’s history,”
was a stunning display, a remark able display of intelligence craft and military capability coming together to accomplish the very important mission. Whether forward deployed overseas to support the warfighting operations or from desks here in the Washington area, the men and women of the DIA stand more than ever at the center of our military’s efforts worldwide. In Iraq and Afghanistan, DIA has provided the essential tools and intelligence to our troops to be able to battle insurgencies and to locate
Just as the attacks on September 11th were a defining moment for this nation, they were a defining moment to the DIA. That day represented a very real, personal loss for the Pentagon, but also to this agency. Seven DIA employees were killed in the attack on the Pentagon on 9/11. But it also represented a turning point. In the decade since, DIA has emerged stronger, better integrated and even more integral to the fight against our terrorist enemies. Across the department, throughout the gov ernment the DIA has been a driving force behind one of the most compre hensive and successful collaborative efforts between the military and intel ligence community in our nation’s history. We have come together as one to defeat Al-Qaeda. We have come together as one to integrate the efforts between the DIA, DOD, CIA and all of the intelligence agencies in the Executive Branch, to become part of one great accomplishment of the post-9/11 era. The team we have put together, the collaboration, the cooperation, the teamwork is what
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta delivers reutarks at DIA’s 50th An niversary conunemoration. (Photos by CS)
is helping us be able to disrupt and dismantle and ultimately, I believe, defeat al-Qaida. I saw this coop eration up close, during my time as CIA director, and, indeed, the entire world saw the results of the opera tion that took down bin Laden. It
high-value targets. All the while DIA has remained vigilant, never taking its eye off the emerging threats that we face, monitoring North Korea, Iran’s nuclear ambitions, looking at foreign military capabilities in space and cyberspace. The new era for the
October 2011
23
([[EBRAIING OUR [[GAO FORGING OUR FUTURE
IA has established a strong identity as an adaptable and innovative organization, one that always rises to meet the challenges that we face.”
jJ
DIA and our intelligence community builds upon the proud very proud traditions of the last 50 years. DIA has established a strong identity as an adaptable and innovative organi zation, one that always rises to meet the challenges that we face. --
We live as all of you know, as all of America knows, we live in a very uncertain and dangerous world. But we know how vital intelligence efforts are and will continue to be, not only to our warfighter but to our nation’s security in the future. Following those precarious days in 1962, President Kennedy thanked the intelligence com munity for their vigi lance during the Cuba missile crisis. The president said, and I quote, that he was “singularly impressed with the overall profes sional excellence, the selfless devotion to duty, the resourceful ness and the initia tive manifested in the work of this group, the DIA,” unquote. Echoing President Kennedy, nearly 50 years later, I would like to extend to the Defense Intelligence Agency my deep
24
Communiqué
admiration for your achievements. I would like to say that as Secretary of Defense, and I would like to say that on behalf of the intelligence commu nity that I had the honor to be a part of in my time here in Washington. A grateful nation is safer and more secure due to your tireless efforts. On behalf of the entire Department of Defense and on behalf of the American people, thank you for your continued outstanding devotion to duty to this country. Thank you for your service. Thank you for your sacrifice. Thank you for all you do to protect this nation.
I Anniversary Special
I have often said that the test for any human being in the end is whether or not that individual made a differ ence. I think the same test applies to an organization. And if the test of the DIA is whether or not they’ve made a difference, then I think that history will look at the DIA and say they did a job well done. You, the DIA, have made a differ ence. And the result is that we have a safer and more secure life for our children in the future. And in the end, there can be no greater legacy. Congratulations on your 50th anniversary. I
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta presents LTG Burgess the citation for DIAs eighth Joint Meri torious Unit Award for exceptional achievement from Aug. 1, 2008, to July 31, 2011. (Photo by CS)
2011
I OUR [[60(1 JR FUIURL
I 2th CONGRESS
tsr SessioN
S. RES. $6
Recognizing Ihe l)efbttse Intelligence Agency on its 50th Anniversary.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MARcH 1,2011 Mrs. FEINSTEIN for ltcrsclf Mr. CHAMBLISS, Mr. RNER, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. BURR, Ms. SNOWE, Mi: NELSON of Florida, Mr. ROCKEFELlER, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. RISCH, Mr. LENIN, Mr. MCCAIN. and Mr. SHELBV subtnitied tiw following resolution; which was refcrrcd to the Select Committee on Intelligence
RESOLUTION Recognizing the De6itse Inielliginir Agency on its 50th Anniversary. Whereas, the I)eft:nse Intelligence Agency was created in 961 as the United Suites lead tttthtat-y intelligence otgaticzauorr. approved by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara onJuly 5, 1961. and activated on October 1, 1961: Whereas, with ittilitary and civilian employees worldwide, the Dt’ft’ttse Ittielligetice Agency produces military mntclligenr C to warligltters and polirvittakers in tb, I )epartittm.imt of I )t’bttse and the intelligence rommunity, to support United States mthtat— planning, operations, and weapon svstettts acquisition; Whereas the Defense Intelligence Agetwy pimsessesa diverse mud -alteditionauy worklbrce that roitdttcts all—source analysis, intelligence collertiott. and infi,rittatiott iecltncmlogy ittfrasirctctttrr- support around tlte world; Whereas the Del ittsr’ lttit.lligm’nre \geitry plays a critical role witltitt the Department of I )eft-tmse, the combatant commands, the i iitrlligeimre rotntTttrtmity and the Defense Intelligence Enterprise tltrougit tite Defense Attache System. I )eli’uuse Counterititelligenre and HUMINT Center. Natittital Defi’nse Intelligence College, National Media Explottatiott Ceuttet; and Natic,tral Cm’uttrr fur C 2ecliltilitvAssesstttet,t: Vltt’reas the Defittse lt,telligeitce Agenry leads lie tlrliutsr mllsi,t,rct’ att:tlytic rotttrrtunity inrluding the Directorate Pt’ Artalysis and four specialized centers kuir ssri as It,’ I.lndergtottncl Facility Attalysis Center, the National Center for Medical I ntelligt’tice, time Joint Itttelligenre Task Force—Combating I i’rmrism and the Missile and Space I ritelligence Center, as well tts synchroutizes do’ autalvtic Iforts of tlte Army National C routsd Itttdfligenre Critter, Office of Nasal lntelligr’utrm. Air F ace ‘,mt it ttcm1 Air antI Space Intelligence Cm-titer, Marine Corps Intelligence Acuivit: anti ten United States rnhatattt conimand itttelligettcc centers: Vhereas the Defritsc Intelligence Agm’ttcy lt,ms throttgltout its history pt’osided ittrclligetmcr’ support to United States policy makers and ntilitarv corttrrtattders itt botlt war and pc’areti flue during significant national security cvcnq iticlutlirtg Ire Crmitart Missile Crisis, the Vietnam roniliri the Cold War sitU its aftermath, operations agaittst state—sponsored terrorist organizanons, C )pr’ratimtrm I )esrrt Storm, and in support of United States tnllitaty attd coalition operations in Somalia, the tirtuter Vugoslavia. cu,d Haiti; .
Whereas, siltce tlte tcrrc,rist at tacks of .Septeuttber II, 2001, tIme own anti svomeit of the I )efcrmse Intelligence Agency have worked tliligeuutly tn deter, tietect, and present acts of lm’rrot by pritvidittg intelligeutre support to United States and coalition forces in sttppon of tlte Global \Var on ‘I -rrc,r, Operat iott Ertdut1ng Freedont in Afghanistan, and Operation Iraqi Freedont: attn
Wherras t hi’ Defense Intelligence Agency a,td stilt, miCliumimit’ rgatmiztmtiorts seithin the Agenrv have been awarded seveuijoint Meriwilous Unit Awards rellmstirig lie distinctive arcontphshntents of the pmrsottnel assigned to tlte Dcftnsse Intelligence Agent v: Nmmss, therefore, hi’ it
Rcsstucd, That tb, Senate 1 cottgratitlat es the Anniversary:
rut-n crud
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DeP’nse Intelligence Agency c,ut tIre occasion of the Agency’s 50th
2) bottom ibm’ hen mtr sacrifice of the efltltloyet:s of the Dm1 i’nsm: I rmIc’Iligence Agency telto have given their lives, or havm’ brett ssouumded or injurt’cl, in the sri-sic, of’ fir 1’ tried Slates clitring the past 50 years; and (3) expresses gratitude to all the men and svonurn of tim,’ l)el’ettse Itt tclligeritc Agency for their past and cr011 i num-tI efforts to provide liirrely rtttl accurate imitclligenec sttpptrt to deliver ovm’rwht’ltning advantage to mit tr ss’arftghiers. dm1 inst plcuitters. antI defense aitcl ttatiortal security polirymakers in the defense and security tif the I nirecl States,
October 2011
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