Pull Together Summer 2022 Issue (Vol. 61, No.2)

Saturday Evening | November 5, 2022

Our Annual 5-Star Mess Night to commemorate the first launchings and landings of aircraft on USS Langley, marking the dawn of US carrier aviation.

We look forward to having you join us for a most memorable evening at the Army-Navy Country Club as we celebrate a century of Navy carrier aviation.

Information Forthcoming!

For information on individual and corporate sponsorship opportunities contact executive director Rear Adm. Sonny Masso at emasso@navyhistory.org.

Table of Contents

Message

By Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

By Rear Adm. Sonny Masso, USN (Ret.)

of

with Jessie Henderson

By David F. Winkler, Ph.D.

Director Stars

Report of the Naval Historical Foundation for

By Vice Adm. Frank C. Pandolfe

Historical Foundation

Naval Historical Foundation preserves and honors the legacy of those who came before us while inspiring the generations who will follow. We focus on educating and creating global public interest about the importance of our rich naval history and linking it to today’s challenges and opportunities in the maritime domain. www.navyhistory.org

Chairman’s Message

As we were about to go to press with this edition of Pull Together, we received the sad news of the illness and sudden passing of long-time NHF board member, The Honorable Steven S. Honigman. A very active supporter of the NHF mission, Steve was a strong advocate for the value of sea power who donated many hours of pro bono time on our behalf. His smiling countenance and sage advice will be missed.

This year we are celebrating the centennial of aircraft carriers in the United States Navy. This edition will dedicate some space to this mainstay of American naval power for most of the past century. In his recent book Victory at Sea, Yale historian Paul Kennedy highlighted a shift in the global power balance with the arrival of Essex (CV 9) at Pearl Harbor on June 1, 1943: “USS Essex’s arrival at Pearl Harbor was simply a harbinger of what was to come— the creation of the largest aircraft carrier force in history, and thereby of a new order of sea power that completely eclipsed the four-hun dred-year era of the all-big-gun warship.” The above image dubbed “Murderers’ Row” taken in December 1944 at Ulithi atoll featuring Wasp (CV 18), Yorktown (CV 10), Hornet (CV 12), Hancock (CV 19), and Ticonderoga (CV 14) drives home Kennedy’s point that the U.S. Navy’s ability to dominate the airspace over the world’s oceans and project power ashore represented a sea change that would continue throughout the Cold War and beyond.

The image in the next column of Battle Force Zulu, taken in the Arabian Gulf at the end of the 1991 Gulf War, displays four generations of American aircraft carriers. These flight decks served from the end of World War II until the present and include (top left) Midway (CV 41) [1945–1992], (bottom left) Ranger (CV 61) [1957–1993], (bottom right) America (CV 66) [1965–1996], and [top right] Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) [1986–present].

With the centennial of the commissioning of the

Navy’s first aircraft carrier Langley marked last March with a gala event in Norfolk, I am delighted to report the Naval Historical Foundation is partnering with the Navy’s Centennial of U.S. Navy Aircraft Carriers (CONAC) committee in supporting their public outreach efforts. Our intention is to tie the theme of our annual Five Star Mess Night to mark the centennial of the initiation of actual flight operations in the autumn of 1922. Therefore, with great pleasure I extend an invitation to join us on Saturday, November 5, at the Army Navy Country Club in Arlington, Va., as the direction to “Parade the Beef” will once again be proclaimed. I hope to see you at what should prove to be a most festive event!

The Mess Night will cap an active year that is summa rized on the following events page by Executive Director Sonny Masso. We continue the NHF mission to recognize those who contribute to a greater under standing of naval history as illus trated in this edition with the program insert for our Commo

dore Dudley W. Knox Luncheon on August 25 as well as a summary of last year’s award winners in the 2021 Annual Report. Of special note, I would highlight for you Miss Jessie Henderson, the Cleveland, Tenn., high school student who won our Captain Ken Coskey Prize at National History Day (NHD) in both 2020 and 2021 and this year took third place in the nation in the annual NHD competition. I think you will enjoy our feature Pull Together interview with this future naval historian.

We were gratified that more than 200 members joined virtually to watch the annual meeting and Cdr. David T. Leighton lecture on “The Indispensables” by noted military historian Patrick K. O’Donnell. See the summary of 2021 in the annual report.

I very much appreciate your support and engagement this past year.

Warm regards, Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

Event Updates & Upcoming

By Rear Adm. Edward S. “Sonny” Masso, USN (Ret.)

Though variants of COVID-19 are still making the rounds (as I recently experienced), vacci nations and protocols have encour aged organizations to hold live events. Ours is no exception. On May 3, we marked the 40th anniversary of the Falklands War with an American perspective of the conflict at a program at the National Museum of the U.S. Navy. Following a well-delivered overview of the British–Argentine conflict by Dr. Peter Haynes of the Naval History and Heritage Command, Dr. Sebastian Bruns of the U.S. Naval Academy Political Science Department moderated a stellar panel featuring the Secretary of the Navy at the time, the Honorable John F. Lehman; a promi nent Defense Department official, Dr. Dov Zakheim; and a consultant for the subsequent lessons-learned study, Mr. Norman Polmar. The panelists laid out the awkward political challenges the conflict presented to the United States. On one hand you had Argentina training U.S.-backed Contras to challenge the Marxist Noriega regime in Nicaragua. Then on the other hand you had the strong “special relationship” between the two North Atlantic NATO allies. Secretary Lehman recalled a meeting with President Ronald Reagan discussing support requests from the Thatcher-led government in Britain with the president determining to “Give Maggie what she wants.” Dr. Zakheim then elaborated on his role in ensuring that support was clandestinely handled. As for lessons learned in that conflict, Norman Polmar listed a number of findings, ranging from inadequate damage control capabilities to limited antimissile defense capabil ities. To view the hour-long program in full, do visit the NHF YouTube channel. https://www.youtube.com/user/ NHFNavalHistory

Midway banquet on June 3 at the Army Navy Country Club in Arlington, Va. The Director of Naval Reactors Adm. James F. Caldwell, Jr., credited the Director of Naval History Rear Adm. Sam Cox for putting together a series of three obscure aspects of the battle that, when taken together, factored heavily towards the outcome. With his background as a submariner, Caldwell took special pride in the role Nautilus played in adding to the challenges faced by the Japanese carriers.

The loss of HMS Sheffield due to inadequate anti-missile defense was discussed during the Falklands War panel discussion.

Our annual meeting held on June 11 turned into a hybrid affair as our David T. Leighton lecturer, Patrick K. O’Donnell, also had come into contact with Covid. Still, the best-selling author of a number of best-seller military histories delivered a brilliant presentation from his Ohio home about the role the mariners of Marble head, Mass., played during the American Revolution in support of George Washington’s Continental Army. Speaking to a crowd of over 200 members viewing online as well as a studio audience at the Navy Museum consisting of members of the NHF Board and some local members, O’Donnell provided an overview of his recently published The Indispensables on how the Marblehead maritime community turned sour on British Colonial rule and supported Washington’s successful effort to force the British from Boston. Subsequently, it was the Marblehead men who evacuated Washington’s troops from Brooklyn and then Manhattan in the summer of 1776, avoiding defeats that could have ended the rebellion then and there. Finally, O’Donnell detailed how the Marblehead sailors successfully got Washington’s troops across the Delaware to enable victory to occur at Trenton in December 1776. As with the Falklands War seminar, the O’Donnell Leighton Lecture is on the NHF YouTube Channel as the closing hour of the 2022 annual meeting.

After a two-year hiatus, the NHF again joined with other Navy Support organizations to cohost the annual

NHF Events

Upcoming

Our next live event is going to be held on August 25 at the Army Navy Country Club in Arlington: the Commodore Dudley W. Knox Award Luncheon to honor our 2022 medal recipients Dr. Donald Bittner and Dr. Norman Friedman. Further details of this event are detailed in the centerfold section of this newsletter. We hope to see you there! To register, visit www.navyhistory.org

Finally, we are full throttle ahead to host the annual NHF Five Star Mess Night on Saturday November 5. Given capacity restrictions at the Navy Museum and antic ipated demand for tickets given the planned theme, we have changed the venue to the Army Navy Country Club in Arlington. As detailed in our last and this edition of Pull Together, this fall marks the centennial of U.S. Navy carrier aviation. Though Langley was commissioned in March 1922, much work still needed to be completed to get the ship under way to conduct flight operations. It was in October and November 1922 that marked the inaugu ration of flight operations, and it’s these anniversaries that we will celebrate this November. This will be a memorable black-tie event. Details will be forthcoming at www. navyhistory.org.

Of course, we continue with our Second Saturday webinars, all of which can be found on our YouTube channel. Following the March program on the USS Langley featuring research conducted by staff historian Dave Winkler and commentary by Vice Adm. Thomas Kilcline, Jr., and Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn, we turned to the Vietnam War in April to mark the 50th anniversary of the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive. Dr. Ed Marolda, author of Admirals Under Fire, set the stage for an engaging conversation involving the Honorable B. J. Penn and Adm. Leighton “Snuffy” Smith.

Dr. Craig Symonds kicked off our May program, discussing the critical role the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard played in repairing Yorktown following the Battle of the Coral Sea, ensuring that carrier would be present at Midway. The importance of having an industrial infrastructure capable of such support to the fleet was subsequently covered by Capt. Richard Hepburn and Rear Adm. Bill Cobb.

Our previously noted David T. Leighton lecture by Patrick K. O’Donnell did double duty as our Second Saturday presentation for June.

For July, we explored recent history with a discussion of a report produced in 2010 by Vice Adm. Phillip Balisle

on surface ship readiness. Vice Adm. Peter Daly of the U.S. Naval Institute opened the program with a contextual overview and then joined with the report’s author and Rear Adm. Brad Hicks to discuss the findings and why the report remains relevant today.

If you are reading this newsletter the morning of Saturday August 20, you may still have time to join in with our inaugural Second Saturday speaker Dr. Craig Symonds, who recently published a biography on Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. Symonds will offer new insights about the man who arguably is the U.S. Navy’s most famous admiral.

On September 10, we will feature a historical discus sion about civilian control of the Navy established in the early days of the nation, as documented by Marine Corps University historian Tommy Sheppard in his recent book Commanding Petty Despots: The American Navy in the New Republic. Former Navy Secretaries John F. Lehman and Ray Mabus have been invited to offer commentary.

On October 8, Dr. Ryan Wadle of the Naval War College, author of Selling Sea Power: Public Relations and the U.S. Navy, 1917–1941, will mark the centennial of Navy Day with a discussion of how the Office of Naval Intel ligence engineered the advent of this annual holiday to generate public support for the Navy and how the October 27 event that coincided with Theodore Roosevelt’s birthday gained in popularity until the 1950s.

The second Saturday in November falls on the 12th, the 80th anniversary of the commence ment of the Naval Battle for Guadalcanal. We will welcome Trent Hone and Paul Stillwell, both of whom authored outstanding narrations of these surface actions, with Stillwell’s most recent being Battleship Commander: The Life of Vice Admiral Willis A. Lee, Jr.

On December 10 we close out the year on the gridiron to discuss the significance of the Army–Navy game over the decades. To liven up the discussion, don’t be surprised if we bring in some alums from that school up on the Hudson!

All our Second Saturdays will be preannounced on our Thursday Tidings e-letters, and you can preregister and forward questions beforehand or you can just join us on the day of the program at www.navyhistory.org

The Future of Naval History: An Interview with Awardee Jessie Henderson

Jessie Henderson of Bradley Central High School, Cleveland, Tenn., has participated in National History Day competitions since middle school where she found a supportive teacher, Mrs. Julie Mitchell, to assist her with her Navy history projects. During her sophomore year at Bradley Central High School, she earned the NHF Ken Coskey Prize for Naval History at the senior level for her profile on Capt. Rosemary Mariner, and last year she won the prize again with her history of the Aerographer’s Mate rating. This year she took the bronze medal for the best project overall nationally with her documentary titled “More Than Potatoes: Debate and Diplomacy in the Mission of the USS Jamestown.”

PT: How did you get interested in the National History Day competition? How helpful were your high school teachers?

JH: I started my participation in National History Day in eighth grade after receiving a letter from my seventhgrade history teacher, Mrs. Mitchell, asking me and a friend to participate in NHD. I thought it sounded like fun, and I’ve always liked history. So despite the warning that “It’s not for the faint of heart,” we did. And I loved it and have done it ever since. Because I started in middle school, and there isn’t an NHD team at my high school, my high school teachers haven’t really been involved in the competitions. Instead, I continued participating every year with Mrs. Mitchell as my teacher. Mrs. Mitchell has been overwhelmingly helpful every year. I could not have done this without her, and I couldn’t have asked for anyone better to help me with these competitions. She has been a great support not only through the competitions but also through the rest of everything that’s been going on in my life. I owe her a lot.

PT: What inspired you to write on naval-history-related topics? Any family Navy ties?

JH: I have two uncles and two close family friends who were in the Navy. I’ve always been interested in military history; there’s a strong respect and love for it in my whole family. But I started researching Navy-related topics in 2019–2020 when a family friend (whose husband was in the Navy) had read about Captain Mariner in the newspaper and suggested I choose her. I immensely enjoyed researching Navy history and decided to continue it for the last two years of my NHD participation.

PT: What led you to write about the three topics you chose?

JH: First off, all the topics I chose had to fit the NHD theme, so that dictated what I chose. But more specifically, I chose Captain Mariner because she was an incredibly inspirational topic with a Tennessee connection, and I really wanted to learn more about her and honor her legacy. I chose to do the Aerographer’s Mates the next year because I wanted to do something most people don’t know a lot about but is vital to the Navy. And I chose the USS Jamestown’s mission because I had never heard of it before and was intrigued by the United States’ role in the potato famine, outside of the fact many Irish immigrants were moving to the United States during that time—and it had the Navy connection that I love so much.

PT: Tell us about the challenges of doing research, especially during COVID.

JH: Because of COVID restrictions, during the past three years a lot of my research has been online. Thankfully, I was able to go to the house of Tommy Mariner, Captain Mariner’s husband, and talk to him and look through some of the papers and artifacts that he had about her. We did wear masks and take basic precautions while there. It was a wonderful experience to get to do that, even in the midst of COVID, and it was a great help to my research. But the other two years, I wasn’t able to get much hands-on research done, which made me sad. It was even difficult

Interview

to get things mailed from archives because of the very tight restrictions and short staffing that’s been going on. So sadly, almost everything came from online or books that were at our local library or that I could buy. Research done that way, while still rewarding, is just not nearly as fun as going through physical records. It also made finding primary sources a bit more difficult, although we were able to find a good number from website archives, such as the Naval History and Heritage Command.

PT: What else have you been doing to build on your success at National History Day?

JH: Through the Albert H. Small Normandy Institute

I got to research a soldier from my hometown, 1st Sgt. James P. O’Neal, who died during the D-Day campaign in Normandy and is buried in the National American Cemetery in France. I am in the process of finalizing a biography of him and was able to go to France at the end

of June and beginning of July and give a eulogy at his grave. While there, we also saw some of the major D-Day sites in Normandy (such as Pegasus Bridge, the beaches, the Hillman bunker, the Longues-sur-Mer Battery). I think some of my biggest takeaways were 1) of course, that freedom isn’t free; 2) that it’s vital that the campaign and the sacrifices of the men who died there are remembered for the incredible feat and sacrifice that they were; and 3) before seeing Normandy I had an understanding of what happened during the invasion (learning about it beforehand is part of the institute), but it wasn’t until I saw the landscape, the fortifications, and the towns that I really understood the campaign and the challenges all those men faced.

PT: Any advice for future competitors for the Coskey Prize?

JH: I would tell future NHD participants to not give up despite setbacks—I’ve had my fair share of them. And to choose a topic that is less well known but still very impactful to the time period and to the future of the United States. I would also stress that they pick a topic that they’re truly interested in. I can’t imagine how different it would have been for me if I had chosen topics that I wasn’t interested in. It would have been a completely different experience.

PT: What are your college/career plans?

JH: I will be attending Lee University for college and double majoring in history and digital media. My plan is to make historical documentaries for a living.

Staff Historian Returns from Porto, Portugal

NHF Staff Historian Dave Winkler recently participated in the 8th International Maritime History Association (IMHA) International Congress of Maritime History hosted by the University of Porto over the week preceding the July 4th weekend. Held every four years, the Congress had been scheduled for 2020 when COVID-19 shut down international travel. IMHA traces its origins to 1986 to a session of maritime history at the 9th International Congress of Economic History in Berne, Switzerland. Discussions afterward led to creation of a newsletter to be circu lated among some 900 maritime historians. Individual

Naval

notification on ongoing scholarship swelled newsletter content from 50 pages to more than 100 pages, and unsolicited article submissions led to the publica tion of the first edition of the International Journal of Maritime History in June 1989. The emerging organi zation’s steering committee then turned to organizing a conference. The 1 st International Congress on Maritime History was held in Liverpool in 1992, drawing more than 100 paper presentations. Subsequent congresses have been hosted mostly in European maritime centers,

Ms. Henderson eulogizing 1st Sgt. James P. O’Neal at Normandy.

Naval Historical Foundation Honors

2022 Commodore Dudley W. Knox Medal Recipients: Dr. Donald F. Bittner Dr. Norman Friedman

A Salute from the Chairman

Let me offer my sincere appreciation to those attending our August luncheon in Arlington and convey a special thanks to the sponsors who underwrote the expenses associated with this celebratory event.

As we forge ahead into the 21st century, the historical understanding of past events and the role of sea power will be more important than ever. The individuals we are honoring have brought these important messages to light and shared their work with other people. The individuals honored with the Knox Medal at our luncheon have spent their careers enhancing our knowledge of the significance of the maritime domain and have served as role models for future naval history

practitioners. Some of those future practitioners also have their names printed in this program—finalists in the U.S. Naval Academy’s Voices of Maritime History Competition for the Superintendent’s Annual Leadership and Vision Award, winners of the Captain Ken Coskey Prize at National History Day, and those NROTC midshipmen who earned certificates of achievement through our Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn NROTC academic excellence recognition program.

Bravo Zulu to all!

Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

The Commodore Dudley Wright Knox Medal

About the Commodore Dudley Wright Knox Medal—The award is named for Commodore Dudley Wright Knox (1877–1960). A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and Naval War College, Knox had a distinguished career as a naval officer with service in the Spanish American War, Boxer Rebellion, Great White Fleet, and World War I. But it was his abilities as a histo rian, librarian, and archivist that earned him respect and admiration among his peers and later generations.

Transferred to the Retired List of the Navy on 20 October 1921, Knox had served as Officer in Charge, Office of Naval Records and Library, and as Curator for the Navy Department. The publication of his clarion call Our Vanishing Naval History in the Naval Institute Proceed ings in January 1926 led to the establishment of the Naval Historical Foundation. He would serve as secretary of the organization for decades and was its president at the time of his passing in 1960.

Established in 2013, the medal is presented to individ uals who have dedicated a lifetime of work to further our

understanding of naval history. Besides the publication of work of scholarly significance, factors germane for award consideration include mentorship of future naval historians and participation and leadership in organiza tions that promote maritime/naval/military history.

Following is a list of the previous recipients of the Knox Medal:

• 2013: James C. Bradford, Philip K. Lundeberg, William N. Still, Jr.

• 2014: William S. Dudley, John B. Hattendorf, Harold D. Langley, Craig L. Symonds

• 2015: Dean C. Allard, Thomas J. Cutler, Kenneth J. Hagan

• 2016: Christopher McKee

• 2017: Jon Sumida, Paul Stillwell, Edward Marolda

• 2019: Tyrone G. Martin, Norman Polmar, David Curtis Skaggs, Jr.

• 2020: Michael J. Crawford, Peter M. Swartz

• 2021: Robert M. Browning, Jr., Thomas C. Hone, Kathleen Broome Williams

9: Commodore Dudley W. Knox, USN CREDIT: Naval History and Heritage Command

The 2022 Knox Medal Recipient: Bittner

Dr. Donald F. Bittner is professor emeritus of military history at the Marine Corps Command and Staff College, Quantico, Va. He received his Ph.D. in history from the University of Missouri in 1974 (and his B.S. and master’s degrees from that institution). Between 1963 and 1989, Professor Bittner served in the Marine Corps as a regular officer and reserve officer, retiring as a Lieutenant Colonel. From 1975 to 2012 he served on the faculty of the Command and Staff College; since 2012, although retired, each academic year he continues to mentor two to five master’s students as well as offering his elective on the American Indian wars. In June 2000, the Marine Corps Univer sity Foundation awarded him its most prestigious honor: The General Leonard F. Chapman medallion for service at the Command and Staff College. His publications include The Lion and the White Falcon: Britain and Iceland in the World War II Era (1983); A Ghost of a General and the R.M. Officer Corps of 1914 (1984); Curriculum Evolution: Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 1920-1988 (1993); Officers of Royal Marines in the Age of Sail: Professional and Personal Life in His and Her Majesty’s “Soldiers of the Sea” (2002); and A Soldier Gone to Sea: Memoir of a Royal Marine in Both World Wars (2016), plus articles in The Journal of Military History, RUSI

Introducer: Dr. Alan R. Millett

Journal, Armed Forces and Society, The Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, and Mariners’ Mirror. He has authored entries in various reference works, including the Oxford New Dictionary of National Biography (2004). He wrote the chapter on Major General John Henry Russell in Commandants of the Marine Corps (2004); U.S. Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipient Colonel Justice M. Chambers in The Human Experience in the World War II Era (2001); and the entries on Marine Corps profes sional military education in Professional Military Education in the United States: A Historical Dictionary (2000). He is currently writing a book on the social and professional history of the officer corps of Britain’s Royal Marines between 1815 and 1914. In 1992, he served as chairman of the annual meeting of the Society for Military History and edited a book of peer-reviewed essays from that annual meeting. Between 2012 and 2021, Dr. Bittner was secretary-general of the United States Commission on Military History, and in the 1980s he served on the edito rial board of the Marine Corps Gazette. Over the decades, he has presented papers as well as chaired and/or been commen tator at history conferences, especially the Society for Military History, the Consortium on the Revolutionary Era, the Northern Great Plains History Conference, the Missouri Valley History Conference, and the biannual naval history symposia at the U. S. Naval Academy.

Professor Millett is a specialist in the history of American military policy and twentieth century wars and military institutions. He is also a specialist of international stature on the history of the Korean War. In December 2005, Dr. Millett was named professor emeritus at The Ohio State University where since 1969 he directed 68 doctoral dissertations to completion, a national record in his specialty. In January 2006, he began a professional appoint ment in history at the University of New Orleans as Director of the Eisenhower Center for American Studies. He also serves as the senior military advisor at The National World War II Museum in New Orleans.

Naval Historical Foundation

The 2022 Knox Medal Recipient: Friedman

Dr. Norman Friedman is a strat egist and historian interested in the intersection between defense technology and national policy. He received his Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University in 1974. He subsequently spent more than a decade at a prominent U.S. think tank and then another decade with the Office of the Secretary of the Navy. He also served for two years as futurologist to the Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. His long career as a contractor to defense organizations, including the U.S. Navy and some of its major contractors, has included studying subjects such as the future of unmanned aircraft, the U.S. Coast Guard Deepwater program, and the impact of new policies on what became the Zumwalt class destroyer. He has lectured widely on naval topics for the U.S. Navy and for private organizations, as well as at the junior and senior defense colleges in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. His books

include Winning a Future War: War Gaming and Victory in the Pacific War; The Fifty-Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War; Seapower as Strategy: Navies and National Interests; and Network-Centric Warfare: How Navies Learned to Fight Smarter Through Three World Wars. Over two dozen other books include histories of U.S. and British warship development covering aircraft carriers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and amphibious ships as well as weapon and sensor systems as reflections of those navies’ policies and tactical thinking, based on extensive primary research. The Fifty-Year War received the Westminster Medal as the best military history of its year by the Royal United Services Institute; Dr. Friedman remains the only non-British writer so honored. Seapower as Strategy received the Samuel Eliot Morison award from the Naval Order of the United States. For many years Dr. Friedman wrote the monthly World Naval Developments column in the U.S. Naval Insti tute Proceedings. He has also appeared frequently on television, both as a commentator on current events and as a historian.

Introducer: Vice Adm. Peter Daly, USN (Ret.)

Admiral Daly is the Chief Executive Officer of the U.S. Naval Institute, Prior to accepting the CEO post in 2011, Vice Admiral Daly served as Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff, U.S. Fleet Forces Command. His Navy career, spanning more than 30 years, includes command of the destroyer Russell (DDG 59); Command of Destroyer Squadron 31; and Command of Carrier Strike Group 11 — Nimitz Strike Group. As Nimitz Strike Group Commander in 2005, he led Task Forces 50, 152 and 58 in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom and maritime intercept operations in the Arabian Gulf. He is a graduate of the College of Holy Cross (A.B. Economics), receiving a regular commission through the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps program. He holds a Master’s degree in Operations Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.

Voices of Maritime History Competition for the Superintendent’s Annual Leadership and Vision Award Finalists

About the Award—Sponsored by the late Dr. J. Phillip London, USNA ’59, and administered by the NHF, the award is intended to promote potential new naval perspectives, narratives, tactics, investments, adoption of innovative technologies, and capabilities including public education and interests in the maritime environment, freedom of the seas, or produc tivity of the ocean. For the fifth year, the NHF hosted a combination essay - oral presentation competition open to US Naval Academy Midshipmen that challenges the entrants to view a contemporary situation and apply lessons from history to propose courses of action. After the paper submissions were narrowed down to three finalists, they presented verbal arguments to a panel of judges that included Director of the Naval History and Heritage Command Rear Adm. Sam Cox, Naval War College Prof. Dr. Charles Chadbourn as well as the competition organizer NHF Vice President Marty Bollinger. Following

deliberations, Midn. Nels J. Waaraniemi — who was runner up last year — was declared the winner arguing that the SDI initiative of the 1980s offers a model for Navy anti-ship missile defense. On March 29, the NHF joined by Vice Admiral Sean Buck, Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy and Dr. Jennifer London celebrated the contest winners at the Doubletree Hotel in Annapolis.

First Place ($5,000) Midn. 2/C Nels J. Waaraniemi

“Heir to Star Wars: Missile Defense from SDI to Lasers”

Second Place ($2,500) Midn. 3/C Quentin Zimmer

“Drowning the Sun: Defeating Imperial Japanese A2/AD and its Application to China”

Third Place ($1,000) Midn. 1/c Peter Passaro

“The Three Cobblers Partnership: Maritime Insurgency in the Malay Archipelago”

Captain Edward L. Beach Prize for Excellence in History at USNA

About the Award

Sponsored by Ms. Ingrid Beach, the wife of former NHF Director and noted author Capt. “Ned” Beach, the award recognizes the accomplishments of a graduating history major from the U.S. Naval Academy.

Vice Admiral Robert F. Dunn NROTC Awards

About the Award

Sponsored by the past president of the Naval Historical Foundation, this recognition program enables NROTC professors of naval science to either submit midshipmen essays to compete for cash prizes or provide names of deserving individuals to receive certificates of achievement.

2021–2022 Certificate Recipients:

Midn. 4/c Mackenzie Allen (University of California San Diego)

Midn. 4/c James Bishop (University of San Diego)

Midn 4/c Grayson Callahan (Auburn University)

Midn. 4/c Emma Crandell (University of San Diego)

Midn. 4/c Kyle Dramov (Point Loma Nazarene University)

Midn. 4/c Luke Fair (Tuskegee University)

Midn. 4/c Gabriel King (Ohio State University)

Midn. 4/c Nicholas Lloyd (San Diego State University) Midn. 4/c Andrew Oleson (University of San Diego) Midn. 4/c Clayton Sands (Georgetown University)

Recipient: Midn. 1/c Peter Passaro

National History Day Captain Ken Coskey Prizes

About the Prizes: Honoring former NHF Executive Director Ken Coskey, the prizes are sponsored by his widow Ms. Rosemary Coskey and recognize top naval-history-related projects at National History Day from middle and high school students.

Senior Level ($1,000): ShaoYuan Su, Cary Academy, Cary, N.C.

“Is the Pen Really Mightier than the Sword? Naval Influences on 19th Century American Diplomacy”

Junior Level ($1,000): Ethan Byram, Berwick Middle School, Berwick, Maine

“The Treaty of Portsmouth: How Diplomacy Led to the End of the Russo-Japanese War”

Of Note: National History Day Bronze Medalist: Jessie Henderson, Bradley Central High School, Cleveland, Tenn. “More Than Potatoes: Debate and Diplomacy in the Mission of the USS Jamestown.” Henderson earned the Coskey senior-level prize in both 2020 and 2021.

National History Day NHF Teachers of Distinction Awards

About the Awards: The Teachers of Distinction Awards recognize teachers who not only supported winning entries but who encouraged other students to submit naval-history-related projects.

For 2022 they are:

Christa Bui, Noble Middle School, Berwick, Maine

Naomi Barlaz, Cary Academy, Cary, N.C.

Beth Doughty, Chief Umtuch Middle School, Vancouver, Wash.

Geordie Paulus, Burleigh Manor Middle School, Ellicott City, Md.

Jon Pang, Lakeside Middle School, Irvine, Calif.

Julie Mitchell, Bradley Central High School, Cleveland, Tenn.

Bryan Deger, Centennial High School, Bakersfield, Calif. Cherlye Redelings, Benzie County Home School, Beulah, Mich.

Alyssa Buhlen, Porter Traditional School, Woodbridge, Va.

the Navy

Two Gems of the Washington Navy Yard Waterfront!

By David F. Winkler, Ph.D., Staff Historian

TheWashington Navy Yard features numerous historic landmarks, with Latrobe Gate, the CNO’s Tingey House, and the Commandant’s Headquar ters Building No. 1 leading the pecking order. That being said, two structures along the waterfront should not be overlooked – the remnants of the first marine railway in the Western Hemisphere and the current Cold War Gallery that earlier served as the Navy’s first model boat basin. The property these two structures are situated has been under Navy owner ship since 1798 when President John Adams approved of the acquisition of property along what was then referred to as the Eastern Branch of the Potomac River. Congress subse quently passed legis lation to build two dry docks and a ship at the Southeast Washington location. These dry docks would never be built. Instead, President Thomas Jefferson envisioned an 800-foot-long, 175-foot-wide dry dock that could, through a series of locks, raise the entire frigate fleet out of water for long-term preservation in times of nonconfrontation. The dry-docking facility, designed by Benjamin H. Latrobe, would not receive funding from Congress. During the first decade of the 19th century, a wharf would be constructed to allow for the maintenance and overhaul of naval vessels. In an effort to keep operating costs down, by late 1804 the frigates Constitution, United States, President, Congress, Constellation, and New York had been taken out of service and placed “in ordinary” at

Washington Navy Yard Marine Railway once featured a hangar-like structure to allow for year-round repair work. This image dates from the 1860s. Courtesy NHHC

the yard. Jefferson instead invested in building a fleet of gunboats, with the prototype built on the banks of the Eastern Branch. With the United States declaring war on Great Britain in 1812, work proceeded at the Navy Yard on the frigate Columbia and the sloop of war Argus Construction was well along when the ships’ builders had to burn them to prevent capture by the British in August 1814. With much of the rest of the yard burned, the Navy started to rebuild. In addition to rebuilding the incinerated stores and machine shops, the Navy built facil ities to manufacture the Navy’s anchors, chains, and ballast blocks. Ship construc tion resumed, and in 1819, the Washington Navy Yard launched a 74-gun ship of the line Columbus However, the Navy still had no dry docks in its industrial infrastructure. Instead, it borrowed an innovation that had been introduced in Scotland called a “patent slip,” which consisted of a wheeled cradle that would be lowered down rails that were placed on a slight incline into a waterway. The vessel slated for work would be placed on the cradle and pulled up the incline, leaving the vessel high and dry. The concept became better known as a marine railway. In Washington, Commo. John Rodgers demonstrated the concept in 1822 to President James Monroe, members of Congress, foreign digni taries, and the public when 140 yard workers hauled the newly constructed frigate Potomac out of the water on

Washington Navy Yard Waterfront

a wooden-planked incline. Impressed, Congress funded the more permanent structure that remains intact today. Visitors who walk around the backside of the William III sandwich shop will note that the machinery used to haul vessels out of the river is on display.

Situated adjacent to the marine railway is the former Washington Navy Yard’s Experimental Model Basin (EMB). Now serving as the Navy Museum’s Cold War Gallery, the facility was built at the urging of naval constructor David Watson

Taylor, who convinced Congress of the need for towing tanks and model tests as the Navy began constructing a steel fleet.

Subsequently, in 1896, Congress appropriated $100,000 to build a “Model Tank for Experiments” at the Washington Navy Yard. The state-of-the-art EMB featured a basin that was 14 feet deep, 42 feet wide, and 470 feet long—the longest of its kind on the planet, filled with a million gallons of filtered city water. Overhead, a carriage not only towed the models but also contained photographic equipment that enabled engineers to study eddy and wave-making resistance. During nearly four decades in use, the tank tested more than 1,000 hull models for all Navy and many civilian vessels. EMB also hosted the Navy’s first wind tunnel. With Naval Air Station Anacostia serving as the Navy’s primary aircraft evaluation facility, models tested at EMB detected design flaws that certainly saved test pilot lives.

Unfortunately, it was a design flaw that doomed EMB. The facility had been built atop natural springs, and over time the water flow compromised EMB’s sandstone foundation. In addition, while the tank capably handled the hull models of Great White Fleet–era ships, larger interwar-era models were brushing up against the sides of the tank. Thus a successor tank was built in 1939 and remains in service at Carderock, Md. With the tank filled in, the long brick structure served first as a warehouse before opening over a decade ago as an annex to the Navy Museum.

If you visit the Washington Navy Yard, be sure to add

must-see list – and

stop by the Naval Historical Founda tion!

is

Naval

The Experimental Model Basin under construction circa 1897. Note the Shelter for the adjacent Marine Railway. Courtesy NHHC.

NHF Executive Director Stars at Yogi Berra Museum

This past June 6 marked the 78th anniversary of D-Day, which was commemorated in many ways across the United States and abroad. The Yogi Berra Museum in Montclair, N.J., featured one of the more unique tributes to those that made the ultimate sacrifice and others who survived to go on to liberate France and end the war. Lawrence Peter “Yogi” Berra, as a second class seaman assigned to the USS Bayfield, found himself as a member of a six-man detachment assigned to crew a rocket-boat, a converted landing craft having a mission of firing salvos of rockets at enemy strongholds.

Berra’s actions, along with thousands of other American and allied forces that crossed the channel that day, were the subject of a roundtable panel that featured the NHF’s

executive director. Joining Masso on the stage of the ballpark-reminiscent auditorium was the 75th Secretary of the Navy, the Honorable Ray Mabus; Luke Epplin, author of Our Team: The Epic Story of Four Men and the World Series That Changed Baseball; and Larry Berra, the youngest son of the Yankee Hall of Fame catcher.

During a lively discussion following introductory remarks from the former Navy Secretary, the panel discussed the role baseball played in maintaining the nation’s morale and how the services initially used their major league draftees to play exhibition ball before large crowds of servicemen as captured during a NHF July 2021 webinar on the subject. Epplin and Masso both pointed out that ballplayers from the Negro leagues were not invited to play in these exhibitions. Larry Doby, who grew up in nearby Paterson, served in the Navy and eventually broke the American League color barrier with the Cleve land Indians. In the case of Berra, his experience more mirrored those of his African-American counterparts. Without any major league experience, having just been drafted by the Yankees, Berra joined the Navy to become a gunner’s mate. With regards to D-Day, the younger Berra reflected that his father saw much carnage that day, but the memory he sought most to repress in ensuing years was of the gruesome task of recovering the floating bodies of those who were killed during the initial assault.

In addition to the panel, the Yogi Berra Museum welcomed midshipmen from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, who provided the color guard and vocalist for the national anthem.

Staff Historian Portugal Trip

with the exception of the 2016 congress held in Freemantle, Australia. The 2024 9th Congress will be held in Pusan, Korea.

At the 8th Congress, which had the theme of “Old and New Uses of the Ocean,” Winkler gave an update on the status of accords such as the U.S.–Russia Incidents at Sea Agreement and the U.S.–China Military Maritime Consultative Agreement and other multinational efforts to prevent confrontational situations on the world’s oceans from turning violent. He also chaired a session on steamships featuring scholars from France, Belgium, and

Estonia. Throughout the Congress, the NHF represen tative listened to presentations and met with other naval historians from Sweden, Britain, Canada, France, Portugal, Spain, and Japan, soliciting submissions to the NHF-sup ported International Journal of Naval History

Remarkably, the United States was underrepresented at this international gathering. The current commercial aviation factor may have proven a factor as Winkler had to be rerouted both coming and going. Overall, for the NHF staff historian, “the opportunity to network and spend a week with like-minded individuals having a passion for our shared maritime heritage and a recognition of the signif icance of sea power” was a welcome distraction from the daily grind associated with living in the nation’s capital.

NHF 2021 Annual Report

By Vice Adm. Frank Pandolfe, USN (Ret.) President, Naval Historical Foundation

Overview

“Steady as you go” describes NHF’s work during 2021. Under the leadership of Adm. “Fox” Fallon, Rear Adm. Sonny Masso and our staff kept NHF on an even keel through the second year of pandemic restric tions. During that difficult time, we honed our social media skills through online publication of Thursday Tidings e-letters, Second Saturday webinars, and the International Journal of Naval History. Our fund-raising efforts and recognition programs continued. And as restrictions eased, we again began hosting public events to honor special individuals.

We reopened the Navy Museum store to visitors this spring. (Of note, even during the worst days of the pandemic, our store manager, Mr. John Royal, kept the operation going through online sales.) Further, restrictions have been lifted on hosting large gatherings in the museum, which have been a major source of revenue for NHF. In October 2021, we held our first naval history used-book sale in the museum, netting over $4,000 in profits on the resale of books donated by NHF members.

Critical to the survival of NHF during the pandemic has been the generosity of our members, most recently demonstrated by your strong response to our 2021 end-of-year appeal. We are most grateful for your support.

Recognizing Achievement

Recognizing deserving individuals is central to NHF’s mission. During our June 2020 annual meeting, we announced Dr. Michael Crawford and Capt. Peter Swartz as recipients of the 2020 Commodore Dudley W. Knox Medal for lifetime achievement in the field of naval history. Their well-deserved awards were presented to them in person in August 2021 at a luncheon in the Army

Navy Country Club in Arlington. Also at that event, we saluted our 2020 Volunteer of the Year, Dr. Charles Chadbourn of the Naval War College, for the superb way he fulfilled his duties as editor-inchief of the International Journal of Naval History.

Further, we announced that Dr. Robert Browning, Jr., Dr. Thomas Hone, and Dr. Kathleen Broome Williams had earned the Knox Medal honor for 2021. We recognized that trio of deserving scholars at a September 2021 banquet held in the Annapolis Doubletree hotel. That venue also provided us with an opportunity to salute Midn. Jennifer Sun, who won our fourth Voices of Maritime History Competition for the USNA Superintendent’s Annual Leadership Award, for her essay on interwar Fleet Problem IX.

In May 2021, we also announced that noted naval author Mr. James Hornfischer had been selected to receive NHF’s Distinguished Service Award for his tireless work promoting naval history through his brilliant writings and his selfless support of other authors. Fortunately, we were able to present this honor to Jim before his untimely passing in June 2021.

In addition, the following individuals were recognized during 2021:

• Midn. Robert “Bo” Schrader, USNA, earned the Capt. Edward L. “Ned” Beach Prize in recogni tion for his superb contributions as a history major at the U.S. Naval Academy.

• Midn. Will Stefanou, University of San Diego, earned the Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn Grand Prize for his essay “Six Cornerstones of Naval Tactics and Our Future.”

• Ms. Jesse Henderson of Cleveland, Tenn., received the Capt. Ken Coskey National History Day Prize (Senior Level) for her video titled “Aerographer’s Mates: Communicating Weather from Sea to Shining Sea.”

NHF 2021 Annual Report

• Ms. Rebecca Bemiss of Plattsville, Conn., received the Capt. Ken Coskey National History Day Prize (Junior Level) for her video “Mavis Batey and the Geese that Never Cackled.”

Also, NHF recognized the following educators as Teachers of Distinction in support of National History Day: Julie Mitchell of Cleveland, Tenn.; Brian Zawadniak of Plattsville, Conn.; Stephanie Hammer of Stanardsville, Va.; Megan Sourchek of New Caney, Texas; Justin Carroll of Edmond, Okla.; Alfred Meadows of New Haven, Conn.; and Cathy Kerns of Chadron, Neb. Kudos to Capt. Jim Noone and the aforementioned Dr. Chadbourn for their generosity in making these awards possible.

Commemoration and Outreach

Last summer during our 2021 annual meeting, in anticipation of the release of Top Gun: Maverick, we asked Capt. Dan Pedersen, a founder of the Navy Fighter Weapons School, to deliver the Cdr. David T. Leighton Lecture. This was followed by commentary provided by two Top Gun alums, Vice Adm. Thomas “Killer” Kilcline and Vice Adm. Walter E. “Slapshot” Carter. We encourage you to view this presentation on the NHF YouTube channel and share it with your friends.

YouTube also features all of the Secord Saturday webinars NHF produced during 2021:

• January – “Desert Shield/Storm 30th Anniver sary” roundtable with Rear Adm. Sam Cox, Capt. Peter Haynes, and Capt. Daniel Thompson

• February – “The Legacy of Vice Adm. Samuel L. Gravely” with Dr. Regina Akers, Cdr. Paul Stillwell with the Honorable B. J. Penn, and Rear Adm. Julius Caesar.

• March – “The Thresher Tragedy” with Capt. Jim Bryant, Dr. Norman Friedman, and Mr. Stephen Walsh.

• April – “In Country Vietnam” with Dr. John Sherwood, Lt. Cdr. Tom Cutler, Vice Adm. David Robinson, Capt. Richard Krulis, and Lt. Rolland Kidder.

• May – “Nelson at Sea” with Stephen Howarth, Dr. Andrew Lambert, Adm. Jamie Foggo, and Vice Adm. Jeremy Kyd, RN.

Finally, we were pleased to honor Lt. Cdr. Sean Walsh as NHF’s 2021 Volunteer of the Year for his superb work as copyeditor for Thursday Tidings and his vital support of the Second Saturday webinars.

• June – “Top Gun” with Capt. Dan Pedersen, Vice Adm. Thomas Kilcline, and Vice Adm. Walter E. Carter.

• July – “Navy Baseball & the Second World War” with Mr. Matt Eng and Cdr. Paul Stillwell.

• August – “Art of the Sea – The Works of Arthur Beaumont” featuring his son, Mr. Geoffrey Beaumont.

• September – “9/11- The 20th Anniversary” with Adm. Vern Clark and Adm. Robert Natter.

NHF 2021 Annual Report

• October – “The Battle of Leyte Gulf” with Adm. James Holloway III (filmed in 2009), Mr. Trent Hone, and Cdr. Paul Stillwell.

• November – “Olympia – The Arrival of the Unknown” with Patrick K. O’Donnell, Dr. David Winkler, and Ms. Kara Newcomer.

• December – “Admiral Kimmel, Pearl Harbor, and Accountability” with The Honorable Steven Honigman, Dr. Randy Papadopoulos, and Dr. David Rosenberg.

In addition to our monthly Second Saturday webinars, we continued to publish NHF’s Thursday Tidings e-letter which features naval history book reviews, chats with recently published maritime authors, and a variety of naval history news items and article submissions from NHF members.

In 2021, we also published two editions of Pull Together. The spring edition focused on “The Art of the Sea” and included our 2020 annual report. Our fall edition highlighted the centennial of the arrival of the Unknown Soldier in USS Olympia. In that edition, we also paid tribute to cherished friends lost during the year, including Dr. J. Phillip London, Senator John W. Warner, Mr. James Hornfischer, Capt. Edward Bronson, Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell, and Navy Department Librarian Mr. Glenn Helm.

Additionally in 2021, the International Journal of Naval History continued digital production under the stewardship of Dr. Charles Chadbourn of the Naval War College. To view IJNH, please visit www.ijnhonline.org.

As always, throughout the year, our NHF staff continued to field phone calls and e-mail queries on naval history, accept book donations, and find homes for naval artifacts and personal paper collections. We stand ready to help if you have something to preserve regarding naval history.

Membership

As of 31 December 2021, NHF had 987 members. Our membership has remained steady over time and, thanks to digital outreach, we now also have 5,290 subscribers on YouTube and 7,358 followers on Facebook

Finances

The pandemic significantly curtailed our fund-raising efforts and that, along with the decline in valuation of our investment account, negatively impacted our financial situation. NHF started 2021 with $1,411,917 in its investment and credit union accounts. At the end of 2021, we had $1,329.958. And, as of 30 June 2022, NHF assets totaled $1,014,491.

This money funds a broad array of NHF services: producing knowledge content through the dissemination of book reviews and other postings of naval historical interest, publishing Pull Together, maintaining three websites to promote NHF and naval history, operating the Navy Museum Store, supporting the International Journal of Naval History, administering recogni tion programs to acknowledge naval scholarship, maintaining the oral history and memoir collec tions, and responding to naval history inquiries from the general public.

In addition, NHF supports the Naval History and Heritage Command, including by digitizing the 13-volume series Naval Documents of the American Revolution, providing technical exper tise in response to historical inquiries, and serving as a clearinghouse for books, artifacts, and histor ical papers offered by the public for donation.

NHF 2021 Annual Report

Board Members

Leadership

• Chairman: Adm. William J. Fallon, USN (Ret.)

• President: Vice Adm. Frank Pandolfe, USN (Ret.)

• Vice President: Mr. Martin J. Bollinger

• Treasurer: Rear Adm. Vincent L. Griffith, USN (Ret.)

Directors

• Mr. Matthew P. Bergman

• The Hon. Kenneth J. Braithwaite, II

• Vice Adm. Walter E. Carter, Jr., USN (Ret.)

• Vice Adm. John N. Christenson, USN (Ret.)

• Dr. Kate C. Epstein

• Adm. James G. Foggo, USN (Ret.)

• Rear Adm. Sinclair Harris, USN (Ret.)

• Capt. Henry J. Hendrix, USN (Ret.)

• Mr. Roger A. Krone

• The Hon. John F. Lehman

• Rear Adm. Larry R. Marsh, USN (Ret.)

• The Hon. B. J. Penn

• Dr. David A. Rosenberg

• Mr. Michael J. Wallace

• Chairman Emeritus

• Adm. Bruce DeMars, USN (Ret.)

• Directors Emeritus

• Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn, USN (Ret.)

• The Hon. J. William Middendorf

• Vice Adm. William H. Rowden, USN (Ret.)

Foundation Staff

Executive Director:

Rear Adm. Edward “Sonny” Masso, USN (Ret.)

Special Asst. to the Executive Director: GySgt. Harold Bryant, USMC (Ret.)

Staff Historian and Director of Programs: Dr. David F. Winkler

Director of Digital Outreach: Ms. Jessie Henderson Museum Store Clerk: Mr. John R. Royal

NHF Mourns the Loss of the Honorable Steven S. Honigman

We were saddened to learn of the passing of the Honorable Steve Honigman on July 26, 2022 in his sleep at Mt. Sinai in New York of stomach cancer. He was 74 years old. Mr Honigman joined the NHF Board of Directors in 2012 and was a very active supporter of the organization’s mission.

Born on May 14, 1948, Mr. Honigman grew up in Brooklyn and eventually earned a BA at New York University and a JD from Yale where he met Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham. From 1973-1977 he served as a Navy Judge Advocate and then returned to civilian life to become an associate at the law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison specializing in civil litigation. From 1982 to 1993, he was a partner at the law firm of Miller, Singer, Raives & Brandes.

In 1993, President Bill Clinton nominated Mr. Honigman as General Counsel of the Navy, a position he would retain for five years. During his tenure his tackled several issues of historical note such as evaluating a request to posthumously restore Adm. Husband Kimmel to the rank of Admiral (4 stars) that he held when he had command of the Pacific Fleet on December 7, 1941. Last December, Mr. Honigman discussed his views on accountability for that fateful day in a NHF Second Saturday webinar titled: “Pearl Harbor and the Kimmel Controversary”

For his service to the Navy, Mr. Honigman was awarded the Navy Distinguished Public Service Medal. In 1998, Honigman joined Thelen Reid as a partner. His primary areas of legal practice included government affairs and public policy, international business, and financial institution engagements. Besides supporting the NHF, he also served as Chairman of the Board of W2E International Corp., served on the board of the EastWest Institute, and was a Director of DRS Technologies, Inc. and The Wornick Company.

A lover of life, art, history, and food, Mr. Honigman took great pride in his work. He is survived by his loving wife Dr. Irene FinelHonigman and their daughter Dr. Ana Finel Honigman. He will be missed.

Naval Historical Foundation at the Washington Navy Yard P.O. Box 15304

Washington, DC 20003

The Best Holiday Gift for a Friend Sharing your Passion for our Naval History –A Gift Membership to the Naval Historical Foundation!

Unless otherwise specified below, NHF memberships are open to anyone interested in the history and heritage of the U.S. Navy.

Student (Free): Complimentary Individual membership option available to high school and higher education students (USNA/ROTC/ Midshipmen/Cadets). Must use an email ending with “.edu” to register.

Teacher ($35): Discounted Individual membership option available to educators.

Digital ($40): Benefits include a 10% discount on Navy Museum Store and online purchases, as well as a subscription to our Thursday Tidings newsletter for one year.

Individual ($50): Benefits include a 10% discount on Navy Museum Store purchases, as well as a subscription to our Thursday Tidings and Pull Together newsletters for one year.

Family ($75): Extends Individual benefits to multiple family members (not to exceed two parents and their children).

Supporter ($250): Benefits include a 10% discount on Navy Museum Store purchases and a subscription to our Thursday Tidings and Pull Together newsletters for one year, as well as a special mention in an issue of Pull Together

Life ($1,000): Benefits include a 20% discount on Navy Museum Store purchases and a subscription to our Thursday Tidings and Pull Together newsletters for life, as well as a special mention in an issue of Pull Together.

Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation.

EDITORIAL BOARD

Chairman: Adm. William J. “Fox” Fallon, USN (Ret.)

President: VAdm. Frank Pandolfe, USN (Ret.)

Executive Director: RAdm. Edward “Sonny” Masso, USN (Ret.)

Historian / Editor: Dr. David Winkler

Designer: Marlece Lusk Copy Editor: Catherine S. Malo

Naval Historical Foundation

Gift Member Contact Information

Gift Giver Name (to be noted in the new member’s welcome aboard letter)

Name (& Call Sign) Title (Rate/Rank)

Address (Duty Station) City, State, ZIP Phone Email

NHF is funded by the amazing gratitude of our members and donors!

Membership & Donation checks can be mailed to:

Naval Historical Foundation, P.O. Box 15304, Washington DC, 20003 If you desire to become a member or donate via credit card, visit us on-line at www.navyhistory.org. The Naval Historical Foundation is an IRS-approved 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Incorporated in Washington D.C. with a mission to preserve & promote naval history.

Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, P.O. Box 15304, Washington, DC 20003. Phone: (202) 678-4333. E-mail: info@navyhistory.org. Subscription is a benefit of membership in the Naval Historical Foundation. Advertisement inquiries for future issues and digital content are welcomed. Opinions expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Naval Historical Foundation. © 2022