Summer 2013 Pull Together by Naval Historical Foundation

Preservation, Education, and Commemoration Summer 2013

Vol. 52, No. 2

PULL TOGETHER Newsletter of the Naval Historical Foundation

When Fleet Admirals Ran the Foundation Part I: page 7

Also in the issue: Annual Report of the Naval Historical Foundation, pp. 2–6; Dudley W. Knox Award, p. 12; The Other Dudley Knox, pp. 14–15; George Little and Edward Preble, pp. 16–18; Navy Museum News, pp. 19–22; Naval History News, pp. 23–26; News from the NHF, pp. 27–37; Holloway Society—Thank You Members, pp. 38–39

NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT On behalf of the Naval Historical Foundation’s (NHF) Board of Directors and staﬀ, I want to thank all of you who supported the Foundation in 2012. We are dependent upon and deeply appreciate our member and nonmember contributors, who sustain our mission to preserve and honor the legacy of those who came before us as well as educate and inspire the generations who will follow. I would also acknowledge the important role played by our Advisory Council. Their experience, advice and support help us keep the Foundation focused on the future, as well as the Navy’s past. In particular, based upon their advice and financial support, the NHF hired a full-time Director of Development, Ms. Leslie Cook, who joined us in September. 2012 was the 86th anniversary of the Foundation. Under the leadership of our Chairman of the Board of Directors, Admiral DeMars, we continue to both support our long term commitment to the history and heritage of the Navy, and look for new opportunities to increase our eﬀectiveness and scope of activity. During my inaugural year as President, the NHF continued its success in working with partners with like-minded objectives. For

active duty Sailors with historical questions, providing recognition for outstanding scholarship, and acquiring artifacts, papers, art and manuscripts for the Navy’s various historical repositories.

example, the NHF partnered with the Naval Submarine League to co-host its annual submarine history seminar at the National Defense University in April, and the Surface Navy Association joined us at a ribbon-cutting ceremony for “Into the Lion’s Den”—a Vietnam War naval gunfire exhibit in the Cold War Gallery at our June annual meeting. Support from a large number of individuals and corporate donors, led by two of the nation’s largest corporations—General Dynamics and Northrop Grumman—enabled us to move forward with this Cold War Gallery initiative. The Navy itself remains one of our most important areas of support. The NHF supports the Navy’s historical needs in a myriad of ways, assisting numerous veterans and

Related to our continuing eﬀorts to enhance exhibits in the Cold War Gallery, thanks to a recommendation from board member Dr. Barbara Pilling, the NHF for a second year hosted Teacher Fellows to work in the Gallery to develop lessons plans for our www. usnavymuseum.org website that is underwritten by the Tawani Foundation. The program, conducted during July and August, brought ten high school Science, Technology, Engineering, Math and History (STEM-H) teachers to the museum for two productive two-week sessions that included tours of Navy submarines, destroyers, and aircraft based in Norfolk. As President of NHF, I look forward to hearing from you and getting your feedback as we move ahead. Sincerely,

John T. T Mitchell President

The Naval Historical Foundation mission is to preserve and honor the legacy of those who came before us. We know that passing this legacy on will serve to educate and inspire the generations who will follow. We raise funds and supervise the construction of cutting edge museum exhibits. We encourage students and teachers with educational programs, prizes, and fellowships. We work to ensure that America’s great naval history is proudly interpreted and honored. Cover: Portrait of Admiral Ernest J. King completed during World War II by McClelland Barclay. 2

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ANNUAL REPORT

ADVOCACY FOR NAVAL HISTORY

FOUNDATION FACTOIDS! Barnes & Noble has committed to purchase 22,500 copies of an updated NHF THE NAVY coﬀee table book for 2013. This will increase the number of copies in print to approximately 350,000!

Washington Navy Yard: Home of the NHF, NHHC and the National Museum of the U.S. Navy

he Naval Historical Foundation provided $886,888.00 in 2012 to support Navy, Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC), and National Museum of the United States Navy history and heritage programs. Examples of support include assistance to the U.S. Naval Academy to update battle/campaign names along interior facings of Navy- Marine Corps Memorial Stadium; staffing contributions for the NHHC Professional Development Workshop; donations of numerous books, photographs, oral histories, and other artifacts to the Navy Department Library and NHHC curator; and funding of Navy Museum programs through proceeds generated by the NHF-operated Navy Museum Store.

In 2012, NHF personnel responded to hundreds of active Navy, veteran, media, and general public requests for photographs, cruisebook reproductions, information, speakers, and other services as specified in the 1996 agreement between NHF and the Navy. NHF members reviewed 76 books in 2012 for the NAVAL HISTORY BOOK REVIEW e-letter program. In 2012, NHF launched a new online Navy Museum Store site. NHF members are entitled to a ten percent discount! Over 100 naval historians have submitted their profiles for the NHF “Directory of Naval Historians” database.

The cruiser Olympia has been oﬀered for transfer by the Independence Seaport Museum.

aval Historical Foundation continues as an active associate member of the Naval Historic Ship Association and recognizes the historic fleet as a vital partner in celebrating the Navy’s heritage. The NHF followed, with concern, the plight of battleship Texas and cruiser Olympia, nominating the latter ship to be placed on the National Trust for Historic Places most endangered list. In the past these ships have served as venues for member events and we intend to continue that tradition in 2013. Pull Together • Summer 2013

Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell was a natural choice for NHF president with his infamous birthday: 7 December 1941!

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ANNUAL REPORT Preserve and Honor: Remembering the legacy of those who came before us Working closely with the U.S. Navy, the NHF ensures that naval history remains in the forefront of American thought. Of utmost importance is the Navy’s flagship museum, the National Museum of the United States Navy, located in Washington, D.C. The NHF raises funds and supervises the construction of major new exhibits for the Museum, such as the Cold War Gallery, a facility dedicated to remembering the service and sacrifice of our Cold War veterans. We sponsor educational programs and lectures at the Navy Museum. We assist the Navy through the acquisition of important historical artifacts. We sponsor commemorative events celebrating the Navy Birthday, and the Battle of Midway. And we get the word out to those who can’t come in person to the Museum, through online museum tours, educational online lesson plans, and regular blog and social media updates. We work to ensure that America’s great naval history is proudly remembered and communicated.

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hroughout 2012, the NHF jointly sponsored or solohosted numerous events to honor the legacy of those who served before us beginning with the War of 1812 Commemoration Kickoff held in the Great Hall of

In early June NHF again worked with a consortium of partners to host the annual Midway Commemoration Dinner that featured remarks by both CNO Admiral Jonathan W. Greenert and noted historian Craig Symonds.

Capital Region Navy Birthday Celebration with the theme “Keeping the Seas Free for Over 200 Years.” Also in October, the NHF partnered with the Association of Naval Aviation and Marine Corps

Admiral DeMars presents Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus with an NHF War of 1812 Bicentennial Commemoration Coin. Then-NHF president VADM Bob Dunn and Director Dr. Jack London flank Mabus.

Admiral Holloway, seen cutting the ribbon, was embarked in USS Newport News (CA 148) as Commander 7th Fleet during the battle in Haiphong Harbor.

William Walters (center) born three weeks after his father’s death, receives what are likely his father’s Wings of Gold from Maj. J.P. O’Dell III and Maggie O’Dell. The O’Dell family kept the wings safe for nearly 70 years until the Walters family could be located..

the Library of Congress in March. In April the NHF joined with the Naval Submarine League at the National War College for the 11th annual Submarine History Seminar featuring the topic “Outlaw Shark” and the beginning of over the horizon targeting for missiles launched from submerged submarines. 4

Later in June, the annual meeting featured the opening of the Vietnam War naval gunfire exhibit “Into The Lion’s Den” with Admiral James L. Holloway III providing the David T. Leighton talk about the August 1972 battle. During October the NHF again partnered with the National Capital Council of the Navy League to co-host the National

Aviation Association at the National Marine Corps Museum for a solemn ceremony to unite a set of naval aviator wings found at a World War II crash site in southwest Virginia with the family of one of the deceased pilots.

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ANNUAL REPORT Educate and Inspire: Passing the legacy on to the generations who will follow The NHF knows that it is crucial to pass on what we have learned to the next generation of Americans. We start by cultivating our nation’s youth through the Capt. Ken Coskey National History Day Prize, which recognizes the best naval and maritime scholarship from middle and high school students. We nurture historical thought at the USNA and NROTC units through the Capt. Edward Beach and VAdm. Robert F. Dunn Prizes, given to midshipmen who demonstrate exceptional naval history scholarship. We’ve created a dynamic medium for conversation on the latest naval history publications, through our Naval History Book Reviews program. We’ve helped our nation’s teachers learn about the history of the U.S. Navy and its cutting edge technology, through our STEM-H Teacher Fellowship Program. We’ve developed a database of experts through our Directory of Naval Historians, which allows us to connect researchers to each other – and to the public—in order to foster ongoing dialogue about important topics in naval history. And we’re proud to announce the new Commodore Dudley Knox Prize for Lifetime Achievement in the field of Naval History. All of these programs encourage and inspire those who will bring our United States Navy’s heritage forward to the future.

he NHF continued initiatives begun in 2011 to highlight the inherent technology on display in the Navy Museum’s Cold War Gallery with Science Technology Engineering Math and History (STEM-H) les-

navymusuem.org website. The intent for 2013 will be to export this program to the Navy’s Submarine Museum and Library at Groton, Connecticut. Hallie Whitmore, Challis Debenham and Mia Keyser of

their support of the Naval History Book Review program. NHF’s presence in social media expanded to include a Tumblr micro-blog, which was selected for Tumblr’s History Spotlight, and now reaches over 40,000

Janis Cunningham (Berkeley County Schools, SC); Cynthia Woolston (Brunswick R-II; Brunswick, MO); Benjamin J. Barris (A.C. Jones HS, Beeville, TX); and John Clark (Deltona HS, Deland, FL pose in the Cold War Gallery Submarine exhibit. Other 2012 Teacher Fellows included Donald G. Belle (Gwynn Park HS, Waldorf, MD); Bill Sanford (Nansemond-Suﬀolk Academy, Norfolk, VA)); J. Paul Parker (McCants MS, Townville, SC), and Danielle Thomas (Chesnee MS: Chesnee SC).

NHF Digital Historian presents the Coskey Prize at the June National History Day event at the University of Maryland.

Educator, Undersea Explorer, and NHF Advisory Council member Dr. Robert Ballard flanked by Admirals DeMars and Dunn after being briefed about NHF educational outreach eﬀorts in April 2012.

son plans and materials that were developed and designed by eight High and Middle School Teacher Fellows to meet state-level standards of learning. All of the lesson plans developed have been uploaded to the NHF’s www.usPull Together • Summer 2013

Romig Middle School, Anchorage, earned the Capt. Ken Coskey National History Day Prize for naval history for producing a 10 minute documentary entitled “The Trials of Truth: The Amistad Revolution.” Midshipman Zach Schwartz received the Capt. Edward J. Beach Jr. Naval History Prize for his academic accomplishments at the U.S. Naval Academy. Charles Bogart and Capt. Roger Jones shared the NHF Volunteer of the Year award for

followers daily. NHF Facebook, Twitter, and Flickr sites have also increasing viewership. During 2012 the NHF announced plans to present a Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn Award for Naval History for NROTC midshipmen and initiated a lifetime achievement award to honor Commodore Dudley Knox, which is to be presented at the Fall 2013 McMullen History Symposium at the U.S. Naval Academy. 5

ANNUAL REPORT

Naval Historical Foundation SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION 31 December 2012______________________________________ ASSETS Cash and investments $1,852,181 Accounts Receivable $319,195 Other Assets $180,561 TOTAL ASSETS $2,351,937 LIABILITIES Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses $16,523 Deferred Revenue $40,146 TOTAL LIABILITIES $56,669 INCOME Donor Contributions $471,415 Interest and Investment Income $154,133 Other Income $51,185 TOTAL INCOME $676,733 EXPENSES Program Expenses $1,155,293 Fundraising $76,713 General and Administration $116,435 TOTAL EXPENSES $1,348,441 NET ASSETS Unrestricted $1,659,749 Temporarily Restricted $635,519

FOUNDATION STAFF Executive Director: Capt. Charles T. Creekman; Programs Director: Dr. David F. Winkler Director of Development: Ms. Leslie Cook Education Outreach Coordinator: Captain John Paulson Office Manager: Mr. Michael Drumm Digital Historian: Mr. David Colamaria Bookkeeper: Ms. Charo Stewart Museum Store Manager: YNC Frank Arre Lead Store Clerk: Ms. Tiffany Gwynn.

2012 FOUNDATION BOARD MEMBERS Chairman: Adm. Bruce DeMars* President: RAdm. John T. Mitchell VPres.: RAdm. William J. Holland Treasurer: RAdm. Howard W. Dawson, Jr. SC Secretary: RAdm. Mack C. Gaston Other Directors Mr. Martin J. Bollinger Capt. David S. Cooper Dr. William S. Dudley VAdm. Robert F. Dunn RAdm. Richard C. Gentz Capt. Andrew C. A. Jampoler Dr. Jack P. London RAdm. Larry R. Marsh Amb. J. William Middendorf II Capt. James A. Noone Dr. Barbara Pilling Dr. David A. Rosenberg VAdm. William H. Rowden Virginia S. Wood x

All naval officers on the board are retired

NHF Advisory Council Mr. Daniel F. Akerson Dr. Robert D. Ballard Mr. Robert Bellas Mr. Martin J. Bollinger The Honorable Charles A. Bowsher Mr. Bran Ferren The Honorable Thomas F. Hall Mr. Corbin McNeill Mr. Robert P. Moltz Ms. Phebe N. Novakovic Mr. Mandell J. Ourisman Mr. Michael Petters Mr. Thomas V. Schievelbein Dr. David Stanford Mr. Michael J. Wallace

1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC, 20374 (202) 678Ͳ4333 www.navyhistory.org 6

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Fleet Admirals in Command Part I: When King Was President By David F. Winkler

n Walter Borneman’s The Admirals, the author argues that for the U.S. Navy’s Fleet Admirals, 2 September 1945 “was the apex of their careers.” For Fleet Admirals William Leahy, Ernest King, Chester Nimitz, and William Halsey, who would pin on his fifth star in December 1945, the surrender of the Japanese Empire on the forward deck of USS Missouri represented the ultimate culmination of their more than 40 years of service. At the conclusion of his study, Borneman cites an observation from Vice Adm. Roland N. Smoot who opined: “Four more different men never lived and they all got to be five-star admirals, and why?” Smoot concluded the ability of each of these

men to lead proved to be the common denominator. However, another common denominator was each man’s appreciation of naval history. Halsey immediately went to work on his memoirs, which initially appeared as an eight-part installment in the Saturday Evening Post and would reemerge in book form as Admiral Halsey’s Story. Halsey would also campaign to preserve Enterprise (CV 6) as a museum ship. Following his retirement on 15 December 1945, King began documenting his accounts of the various conferences for which he served as a member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. Working with Walter Muir Whitehill, King eventually published Fleet Admiral King: A Naval

Record in 1952. Nimitz, who succeeded King as Chief of Naval Operations for a two-year tour, would not publish a personal account of his career, although he did write several articles and collaborated with E.B. Potter on the book Sea Power. Like Halsey, Nimitz also worked to preserve a historic ship and supported the preservation of the Japanese battleship Mikasa, in appreciation of the naval heritage of a former enemy. Leahy, who served as President Roosevelt’s Chief of Staff, continued on active duty the longest (although technically all four fleet admirals stayed on active duty status for pay purposes, thanks to Congressional legislation passed in

“Main Navy,” located astride the Mall at the site of the current Vietnam Memorial, served as headquarters for the Navy Department and the NHF. Pull Together • Summer 2013

April 1946), serving as President Truman’s Chief of Staff through the end of Truman’s completion of Roosevelt’s fourth term. Leahy would publish his memoir I Was There in 1950, telling mostly about his observations as a close adviser to FDR. Besides having an appreciation for their personally significant roles in naval history, the four men had an interest in supporting and promoting naval history and heritage in general and the NHF provided a vehicle to aid in their efforts. King and Leahy would serve as presidents, and Nimitz and Halsey would serve as vice presidents. Within a year of his retirement from active duty, on 22 November 1946, King was unanimously elected president for a term of three years during the 20th year of the organization’s existence. Over the next three years under King’s leadership, the NHF would pursue an ambitious agenda to grow, raise funds, and take on new challenges. Unfortunately, during the tenure of King’s predecessor, Adm. Joseph Strauss, the NHF lost one of its strongest advocates with the passing of President Roosevelt. The NHF had been working with the president in pursuit of a National Navy Museum that was proposed for a site along the Potomac River (the present-day Kennedy Center) alongside a tidal basin that would host such historic ships as Constellation, Hartford, Olympia, and a World War I destroyer. Dudley W. Knox, who was multi-hatted as Officer in Charge, Office of Naval Records and Library, Curator for the Navy Department, Deputy Director of Naval History, and Secretary of the NHF, served as FDR’s point man on the project. Responding to Knox’s vision of appointing Navy Bureau Chiefs as trustees for the new venture, the president observed: “Navy people are notorious for not knowing what appeals to civilians” and summoned Knox, “…as I have worked on this matter personally for the last ten years.” With the death of the U.S. president and the failing health of Admiral Strauss, 8

Admiral Strauss the NHF’s 1945 one-page minutes of the annual meeting of members reflected a lethargic organization that focused on selling reprints of historic naval documents: The secretary proudly reported that “The Facsimile of the 1775 Navy Regulations that we printed in 1943 has been completely sold out, at a net profit of about $80.” The governing body of 11 trustees included Strauss as president, Cdr. Samuel E. Morison as vice president, Capt. Frank Pinney as treasurer, Cdr. M.V. Brewington as curator, and Capt. Dudley W. Knox as secretary. It should be noted that while there were no salaried members, Pinney, Brewington, and Knox, while earning Navy paychecks, oversaw the day-to-day operations of the NHF, ensuring that correspondence was quickly handled and donations of money, artifacts, and papers were processed. A small cadre of volunteers rotated through the NHF office located within the “Main Navy” Department building along the Mall to type up correspondence. Because of limited space at Main Navy, the NHF maintained warehouse space to store its collections at Fort Washington, located south of the city on the Maryland side of the Potomac. Notable names on the NHF board in this period included artist

Charles Bittinger, who had designed ship camouflage patterns and would witness and illustrate atomic bomb detonations at Bikini Atoll; Pulitzer prize-winning author Charles Warren; and former Navy Secretary Charles Francis Adams III. Because the NHF offered membership to selected prospects with no dues-paying obligation, the organization’s assets stood only at $20,000 as a result of small donations made by members, some bequests, and small profits from the sale of posters and pamphlets. Not much could be discerned from the minutes of the 22 November 1946 meeting that activity was about to pick up. Besides the election of Fleet Admiral King to the presidency, the by-laws were amended to add a second vice president and recently promoted Commo. Dudley W. Knox joined with now Captain Morison as NHF vice presidents. However, the NHF correspondence files show that King had established ambitious initial goals, calling for $150,000 to be raised for an endowment fund to sustain NHF operations and for an additional $50,000 to be raised to take on special projects such as preserving the Revolutionary War galley Philadelphia. King had strong support from his CNO successor Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz. On the same day in late December 1946 that King sent out the circular calling for a $200,000 fund-raising campaign, Nimitz wrote to the U.S. Naval Institute for support in the form of a loan to enable the NHF to publish Adm. George Dewey’s unpublished account of operations in the Asiatic Fleet in 1898 and 1899. Since Nimitz also served at the time as president of the U.S. Naval Institute, in effect he was writing to himself! By the spring of 1947, King had increased the target goal to $400,000 and was signing out dozens of letters to corporate leaders across the nation. The impact of King’s arrival was truly apparent in the 21 November 1947 annual meeting minutes. Noting it was the 150th anniversary of the launching of Constitution and Constellation (this would Pull Together • Summer 2013

Marion V. Brewington As the Naval Historical Foundation celebrated its 20th anniversary on 13 March 1946, there was a sense of accomplishment. Over the previous two decades the NHF had acquired thousands of paintings and prints, laying claim to it holding the second largest collection of marine art on the planet. For example, the 1,500 naval prints donated by Mrs. E.V. Eberstadt contained works from every important engraver in Europe from 1500 to 1800. Over 2,500 naval/maritime history books had been obtained by the NHF, including several of historic note such as an 1805 edition of Lloyd’s Register. The manuscript collection filled 24 four-drawer file cabinets, and the NHF’s log book collection was second only to that at the National Archives. The NHF also had acquired an impressive collection of ship models and other naval artifacts with the anticipation that President Roosevelt’s vision for a National Naval History Museum along the Potomac River would come to fruition. In the meantime, parts of the NHF collection had been made available for public display at the Smithsonian Institution and the Naval Academy Museum. A key cog in the NHF wheel was its curator, Cdr. Marion V. Brewington. Brewington was virtually a legend in his own time for having made a vocation out of his avocation: maritime collecting and curating. He was an expert on maritime artifacts, particularly of Chesapeake Bay, and

later be proven incorrect in the case of Constellation, which was actually a 1850s era sloop of war), the NHF passed a resolution that urged repair of Constellation with an aim of moving it to the site of a new Navy Museum in Washington where she would be moored in the vicinity of Hartford, Olympia, and suitable vessels of World Wars I and II. The 1947 minutes identified five mission areas that the NHF would engage in: I. Salvage historical source material. II. Publication of important sea and sea-air action historical source material. III. The furthering of historical exhibits carrying a patriotic message of brave actions, and of the imporPull Together • Summer 2013

became a well-established author on maritime subjects. Born in Salisbury, Md., on the Eastern Shore in 1902, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and made a career in banking and investment before World War II. During the war he served in the U.S. Navy, rising to the rank of commander. As with Dudley Knox, Brewington was serving on active duty during World War II working as a curator at the Office of Naval Records and Library when Knox was in charge. Back in civilian life, his love of the maritime world took over. He served as acting curator of the Navy, and then he became maritime curator of the Maryland Historical Society from 1954 to 1956. He also served as a trustee of the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum. Shifting to New England, he served as assistant director and curator of maritime history at the Peabody Museum (now PeabodyEssex Museum) in Salem, Mass., from 1956 to 1966. His last active years were spent as director of the Kendall Whaling Museum in Sharon, Mass. With the assistance of his wife Elizabeth, he authored many articles and books, such as Chesapeake Bay: A Pictorial History, Ship Carvers of North America and Chesapeake Bay Log Canoes and Bugeyes. NHF thanks Dr. William S. Dudley for contributing to this piece.

tance of the sea in the history of our country. IV. To aid in the realization of the project to establish a Naval Museum in Washington, D.C. commensurate with the importance of the Navy in the history of the United States. V. The furthering of such special projects as the re-conditioning of the USS Constellation; the acquisition of the William Paul house and lot in Fredericksburg, Virginia; and the salvage of such craft as a vessel of Arnold’s Fleet, Lake Champlain, 1776–77, and a ship of MacDonough’s Squadron, Lake Champlain, 1814, etc. To support the NHF’s fund-raising

efforts for the five mission areas, King moved to enlarge the Foundation’s leadership. The by-laws were amended to expand the number of trustees from 12 to 19 with the provision that seven of those trustees would have the title of vice president. Joining Morison and Knox as NHF vice presidents were the Chief of Naval Operations, Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz; Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. Alexander A. Vandegrift; Fleet Adm. William F. Halsey, who had taken a position with the University of Virginia; Capt. John B. Heffernan, who hosted Morison on several occasions during the war in the Pacific and recently had been appointed as the third Director of Naval History—a post he would hold until 1956; and noted Princeton historian 9

Trustees agreed to impose a “voluntary” made an additional $10,000 contribution Robert G. Albion. From 1943 to 1950, dues structure on the membership. Two in March 1948. Albion would serve as Assistant Director classes of membership were established: One of the reasons for the increasof Naval History and Historian of Naval 1) Sustaining Members, who opted to doing funding support from organizations Administration for the Department of nate $10 per year or make a single consuch as the U.S. Naval Institute, indithe Navy. tribution of $200 to be a Life Sustaining viduals, and corporations was that the Among the new recruits to the Member and 2) Fellowship Members, objectives of the NHF had become more Board of Trustees were former Virginia who gave $50 annually or opted to give focused in the aftermath of the 1947 anGovernor and then current University of a one-time contribution of $1,000 to be a nual meeting. On 27 May 1948, King Virginia President Colgate Darden Jr.; Life Fellowship Member. Eventually an signed an agreement with Mrs. Truxtun noted businessman and former UnderActive Annual Membership of $5 a year Beale for the NHF to lease part of buildsecretary of the Navy Artemus L. Gates; was offered in the Bureau of Personnel’s ings associated with her home at Jackand philanthropist and then current Asnewsletter The Reservist to thousands of son Place near the White House that had sistant Secretary of the Navy for Air members of the naval reserve; numerous been originally constructed by Stephen John Nicholas Brown II. Of note, Brown requests for membership were received. Decatur. The Trustees agreed that the eswas commissioned in the Army during (For comparison, inflation calculators tablishment of a museum in this facility, World War II and served as special culshow that $5 in 1948 is equivalent to just known as Decatur House, would be the tural advisor for monuments, fine arts, over $47 in 2012 dollars.) top priority. and archives, and supervised the return Realizing that membership dues Given the projected long-term exof art treasures stolen by the Nazis to could be relied upon for only a percentpenses associated with converting and their rightful owners. age of the needed funds for the new maintaining the museum space, the Unfortunately, King would not be Truxtun–Decatur Museum, the present at the 1947 meeting to NHF formed a fund-raising comaddress his new team. A debilitatmittee led by Marine Colonel ing stroke sent him to Bethesda David Barry, who had extensive Naval Hospital earlier that year. experience fund-raising in the Despite King’s absence, the civilian sector. Under Barry’s fund-raising effort was well unleadership, a committee of rear der way. One initiative suggested admirals drafted letters, identiby the Chief of Naval Operations fied potential contributors, and Fleet Admiral Nimitz was for contacted corporate leaders to King to write to all of the Naval solicit contributions to the NHF’s District Commandants to seek new endeavor. To support Barry, out influential residents of their a rebounding King expended districts to form fund-raising much time in “signing uncountcommittees to support the NHF. able letters, invitations, and While some Commandants had memoranda.” ethical concerns about using Newport News and Drydock their position to exert support for Company, the General Electric the NHF, Rear Admirals Monroe Company, Standard Oil of New Kelly, J. Carey Jones, and M.L. Jersey, Electric Boat Company, Deyo, responsible for districts New York Shipbuilding Compacovering New York, Chicago, ny, and Sylvania Electric Prodand Boston, were very supportucts Company were among the ive, hosting luncheons, writing first corporations to provide the letters, and arranging for speakNHF with generous contribuing opportunities for NHF oftions. As a result, at the 26 Noficers to address various groups vember 1948 annual meeting, such as the Naval Order of the the NHF reported $70,458.83 in United States. assets. The U.S. Naval Institute, With King presiding at the which had provided the NHF The NHF would operate a museum in the carriage November 1948 annual meet$1,000 in seed money in 1926, house of the Decatur House until 1980. 10

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ing, the NHF did not sit on its laurels. The membership approved the increase of the number of trustees from 19 to 35. Some of the notable new additions included the President’s Chief of Staff, Fleet Adm. William D. Leahy; Secretary of the Navy John L. Sullivan; Under Secretary of the Navy W. John Kenney; Assistant Secretary of the Navy Mark. E. Andrews; Commandant of the Coast Guard Adm. Joseph F. Farley; Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Louis E. Denfeld; and Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. Clifton B. Cates. Members were briefed about how the Bureau of Yards and Docks conducted close structural assessments of the proposed facility and drafted sketches for the proposed conversion The new bride of Assistant Secretary of the Navy Mark Andrews, “recognized by many as the distinguished architect Lavone Dickensheets,” offered her services and practical help. In what proved to be the final year of King’s tenure as president, the focus of the NHF shifted from fund-raising to membership building. Lt. Cdr. Edward M. Davis, the prospective director of the Truxtun–Decatur Museum, worked closely with Mrs. Dickensheets, Andrews, and representatives of the Bureau of Yards and Docks to award contracts for the needed conversion work. Laurence Harrison of the Metropolitan Museum in New York assisted in laying out the lighting. Unfortunately events, such as a national steel strike, caused weeks of delays. In addition, on 15 February 1949, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Andrews stepped down to move back to Houston with his architect wife. Thus the project was managed long distance. There were other distractions such as the decision in the spring of 1949 to cancel construction of the aircraft carrier United States and the subsequent “Revolt of the Admirals.” NHF Vice President John L. Sullivan and eventually Admiral Denfeld would be forced to resign from their day jobs. After hearing of the death of former Navy Secretary James Forrestal in late May, Lavone Dickensheets Pull Together • Summer 2013

Andrews wrote Lt. Commander Davis: “I don’t know when anything has distressed us more.” Writing to King on 30 June 1949 from the United Nations compound at Lake Success on Long Island, NHF Vice President Nimitz wrote: I hope this letter finds you in good health and in good spirits. I do not envy you your residence in Washington during these controversial times. I, for one, am glad to be away from that trouble spot and I intend to stay away for as long as I can. Ironically, Nimitz was at Lake Success, N.Y., awaiting a planned trip to travel to the Kashmir as a U.N. envoy to oversee a plebiscite to determine the future of that territory. While he awaited a plebiscite that would never occur, he actively recruited for the NHF and identified potential support groups. Nimitz’s two-page letter provided a summary of his efforts. As spaces were transformed at the Truxtun–Decatur House, the NHF was proactive in other ways. To facilitate decision making between board meetings, the NHF by-laws were amended to establish an executive committee and John Nicolas Brown II served as the first chair. At the April 1948 executive committee meeting, agreement was reached to acquire the services of retired Lt. Cdr. John Gallagher to serve as the NHF’s first office manager to help handle the voluminous amount of correspondence generated to support a growing membership. In August 1949, the NHF reached an agreement with the Library of Congress to have that entity take on and preserve the NHF’s growing manuscript collections. The loan agreement ensured that the papers of many of the U.S. Navy’s senior officers from the 19th and early 20th centuries would have climate-controlled archival storage, proper cataloging, and accessibility to scholars. Shortly afterward, two truckloads of documents made their way from the

NHF warehouse at Fort Washington to Capitol Hill. Nearly five decades later, NHF president Adm. James L. Holloway III would permanently cede what New York Times correspondent Hanson Baldwin once described as “the motherlode of naval history” to the Library of Congress, and the strong relationship between the Library of Congress and the NHF continues to the present, with new acquisitions being donated every year. The museum would finally open to the public on 18 May 1950 after the NHF expended $50,357.72 to underwrite the conversion. A members’ night and special preview of an initial exhibit entitled “Commodores Truxtun and Decatur and the Navy of Their Times (1775–1815)” was well-attended and both the New York Times and San Francisco Chronicle lauded the NHF effort. Coinciding with the opening of the new museum, the NHF began a lecture series. The initial talk given by NHF Vice President Captain Morison was on the “Battle of Midway.” Sadly, Fleet Admiral King was not on hand to attend these events. Additional strokes continued to cripple his ability to be an active president of the NHF. His mind remained sharp, however, and at the 18 November 1949 annual meeting of the NHF, after he called the meeting to order, he asked the NHF Secretary Capt. A. D. Trumball to read his letter that declined renomination and praised the efforts of all of those who served the NHF during his tenure. With that, King turned the meeting over to Knox who announced that the trustees had elected Fleet Adm. William D. Leahy as the new president. Leahy then took charge of the meeting as the fifth president of the NHF―a post he would hold until his passing in 1959. His tenure as a fleet admiral in command of the Naval Historical Foundation will be covered in a future edition of Pull Together.

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Bradford, Still, and Lundeberg to Receive Inaugural Knox Honor

In the minutes of the 1948 annual meeting that detailed the efforts made in the previous year to raise funds for the NHF, the secretary wrote: No member of the Foundation, new or old, will need to be told that what has lighted and guided the campaign by all those named has been the flaming spirit of the Foundation’s original friend and sponsor, Commodore Dudley W. Knox. Surely none among us can be more fully entitled to the achievement of that purpose than he who has devoted so much time, thought, and strength to the establishment of a place where the Foundation’s treasures can be exhibited. Sixty-five years later, the Navy and the NHF are still indebted to the work Knox accomplished. Thus the NHF is pleased to establish the Commodore Dudley W. Knox Award, recognizing an individual for a lifetime body of work in the field of U.S. naval history. For the inaugural year of the award three distinguished individuals have been selected from a list of most worthy candidates nominated by members of the NHF. Drs. James C. Bradford, William N. Still Jr., and Phillip K. Lundeberg will be honored at an awards luncheon held on Thursday 19 September 2013 in conjunction with the U.S. Naval Academy McMullen History Symposium.

ames C. Bradford of Texas A & M University recently served as the Class of 1957 Distinguished Professor at U.S. Naval Academy. He is widely recognized for his writings on the U.S. Navy during the age of sail. Born in 1945, Bradford grew up in Michigan and earned his bachelors and masters degrees at Michigan State University. Studying at the University of Virginia, Bradford earned his doctorate at the University of Virginia in 1976 with a thesis on Society and Government in Loudoun County, Virginia 1790-1800. Before completing his doctorate, Bradford began his academic career by working as a Research Assistant at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial 12

Foundation where he assisted in editing Thomas Jefferson’s account books. In 1973, he was appointed assistant professor in history at the Naval Academy and remained there until 1981 when Texas A&M University appointed him to its history faculty. Bradford has also taught at the University of Maryland in 1974-1981; MARA Institute of Technology/Texas International Education Consortium in Malaysia in 1987-1988, the Air War College in 1997-1998, and the University of Alabama in 1996-1997. He served as executive director of the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic; president of the North American

Society for Oceanic History (NASOH); book review editor of the Journal of the Early Republic; series editor for the Naval Institute Press’s “Library of Naval Biography” and series co-editor of “New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archeology” with the University Press of Florida. He is the editor of The Papers of John Paul Jones. His most recent publications include the Atlas of American Military History (2003), the International Encyclopedia of Military History (2006), and A Companion to American Military History (2010). Bradford’s previously has been recognized with the Texas A&M Bush Excellence Award for Faculty Pull Together • Summer 2013

in International Teaching, (2007); Texas A&M College of Liberal Arts, Teaching Excellence Award, (1985, 2004); Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, Meritorious Service Award, (1996); the NASOH, K. Jack Bauer Award for contributions to the field of maritime history, (1990 and 2007.) illiam N. Still, Jr., professor emeritus from East Carolina University, was the founder of ECU’s maritime history program and has written a number of very important works on American naval history focusing on the Civil War and on the U.S. Navy on the European station. Born in Mississippi in 1932, Still earned his undergraduate degree at Mississippi College before serving a tour in the Navy. Returning to academia, Still attended the University of Alabama, first earning his Masters degree in 1958 with a thesis on The history of the CSS Arkansas and his Ph.D. in 1964 with a dissertation on The construction and fitting out of ironclad vessels-of-war within the Confederacy. His teaching career began at the Mississippi University for Women in 1959, first as an instructor and later an assistant professor of history. In 1968, Still came to East Carolina University as an associate professor of history and later full professor. In 1982, he became the founding director of ECU’s maritime history and underwater archaeology program. In 1989-90, Still filled the Secretary of the Navy Research Chair in Naval History at the Naval Historical Center. Moving in 1994 to a retirement residence in Kailua, Hawaii, he earned appointment as an adjunct researcher at the University of Hawaii. Recognized as a leading scholar on Confederate naval matters, Still also extensively wrote about U.S. naval operations in European waters in the later 19th century leading into World War I. His most recent book, Crisis at Sea, the United States Navy in European waters in World War

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I was awarded the Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt Prize in Naval History for 2007. Still once led NASOH as president and earned that organization’s K. Jack Bauer Award. He served on the advisory council of the Society of Civil War Historians; the editorial advisory board of The American Neptune as well as Civil War Times Illustrated. He also was appointed to the Secretary of the Navy’s Advisory Subcommittee on Naval History. hillip K. Lundeberg is curator emeritus from the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History. Born in Minnesota in 1923, Lundeberg graduated summa cum laude from Duke University early in 1944, earning his B.A. in history, and would return there after the war to earn his M.A. He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard in 1954 with a dissertation entitled American Anti-Submarine Operations in the Atlantic, 1943-45, under the direction of Prof. Samuel E. Morison. His dissertation was a subject with which Lundeberg had firsthand experience. Commissioned at the USNR Midshipmen’s School at Columbia University, he wound up being the youngest of three officer survivors of USS Frederick C. Davis (DE 136), the last American warship sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II. During the 1950s, he taught history at St. Olaf College and the U.S. Naval Academy. In the same decade Lundeberg contributed to volume 10 of the History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The Atlantic Battle Won, May 1943 – May 1945, again for its lead author Samuel E. Morison. In 1959 he came to the Smithsonian as an associate curator in the Department of Armed Forces History. There Lundeberg developed naval exhibits for the National Museum’s new Hall of Armed Forces History, including that of the Continental Gondola Philadelphia. Working with Howard I. Chapelle, he directed the construction of three-

score scale models of American naval vessels for the chronological armed forces exhibit and special exhibitions. In 1981, Lundeberg organized the Smithsonian exhibition commemorating the Yorktown bicentennial, “By Sea and By Land: Victory with the Help of France.” He also prepared naval elements for exhibits elsewhere in the Institution, including “Centennial 1876;” “The Japan Expedition of Commodore Matthew C. Perry;” and following his retirement, “Magnificent Voyagers: The U.S. Exploring Expedition, 18381842,” which chronicled Charles Wilkes’s circumnavigation of the globe. Lundeberg served as vice president and president of the American Military Institute (1968-73) and of the United States Commission on Military History (1974-1981). A founding member of the latter organization, he directed conferences at the Smithsonian of the International Commission of Military History on the themes of “La Technique Militaire” (1975) and “Soldier Statesmen of the Age of the Enlightenment” (1982). He was elected organizing chairman of the International Congress of Maritime Museums at London in 1972, and served as Chairman of the Council of American Maritime Museums (1976-1978). In 1970 he edited the Bibliographie de l’Histoire des Grandes Routes Maritimes: Etats Unis d’Amerique for the International Commission of Maritime History. A founder of NASOH, he received that Society’s K. Jack Bauer Award in 1998 for Distinguished Service.

DDD Since expenses will be involved with the administration of this prize, the NHF seeks contributions to endow the award. If you are interested in supporting this effort, please contact the NHF Director of Development Leslie Cook at lcook@navyhistory.org.

The Other Dudley Knox By Wm. North Sturtevant

“Bangkok”—The Other Dudley Knox

hen I was a child, I would often sneak into my grandmother’s bedroom and look at the two silver-framed photos of my grandfather, Dudley Sargent Knox: one, dated December 6, 1941, showed a newly minted Navy lieutenant standing in his backyard in Georgetown, D.C., and the other showed a lieutenant commander on the flying bridge of Chatelain. My earliest memories of my grandfather “Bangkok” are of a loving father and husband, a doting grandfather, and lover of the outdoors. His “command” was a blue Buick station wagon with a rolldown rear window. This opening was used to deposit shotguns, rods and reels, grandsons, dogs, and any combination thereof into the back of the wagon. He was a man who loved to hunt, fish, and walk along the C&O Canal or Bethany Beach with the schizophrenic beast Holmes, a basset hound. Family lore was that both Bangkok and Holmes had been struck by lightning while walking the beach at some point, which resulted in the dog’s erratic behavior. Whenever 14

a thunderstorm struck, the 80-pound dog would wedge himself behind the one toilet at the beach house and threaten to attack anyone who came near. Many a convivial event was shortened by the dangerously compromised conditions at the Knox house during bad weather. The first time I went surf casting was with Bangkok, an event that followed his

rigorous instruction in both casting and untangling fishing line at the Reflecting Pool on the Mall in Washington. The actual fishing turned out to be much more enjoyable, since he seemed to prefer to cast for my brothers and me. Although I was only 9 when he died, I can still clearly recall his laugh, a joyous deep cackle that hinted at the cancer that took him so young. I know he loved life and his family and loved being a grandfather. Like many of his generation, he was an ordinary man who, for an intense and brief period, did extraordinary things. Bangkok came from a military background. His father and both grandfathers had distinguished careers in service to the United States. His path took a different course. At the time he joined the Navy, he was a newspaper reporter living in Washington, D.C., in a small townhouse in Georgetown with his wife Lalla and two daughters aged 2 and 6. The United States was on the brink of a national effort not seen before or since. Like many thousands of others, Bangkok committed to serve for the emergency

U-505 Pull Together • Summer 2013

plus six months. Words won’t do justice to the incredible unity and sacrifice of these men and those who stayed at home during the war. After my grandfather died, I saw for the first time the swastika-engraved Zeiss binoculars and the Iron Cross, which were both “gifts from the U-Boat captain.” In his papers was a transcript from a radio program, which described the capture of the U-505 as only radioland could (my mother’s recollection of the broadcast was that the voice of Capt. Knox wasn’t Daddy’s and was puzzled about the hoopla). Bangkok died before I had the chance to ask him about those artifacts and his service. Since that time, I have been able to piece together the story of the capture of the U-505 and my grandfather’s part in it. Had he lived longer, I am sure he would have shared his personal recollections with me. Sadly I am limited to the official records and posted recollections of several members of Task Group 22.3, which provide a compelling story of newly constructed ships, crewed by

he only child of Dudley Wright Knox and Lilly Sargent McCalla Knox, Dudley Sargent Knox was born in 1909 in Philadelphia and was raised primarily in Washington. In addition to having a father who was a naval officer, the younger Dudley had one grandfather, Bowman H. McCalla, who attained the rank of rear admiral while his father’s father, Thomas Taylor Knox, retired from serving his nation as an Army colonel. (McCalla’s other daughter married another naval officer who would achieve the rank of O-6: Arthur MacArthur. MacArthur had a brother who would achieve some notoriety in the Army.) Before joining the Navy in 1939, Knox was a journalist for the Washington Herald and lived in Georgetown, D.C., with his wife and two daughters.

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Dudley Sargent Knox well-trained and committed―yet mostly reserve―sailors. The coordination required in the sinking, much less capture, of a submarine is hard to imagine and easy to marvel at. In a very short time, the United States had built an incredible flotilla of ships and men,

most of whom would gladly return to their ordinary lives, quietly satisfied that they had accomplished something truly exceptional.

Prior to and during the first part of World War II, Knox served with the Office of Naval Intelligence as a Lieutenant (junior grade). Upon promotion to lieutenant, he became Executive Officer and later Commander of PC 566. He was promoted to lieutenant commander in July of 1943 and joined Chatelain (DE 149) in September as Executive Officer,

rising to command in 1944. As part of Task Group 22.3, a Hunter Killer Group, Chatelain identified and brought to the surface the U-505. Its capture was the first such event by the U.S. Navy on the high seas since the War of 1812. Knox received the Legion of Merit for his role in the capture. Task Group 22.3 received the Presidential Unit Citation. Knox was relieved in September 1945 and continued in the naval service with the Internal Revenue Board from October 1945 to April 1946 and as a JAG Officer from that time until December 1947, when he was released from active duty. He was promoted to commander in November 1945. Following his naval service, Knox was an attorney with the National Labor Relations Board. Knox died of cancer at the age of 59 in Washington, D.C.

USS Chatelain

Wm. North Sturtevant is the grandson of Dudley S. Knox.

HISTORIC DOCUMENTS GEORGE LITTLE AND EDWARD

PREBLE—AN ELUSIVE PAIRING

By Vice Adm. George W. Emery

ecently I came across orders for George Little to assume command of the Massachusetts State armed sloop Winthrop, take in all lines, and deploy from Boston to protect America’s coastal trade and take, sink, or destroy the vessels of the enemy. The date was 1782 and the Revolutionary War was winding down. The orders were penned by Massachusetts Governor John Hancock and signed “J.H.” . . . two folio pages in his own hand. I was intrigued. Generally I steer clear of Revolutionary War ephemera. The navies are too chaotic for my taste; local, militia, state, and continental navies abounded with little, if any, common command. Further, these navies were disbanded entirely once the treaty of Paris was signed. My personal focus is on the Federal Navy―the Navy created on 27 March 1794 when George Washington approved construction of the first six frigates of a new national sea service. But this document penned by Hancock was unusual. It bridged the gap between 1783 and 1794. George Little’s Revolutionary War career was dramatic. When the Quasi-War loomed, he was thrust into service in the new Federal Navy. And then, too, there was the Preble connection. Now this was right up my alley! The document described: Hancock, John, Governor of Massachusetts (1737–1793). Manuscript orders to George Little, commanding the Massachusetts State Navy’s sloop Winthrop. Autograph Letter Initialed “J.H.”, dated 8 July 1782 at Boston. With docketed integral address leaf. 12 ¼" x 7"; two pages penned on a single folded sheet. Hancock’s re16

tained copy of his manuscript operational orders to Captain George Little, then commanding the Massachusetts State sloop Winthrop. Some archival repairs and bleeding of the ink, but overall clean and legible.

When Hancock drafted these orders, the Revolutionary War was entering its final year, and although peace negotiations between the United States and Great Britain were being held in Paris, many Americans, including George Washington and John Hancock, were suspicious of the British government and kept their powder dry and their diminishing navies alert and active. In this letter, Hancock directs George Little to convoy and protect Massachusetts’ ships engaged in maritime trade and to engage any hostile ships threatening the coastline. Having Appointed & Commissioned you to the Command of the Arm'd Sloop Winthrop belonging to this CommonWealth & you having reported to me that the Sloop is

in every respect Ready for the Sea; you are hereby Order'd to Embrace the first favorable Weather and proceed with the Sloop under your Command to Sea upon a Cruise for the protection of the Sea Coast against the Enemies of these United States, whose Vessells if not Superior to you in Force you will use your best Endeavours to Take, Sink or Destroy, & should you be so fortunate as to Take any Prizes you will Send them into the Port of Boston, unless Circumstances should occur to you to make it more safe to Land them into any other Port. You will be particularly careful not to fall in the way of a Superior Force, but avoid as much as possible even the Hazard of being Captur'd, and should you find that there are Vessells of Superior Force to you in the Bay, & your Sloop will be in danger of being Taken, you are directed immediately to Return into the Port of Boston. You will Take under your Convoy any Vessells that are ready & bound to the Eastward, particularly the Schooner bound to Machias with provisions for the Garrison, also the Sloop Roxbury Cap’n Bosworth with Provisions for Kennebeck River, & a Vessell bound to Frenchman's Bay, those Vessells you are hereby order'd to Take under your Convoy & See them safe to the Several Destin'd ports, the Sloop for Kennebeck you need only see a small way up the River, as I do not conceive any risqué after she Enters the River, tho’ I leave it with you to determine your Conduct in the instance from the circumstances that you meet with. As Soon as you have Complied with your orders as to your Convoy Pull Together • Summer 2013

& have Discharg'd yourself from them; You will proceed to Cruise along the Eastern Shore, and such other parts as you shall Judge most conducive to answer the principal Object of your Cruise, the protection of the Sea Coast. You will be attentive to the Coasting Vessells from the Eastward & whenever a number of them are Loaded & Ready to Sail for Boston, & Application is made to you, you are hereby Directed to Take them under your Convoy & proceed with them to Boston, & bring your Vessell to Anchor in the Road below, & come up to Town in your Boat, that I may have notice of your Arrival & be made Acquainted with the Occurences of your Cruise.

If Circumstances Admit you may Continue your Cruize Four Weeks, at the Expiration of which time you will Return to Boston, if you are not sooner Call’d upon by the Eastern Trade to Convoy them up. You will embrace every opportunity to give me information of your proceedings, & of every material occurrence that takes place. I recommend the greatest Frugality & attention that the Provisions & Stores be not unnecessarily Expended or Lost. You will be careful that the Regulations of the Common Wealth with

respect to Arm’d Vessels be strictly adher’d to, & that good order & proper Discipline be preserv’d on board the Winthrop. I wish you an Agreeable & Successful Cruise, & am Your Friend & H…Serv’t. J.H. The foregoing I acknowledge to be a Copy of my orders Rec’d from the Governor of the Common Wealth of Massachusetts, which I Engage strictly to comply with. George Little Surprisingly, perhaps the best account of the subsequent exploits of the Winthrop and the Revolutionary War

Now on Sale at the Navy Museum Store: In Their Own Words In the first NHF publication in a decade, retired Vice Adm. George W. Emery tells a story of the Navy’s triumphs and defeats during what many scholars have called the “Second War for Independence.” Arranged to carry the reader chronologically from prewar preparations to postwar celebration by way of the words of contemporary pens and printing presses, these selected documents from Admiral Emery’s collection of early naval Americana bring the naval challenges, successes, and disappointments of the war at sea to life sans interpretational bias. According to historian Christopher McKee, “each reader will probably have a favorite item. ... Mine is Charles Morris’ letter of 19 June 1812 ... recounting Morris’ unsuccessful (fortunately for him) effort to avoid being ordered to Constitution as her first lieutenant. Whatever our favorite letter or pamphlet or broadside may be, we can all be enthusiastically grateful to Admiral Emery for sharing some of his treasures” ($29.95).

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success of George Little is to be found in Christopher McKee’s superb biography of one of Winthrop’s officers: Edward Preble: A Naval Biography. 1761–1807 (Annapolis, 1972). Much of what follows is summarized from McKee’s text. Winthrop’s first lieutenant was none other than Edward Preble, a junior officer who would gain fame commanding the U.S. Mediterranean squadron from the frigate Constitution during the Barbary War years of 1803 and 1804. Nearly a quarter century earlier it had been with his shipmate George Little that Preble was introduced to war at sea. Little and Preble first sailed together in the spring of 1780 on the initial cruise of the 26-gun Massachusetts Navy frigate Protector, John Foster Williams commanding. Williams sailed under John Hancock’s orders to protect American vessels sailing the Maine coast while periodically searching the sea lanes plied by British ships heading for Canada and the lower American states. Little was Williams’ first lieutenant, and Preble a brand-new acting midshipman. Protector enjoyed a successful first cruise that included sinking the 32-gun letter of marque ship Admiral Duff in a bloody battle on 26 May 1780. In May 1781 Protector’s luck ran out. She was captured by the British frigates Roebuck, 44, and Medea, 28, and her crew interred in the Jersey prison ship in New York. Preble was exchanged and Little escaped, neither realizing they were just beginning their careers together on the sea. In early 1782, with Protector now in the enemy’s hands, Massachusetts fitted out the 12-gun sloop Winthrop, appointing Little to command and Preble his first lieutenant. After a frustrating twoor three-day cruise in company with the Commonwealth ship Tartar, John Hancock penned the above orders sending the Winthrop to convoy coastal trade while hunting for British quarry along the Maine coast. When she returned to Boston nearly a month later she brought with her three prizes, the Defiance of 180 tons, the 90-ton brig Isabella, and priva-

teer sloop Swallow of Portsmouth, N.H., that had been taken by a mutinous crew of Loyalist sympathizers and was steering for the British settlement at Bagaduce [Castine]. After a second cruise during which Little, with the help of a boarding party led by Preble, cut out the 120-ton privateer brig Merriam moored directly under the guns of Fort George, Winthrop returned to Boston with four prizes on the 16th of September and the town celebrated. On 23 September the Boston Gazette printed: Much praise is due to the Bravery and good Conduct of Capt. Little and his Crew for this spirited Enterprise and for the great Service they have rendered this Commonwealth in capturing these Privateers, that have for a long Time infested this Coast and taken many valuable Vessels from us. The Winthrop made two further cruises, one in late 1782 and the other in early 1783. When the war ended in the spring of 1783 she was the last of the Massachusetts Navy’s vessels in commission. She was sold at public auction on the 4th of June of that year. While Preble’s subsequent naval career is well known, we can’t leave George Little just yet. His success in command of Winthrop earned him a healthy reputation among capable commanders. When the newly formed Federal Navy sought captains for ships being built to fight French public ships and privateers during the Quasi-War with that nation, Little’s name was on the list. In 1798 wealthy merchants and patriotic citizens of Boston raised $136,000 to build and contribute a warship to the contest. Needless to say she was named the Boston, a sweet 36-gun frigate, and Little, who was commissioned a captain in the new navy on 4 March 1799, was named her commander. His naval career was, however, short-lived. On 12 October 1800 after a prolonged action, Little captured the

French corvette Le Berceau, 24 guns. Controversy soon developed. The capture, it turned out, had been made two weeks after a peace agreement had formally ended hostilities, and thus the ship would have to be repaired and re-outfitted by the American government and returned to the French. Making matters worse were charges of pillaging filed by Le Berceau’s officers against Little and the wardroom of Boston. A court martial followed, on which incidentally sat now Navy Capt. Edward Preble. Little was acquitted, but the pervading sense that the officers of the Boston were guilty of that charge remained. Little’s reputation was stained and the timing could not have been worse. The government was in the midst of its first Navy “downsizing” since the end of the Revolutionary War. Just a month after his acquittal was confirmed by the Secretary of the Navy, Little was discharged, a victim of the Peace Establishment Act of 1801.

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Pull Together • Summer 2013

The Naval Historical Foundation

Volume 11 Issue 2

NAVY MUSEUM

Summer 2013

NEWS

1306 Dahlgren Avenue SE • Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 • Phone (202) 678-4333 • Fax (202) 889-3565 www.usnavymuseum.org

James Cameron with Deepsea Challenger

oaded on an 18-wheeler flatbed truck, Deepsea Challenger, the submersible co-designed by filmmaker and National Geographic “Explorer-in-Residence” James Cameron recently stopped for a weekend at the Washington Navy Yard en route to its new home at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. On 26 March 2012, Cameron made a record-setting solo dive to the Earth’s deepest point, successfully piloting the Deepsea Challenger nearly seven miles down to Challenger Deep in the Marianas Trench. He is the first person to make a solo dive to Challenger Deep. In 1960, Navy Lt. Don Walsh and scientist Jacques Piccard dove to Challenger Deep in the submersible Trieste I, which is now permanently housed at the National Museum of the United States Navy at the Washington Navy Yard. On Monday 10 June 2013, Museum visitors, Navy Yard workers, and students of the Navy Museum’s Home School program inspected the bright green sub with its amazingly small 43-inch-diameter steel capsule that housed Cameron during his epic 7-hour dive. Late in the afternoon scientists Dr. Christina Pull Together • Summer 2013

www.navyhistory.org

James Cameron and Don Walsh with Trieste Symons, Dr. Dijanna Figueroa, and other staff from the Deepsea Challenger project worked with 40 children in the Museum’s Cold War Gallery to explain the technology behind this adventure and this remarkable submarine parked just outside. That evening, the NHF hosted a reception at the museum sponsored by Mr. Cameron and his Avatar Alliance Foundation, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and Rolex, whose celebrated watches, on display for the event, made a successful dive with Trieste in 1960 and again with Deepsea Challenger in 2012. Mr. Cameron entertained the guests with details of the submersible and the dive, including opening the capsule to give the onlookers a first-hand look at the cramped quarters he endured. Among those in attendance was Don Walsh, making this a truly memorable event, as the two record-setting submersibles and two of their three occupants were brought together at the same location.

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Battle Behind Bars Exhibit Displays Crown Jewels of the Navy

ith the support of the Naval Historical Foundation, valuable contextual interpretation has been developed for artifact display cases located in the South Hall of the Cold War Gallery of the National Museum of the United States Navy. On display within these glass cases are Vietnam Prisoner of War artifacts including boxer shorts dotted with red hearts, a shoulder board, sandals, a chess set, cigarettes, soap,

toothpaste, a toothbrush, and textbooks. Forty years ago, these items made their way back to the United States as possessions of released U.S. Navy POWs. In the case of a pair of heart-covered skivvies—a Valentine’s Day gift―they were all that were available for Lt. Theodore W. Triebel to don as his laundry was not returned before his mission over North Vietnam that resulted in his shootdown and capture on 27 August 1972. The shoulder board, chess set, and textbooks represent items skillfully crafted, hidden, and often re-created by the prisoners after confiscation by guards, during the years of captivity punctuated with torture. Part of the negotiated Paris Peace Accords settlement, signed at the end of January 1973, ending the Vietnam War, called for the release of American POWs held in various camps throughout Communist-held territories in Southeast Asia, including the infamous “Hanoi Hilton.” On 12 February 1973, Operation Homecoming 20

began in earnest with the first flight of 40 released captives from Hanoi who boarded an Air Force C141A transport. With the longest held prisoners receiving head-of-the-line privileges, Everett Alvarez returned with this group. Shot down on 5 August 1964, as a Lt. (j.g.), Alvarez spent 8 years and 7 months in captivity. Over the next six weeks, the shuttle would continue between Vietnam and the Philippines. As one of the more recent Americans captured, Lt. Triebel returned on the final flight that departed Vietnam on March 29, 1973. With four new narrative panels explaining the POW experience, and a dramatic 6 minute video, museum visitors will have a better appreciation for the true significance of these items. For some of the former POWs, adjustments to freedom proved challenging. However, the majority of the released naval aviators continued in their service careers and moved on to success in the civilian sector. In the case of Alvarez, he would retire as a commander and go on to law school. Seven of the POWs would attain flag rank. Jeremiah Denton would retire as a rear admiral and serve a term in the U.S. Senate representing Alabama. John S. McCain III would leave the Navy to represent Arizona in the House of Representatives and in the Senate. Others achieved success in other fields. Following his retirement, Capt. Ken Coskey would serve as Executive Director of the Naval Historical Foundation. One of the textbooks on display in the Cold War Gallery bears his handwriting.

Pull Together • Summer 2013

Museum and science center virtual and onsite education programs are innovative and useful resources to link science and mathematics learning objectives with technology and engineering applications in the real world. The Navy recently paralleled our STEM-H program through a partnership with Disollowing two summers of successful sescovery Education, using cutting-edge Navy technolsions with Teacher Fellows at the Navy Muogy linked to high school standards-based lessons seum to develop lesson plans that are now at www.navystemfortheclassroom.com. Similar proposted at www.usnavymuseum.org, the grams are being initiated for science and industry NHF, along with the Submarine professionals to support STEM Force Library & Museum Assoteaching with real world examciation and Historic Ship Nautiples. NHF’s program will be prelus, sponsored this summer’s sented at the three fall National STEM-H [Science, Technology, Science Teachers Association Engineering, Math, & History] Symposia by a former summer Teacher Fellowship in Groton, 2012 Teacher Fellow, John E. Conn., from 22 July to 2 August Clark (Deltona High School, Del2013. tona, Fla.). Four Teacher Fellows were Future export programs are selected from Southeastern being considered for 2014–2015 Connecticut for a submarine imat other Navy museums in Normersion experience: an initial folk, Great Lakes, Keyport, orientation and tour, detailed disBremerton, Port Hueneme (Seacussions of submarine museum bees), USS Constitution, and Anand Nautilus exhibits with subnapolis. They would contribute marine experts and veterans, a to the overall relevance of Navy visit to USS Annapolis (SSN760) STEM programs and help to preshown surfacing through the ice 2013 STEM-H Teachers Ted Allen, pare more students for STEM Stacy Haines, Greg Felber and below, plus in-depth discussion Larry Chapman pose with the sail careers in the future Navy. Using of the basic science and mathfrom USS George Washington unique historical Navy technolematics inherent in submarine (SSBN 598) at the Submarine ogy, practicing new skills, and Force Museum technology. engaging in exciting, authentic A visit by Congresswoman learning experiences across the Elizabeth Esty and Congressman Joseph Courtrange of student STEM learning objectives using ney of Connecticut provided the opportunity for the Navy-related examples and applications is a game teachers to discuss the program. During the second changer. week, Teacher Fellows developed standards-based The NHF welcomes donor support from lesson plans in their middle and high school subject members and others interested in funding our areas. The online lesson plans will be available to innovative STEM-H program, now in its third year. all teachers, parents, students, and life-long learnTo contribute now to this innovative and effective ers through the Internet by the end of August, when teaching program, please access the Foundation’s combined with the detailed Submarine Force Library website www.navyhistory.org and visit our online & Museum Association and Historic Ship Nautilus contributions module “GiveDirect.” virtual tours on the museum’s website www.ussnautilus.org/virtualTour/index.shtml. DDD

STEM-H Exported to Submarine Force Museum and Historic Ship Nautilus

Pull Together • Summer 2013

Also New At The Navy Museum

1813: Don’t Give Up The Ship

uring the War of 1812 a primary Navy responsibility—and its most successful and significant field of activity—was the support it rendered indirectly and directly to the Army on inland waters. These actions included Oliver Hazard Perry’s victory on Lake Erie. With this victory, the Navy altered the strategic situation in the Midwest, reversing the year-long British tide of victories in that theater of operations. This victory allowed General William Henry Harrison to launch an offensive that recaptured Detroit and shattered the British-Canadian-Indian army at the battle of the Thames in Ontario. Perry’s victory shares the stage with the strategic naval victories at Baltimore, Lake Champlain and New Orleans.

The Navy defended the nation, laid the basis for the recovery of eastern Michigan and the successful invasion of Ontario, and raised national morale, which had declined following the capture of the frigate USS Chesapeake and the death of her captain James Lawrence. This new temporary exhibit at the National Museum of the United States Navy features a newly acquired model of Oliver Hazard Perry’s flagship Niagara along with an array of remarkable artifacts from state and private collectors, including the only surviving intact example of the “secret weapon” of the War of 1812—the Navy’s seven barreled “Chambers Gun.” The exhibit will be on display from mid-June to mid-November.

USS Niagara Battle of Lake Erie Bicentennial: The U.S. Navy Museum is planning a series of events to occur on Tuesday 10 September to include lectures, music, historical re-enactors, with an evening reception sponsored by the Naval Historical Foundation. For details, visit the NHF's Event Calendar at www.navyhistory.org. 22

Pull Together • Summer 2013

Naval History News AWARDS

NASOH Book Awards

he North American Society for Oceanic History (NASOH) had their annual conference in Alpena, Mich., in May and the NHF was pleased to provide conference sponsorship and

Calls for Papers 5th Annual Baltic Military History Conference Baltic Defence College, Tartu, Estonia 3–4 October 2013

he Baltic Defence College in Tartu, Estonia, will host a twoday conference on Baltic Region military history on 3–4 October 2013. We invite academics, graduate students, and military personnel to propose papers and panels on subjects dealing with Baltic region military history ― from the Crusading Era through recent conflicts that involved the Baltic region. The conference will examine Baltic Region military history in a broad sense. We are interested in Baltic subjects from battles and campaigns to the social and economic impact of conflicts. We are interested in having papers and panels on subjects such as operational art in Baltic campaigns, early Baltic military history, the Swedish/Russian conflicts, the Napoleonic Wars, the military and society in the time of the tsars, the Baltic campaigns of World War I, the Independence Wars of 1918–1921, the Soviet/Finnish Wars, the Cold War in the Baltics, war plans and preparations in the region, and military activities in the region in the 19th century. If you wish to propose a paper or

Pull Together • Summer 2013

judging support for the book and paper prizes. For the 2012 John Lyman book awards, honored titles germane to naval history included the following: For best Canadian maritime history: A Two-Edged Sword: The Navy as an Instrument of Canadian Foreign Policy by Nicholas Tracy (McGillQueen’s University Press); for U.S. maritime history, honorable mention: Misadventures of a Civil War Submarine: Iron, Guns and Pearls by James Delgado (Texas A&M University Press); for best U.S. naval history: Allied Master Strategists: The Com-

panel, please contact Dr. James Corum at james.corum@bdcol.ee by 10 August 2013 and provide a short CV, a paper title, and an abstract of 500–800 words. The Baltic Defence College will provide accommodation for presenters. For those attending we can also help arrange for good lodging at very reasonable rates. If you wish to attend and participate, please contact Dr. Corum by 30 August 2013 to register. Further details and registration forms will be posted at the Baltic Defence College website at www.bdcol.ee.

An International Conference in Honour of Professor John B. Hattendorf All Souls College, Oxford, UK 10–12 April 2014

conference will be held in Oxford to celebrate Professor John B. Hattendorf’s leading contribution to naval history. For 30 years as the Ernest J. King Professor of Maritime History at the U.S. Naval War College, John Hattendorf has furthered historical understanding among naval professionals and reinvigorated maritime scholarship. Reflecting the breadth of John Hattendorf’s historical perspective, this conference provides an opportunity for research students and recognized authorities to present the latest research in naval history that pushes traditional boundaries and asks innovative questions. The organizers seek to stimulate discussion between naval per-

bined Chiefs of Staff in World War II by David Rigby (Naval Institute Press); for U.S. naval history, honorable mention: America’s Black Sea Fleet: The U.S. Navy Amidst War and Revolution, 1919–1923 by Robert Shenk (Naval Institute Press); for reference, honorable mention: USS Monitor: A Historic Ship Completes its Final Voyage by John D. Broadwater (Texas A&M University Press); and for biography, honorable mention: Zumwalt: The Life and Times of Admiral Elmo Russell “Bud” Zumwalt, Jr., by Larry Berman. sonnel and academics on the formulation and execution of strategy, the development of traditional and irregular naval tactics, and the influence of seapower in international relations. Additional topics might include finance, naval theory, logistics, social history, shipbuilding, and the “fiscal-naval state.” Speakers will give papers of 20 minutes on their research followed by 10 minutes of questions from the audience. Those wishing to present a paper should send a proposed title and abstract of no more than 300 words along with a one-page CV to the conference organizers at allsouls.navalhistory@gmail.com.

10th Maritime Heritage Conference set for Norfolk, VA 17-21 September 2014

nce again representatives from various maritime heritage fields will convene to exchange ideas to promote education outreach from 17–21 September 2014. Organized under the auspices of the National Maritime Alliance, this tenth gathering will be hosted by Nauticus. Arrangements have been made with the Downtown Norfolk Marriott to serve as a meeting venue along with Nauticus and the adjacent battleship Wisconsin. Dr. David Winkler of the NHF has again agreed to serve as the program chair for the conference, which last convened in Baltimore in 2010. A call for papers will appear in the next edition of Pull Together.

NHHC Awards

he Rear Adm. John D. Hayes Pre-doctoral Fellowship in U.S. Navy History was awarded to Alan M. Anderson, doctoral candidate at King’s College, London, for a study analyzing “the impact of laws of war on naval strategy in Great Britain and the United States, 1899–1909.” The dissertation promises to produce a deeper understanding of interrelationships between new technologies and the laws of war. The Rear Adm. Ernest M. Eller Graduate Research Grant was awarded to Steven T. Wills, doctoral student, Ohio University, for a study of “the effects of the 1980s naval grand strategy on the Reagan Administration.” Wills plans to investigate the influence of the Navy’s Maritime Strategy on the national grand strategy of the Reagan presidency. The Vice Adm. Edwin B. Hooper Research Grant was awarded to William F. Althoff, for a history of lighter-than-air aircraft in the U.S. Navy during the early Cold War. The study will examine the research and development of lighter-than-air aircraft in the nuclear age, as well as the challenges of operation and command experienced by Navy personnel. The Samuel Eliot Morison Supplemental Scholarship was awarded to Lt. Cdr. Benjamin F. Armstrong, USN, to support research on his doctoral dissertation in the War Studies Department of King’s College, London. Armstrong proposes examining in tactical detail case studies of irregular warfare by the U.S. Navy in the age of sail. Armstrong’s study will give junior officers knowledge of the Navy’s heritage in the types of operations for which they have responsibilities and help contextualize the Navy’s experience in recent small wars.

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Cold War Essay Contest

or the ninth year, the John A. Adams ‘71 Center for Military History & Strategic Analysis at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) is pleased to announce that it will award prizes for the best unpublished papers dealing with the U.S. military in the Cold War era (1945–1991). Any aspect of Cold War military history is eligible, with papers on war planning, operations, intelligence, logistics, and mobilization especially welcome. Essays that explore the connection between Cold War military history and contemporary national security affairs are likewise open for consideration. Prizes: First place will earn a plaque and a cash award of $2,000; second place, $1,000 and a plaque; and third place, $500 and a plaque. Procedures: Entries should be sent electronically to the Adams Center at VMI by 31 October 2013. Please make your submission by Microsoft Word and limit your entry to a maximum of 7,500 words (minimum 4,000 words) of double-spaced text, exclusive of documentation and bibliography. A panel of judges will examine all papers; the Adams Center director will announce the winners in late 2013. The Journal of Military History will consider prize-winning essays for publication. In addition, the Adams Center would like to post the best papers, with the permission of the author, on its website. Submissions and questions: Lt. Cdr. Bradley Lynn Coleman, Ph.D. Director, John A. Adams ’71 Center for Military History & Strategic Analysis Department of History Virginia Military Institute Lexington, VA 24450 colemanbl@vmi.edu (540) 464-7447

USNA McMullen Naval History Symposium Preview Thursday, Sept. 19th Session I Panels (9:30-11:20) - Thai, Indian, and Ottoman Empire Navies - Cyber Security and Naval Intelligence, - Spanish Naval History - “Forgotten Gray Jackets:” The Life and Legacy of Confederate Sailors in the Civil War - Recent Naval History - Turn of the Century Naval Competition and Cooperation - 1943: The 70th Anniversary of Allied Victory in the Battle of the Atlantic Luncheon (11:30-1:00) - Keynote speaker; Director of Naval History Captain Henry J. Hendrix - Presentation of NHF Commo. Dudley Knox Lifetime Achievement awards Session 2 Panels (1:20-3:10) - Privateers and Piracy during the Age of Sail - Undergraduate Research: Naval Warfare, 1941- Stories of the Sea: Naval Heroes, Travel Narratives, and Prophesying War through Naval Fiction - British Seapower and Strategy, 1919-1954 - War of 1812: National Honor, Public Will, and Civilian Partisans - Naval Propulsion: Steam and Oil - Research, Training, Jointness Session 3 Panels (3:30-5:20) - Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese Navies, 16th and 18th century - The Civil War: Professional Values, Community Studies, and Historical Memory - Maritime Diplomacy: Policy and Practice - Politics of the Sea in the Early Pull Together • Summer 2013

Republic U.S. Coast Guard History Naval Professionalization in England, Germany and the US, 1870-1890 Evening Reception: Naval Academy Museum

Friday, Sept. 20th Session 4 Panels (8:00-9:50) - Australian Naval Affairs: Logistics, Expeditionary Operations, and Coalition Warfare - WWII: Fighting the Enemy - Blockaders, Gunboats, and Commerce Raiders during the Civil War - 17th and 18th Century Maritime History in the Greater Caribbean: Piracy, U.S. Occupation and New World Contributions to Naval Medicine - Roman and Greek Naval Warfare - Latin American Naval History Session 5 Panels (10:10-12:00) - Naval Base Debates - French Naval Affairs - Civil Military Relations: Vietnam - Foodways and Medical Care in the Age of Sail and Early Steam Anglo-American Navies - Marine Corps Image and Recruiting - Economics and Commercial Imperialism of the Navy in the Second Half of the 19th Century Session 6 Panels (1:30-3:20) - Huntington’s Children and Naval Strategy - British Naval Manpower 17751815 - Lejeune’s Lieutenants: The Development of Marine Corps Generals - Maritime History of Slavery and Indigenous Peoples - Harold Langley and Social Reform - Demise of Privateering Session 7 Panels (3:30-5:20) - Comparative Navies and Latin America - U.S Admirals and Politics, 1940s-1970s - Sino American Naval OperaPull Together • Summer 2013

tions How they Served: Profiles of Four British Imperial Commonwealth Sailors and Marines 1960s Naval Affairs Moving the Mountains: Culture and Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan

For program updates, the list of panelists, registration, and additional information visit: http://www.usna. edu/History/Symposium/ For NHF members attending the symposium, we encourage you to wear your NHF lapel pin.

Historic Ship News

he NHF works closely with the Historic Naval Ships Association (HNSA) both domestically and internationally to advocate on behalf of these naval heritage assets. [See Cdr. David F. Winkler, USNR (Ret.) “Bring Historic Ships Back Into The Fleet” Naval Institute Proceedings (February 2013), pp.62–67.] Domestically, NHF President Rear Adm. John Mitchell and Director of Development Leslie Cook had an opportunity to meet with former HNSA president and CEO of the Aircraft Carrier Midway Museum Rear Adm. Mac McLaughlin to discuss historic ship issues in conjunction with an NHF-hosted reception in April. NHF continues to participate in efforts to find a home for Olympia. Currently groups based in Beaufort, S.C., and Vallejo, Calif., are in competition to receive the ship. The NHF also provided input to a fund-raising feasibility study for the Battleship Texas as the world’s remaining World War I dreadnought approaches the centennial of her commissioning. Internationally, the NHF welcomed National Museum of the Royal Navy (NMRN) Director Graham Dobbin in April. Discussions included the NMRN’s management of HMS Victory under an arrangement that allows Nelson’s flagship to remain in

commission with the Royal Navy. The NMRN recently took procession of HMS Caroline, a cruiser that served at the Battle of Jutland and that the Royal Navy had utilized for decades as a training ship. In addition, as a result of academic discussions with a professor at the University of Wuhan in central China, the NHF facilitated the membership application of Wuhan’s Zhongshan Warship Museum to HNSA. Constructed in Nagaski, Japan, for the Quig Imperial Navy, the gunboat, originally named Yung Feng, served until 24 October 1938 when she was sunk on the Yangtze River by Japanese aircraft. Raised and restored in 1997, the ship and various artifacts are housed in an indoor facility.

NHF Member Notes

ames L. Kochan has organized the second installment of Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights: The War of 1812 and the Shaping of America for public viewing at his Frederick, Md., gallery [James L. Kochan Fine Art & Antiques]; it opened on Sunday, June 16, and closes on September 1, 2013. The exhibition chronicles this conflict and its legacy through an impressive collection of its material remains―rare artifacts, artwork, manuscripts, and imprints. The first installment of Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights opened a year ago, running from June 2 to September 9, 2012, and focused primarily on the naval battles and military campaigns fought in or along the Atlantic seaboard. Lack of gallery space for the extensive collection led to the decision to mount a second installment of the exhibition in 2013. This new installation takes the war inland to the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River borderlands with Canada, where most of the major land actions and arguably the two most strategically important naval battles―Lake Erie and Plattsburgh―were fought (and the latter two won by the United States). James Kochan Fine Art & An25

Upcoming Conferences and Symposia 8–14 September 2013, International Congress of Maritime Museums Biennial Congress, Cascais, Portugal, www.icmmonline.org 10–12 September 2013, Working Lives Between the Deck and Dock: Comparative Perspectives on Sailors as International Labourers, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K., http://centres.exeter.ac.uk/cmhs/conferences/index.htm 13–14 September 2013, Annual Conference for Association for Great Lakes Maritime History, Mackinac Island, Mich., www.aglmh.net/ 17–22 September, 2013, Historic Naval Ships Association Annual Meeting, Camden, N.J., www.hnsa.org/conf2013.pdf 19–20 September 2013, McMullen Naval History Symposium, United States Naval Academy, http://www.usna.edu/History/Symposium/ 25–27 September 2013, Big Stuff Conference 2013, Ottawa, Canada, www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/whatson/big_stuff_ conference.cfm 3 October 2013, 2013 Naval History Conference: Past, Present, and Future Manned and Unmanned Space Operations, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., www.usni.org/events 10 October 2013, Annual Salute to the US Coast Guard, Times Square Marriott Marquis, New York City, N.Y., www.coastguardfoundation.org/events/calendar/event/7 10–13 October 2013, Society for the History of Technology Annual Meeting, Portland, Me., www.historyoftechnology.org/annual_ meeting.html 21–23 October 2013, Annual Meeting of the Museum Small Craft Association, North Carolina Maritime Museum, Beaufort, N.C., www.museumsmallcraft.org/ 30 October–3 November 2013, Naval Order of the United States 2013 Congress, Charleston, S.C.; www.navalorder.org/12congress/ index.htm 2–5 January 2014, American Historical Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., www.historians.org/annual/2014/index.cfm 11–13 February 2014, U.S. Naval Institute West Conference, San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, Calif., www.usni.org/ events/2014-west-conference 3–6 April 2014, Society for Military History Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Mo., www.smh-hq.org/2014cfp.html 11–12 April 2014, Naval and Maritime Power in Two World Wars, Greenwich Maritime Institute, University of Greenwich; contact Robert von Meier at globalwarstudies@gmail.com. 16–19 April 2014, Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association National Conference, Chicago, Ill., http://pcaaca.org/ national-conference/ 17–21 September 2014, 10th Maritime Heritage Conference, Nauticus, Norfolk, Va., www.seahistory.org

tiques is located at 218 North Market Street in historic Frederick, Md. Hours: 11–5 PM Friday-Sun or by appointment. A catalog of the exhibition will be published, and purchase details, as well as an online flipbook version of the catalog, may be found on the gallery’s website: www.jameskochan.com. NHF Directors Martin J. Bollinger and Andrew C.A. Jampoler have published two new naval history titles. Bollinger published From the Revolution to The Cold War: A History of the Soviet Merchant Fleet from 1917 to 1950 in the United Kingdom with the World Ship Society. Re26

tired Captain Jampoler’s Congo: The Miserable Expeditions and Dreadful Death of Lt. Emory Taunt, USN was released by the Naval Institute Press: (See www.usni.org/navalinstitutepress). Meanwhile NHF Director Dr. William Dudley wrote the text for the Naval Academy’s publication, The Naval War of 1812: America’s Second War of Independence. Produced by Donning Company Publishers, Virginia Beach, VA (2013), the book is both a history of the major events of the naval war and a catalog of the remarkable exhibit now on display at the Naval Academy’s Mahan Hall. Copies can be purchased at the USNA Visi-

tors’ Center or online at www.navyonline.com. Dr. Phillip Lundeberg’s paper on the integration and treatment of German U-Boat POWs at the end of World War II was well received at the “70th Battle of the Atlantic Conference” held in May in Liverpool, England. Lundeberg was a junior officer embarked in the destroyer escort Frederick C. Davis (DE 136), which was lost to a German U-Boat on 24 April 1945.

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News from the Naval Historical Foundation n Annual Meeting Summary

Rear Adm. Robert H. Shumaker gave the David T. Leighton Lecture at the Annual Meeting of the NHF on 15 June 2013 at the Cold War Gallery. A prisoner of war for eight years in North Vietnam, Shumaker coined the term “Hanoi Hilton.”

n Saturday 15 June, the NHF hosted its 87th Annual Meeting at the Navy Museum’s Cold War Gallery (http://usnavymuseum.org/). The nearly 100 members in attendance participated in an informative business meeting which concluded with the David T. Leighton Lecture, delivered by Rear Adm. Robert Shumaker, USN (Ret.), about the lessons of his eight years of captivity in “The Hanoi Hilton.” After the lecture, the crowd watched the new 6-minute video on the POW experience, commissioned by the NHF, produced by NHF member Cdr. Robert Rositzke, USN (Ret.). At the conclusion of the video, there was a digital ribbon-cutting ceremony for the opening of a new exhibit, entitled “Battle Behind Bars,” which remembers the service and sacrifice of naval aviators held as Pull Together • Summer 2013

counsel to NHF leadership on organization development issues. At the conclusion of the business portion of the meeting, NHF Chairman Adm. Bruce DeMars announced the creation of the Adm. James L. Holloway III Society for those who contribute a cumulative total of $100,000 and more to ensure the long-term future of the Foundation. Members of the Society will be invited to special receptions and be offered opportunities to participate in behind-the-scene activities. Admiral Holloway, who served as the Foundation’s president and chairman for a combined 28 years, was most honored to have the Society named for him and is one of the charter members. The David T. Leighton Lecture, which recognizes the generosity of a man who devoted his life to the Navy’s nuclear propulsion program, has helped draw larger attendance to the annual meeting. This year’s speaker provided insightful remarks

prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. This year marks the 40th anniversary of their “Return With Honor” to the United States. The business meeting saw the membership approval for three new board members: Capt. Maurice A. Gauthier, USN (Ret.), The Honorable Steven S. Honigman, and The Honorable Franklin C. Miller. The foundation thanked two retiring board members, Rear Adm. Mack Gaston, USN (Ret.) and Capt. David Cooper, USN (Ret.). Matthew Schatzle was recognized as the NHF Volunteer of the Year for 2012 for his Members watching the video “Battle Behind Bars”

on the determination and courage of his fellow POWs, and listed the seven lessons he learned in captivity. The last of those seven lessons was that a sense of humor was critical to survival, and he told several tales from imprisonment, tales that had the gathered crowd laughing heartily. It was a moving speech that ended with a rousing standing ovation for this courageous leader and his fellow POWs. The final highlight of the day was the catered lunch provided to members and friends. Old shipmates had the chance to catch up with each other and to meet others who support the Foundation. And most important, the NHF’s leadership and staff had the chance to mingle and chat with the people who contribute their time and money to ensure the organization will sustain itself for at least another 87 years.

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Submarine History Seminar Connects!

n the 113th birthday of the Submarine Force, a large crowd gathered at the Navy Museum’s Cold War Gallery to witness and participate in a program titled “SEAWOLF and The Maritime Strategy: Examining the Relationships of Policy, Strategy, Technology, Tactics and Acquisition.” The joint Naval Submarine League – Naval Historical Foundation Submarine History Seminar reviewed how the shift in American thinking on how to employ forces in a general war with the Soviet Union became known as “The Maritime Strategy” and the Seawolf submarine, of which only three were built, was designed as a big, fast, quiet, torpedo-laden weapon system that could effectively operate in hostile waters. To discuss the topic, NHF Vice

President Rear Adm. William J. Holland and program moderator assembled a panel to discuss the design of Seawolf and the evolving thought process that led to the Maritime Strategy. Included on the panel was Rear Adm. Millard S. Firebaugh, who, while at Naval Sea Systems Command, initiated the Seawolf Class submarine program which he managed through design and award of contracts; Capt. Peter Swartz, who worked in the Chief of Naval Operations and Secretary of the Navy’s staffs in the 1980s, contributing to the development and dissemination of the Maritime Strategy; and Ambassador Linton F. Brooks, who, as an active-duty Navy captain, served on the Navy staff and the National Security Council staff in the 1980s. The topic, while historic in nature, had implications for current policy. The seminar was very much enjoyed by the audience of activeduty and civilian employees from Naval Sea Systems Command and other staffs who were there to appreciate the collected wisdom of their predecessors.

Pull Together • Summer 2013

NHF president Rear Admiral Mitchell with William Whittenbury

MIDWAY MEET-UP! On Sunday 7 April, the NHF hosted over 40 members and friends at the USS Midway Museum at San Diego. After being welcomed by Midway CEO, Rear Adm. Mac McLaughlin, and greeted by NHF President Rear Adm. John Mitchell, USN, southern California members and guests were provided with an overview of the Foundation’s latest activities. As guests gathered on the hangar deck, Admiral Mitchell had the honor of presenting the Foundation’s Heritage Speaker Program certificate to William Whittenbury, a high school student at Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, for his talks on the naval history of the War of 1812. The NHF plans to host a similar event next spring in Norfolk, Va.

About the NHF Naval Heritage Speakers Program In partnership with a number of naval museums and non-governmental organizations, the Naval Historical Foundation has assembled an expert group of authors, historians and navy retirees from around the country who are available to speak on a wide variety of naval history topics. While these speakers have volunteered to make their presentations at no charge, the hosting organization should offer to fund the speaker’s travel expenses to attend the gathering and meals as appropriate. If you are interested in arranging a speaking engagement (or in volunteering to offer your services as a speaker), please contact Foundation Program Director Dr. David F. Winkler at 202-678-4333 or dwinkler@navyhistory.org.

Pull Together • Summer 2013

Admiral DeMars at the launching of USS Tucson

Chairman Donates Photo Albums

HF Chairman Admiral Bruce DeMars recently made a generous donation to the Navy’s photo collection. DeMars, a submariner, finished his 44 years in the Navy with eight years as the director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion. Amongst the many items in his personal collection were a series of photo albums covering the christening and launching of nine nuclear-powered warships. He recently decided to present these albums to the Naval History and Heritage Command, to ensure their availability to future generations. The nine albums are as follows: USS Cavalla (SSN 684) 1972 USS Albany (SSN 753) 1987 30

USS Boise (SSN 764) 1990 USS George Washington (CVN 73) 1990 USS Montpelier (SSN 765) 1991 USS Charlotte (SSN 766) 1992 USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) 1993 USS Tucson (SSN 770) 1994 USS Greenville (SSN 772) 1994 In addition to an excellent selection of images of the submarines and aircraft carriers being christened, the photos contain a cast of luminaries involved with bringing the warships to life. Political figures such as President George H.W. Bush, Henry Kissinger, Al and Tipper Gore, and Dick Cheney appear in the collection. Signature images of the ship’s sponsors breaking a champagne bottle are found in most of the albums. Also found in the collection are invitations to the ceremonies, as well as full-color programs and pamphlets. The Cavalla album is particularly important to Admiral DeMars, as the nuclearpowered attack submarine was his first command. Present at that cer-

emony was Adm. Hyman Rickover, at the time serving as director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion―a position that then-Commander DeMars would take over in 1988. Said DeMars, “It was very gracious of Newport News (now Huntington Ingalls) to compile these photo albums, to document in a fitting way the quality of the people that came to these ceremonies to honor the shipyard workers.”

Directory of Naval Historians Breaks Centennial Mark

ver 110 scholars have registered with the NHF’s Directory of Naval Historians. The internally maintained database continues to grow; members receive NHF e-letters such as Naval History Books Reviews and Pull Together • Summer 2013

notices of conferences and other NHF-supported events. The database has proven to be a reliable source for book reviewers, graduate student mentors, subject matter experts for

media inquiries, speakers, and commentators. Of the scholars who have signed on, 62 hold doctorates. The database is international in scope, with members from Australia, Brit-

ain, Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Italy, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Spain, and Turkey.

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2013 Beach Prize

Left to right; Professor Richard P. Abels, History Department Chair; Capt Creekman; Mrs. Beach; Midn Ziminski; Dr. Jennifer K. Waters, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs; Col. Paul D. Montanus, USMC, Director, Division of Humanities and Social Sciences.

n Wednesday, 22 May 2013, NHF Executive Director Capt. Todd Creekman traveled to Annapolis for the presentation of this year’s Capt. Edward L. Beach, Jr., Naval History Award. This award is given annually to the U.S. Naval Academy graduating midshipman who has contributed the most to the study of naval and military history. Evaluation for award selection is conducted by Naval Academy history department faculty. Beginning in 2003, the award was named for

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deceased World War II submariner, noted author, and long-time Naval Historical Foundation Board member Capt. Edward L. Beach, Jr. The 2013 award was presented to Midshipman First Class Daniel Ziminski. In addition to a plaque and a copy of the recently published Foundation book In Their Own Words: The Navy Fights the War of 1812, Ziminski was awarded a Lifetime Membership in the Naval Historical Foundation. Accompanying Captain Creekman and presenting a copy of her

husband’s autobiography, Salt and Steel, to Ziminski was Mrs. Ingrid Beach, widow of Captain Beach. Ziminski, a native of Corvallis, Ore., will be training as a Marine Corps aviator following his graduation this week. His papers and projects included a study of insurgency during the time of the Roman Empire and the culture of the Greek martial society.

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Photo courtesy of Hampton Roads Naval Museum

STAFF PROFILE: Dave Colamaria—Building Success a Block at a Time

HF Digital Historian Dave Colamaria enjoyed building ships with LEGO® blocks growing up in Massachusetts and he has been able to continue this childhood pleasure as part of his work with the Naval Historical Foundation. At the second annual Hampton Roads Naval Museum “Brick by Brick: LEGO Shipbuilding” contest held last February in Norfolk that attracted over 100 creations, Colamaria earned grand prize honors with his five-foot-long replica of a Fletcher class destroyer. After reading about the first “Brick by Brick” contest at HRNM, Colamaria was intrigued by the idea of constructing a large-scale ship model for the contest. Appropriating LEGOs from his younger brothers, he gradually began to accumulate the needed pieces and in December he began purchasing large batches of grey bricks online. Finished only two days before the event, the model was “close” to scale. Colamaria worked with a number of reference sources; the most useful source was Alan Raven’s Fletcher Class Destroyers, a 1986 Naval Institute Press publication. Also helpful was a builder’s model of USS The Sullivans (DD 537) on display at the Washington Navy Yard and extensive photographs Colamaria took during a 2010 visit the Buffalo and Erie County Naval and Military Park (http://www.buffalonavalpark.org/USSSullivans.html) to see the DD 537 in person. In execution, the model incorporated many aspects of the 175 Fletchers, which served this country so well during World War II and beyond. Colamaria appreciated the support of the staff and volunteers of HRNM for putting on such a great day, and looks forward to defend his title at next year’s contest. He also added: “I want to thank my wife Angie for enduring a dining room table covered with LEGOs for two months!” Colamaria’s passion for the little plastic blocks continued this summer. With his assistance, the NHF had the opportunity to work with the Navy Museum on their Summer Engineering Camp and directly support the LEGO Robotics portion of the curriculum. The camp, run by the Museum’s Education Staff and interns, brought dozens of youngsters to the museum for a four day, team-based competition. Colamaria took a great interest in the possibilities of LEGO Mindstorm robots for the education of children. Working closely with the Museum’s staff, he was able to repair their four existing robotics sets, and obtain replacement parts from LEGO Education. He also arranged for the NHF to purchased six additional LEGO Mindstorm NXT sets for the Museum, giving them ten fully functioning robotics kids. The sets are customizable and can be programmed by children using an easy to understand computer interface. Each robot has a number of sensors which can be swapped in and out, ranging from sound and light indicators, to ultrasonic and touch sensors. For this summer’s camp, each team had to construct a robot that was able to follow a course marked out on the floor, avoiding obstacles and navigating safely to a central finish point. On the final day of the program, the teams scurried about testing and reprogramming their robots, trying to complete two basic courses laid out on the floor of the Cold War Gallery. For those who completed the two courses, an advanced course was laid out for the children to attempt. The program was a great success, and gave children the chance to learn STEM concepts (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) while having fun building LEGO machines.

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71st Anniversary Battle of Midway Commemorative Dinner 4 June 2013

With the reopening of the Army-Navy Country Club in a new facility, the consortium of the Naval Historical Foundation, Naval Order of the United States, Marine Corps Aviation Association, Association of the United States Navy, The United States Navy Memorial Foundation, Navy League of the United States, Surface Navy Association, Association of Naval Aviation, and the Tailhook Association once again collaborated to produce a memorable event to honor the Navy and those heroes who fought at the pivotal battle of Midway. The new venue enabled a larger audience to enjoy the festivities. The guest speaker was The Honorable Robert O. Work, former Undersecretary of the Navy, who is standing with surviving Battle of Midway veterans. Each veteran was presented with a copy of Dr. Thomas C. Honeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Battle of Midway courtesy of the Naval Institute Press.

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Remembering Captain Kenneth L. Coskey

ormer Vietnam Prisoner of War and ex-Naval Historical Foundation Executive Director, Captain Kenneth Leon Coskey, USN (Ret.) passed away Saturday, 29 June 2013, at the Assisted Living Facility where he lived. Funeral plans for Arlington National Cemetery are still pending. Born 26 December 1929, Coskey grew up in Detroit, Michigan and entered the Navy through the Naval Aviation Cadet (NavCad) program at Pensacola in November 1951. Commissioned as an ensign on 13 May 1953, Coskey earned his Wings of Gold two months later and was assigned to the North Island based VS-21, where he flew the Grumman AF Guardian—the first purpose built antisubmarine warfare carrier based aircraft to enter U.S. Navy service. Completing his first tour in December 1954, Coskey returned to the Florida panhandle to serve a three year tour as an instructor pilot at NAAS Whiting Field. Returning to the West Coast, the Navy assigned Coskey orders to attend the Naval Postgraduate School from January to September 1958. With the Navy transitioning to jet aircraft, Coskey underwent transition training at Olathe, Kansas that autumn and then joined VAH-3, at NAS Sanford, Florida, the A-3 Skywarrior Replacement Air Group. Coskey then rejoined the fleet as an A-3 pilot with the Jacksonville-based VAH-1, embarking with the newly commissioned USS Independence (CVA 62) during deployments between May 1959 to October 1962. Departing Independence following the Cuban Missile Crisis, Coskey continued to fly the A-3 with VAH-11 from November 1962 until June 1963. He then returned

to Monterrey where he attained a BS from the Naval Postgraduate School in June 1965. For his first Washington tour, Coskey spent two years with the Navy Bureau of Personnel. He returned to the fleet following Replacement Air Group training with VA-42 based at Oceana, Virginia. Now flying the A-6 Intruder, Coskey served as first as Executive Officer and then Commanding Officer of VA85 which deployed in USS America (CVA 66). On 6 September 1968, during a nighttime armed reconnaissance mission over North Vietnam, Coskey’s aircraft sustained a direct hit and crashed on an island in the Song Ca River, southeast of the city of Vinh. Having initiated a successful ejection for him and his naval flight officer (NFO), Coskey landed in thick brush and injured his leg. While a search and rescue team rescued his NFO, Coskey was captured by the North Vietnamese and would be held in various camps over the next five years. He was released in Operation Homecoming on 14 March 1973. Following hospitalization to recover from injuries, Coskey attended George Washington University, where he earned an M.B.A. in May 1975. Continuing on active duty, Coskey served as the Department of Defense Liaison to the House of Representatives Select Committee on Missing Persons for a year. He then commanded the Navy ROTC unit at Northwestern University from 1976 through 1979. Returning to Washington, Coskey’s final tour on active duty was as Deputy Director of the Naval Historical Center at the Washington Navy Yard. Following his retirement on 1 October 1982, Coskey was recruited in 1987 by former Chief of Naval Operations James L. Holloway III to serve as Executive

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Director of the Naval Historical Foundation. One of his initiatives was to establish a Naval History Prize at the National History Day event held at the University of Maryland which represented the culmination of history competitions held in all 50 states and territories. Today the Captain Ken Coskey Naval History Prize given at this event recognizes outstanding achievement in the field of naval history to aspiring young scholars. Retiring

Capt. Ken Coskey Naval History Prize

aria Sutton of Wilmington, Del., has been awarded the Capt. Ken Coskey Naval History Prize for her work on USS Maine in the 2013 National History Day (NHD) Contest. The NHD Contest is an annual event inviting young historians from all 50 states, the territories, and internationally in 6th through 12th grade to research and submit papers, exhibits, documentaries, websites, and performances. Each entry must relate to the theme of that year, and this year’s theme was “Turning Points in History.” Pull Together • Summer 2013

from the Naval Historical Foundation in 1999, Coskey enjoyed retirement in Northern Virginia with his wife Rosemary and continued his interest in naval history, from the perspective of someone who made that history. The family has asked that in lieu of flowers, donations can be made in Captain Coskey’s name to the Naval Historical Foundation.

Sutton's work focused on USS Maine's loss in Havana Harbor, the wider context surrounding the loss of the ship, and the resulting changes her loss had on the history of U.S. foreign policy. Also of note was Mr. Brendon O'Brien of Ware, Mass., who won third prize in the Junior Papers category for his work on Alfred Thayer Mahan and his book The Influence of Seapower Upon History 's impact on the naval strategy of the great navies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The NHF congratulates both these young historians; the 130 other national-level entries on maritime and naval history; and those students who did not make it to the nationallevel contest, but worked at the regional and state levels instead. The number and quality of entries—with 8 percent of national-

level entries being directly related to naval and maritime history—shows a strong interest in naval history amongst students that should be supported. As Dr. Charles C. Chadbourn, a member of the Naval War College faculty (as well as a life member of the Foundation) and a long-time NHD judge, said, "It's important to let the next generation of naval historians know about the long maritime history of the United States in war and peace, and National History Day gives us an invigorating way to share that knowledge." Next year's theme is “Rights and Responsibilities in History,” and we look forward to the naval and maritime entries we'll be seeing from these young historians in the coming year.

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International Journal of Naval History

he NHF is pleased to announce Dr. Charles C. Chadbourn of the Naval War College has agreed to serve as Editor in Chief of the foundationsupported International Journal of Naval History (www.ijnhonline. org). The journal, designed to be an academic peer-reviewed scholarly journal, welcomes submissions. Dr. Chuck Steele of the U.S. Air Force Academy has agreed to serve as the

book review editor. NHF Digital Historian Dave Colamaria will assist Dr. Chadbourn with website postings.

Naval History Book Reviews publishes 30th edition The Naval History Book Review (NHBR) initiative has entered its third year and has sent out some 150 reviews of contemporary books on naval history. Initially established as

an e-letter service for NHF members, the book review following has gone global as reviews are forwarded and reposted on other blogs. Subsequently the pool of reviewers has dramatically grown, featuring some of the world’s top naval scholars as well as aspiring graduate students and well-educated retirees from the naval services. While top-mainstream presses have added the NHF for book review distribution, the NHF strongly encourages members to submit selfpublished works for review. Many of these personal accounts, if known to a greater audience, can provide material for future narratives.

ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM

he NHF recently sent collected oral histories and memoirs to libraries at the Naval War College, U.S. Naval Academy, Naval Postgraduate School, and Navy Department Library. Included were recently published interviews with Adm. George Kinnear, Vice Adm. J.D. Williams, Rear Adm. Peter Cullins, and Rear Adm. E.C. Waller. Meanwhile all of the tapes from the History of Early Radio recording project that was conducted by Rear Adm. Edwin Hooper have been transcribed by Frank Arre. Dr. Jonathan Winkler of Wright State University (no relation to the NHF’s Dr. David Winkler) is editing the transcripts for eventual publication. The reel-to-reel tapes had spent over a half century in storage at the Library of Congress Sound Recording Division. Hooper recordings were originally made in the 1950s during Rear Adm. Hooper's retirement years. He recorded his own reminiscences as well as those of others who had been influential or involved in the development of not just radio but electronics generally for the U.S. Navy in the period from the beginning of the century through the early 1950s. His papers, among them the tapes, went to the NHF and in the 1960s these were placed in the Library of Congress. At some point, possibly in the 1960s, a transcription was made of some of the Hooper

recordings, in large part because the originals were deteriorating and flammable. Only 95 of the 153 recordings were transcribed. The remaining 58 recordings were not. After discussion with naval historians Randy Papadopolous (Historian for the Secretary of the Navy) and Tim Wolters (a professor at Iowa State), Dr. Winkler recruited the NHF and the IEEE History Center to complete the transcriptions. The information in these transcripts will enhance our understanding of interwar research by the U.S. Navy regarding communications-electronics, the development of the electronics industry in the United States, and the transformation of the U.S. Navy in the interwar period as it integrated electronics into all aspects of naval warfare. The 58 recordings span a wide range of individuals, from the technical experts working to develop radio and related technologies to the officers and enlisted personnel who learned how to integrate into the fleet the advantages that electronics conferred. It includes an interview with Guglielmo Marconi's daughter and a Medal of Honor recipient who, recalled to active duty as an admiral on the eve of World War II, found himself caught up in the intense politics of anticommunism and radio policy.

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Host your next event at the National Museum of the United States Navy! Located at the Historic Washington Navy Yard, the Navyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flagship museum, the National Museum of the United States Navy and its new Cold War Gallery are open to the public for all of your special events: weddings, corporate parties, and other special celebrations. The flagship museum, which covers U.S. naval history from the American Revolution through the end of the Second World War, and the adjacent Cold War Gallery, which opened in October 2012, accommodates seated dinners for 100 and receptions for 200 guests. The Cold War Gallery is located next to the emerging DC waterfront district and offers views of the river and the Navy destroyer Barry. Self-guided and guided museum tours are available to guests at no additional cost.

For information and museum rental rates, please contact Ms. Leslie Cook, Director of Development, Naval Historical Foundation, at (202) 678-4333 or by e-mail at lcook@navyhistory.org. Pull Together â&#x20AC;˘ Summer 2013

The Naval Historical Foundation Admiral James L. Holloway III Society: Mission and Guidelines The Admiral James L. Holloway III Society (Holloway Society) is being established by the Naval Historical Foundation (NHF) to recognize individuals that donate or formally pledge to give $100,000 or more to NHF. New Holloway Society members, those who have already donated $100,000 or more, and those who complete or exceed the full $100,000 contribution within five years of the Society’s launch will be considered Founding members. This special group of donors will provide direct support for NHF’s mission to:

Preserve and Honor the Legacy of Those Who Came Before, and Educate and Inspire Those Who Will Follow The Holloway Society will form the nucleus of major donor support for the Naval Historical Foundation. It is named in honor of Admiral James L. Holloway III, a highly decorated four-star Admiral whose combat expertise during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and his public service after naval retirement, qualify him as a true modern day American naval hero. Admiral Holloway served as Chief of Naval Operations from 1974-1978, during the challenging Cold War chapter in U.S. military history. Following his retirement from active duty, Admiral Holloway served as President of NHF from 1980-1998, and ten more years as Chairman, before being elected Chairman Emeritus in 2008. Admiral Holloway’s outstanding Navy career and his 28 years of service to NHF serve as an inspiring example of leadership and dedication to advance our mission to educate new generations of naval history enthusiasts and inspire those who can learn from his example of achievement and service to the Navy. Benefits of Joining the Holloway Society: • Participation in a unique leadership group of individuals dedicated to advancing the mission of the Naval Historical Foundation and assuring its bright future: • Prominent recognition on a Holloway Society member plaque located in the Navy Museum; • Recognition in the Foundation’s Annual Report, Pull Together, and on NHF websites; • Invitation to a special Holloway Society annual dinner; • Presentation of a Holloway Society special edition Foundation signature Truxtun Bowl; and, • Invitations to special Navy Museum exhibit previews and Foundation events nationwide. For additional details about the society and membership, contact Ms. Leslie Cook, Director of Development, Naval Historical Foundation at (202) 678-4333 or by e-mail at lcook@navyhistory.org.

Admiral Holloway cuts a ribbon opening the “Into the Lion’s Den Exhibit” in the Cold War Gallery at the 2012 Naval Historical Foundation Annual Meeting.

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Thank you to those of you who have provided individual contributions in response to our Annual Meeting invitation. CDR Paul M. Allen, USN (Ret.) RADM Henry C. Amos, USN (Ret.) Mr. John G. Bachman Mr. Kenneth E. Ball Mr. Robert Bellas Mr. Peter Bennett Mr. James Brabow Mr. Harold Brown RADM John D. Butler, USN (Ret.) Mr. Stephen J. Cannon Mr. Lon Carroll Ms. Jan Churchill Mr. William A. Claire ADM Archie R. Clemins, USN (Ret.) Mr. Edward Lull Cochrane Dr. William B. Cogar Mr. Robert Cooper RADM Raymond R. Couture, USN (Ret.) Mr. Henry Crommelin Mr. E. J. Cummings Mr. Richard B. Cunningham Mr. James Davis Mr. James E. Dean Mr. William Dickson Mr. Norbert Doerry VADM James H. Doyle Jr., USN (Ret.) Dr. William S. Dudley Mr. Ralph Eldridge Mr. Orville Elliott Mr. John Emerson Mr. John Kirk Ferguson Mr. Douglas Finlay Ms. Macy Follander Ms. Marilyn Ford RADM Mark P. Frudden, USN (Ret.) CAPT Charles Garverick, USN (Ret.) Mr. Charles F. Gerhan ADM Thomas B. Hayward, USN (Ret.) Mr. Dean Henrichs Mr. Gulmer Hines Mr. Larry Holman RADM David A. Janes, USN (Ret.) ADM David E. Jeremiah, USN (Ret.) Mr. Andrew M. Jergens Ms. Shirley Johns Mr. Charles Kane RADM John M. Kersh, USN (Ret.) Mr. Keith Knoblock Mr. Wayne Leaver Mr. Martin Leukhardt Dr. Jack P. London ADM James A. Lyons, USN (Ret.) Mr. Douglas Macdonald Mr. Forbes Mann Mr. Hans Mark ADM Henry H. Mauz, USN (Ret.)

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RADM Robert B. McClinton, USN (Ret.) Mr. Richard H. McCoppin Mr. William Miller Mr. Robert Mitchell ADM John B. Nathman, USN (Ret.) Mr. George Nelson Mr. Edwin Oyer Mr. Steven Pasch CAPT William H. Peerenboom, USN (Ret.) Mr. F.W. Pennoyer Dr. Barbara Pilling CAPT Walter W. Price, USN (Ret.) Mr. Frank G. Rhodes Mr. Robert H. Rositzke Ms. Cheryl Rossi Mr. Robert Rowley VADM James Sagerholm, USN (Ret.) Mr. Jack Samar Mr. Martin Schaller RADM Guy H. Shaffer, USN (Ret.) RADM Roger O. Simon, USN (Ret.) Mr. Charles R. Smith Mr. Edward Smith Mr. Gary Smith RADM Robert Smith, USN (Ret.) Mr. Cesare Sorio Mr. Robert D. Steele CAPT George Stewart Mr. Paul L. Stillwell Mr. William Talarico VADM Patricia Tracey, USN (Ret.) ADM Carlisle A. Trost, USN (Ret.) Mr. M. Volz Mr. George Wallace RADM Hugh L. Webster, USN (Ret.) Mr. John Welch RADM Robert H. Wertheim, USN (Ret.) Mr. Kam F. Wong Mr. Howard Woods

In Honor Of: William Whittenbury, Col. William P. Olsen, USAF In Memory Of: Mike Biolchino, Martin F. Nelson, Theodore B. Morris, George Torrey, Capt. Ken Coskey, USN, Adm. Frank B. Kelso, USN, Rear Adm. John D.H. Kane Jr., Horace Tully

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You Make a Difference Preserving and Honoring the Legacy of Those Who Came Before Us; Educating and Inspiring the Generations Who Will Follow. Membership in the Foundation is open to all who share that mission and are interested in the heritage and traditions of the U.S. Navy. The annual dues are: Student/Teacher Membership: $25 Individual Membership: $35 Family Membership: $75 Sustaining Membership: $150 Organizational Membership: $250 Life Membership: $500 Patron Membership: $1,000 Members receive Foundation’s publications Pull Together and Navy Museum News and are entitled to receive the electronic publications Naval History Book Reviews and WE-PULL TOGETHER by contacting Dave Colamaria at dcolamaria@navyhistory.org. Help make a difference! Please consider giving a gift membership to a friend or associate. Each person to whom you give a membership will receive the Foundation’s publications for a year, plus a personal letter from the Foundation’s president, Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell, noting that the membership was given by you. Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation, © 2013. Editorial Board President, NHF: Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell USN (Ret.) Executive Director: Capt. Charles T. Creekman, Jr. USN (Ret.) Executive Editor: Dr. David F. Winkler Editorial Board: Dr. David Winkler, Capt. Creekman, Dave Colamaria Copyeditor: Catherine S. Malo Designer: Steven Lovass-Nagy

_______________________________________________________ New member’s name and rank _______________________________________________________ Street Address/Duty Station _______________________________________________________ City/State/ZIP _______________________________________________________ e-mail (if known) This is a gift from:_________________________________________ Membership application and renewal may also be accomplished online at www.navyhistory.org. Dues and other monetary contributions to the Foundation are tax deductible. Please make check payable to the Naval Historical Foundation and mail to NHF, 1306 Dahlgren Ave, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055. Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, 1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE, Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055. Phone: (202) 678-4333. E-mail: nhfwny@ navyhistory.org. Subscription is a benefit of membership in the Naval Historical Foundation. Opinions expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Naval Historical Foundation.

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