Learning From Water: Testing Infrastructures of Care in the Southern Murray Darling Basin by ndabic

Learning From Water: Testing Infrastructures of Care in the Southern Murray Darling Basin Archive

ABPL90066 Independent Design Thesis By Nenad Dabic Academic Supervisor Alan Pert Student ID 898716

Learning From Water: Testing Infrastructures of Care in the Southern Murray Darling Basin Archive

ABPL90066 Independent Design Thesis By Nenad Dabic Academic Supervisor Alan Pert Student ID 898716

Learning From Water

Contents

Independent Thesis Proposal

pp. 6-17

Revised Thesis Statement

pp. 18-21

Cosmic View

pp. 22-45

Goulburn-Broken Catchment

pp. 46-49

Site - Winton Wetlands

pp. 50-57

Site - The Narrows

pp. 58-65

Detail

pp. 66-71

Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

pp. 72-75

Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

pp. 84-97

Major Project - Museum of Natural History

pp. 98-117

Q & A - Pezo von Ellrichshausen

pp. 118-121

Minor Project 1 - Rice's Weir

pp. 122-129

Minor Project 2 - Dharnya Centre

pp. 130-137

Concept Design Feedback Notes

pp. 138-141

Sketch Design - Refined Approach

pp. 142-153

Major Project Development

pp. 154-165

Minor Project 1 Development

pp. 166-171

Minor Project 2 Development

pp. 174-179

Sketch Design Feedback

pp. 180-183

Resolving The Design Thesis

pp. 184-283

Bibliography

pp. 284-287

Independent Thesis Proposal

Learning From Water

Goulburn Weir, constructed in 1891. In 1987 the weir was upgraded with 9 new steel and concrete pier radial gates with respect to the heritage of the original weir. The basalt stone steps remain. Photographed April 2020

01 - Independent Thesis Proposal

Context

(Independent Thesis Proposal) “Water was drained for pasture or crop and diverted from swamps, which dried back. Settlers stripped sheltering scrub, stock trampled protecting edges, wet spots silted up or were ploughed in. Dams and irrigation often replace what was once there anyway. The changes let drought bite harder” - Bill Gamage, The Biggest Estate on Earth.

Drought is a natural phenomenon embedded in the landscape andidentity of Australia. Anthropogenic interactions with water flows and resources in the driest inhabited continent have far and wide been a matter of contention (socially, economically & environmentally). The aim of this design thesis investigates, through an architectural lens, the exchanges between humans and water in the Australian context. The broad area of research encompasses the Southern Murray-Darling basin analysing human settlements, engineered landscapes, agricultural, hydrological, and transport infrastructures that have permanently altered the surface of the earth.

of competing forces of macro politics, complexities of landscape, and demand in irrigation supply. Shifting in gradual increments from a macro-scale understanding of the region to more site-specific and architecturally relevant nodes, this design thesis will thoroughly investigate these precarious sites and their interaction with broader socio-ecological systems. Strategic locations of repair will be developed and refined, which proposes postindustrial hybrid futures. Some of these structures may include, however, are not limited to: regional shelters, regenerative farming complexes, real-time water flow centres, watertreatment plants, power stations, observatories, museums, light-weight irrigation structures, adaptive-reuse of obsolete infrastructure and underground cisterns.

Amid the backdrop of massive stress and dislocation evident in rural Australia, I argue that there is more to the role of architecture in these landscapes than the sole building of civic infrastructure and strained attempts at reinventing the identity of regional hubs through tourism and recreation. In the same vein as archaeology, the perceptive skills architects acquire over years of training allow them to critically engage with the built environment and understand the underlying processes hidden beneath the surface. Reframing the cultivated In semester 1, rigorous research was undertaken to form a landscape as the bedrock of our contemporary lifestyles holistic understanding of the region. Three key case study provides impetus to contextualise forgotten territories of the sites were ascertained for a more in-depth examination, periphery. documenting the complexities of place, the cultural traditions and practices, and their multi-layered existence. The The aim of this design thesis looks at the plumbed regions symbiosis of these seemingly disparate case study sites of the southern Murray-Darling Basin as a case study site offers a narrative of how perceptions of land have drastically to find new meanings and reformulations of built existence in the landscape. This design thesis will question and test changed throughout recent history. These include: past and existing tectonic culture in the region through 1. The Goulburn Weir and its expanded network of irrigation architectural methods with a particular focus on agriculture channels. It is the first major diversion structure built for and water-infrastructure. Mapping, drawing, model-making, irrigation in Australia and has paved the way for massive and material processes will be techniques used to document swathes of arable land. Additionally, It’s tectonic qualities the built artefacts, palimpsests, and residual landscapes of the southern Murray-Darling Basin. Consequently, an archive are of particular interest. 2. Winton Wetlands and the surrounding ranges that of material will be interrogated to inspire and synthesise an cradle its ecology. Formally known as Lake Mokoan architectural approach of rehabilitation. in the recent past, the site was dammed by 7km earth embankment, which was decommissioned in 2010 due to cyanobacterial blooms. The wetlands are currently in a state of rehabilitation. 3. ‘The Narrows,’ which is a section of the mid-Murray that consist of numerous significant wetlands and is a collision

Learning From Water

Case study sites - South-East/Upper section of the Southern Murray-Darling Basin S: 1/1,000,000

01 - Independent Thesis Proposal

Architectural Inquiry (Independent Thesis Proposal)

"Learning from the existing landscape is a way of being 3. Like the collective nature of these infrastructures operating revolutionary for an architect. Not the obvious way, which is to within an expanded network of dams, rivers, channels, and tear down Paris and begin again, as Le Corbusier suggested in locks, how can a suite of architectural projects of varying the 1920s, but another, more tolerant way; that is, to question scales work symbiotically across varying sites? how we look at things." - Brown, Izenour, Venturi, Learning From Las Vegas

At the core, this thesis takes a deep interest in the intersections between infrastructure and its increasingly rooted inscription in architecture. It responds to a recent call by Laurent Stalder and Carlotta Daro1, seeking to formulate a new and integrated framework for architectural design and production amid rapid technological transformations over the last 200 years. This thesis will investigate the formation of large-scale water infrastructure in the Murray-Darling Basin as case studies to explore how architecture can learn from these building practises and interventions in the landscape. These structures often associated with civil, mechanical, and hydraulic engineering have provided the modern metropolis' ability to grow at unprecedented scales through advanced irrigation networks and domestic water supply. Despite their influence on urbanity and fundamentally tectonic qualities, these modern temples of the periphery bare little presence in architectural discourse. Weirs, dams, irrigation channels, earth-works, embankments, and offtake regulators, in this thesis, are therefore all artefacts deemed legitimate forms for architectural interrogation. Adopting a design methodology like in the examination of the commercial strip in Learning From Las Vegas2, this thesis will study these large-scale water infrastructures asking a set of key questions for architecture: 1. In the design, formation, and reuse of weirs and dams, does there exist space for architectural intervention beyond the conventionally utilitarian role of these infrastructures? 2. Can architecture learn and appropriate construction techniques used in the formation of these infrastructures in useful applications? If so, in what forms? 1 Laurent Stalder, Carlotta Daro. "Eight Points on Infrastructure and Architecture." In Infrastructure Space, edited by Ilka & Andreas Ruby. Berlin: Ruby Press, 2017. 2 Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, Steven Izenour. Learning from Las Vegas. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1972.

Learning From Water

01 - Independent Thesis Proposal

Goulburn Weir Cyanotype on watercolour paper 42 x 29.7 cm

Learning From Water

01 - Independent Thesis Proposal

Winton Wetlands Cyanotype on watercolour paper 42 x 29.7 cm

Learning From Water

01 - Independent Thesis Proposal

The Narrows Cyanotype on watercolour paper 42 x 29.7 cm

Thesis Statement

Learning From Water

Learning From Water: Testing Infrastructures of Care in the Southern Murray Darling Basin

02 - Revised Thesis Statement

Learning From Water investigates the anthropogenic forms of the southern Murray-Darling Basin. It attempts to reformulate a narrative - amongst many competing ones - of this vast region and its bindings with our cities. Amid the backdrop of exorbitant attempts at governing water scarcity and massive stress evident in rural Australia1, this thesis will test structures and infrastructures of care2 that may reverse water management's polarising processes. Davies' and Lawrence's anthropological study compares the basin's modified watercourses as "elongated machines."3 It becomes apparent that distant features in this vast landscape are parts of macro inter-related networks. The ongoing management of waterways and reservoirs, inflows, and outflows, is unavoidable - and the idea of a secondnature is omnipresent. Acknowledging the dynamism of the Anthropocene, how does architecture navigate such a complicated situation? This thesis presents a series of architectural drawings, maps, and details that traverse from the scale of geopolitics to the detailed design of civil engineering. The Narrows, a significant stretch of the Mid-Murray, is treated as a case study testing a series of architecturally scaled landscape infrastructures. They explore architecture's relationship with water and attempt to mediate the effects of 20th-century interventionism to one of sensitivity and repair. 1 Simons, Margaret. Cry Me a River: The Tragedy of the Murray-Darling Basin. Quarterly Essay. Carlton: Morry Schwartz, 2020, p. 4. 2 Frichot, Helene. "Infrastructural Love and Other Architectural Affects." In MSD at HOME: Melbourne Speaks, edited by Melbourne School of Design, 2020. Forum. 3 Davies, Peter, and Susan Lawrence. "Engineered Landscapes of the Southern Murrayâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Darling Basin: Anthropocene Archaeology in Australia." The Anthropocene Review 6, no. 3 (2019): 179-206.

Cosmic View

Learning From Water

A prevalent gap exists between the desiccated water accounting language - the "pump and drain" water managers' mentality4 - and locals' intimate experience of the landscape. Macro-policy from Canberra dictates the rules of water-trading. However, it remains impenetrable to the outsider. Finding out how the system works in any particular area, catchment, or locality is almost impossible. This condition has caused significant dislocation throughout the region.

4 "A pipe used to irrigate cotton...Drought has prevented dry-cropping" Adam Ferguson, 2019

Foran, Barney. "Cry Me a River - Correspondence." Quarterly Essay, 2020, 105.

03 - Cosmic View

A cosmic view5, a seminal concept coined by Kees Boeke, becomes a propitious approach to bridging this divide. The role of architecture, in this case, may offer alternatives to the often simplistic binaries between irrigated agriculture and wetland ecosystems - or city-based views against rural understandings.

Boeke, Kees. Cosmic View: The Universe in 40 Jumps. New York: The John Day Company, 1957.

"Cosmic View: The Universe in 40 Jumps" Kees Boeke, 1957

Learning From Drought

Lachlan

Condamine-Balonne

Moonie Border Rivers

Paroo

Gwydir

Namoi Barwon-Darling

Lower Darling

MacquarieCastlereagh

Lachlan

Lower Murray

Murrumbidgee Mid Murray Wimmera

LoddonAvoca

GoulburnBroken

Campaspe

Ovens

Kiewa

MittaMitta

Upper Murray

03 - Cosmic View

Last semester, this cosmic view was adopted through a series of mapping exercises to contextualise the basin spatially, it's series of catchments, and anthropogenic interactions with the natural water systems. Each map, an incremental and careful step from the last, entities in the landscape, the geomorphology, the dynamic water system, and subsequent water extraction began to emerge.

Catchments in the Murray-Darling Basin S: 1/15,000,000

Learning From Water

Water-Cycle In the Murray-Darling Basin

Note: 1 gigalitre = 1 billion litres (1e+9) The average annual rainfall in the Murray-Darling Basin supplies about 508,000 gigalitres of fresh water, of which 94 per cent evaporates or transpires. In some seasons, more evaporates than falls as rain. About 2 per cent of the rain recharges groundwater aquifers. The remaining 4 per cent, or about 24,000 gigalitres, runs into streams and rivers, which is roughly the volume of water contained in Port Phillip Bay. Another 1200 gigalitres or so is transferred from elsewhere, such as from the reliable waters of the Snowy River, diverted beneath the Great Dividing Range to the Murray and Murrumbidgee, making possible the rich green irrigation areas of Griffith and Leeton. Total water use by humans in the Basin, some from ground-water but mostly from the rivers, is 12,903 gigalitres a year, or about half the volume of water contained in Port Phillip Bay. Most of that is for agriculture. About 5000 gigalitres flows to the sea. These are only averages, the large figures give us a sense of the immense scale of the Murray Darling Basin. However, they do not tell us anything about any particular year, or any particular place. In a country divided by water politics, macro policy goverened in Canberra offers us little knowledge about the complexities of landscape and the sensitive ecologies that are embedded across the basin.

Annual Rainfall (av.) in the Murray-Darling Basin 508,000 GL / 20 Port Phillip Bays (apx.)

03 - Cosmic View

Water Runoff into rivers and streams

Total Water Use by humans

24,000 GL / 1 Port Phillip Bays (apx.)

12,903 GL / 0.5 Port Phillip Bays (apx.)

*0.5

Learning From Drought

Boreholes (dots)

Irrigation Network

Reservoirs

Large-Scale Water Infrastructure S: 1 /6,000,000

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Willandra Lakes Region Grampians National Park Budj Bim | Mt Eccles Castlemaine Diggings Great Ocean Road Echuca Wharf Australian Alps

National Heritage Sites & Relationship to Watercourses S: 1 /6,000,000 30

3. 5.

03 - Cosmic View

Railway (bold)

Electricity transmission (dashed)

Road network (fine)

Transport, Urban & Power Infrastructure S: 1 /6,000,000

Existing Extent of Native Vegetation S: 1 /6,000,000 31

Learning From Water

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

N Malmsbury

N Evansford

Y 1868

Y 1870

Y 1887

Y 1890

C Loddon

C Campaspe

C Loddon

C Goulburn-Broken

1. N

Spring Gully

13. Goulburn Weir

20. N

Y 1903

Y 1928

Y 1934

Y 1940

Y 1954

C Campaspe

C Murrumbidgee

C Lachlan

14.

N Newlyn

N Wartook

N Laanecoorie

Y 1869

Y 1871

Y 1887

Y 1891

C Loddon

C Campaspe

C Wimmera

C Loddon

3. N

Expedition Pass

VIC

H 12m H 11m VIC

VIC

H 22m

11.

VIC

1950

N Bogolong

10.

H 14m

1940

16.

Barkers Creek

1930

N Burrinjuck

1920 15.

Upper Coliban

H 18m H 24m H 17m H 15m H 30m VIC VIC VIC VIC 2.

1910

VIC

H 91m

NSW

H 11m

NSW

24. Lake Endeavour

H 21m

NSW

Lake Rowlands

H 20m

17.

21.

25.

N Hume

N Lauriston

N Guthega

Y 1905

Y 1936

Y 1941

Y 1955

C Goulburn-Broken

C Campaspe

C Snowy

H 12m

H 51m

Waranga Basin

VIC

Mid Murray NSW

18.

H 33m

VIC

H 34m

22.

26.

NSW

N Crusoe

N Junction

N Eildon

Y 1869

Y 1873

Y 1892

Y 1938

Y 1945

Y 1956

C Loddon

C Campaspe

C Murrumbidgee

C Kiewa

C Goulburn-Broken

H 18m H 12m VIC

VIC

Campaspe Weir

H 13m

VIC

12. N

Captains Flat

H 16m

NSW

19. Junction Reefs

Yarrawonga Weir

H 26m

VIC

H 83m

23.

27.

N Loombah

Y 1897

Y 1939

Y 1946

Y 1956

C Lachlan

C Goulburn-Broken

C Loddon

H 19m

H 22m

H 14m

H 44m

NSW

Mid Murray VIC

VIC

Cairn Curran

VIC

28. N Clover Y 1956 C Kiewa H 20m

VIC

29. N Eucumbene Y 1958 C Snowy H 116m

NSW

30. N

Tumut Pond

Y 1958 C Murrumbidgee H 45m

NSW

31. N

Happy Jack

Y 1959 C Murrumbidgee H 29m

NSW

32. N Tantangara Y 1959 C Murrumbidgee

H 45m

NSW

03 - Cosmic View

1960 33.

1970

1980

1990

35.

44.

50.

59.

60.

N McCay

N Bellfield

N Carcoar

N Dartmouth

N Cadiangullong

Y 1959

Y 1960

Y 1966

Y 1970

Y 1980

Y 1998

C Kiewa

C Loddon

C Wimmera

C Lachlan

Rocky Valley

H 32m H 30m VIC 34.

36.

N Tullaroop

Y 1959 C Loddon H 41m

VIC

H 55m

VIC

H 52m

NSW

Mitta Mitta

H 25m

45.

51.

59.

N Nillahcootie

N Wyangla

N Sandhurst

Y 1961

Y 1967

Y 1971

Y 1984

C Goulburn-Broken

C Lachlan

C Loddon

H 34m

H 82m H 26m NSW

Deep Creek

Upper Murray

H 21m

NSW

VIC

37.

46.

52.

N Tooma

N Jindabyne

Y 1961

Y 1967

Y 1971

C Snowy

C Murrumbidgee

Upper Murray

H 67m

NSW

38. N

Tumut 2

H 72m

NSW

53.

N Blowering

N Mokoan

Y 1968

Y 1971

C Murrumbidgee

C Goulburn-Broken

H 67m

H 112m

NSW

H 11m

39.

48.

54.

N Eppalock

N Jounama

Y 1964

Y 1968

Y 1973

C Campaspe

C Murrumbidgee

C Ovens

H 45m

H 44m

VIC

NSW

William Hovell

H 35m

VIC

49.

N Buffalo

Y 1965

Y 1968

Y 1974

C Ovens

C Goulburn-Broken

VIC

41. N

55. Murray 2

Upper Murray

H 43m

NSW

McCall Say

H 23m

VIC

Timeline of the construction of largescale dams in the SMDB

56. Island Bend

N Googong

Y 1965

Y 1977

C Snowy

C Murrumbidgee

H 49m

NSW

H 67m

NSW

42.

57.

N Khancoban

N Waterhouse

Y 1965

Y 1978

C Goulburn-Broken

Upper Murray

H 18m

NSW

H 17m

43.

58.

N Geehi

N Dartmouth

Y 1966

Y 1979

Upper Murray

H 91m

NSW

VIC

40.

H 31m

NSW

Y 1961

NSW

H 43m

Talbingo x 2

H 162m & 35m

47.

VIC

2000

VIC

Mitta Mitta

H 180m

VIC

Learning From Water

03 - Cosmic View Existing Aerial View of Goulburn Weir, Nearmaps

(Left) Waranga Basin, Goulburn Valley - Painting by Leonhard Adam - 1941 (Right) Early irrigation map ca 1900 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

(Left) Diversion offtake in construction - 1970 (Right) Family standing outside destroyed home post floods 1914 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

Goulburn Weir S: 1/200,000

Goulburn Weir maintenance work - 1986 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

20 (km)

03 - Cosmic View

1. Infrastructure 2. Bioregions 3. Tree-Density 4. Heritage Sites

Goulburn Weir S: 1/400,000

40 (km)

Learning From Water

03 - Cosmic View Existing Aerial View of Winton Wetlands / disused Lake Mokoan - 2010 Nearmaps

(Left) Embankments, culverts, earthfill areas and outlet tower during construction - 1969 (Right) Aerial Photograph of diversion channel into Lake Mokoan - 1970 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

(Left) Aerial View of Earth Embankment - 1974 (Right) Sydney-Melbourne Trainline Culvert in construction 1969 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

Winton Wetlands S: 1/200,000

Distant view of Lake Mokan from hill - 1971 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

20 (km)

03 - Cosmic View

1. Infrastructure 2. Bioregions 3. Tree-Density 4. Fire History

Winton Wetlands S: 1/400,000

40 (km)

Learning From Water

03 - Cosmic View Existing Aerial View of the Barmah and Moira Lake wetland system located within the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Narrowsâ&#x20AC;? Nearmaps

Scenes in the Barmah State Forest - 1940 State Rivers and Water Supply Commision

(Left) Flooded river red gum forest looking downstream Tullah Creek 1940-ca. State Rivers and Water Supply Commision (Right) Reproduced land subdivision map from 1837 near Barmah State Forest Department of Crown Lands and Survey, 1935

The Narrows S: 1/200,000

European portrayal of First Nations people fishing along the Murray near Lake Moira,

20 (km)

Samuel Calvert, 1872 State Library of Victoria 43

Learning From Water

03 - Cosmic View

1. Infrastructure 2. Bioregions 3. Tree-Density 4. Fire History

The Narrows S: 1/400,000

40 (km)

Goulburn-Broken Catchment

2. 4.

04 - Goulburn-Broken Catchment

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The Narrows (Barmah-Choke) Winton Wetlands Goulburn Weir Waranga Basin Lake Eildon

Goulburn-Broken Water Catchment S: 1/800 000

50 (km)

This semester, I have focused on Winton Wetlands and The Narrows as potential sites for a cohesive architectural response, further uncovering the hidden complexities and rich histories of these landscapes. The proposal's relationship to the broader catchment of the GoulburnBroken river valley will be critical.

Legend

River

Creek / Stream

Irrigation Channel

Native Vegetation Border

Weir / Dam

Disused Weir / Dam 49

Winton Wetlands

10. 3. 9. 2.

1. 7.

6. 5. 8.

05 - Winton Wetlands

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Site 1 - Farming Zone - Private Dams Site 2 - Existing Cafe & Information Centre Site 3 - Proposed Rural Living Zone Decomission Earth Embankment Outlet Channel Sergeants Swamp Winton Swamp Ashmeads Swamp Greens Swamp Boggy Creek Swamp Duck Pond Lunette Lookout

Winton Wetlands Proposed Sites S: 1/50 000

0.5

Winton Wetlands, formally known as Lake Mokoan, consists of a series of ancient ephemeral swamps that the agricultural industry has impaired. A 7km earth embankment dammed the site in the 70s, which the government decommissioned in 2010 due to repetitive cyanobacterial blooms1. The decommissioning was materialised by a surgical concrete outlet on the Northern end of the earthen dam returning water back into the natural watercourse. Once a meeting place for trade, corroborees, and rich in traditional food sources for aboriginal families, the current site is in a state of rehabilitation through government incentive and stimulus2. A seemingly desolate landscape to the passer-by driving along the Hume Fwy, the site beams flora and fauna with a rich orchestra of birds and mammals coming to feed on the rare native grasses. 1 Authority, Goulburn Broken Catchment Management. Mokoan Return to Wetland: Technical Summary on Flood ing Impacts. Shepparton, 2008, 14. 2 "Project Overview." 2019, accessed 2020/09/01, https:// wintonwetlands.org.au/winton-wetlands-project/proj ect-overview/.

4 (km)

05 - Winton Wetlands

1. 2. 3.

Site 1 - Farming Zone - Private Dams Site 2 - Existing Cafe & Information Centre Site 3 - Proposed Rural Living Zone

Three sites of interest on the Northern edge of the wetland system have inspired potential designed interventions: 1. An empty elongated lot within a farming zone with existing private dams. 2. An existing cafe and visitors center lacking invitation and community involvement, and 3. A rural living zone posing future residential development next to the wetlands

Winton Wetlands Proposed Sites S: 1/10 000

100

200

500

1000 (m)

Learning From Water

Aerials obtained from www.nearmap.com

05 - Winton Wetlands

1. 2. 3.

Site 1 - Farming Zone - Private Dams Site 2 - Existing Cafe & Information Centre Site 3 - Proposed Rural Living Zone

Winton Wetlands Proposed Sites

The Narrows

3. 6.

06 - The Narrows

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Site 1 - Rice's Weir Site 2 - Muster Yards & Dharnya Centre Lake Barmah Lake Moira Millewa National Park Barmah Natonal Park

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Proposed Sites S: 1/50 000

Similarly, the Narrows is a natural wetlands site north of the town of Barmah along the midsection of the Murray River. It is a microcosm of the region with traces of engineered intervention, old heritage buildings and structures, local narratives, and indigenous and colonial cultural significance. The vast floodplain which feeds the most extensive river red gum forest on the continent was formed by a geological uplift of land West of the forest that occurred 25000 years ago. It exists as an icon site as part of the Living Murray program and is one of the few success stories of the Murray-Darling Basin plan1. However, it remains a contentious issue, particularly for local irrigators who perceive the environmental water returns to these floodplains as a complete waste and devastation of the forest. Floods, which occurred once in every five-ten years, now happen on an annual basis, returning to a more pre-colonial state.

1 0.5

Murray-Darling Basin Authority. Fact Sheet: The Living Murray Program. Canberra, Australian Goverment, 2011.

4 (km)

1. 3.

06 - The Narrows

1. 2. 3. 4.

Site 1 - Rice's Weir and 'Kingfisher Cruises'' Site 2 - Muster Yards & Dharnya Centre Broken Creek Murray River

There is, however, an opportunity for an architectural response, particularly in the context of river revitalisation and disused infrastructure. Along a natural elevated platform adjacent to the Lower Broken Creek, the first surveyors delineated land suited for agricultural, grazing, and redgum harvesting practices. Wedged into the forest pointing North towards Lake Moira and Lake Barmah, this subdivided artefact poses both symbolic and experiential thresholds between the cultivated landscape and rich natural ecosystems.

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Proposed Sites S: 1/10 000

100

200

500

1000 (m)

Learning From Water

Aerials obtained from www.nearmap.com

06 - The Narrows

Three sites have been identified for a series of hybrid interventions: 1. Site 1 & 2 - Tourism Facility (centre) & Rice's weir (bottom right) 2. Site 3 - Muster Yards & Dharnya Centre disused / dilapidated (Bottom)

An existing private eco-tourism facility

2. Rice's Weir a current fishway and regulating weir pond 3.

The Muster Yards cattle station & Dharnya Centre which are currently disused structures subject to bureaucratic control and termite infestation

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Proposed Sites

Detail

Learning From Water

Jorn Utzon, Sydney Opera House, spherical model from which all shells are derived Studies in Tectonic Culture: The Poetics of Construction, p. 278

"Temperature gradient of frame-profile alternatives." in Ji Hyun Oh, Hyun Jung Yoo, Sun Sook Kim. "Evaluation of Strategies to Improve the Thermal Performance of Steel Frames in Curtain Wall Systems." Energies 9, no. 1055 (2016): 13.

07 - Detail

On the question of detail, this thesis will treat water as the protagonist and drought as the antagonist as a design driver. How impervious surfaces may divert and collect water elevating from the often bland treatment of gutters and rainwater tanks will be critical in the design process. Zaera-Polo's recent provocations as part of the MSD at home series prompts direction regarding this1. He poses the 'poetry of construction'2 as an outdated architectural model and suggests that the performance of detail is more important for architects to study and become experts. Although his convincing tone, I'd argue that tectonic culture has a long tradition in learning from science and engineering to inform built outcomes. However, it would be interesting to apply these methods of embodied energy, water systems, and performance to construction more widely.

1 Zaera-Polo, Alejandro. "New Narratives in the after-Post-Truth Age: Posthumanism, Authen ticity and Conservation." In MSD at HOME. Melbourne, 28/08/2020 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mm5JtvjzJXk&ab_channel=MelbourneSchoolofDesign. 2 Frampton, Kenneth. Studies in Tectonic Culture: The Poetics of Construction in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Architecture. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1995.

Learning From Water

07 - Detail

Louis I. Kahn, Salk Institute Laboratories - Study Models Studies in Tectonic Culture: The Poetics of Construction, p. 237

Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

Learning From Water

08 - Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

Weirs and dams are an ideal precedent to reverse-engineer and extrapolate for this project. The Goulburn Weir, a modest early attempt at diverting water for irrigation, has stood the test of time. Its Victorian attitude stepped with a granite block base, scaled for a cyclopean creature's ascension, bears much artistic expression in its functionality. It's initial 21 cast iron flood gates were converted and replaced by nine radial ones that can release up to 96,000 megalitres of water per day back into the natural river system1. This seamless update suggests an approach of adaptation and reuse.

Goulburn Weir (19th Century) Section S: 1/100

1 "Goulburn Weir." 2007, https://www.g-mwater.com.au/water-resources/catch ments/storages/goulburn/goulburnweir. 10 (m)

Learning From Water

08 - Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

Goulburn Weir (20th Century) Section S: 1/100

10 (m)

Learning From Water

08 - Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

Goulburn Weir (19th Century) Elevation S: 1/100

10 (m)

Learning From Water

08 - Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

Goulburn Weir (20th Century) Elevation S: 1/100

10 (m)

Learning From Water

08 - Goulburn Weir - Precedent Study

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Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

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09 - Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

I've identified three sites for a suite of projects: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Site 1 - Rice's Weir Site 2 - Private eco-tourism facility Site 3 - Dharnya Centre and Muster Yards Existing Red Gum Camping Grounds Lower Broken Creek Murray River

1. An existing private eco-tourism facility, which will form my major project: a museum of natural history 2. Rice's Weir: a current fishway and regulating weir pond which will be subject to adaptation 3.

The Muster Yards cattle station & Dharnya Centre which are currently disused structures subject to bureaucratic control and termite infestation

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Site Plan - Existing S: 1/6000

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Project Matrix & Guide

Major Project Natural History Museum

Minor Project 1 Weir - Adaptive Reuse

Minor Project 2 Dharnya Centre & Muster Yards- Adaptive Reuse

Process

Retention + Diversion

Conversion

Reformation

Infrastructure (of)

Experience

Energy

Care

Subjects / Objects

People, Plants, Trees, Animals, Water, Minerals

People, Fish, Water

People, Plants, Trees, Animals, Water

Scale

Large

Medium

Small

Material

Concrete

Metal & Concrete

Metal

Resolution

1:10

1:50

1:100

09 - Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

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09 - Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

A remarkable condition of the site is its seasonal flooding, highly controlled by macro-water management. On the left are some photographs I took earlier this year that show a lower portion of the forest during flooding and drying.

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Seasonal flooding and ephemeral wetlands

09 - Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Dry Period Moderate rainfall / minor flooding Standard environmental water returns High flooding

On the left are the stages of flooding on the site plan. The proposed sites are located on higher terrain making it less likely to be flooded, particularly in this highly managed landscape.

* please note: due to the highly controlled river system through network of reservoirs, dams and weirs, flooding is only a fraction of what would've been seen pre-colonisation.

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Seasonal Flooding S: 1/12000

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09 - Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

1. 100.7 2. 100.9 3. 101.1 4. 101.3 5. 101.5 6. 101.7 7. 101.9 8. 102.1 9. 102.3 10. 102.5 11. 102.7 12. 102.9 13. 103.1 14. 103.3 15. 103.5 16. 103.7

Due to the highly controlled river system, flooding now is only a fraction of what would've existed before extensive water management.

* levels of flooding are approximations based on macro-elevation data from DELWP. Each increment is 200mm apart in height.

The Narrows (Barmah Choke) Flood Diagrams (Extremities) NTS

Learning From Water

Alluvial Groundwater

Ground water that is hydrologically connected to a surface stream that is present in permeable geologic material, usually small rock and gravel.

Dam

A barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir used to generate electricity or as a water supply.

Aquifer

Underground deposits of sand, gravel, or rock saturated with water. The two major types of aquifers are confined and unconfined.

Depletion

The loss of water from surface water reservoirs or groundwater aquifers at a rate greater than that of recharge.

Artesian Well

A well from which water flows under natural pressure without pumping. It is dug or drilled.

Developed Water

Water that is produced or brought into a water system through the efforts of people, where it would not have entered the water system on its own accord.

Basin

The tract of country drained by a river and its tributaries, or which drains into a lake or sea.

Drought

An extended period with below average precipitation.

Beneficial Use The application of water necessary to accomplish the purpose of the appropriation, without waste. Some common types of beneficial use are agriculture and recreation.

Embankment

A wall or bank of earth or stone built to prevent a river flooding an area or carry a road or railway over an area of low ground.

Best Management Practices

Practices that are technically and economically feasible and for which significant water conservation or water quality benefits can be achieved.

Flashing

A strip of metal used to stop water penetrating the junction of a roof with another surface.

Cistern

A tank or underground reservoir for storing water, especially one supplying taps or as part of a flushing toilet.

HVAC

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort.

Consumptive Use

1. Any use of water that permanently removes water from the natural stream system. 2. Water that has been evaporated, transpired.

Hydraulics

The branch of science and technology concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of mechanical force or control.

09 - Concept Design (Minor & Major Projects)

Hypocaust

An ancient Roman heating system, comprising a hollow space under the floor of a building, into which hot air was directed.

Tanking

tanking involves the application of a waterproofing barrier to the walls, the base slab and in some cases to the roof of the below ground structure.

Irrigation

The supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.

Water Rights

Water entitlements are rights to an ongoing share of water within a system. They can be bought and sold by irrigators, companies or investors.

Overflow

An outlet for excess water.

Raingarden

Rain gardens, also called bioretention facilities, are one of a variety of practices designed to treat polluted stormwater runoff.

Rainwater Head

Small cistern or tank of castiron, lead, etc., also called hopper-head, to collect rainwater from a gutter behind a parapet, before it is discharged to a downpipe.

Roof Catchment

The catchment area is the first point of contact for rainfall. For the vast majority of tank-based rainwater harvesting systems, the catchment area is the roof surface.

Sprinkler (Fire)

A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected

Sustainable diversion limits are Sustainable Diversion Limit how much water, on average, can be used in the Basin by towns, communities, industry and farmers.

Major Project - Museum of Natural History

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564 Moira Lakes Road, Barmah Proposal for museum of natural history

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564 Moira Lakes Road, Barmah Proposal for Museum of Natural History Oblique Axonometric Sketch S: 1/100

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4. 6.

10 - Major Project - Museum of Natural History

1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6.

Existing single storey brick dwelling Existing single storey weatherboard dwelling Storage Shed Storage Shed Water Pump Lower Broken Creek

My major project site is located on a rectangular parcel on the national park's edge adjacent to the existing access road and lower broken creek. The existing structures consist of two dwellings and two storage sheds. There is an existing earth embankment on the west of the parcel, while on the East - a gradual fall towards the lower broken creek.

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10 - Major Project - Museum of Natural History

This grid layout depicts the existing logic and alignment of the structures on site, which follow the very slight shift in contour direction. I believe this is a critical gesture because imbued in it is this action of retention, and the subtle shifts in the landscape. It also runs parallel to the geological uplift, the Cadell Fault West of the site.

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3. 2.

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Museum of Natural History Section S: 1/750

1. Entry - Retained roof structures from existing buildings 2. Sheltered Courtyard 3. Loggia 4. Gallery & Spaces for Rent 5. Seed bank & conservatory 6. Arboretum with expressed gutters 7. Cistern

Museum of Natural History Concept Site Plan S: 1/1000

The proposed museum of natural history becomes an exercise in perception and experience. The project follows this action of water retention and diversion with an elongated single-story form alluring visitors while also collecting a large area of rainwater. The two existing dwellings become the entry sequence into the architecture where only the roof forms remain: creating a series of courtyards or sheltered spaces. A loggia with a gallery creates an experiental journey that filters views of the arboretum to the East. The arboretum is divided by a series of expressed gutters that will partition mixed forests and microclimates. As you reach the end, there is a seed bank for preserving the wetlands' rare species following a rainwater cistern, which will form an outdoor auditorium.

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I made some models showing the existing condition and proposed concept layout to simultaneously test the proposed form and accentuate the subtle shifts in elevation.

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10 - Major Project - Museum of Natural History

The section of the gallery and loggia becomes an incredibly critical tool to scrutinize. On the left is a slightly postmodern catalogue of diagrams with varying roof profiles and brise soleil exploring this question about detail and performance. As catchment and retention is an action which drives this project, how do you decide where to go next? All of these options have the same rain catchment area - does it then become a question about proportion and material? Should it be abstracted to its bare essentials? Does it refer to any vernacular techniques, or should it be something completely new?

Natural History Museum Section Studies S: 1/200

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Q & A - Pezo von Ellrichshausen

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Less Pavillion, Model Pezo von Ellrichshausen, Canberra, 2020

"LESS is a structure designed by Chilean art and architecture studio Pezo von Ellrichshausen; made from water, plants and concrete. Its final form brings together these elements equally. It is a modest but important experiment â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a prototype that will set a new tone and direction for future works at Dairy Road by providing learnings on how nature and built-form can better work together as one." - Dairy Road Project, Thursday 17th September

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A live-streamed conversation with Pezo von Ellrichshausen was made on the 17th of September, 2020 as part of the large and long-term rezoning project for "Dairy Road" in Canberra. Towards the end of the conversation there was a Q&A, where I asked a specific question relating to how they mediated between water, structure and people. On the right is a record of my question, their response and some further reflections.

11 - Q & A - Pezo von Ellrichshausen

thats quite relevant towards the ambition of this project. Ultimately, it's up to every one of those individuals to decide how to engage with the structure. It is full of potential, It has the possibility of running water, of still water, reflecting water, conquering plants around it, and gardens. The life that is going to conquer it depends ND: Thank you so much for your time and superb very much on the users. We are looking forward to the presentation. The fluid movement between art practice construction and to actually verifying, and how over time and architecture is very inspiring. Something that and seasons, this structure is going to behave. has been resonating with me is this interest in scale, proximity, and a kind of "cosmic zoom" approach to space. You mention this oscillation of experience when you traverse across your projects, and it seems this idea is omnipresent, particularly in the very meditated frames. Could you perhaps talk more about this oscillation in your projects? And how did you navigate the competing demands of varying subjects (water, humans, plants, fauna) in the LESS building? MP: What we like, and I think its connected to the previous concern about the solidity and stability over time of concrete, which makes it closer to perhaps stone construction. We like to think that there is an inorganic nature in the world that one is conquering the other, that we as animals are conquering certain infrastructures: a hill, or a tree - well thats organic. But there is an overlap between life and death, between the mineral dimension of the world and the organic dimension of the world. I think that water is that element inbetween those vectors. As Sofia was mentioning, there is always a tension between the opposite forces. So the spiritual force is trying to pull up the energies, and elevate matter through geometry, structure, mathematics and engineering. But then nature, and ultimately entropy, tends to pull things down. So I think architecture is always a negotiating and mediation device, and its also negiotiating those natural forces. SVE: I think also in terms of this structure of framing, if you look at the LESS pavillion, its really open frames. They don't close themselves in the upper part, and I think

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Minor Project 1 - Rice's Weir

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12 - Minor Project 1 - Rice's Weir

Rice's Weir Proposal for bridge and micro-hydro plant

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Rice's Weir Proposal for bridge and micro-hydro plant Perspective Sketch

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12 - Minor Project 1 - Rice's Weir

Rice's Weir Proposal for bridge and micro-hydro plant Axonometric Sketch

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Minor Project 2 - Muster Yards & Dharnya Centre

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13 - Minor Project 2 - Dharnya Centre

Muster Yards & Dharnya Centre Alterations & Additions

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13 - Minor Project 2 - Dharnya Centre

With an attached covered walkway, a concrete spine performs as a barrier against flooding and wildfires that connects the existing accommodation, the Dharnya Centre, and dam on site.

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yellow blue

The grid of the existing redgum columns within the Dharnya centre is extended through a steel frame, which celebrates the initiative's former glory. The local Yorta-Yorta community, which has strong roots in this ancient landscape, used it as a hub for gathering and cultural tourism.

existing proposed

The concrete wall may provide access to a second level elevating views to the wetlands' canopy, amplifying a museological experience of the landscape and curved redgum roof.

Dharnya Centre North-West Elevation - Sketch S: 1/100

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Concept Design Feedback

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Feedback (Concept Design Presentation): Positives • Matrix of the three projects (1xmajor, 2xminor) is a very good guide and will become part of a tightening process • Site analysis is extensive and thorough • Thesis statement is clear and has refined greatly from previous iterations

Things to address/improve • Could have included sketches of the third project (Dharnya Centre) as part of the presentation • Concept diagram and grid axis of the major project (p. 106) seemed to lack reasoning, could back this up more with drawings, how it was derived and explored as a critical gesture. • Precedent studies could help position the work a bit further, particularly in regards to how engineering forms have informed architectural projects • Is this project about an engineered response to remediation or and architectural synthesis in research? or is it both? If so, how do the two communicate between each other? • "Drought" is a misnomer in the title as it brings connotations of death, the apocalyspe, arid landscapes, yet the project and research doesn't really go into detail in drought

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Strategies moving forward • Expand on the idea of "second nature" in the project, particularly how this project can become a mediation device between the organic environment and the anthropogenic one could be a strategy to address issues with detail and section • Further explore architectural precedents that draw inspiration from engineered structures and how they have been translated into architectural forms • Amplify the idea of flatness in the project, perhaps exagerrating the gutter and drainage systems • Include flooding and the river as a vital part of the project • Introduce more poetic themes in the presentation, perhaps this can be through the idea of second nature

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Sketch Design - Refined Approach

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Davies' and Lawrence's anthropological study compares the basin's modified watercourses as "elongated machines."1 The extensive geoengineering of the past 200 years is totally apparent. Geographically distant features are reconsidered as parts of interrelated networks enabling the extent of human intervention in physical and natural systems.

"Elongated machines" Goulburn-Broken map and photograph of floodplains, 2020 1 Davies, Peter, and Susan Lawrence. "Engineered Landscapes of the Southern Murrayâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Darling Basin: Anthropocene Archaeology in Australia." The Anthropocene Review 6, no. 3 (2019): 179-206. https://doi. org/10.1177/2053019619872826.v

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Acknowledging the dynamism of the Anthropocene, how does architecture navigate such a complicated situation? Mary Miss' series of installations titled Perimeters / Pavillions / Decoys, hints an approach to landscape in art and architectural practice which undermine the rigid polarity between artificial and natural environments2.

" Perimeters / Pavillions / Decoys" Mary Miss, 1977 - 1978

2 Hamill, Sarah. "'The Skin of the Earth': Mary Miss's Untitled 1973/75 and the Politics of Precarity." Oxford Art Journal 41, no. 2 (2018).

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Project Matrix & Guide

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Major Project Natural History Museum

Minor Project 1 Weir - Adaptive Reuse

Minor Project 2 Dharnya Centre & Muster Yards- Adaptive Reuse

Process

Retention + Diversion

Conversion

Reformation

Infrastructure (of)

Experience

Energy

Care

Subjects / Objects

People, Plants, Trees, Animals, Water, Minerals

People, Fish, Water

People, Plants, Trees, Animals, Water

Scale

Large

Medium

Small

Material

Concrete (Dam building)

Metal (Formwork)

Resolution

1:10

1:50

1:100

15 - Sketch Design - Refined Approach

"Boxing For Concrete" Formwork can be used as a language to inform the details of the minor projects, more temporary structures

"Wall Forms" In-situ concrete walls take on a similar language to large scale water infrastructure, potential connection to the major project

Source: Lloyd, C. The Australian Carpenter. Melbourne: Macmillan, 1953.

Flood gates in construction. typical example of in-situ concrete embedded in the landscape. Metal gates used to modulate water flows.

Temporary metal formwork for large scale concrete construction in place: potential for the minor projects as a way to connect the three projects

Source: https://www.awmawatercontrol. com.au/gallery/ environmental/

Source: https://theconstructor.org/ building/formwork-safe-practices-checklist/9547/

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Engineered Study:

Munitions blast defense walls

Defense Explosive Factory Maribyrnong Source: "Maribyrnong Mayor Supports Plan to Make Old Bomb Factory Central to Olympic Games Bid." Herald Sun, 2016, accessed 03 Oct 2020, https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/north-west/maribyrnong-mayor-supports-plan-to-make-old-bomb-factory-central-to-olympic-games-bid/ news-story/7ec35d31bb4ff8d6335afc03a1c0f555.

Earth mound blast walls were constructed as a form of protection against explosions in many 20th century Australian military infrastructures. A series of them can be found in Melbourne such as "Jack's Magazine" and the Maribyrnong "Defense Explosive Factory". It is interesting how they become an architectural element cradeling each building.

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Architecture:

Phillip Island House

Phillip Island House, Barrie Marshall, 1983 Source: "Phillip Island House (1983) Revisited." Architecture AU, 2012, https://architectureau.com/articles/phillip-island-house-by-denton-corker-marshall/#.

Barrie Marshall's Phillip Island House challenge's traditional notions of a holiday home by incorporating an architectural language of earth mounds and concrete bunkers that are embedded in the landscape. Although he never explicity mentions the influences, there is a strong connection to defense systems such as earth mound blast walls and bomb shelters, however appropriated in a way for domestic use.

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Engineered Study:

WWII Defense Bunkers

WWII Bunkers in Bunker Archeology, Paul Virilio, 1976 Source: Virilio, Paul. Bunker Archeology. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1967.

Paul Virilio's seminal text, "Bunker Archeology", investigates the forms of WWII nazi bunkers along the coast of France as a vehicle to express cultural and political analyses of the contemporary condition. He draws parallel with the booming post-war modern architecture with the grey decrepit solid masses of these bunkers.

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Architecture:

Sainte-Bernadette-du-Banlay Church

Church of St. Bernadette in Banlay, Claude Parent, Paul Virilio, 1964-1966 Source: "Church of St. Bernadette in Banlay." WikiArquitectura, accessed 3 Oct 2020, https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/church-of-st-bernadette-in-banlay/#.

In contrast to the previous example, the designof the Church of St. Bernadette in Banlay explicitly references and transposes the forms of WWII defense bunkers in this work of architecture. Combining the research of both Parent and Virlio's theoretical works, the church evokes images of caves and bunkers to both provide a source of refuge and protection, yet oscillate to images of oppression and death.

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Engineered Study:

Anatomy of Archery

Detail Shot of Professional Bowman Zhang Source: "Zhang's Aim Is True as She Claims Archery Gold." Olympic Games, 2018, 2020, https://www.olympic.org/news/zhang-s-aim-is-true-as-she-claims-archery-gold.

Archery has a long history in human societies and branches anatomical sciences with physics. The extension of the human body becomes a tool for engineered scrutiny.

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Architecture:

Olympic Archery Range

Olympic Archery Range, Enric Miralles & Carme Pinos, 1991 Source: ""Ad Classics: Olympic Archery Range / Enric Miralles & Carme Pinos." ArchDaily, 2014, accessed 4 Oct 2020, https://www.archdaily. com/539870/ad-classics-olympic-archery-range-enric-miralles-and-carme-pinos.

Enric Miralles and Carme Pinos winning entry for the Olympic Archery Range evokes the movements of athletes, particularly the proud stance of bowmen through its sculptural tectonic forms. The design simultaneously responds to preexisting topographical conditions as well as programattic needs of the athletes.

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Major Project Development (Natural History Museum)

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1. entry (retained roof structures) 2. canoe workshop & eco-tourism centre 3. open courtyards 4. cafeteria 5. moira grass courtyard 6. natural history museum - entry 7. fluvial geomorphology room 8. riparium 9. flora & fauna room 10. service spine 11. sunken courtyard 12. seed bank, storage & grow room 13. arboretum 14. auditorium 15. rainwater cistern 16. expressed gutters

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1. Service Spine 2. Operable radial sun shade 3. Verandah 4. Primary Roof (Canopy) 5. Secondary Roof

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1. Sunken Courtyard - full circle 2. Planting potential 3. Verandah

Following suggestions from the feedback in the concept design presentations, I followed through with incorporating things I had learnt from drawing studies of the dams and weirs in the southern Murray Darling Basin. The section of the gallery spine employs construction techniques of modern dam building and flood gates. The west-facing service spine comprises two thick parallel in-situ concrete walls forming a protective barrier against floods, sounds of incoming traffic, and potential fires. The central element appropriates Goulburn weir's flood gates, using a radial sunshade to modulate the internal light quality and provide views to the arboretum's canopy.

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Minor Project 1 Development (Rice's Weir)

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seed bank loggia

gallery expressed gutters cistern

pavillion boardwalk / bridge micro-hydro plant

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17 - Minor Project 1 Development (Rice's Weir)

Minor Project 1 deals with flooding and flatness of the landscape directly. A boardwalk that grows from the major project site extends down to an existing weir. Rice's weir, which is a current fishway and regulating weir pond, is subjected to a hybrid architectural intervention, forming a potential conduit for micro-hydro electricity. The boardwalk amplifies the subtle shifts in the landscape as it slowly shifts into the canopy of the river redgums. It transforms into a bridge over the existing weir with a viewing platform, possibly a fishing deck for refuge and reflection.

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

proposed boardwalk & bridge proposed bridge over weir proposed pavillion proposed micro-hydro plant existing fishway existing remote sensor existing flood-gate weir

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Minor Project 2 Development (Dharnya Centre)

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Feedback (Sketch Design Presentation): Positives • Drawing quality good • Matrix and suite of projects is presented well and works as a set • Oral component was clear and lyrical

Things to address/improve • Minor Project 2 is a bit "suspicious", could benefit from interacting with water more & determinism of covered pathways is problematic, "people transgress whatever you design" - could potentially use this condition to an advantage • Next time presenting, allocate some more time on the design and response to site, rather than describing the site, thesis and project too much • Minor Projects have clear linkage to water (bridge & wall), however the major project isn't absolutely clear in the drawings how it relates to water. The gutters can be amped up in the drawings and the flooding can be introduced to show how the site transforms under flooding. • Have more confidence in the ideas and express them more clearly in the drawings, perhaps highlighting certain elements • Sections still look like isolated objects

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Strategies moving forward • Minor Project 2 to be developed more (clearly). Show the earth embankment it sits on and how its sited also demonstrating the logic behind the elongated verandah and indicating openings, perhaps parallel walls? • Series of long sections through the building @ 1:200, to show trees, drains, ground section, river, seed bank & storage facility • Show flooding in site plan through hatching • Create a drainage plan over the site plan to depict how water flows • Explore and test gutter details, look at precedents such as the gutters of Glenn Murcutt, Norman Foster, Enric Miralles etc. • Another comment regarding precendents, is to look at indigenous infrastructures and how they might have a role in some outcomes of the project

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Resolving the Design Thesis

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Gallery & Workshops

Gallery

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Arboretum

Research & Collection

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Conservatory

Cistern

Floodplain

Courtyard & Raingarden

Floodplain

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flora & fauna

riparium

fluvial geomorphology room

cafeteria

canoe workshop/ ec-tourism

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conservatory / research / storage

200,000L rainwater tank & light filter

expressed gutters

450,000L rainwater tank

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1. 2. 3.

Birds eye view From Moira Lakes Road Elevation view from Lower Broken Creek

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Courtyard view Verandah / Loggia

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Natural History Museum - radial skylight open Rainwater Cistern

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The Gulf p. pt. b. c. f.

Barmah National Park

Visitor area & campgrounds Dharnya Centre Rice's Bridge & Weir

p. pt. b. c. f. t.

Picola - Barmah Road

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Morgans Beach

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Legend

P Parking PT Picnic Table B Boat Ramp C Camping F Fireplace IN Visitor Information T Toilet S Swamp

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The Gulf

Visitor area & campgrounds Dharnya Centre Rice's Bridge & Weir

Picola - Barmah Road

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Morgans Beach Tocumwal Regional Park

Murray Valley Highway

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Legend

Riverine Grassy Woodlands or Forests - Wetlands (Herb Marsh and Reed Marsh) -

10 (km)

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Barmah National Park Existing Conditions S: 1/100,000

Legend

Biyala (Red Gum) - Gulpa Gaka (Welcome)

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Walla (Wetland)

Dhungalla (Murray River)

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Seriality - extended possibilities

Forest of Trees - democratic plan

207

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earthen retaining

50 (m)

gw all pa

rki

nin ret ai en rth ea

um Forest

eed Marsh) b Marsh & R

dlan rassy Woo

Riverine G

208

form birdfeed

er Wetlands (H

orests ds or F

n Woodla

existing 1870â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s homestead riors - gutted inte s to roof perforated for form canopy rs ve co ground

ay covered walkw ge) fu re & t ec (prosp

River Red G

Plains

Gulpa Gaka - Museum of Local and Natural History Site Plan S: 1/400

wall

gutter above to

existing 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s homestead - gutted interiors to perforated roofs for py no form ca groundcovers

dam

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

fe ird mb

E ter gut

for to ve o ab

display display

d Sh

opo

conservatory

hen

s an

land

canoe

rass

ns G

Plai termination?

and

rubl

riparium

hall display

cafe

flood zone

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curved zincalume roofing screw fixed to purlins, purlins welded to UC arches

timber battens to extend at 45d from C purlin 150 UC bent at radius of 3.6m pre-cast concrete gutters charred recycled redgum sleepers

glazing inbetween concrete and timber cladding 140mm core-filled concrete wall

Gulpa Gaka - Museum of Local and Natural History Original Section S: 1/40

210

100

200

500 (cm)

awma water control radial (tainter gates) with 3.6m radius operable wheel for radial gate sun roof - pulley system to be determined

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

in-situ concrete buttreses to form columns for gutters, and overflow into dam/cistern

211

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timber battens to extend at 45d from C purlin 150 UC bent at radius of 3m

pre-cast concrete gutters charred recycled redgum sleepers

glazing inbetween concrete and timber cladding

140mm core-filled concrete wall

Gulpa Gaka - Museum of Local and Natural History Updated Section (Slab) S: 1/40

212

100

200

500 (cm)

curved zincalume roofing screw fixed to purlins, purlins welded to UC arches

awma water control radial (tainter gates) with 3m radius

operable wheel for radial gate sun roof - pulley system to be determined

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

213

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timber battens to extend at 45d from C purlin 150 UC bent at radius of 3m

pre-cast concrete gutters charred recycled redgum sleepers

glazing inbetween concrete and timber cladding

curved zincalume roofing screw fixed to purlins, purlins welded to UC arches

awma water control radial (tainter gates) with 3m radius

operable wheel for radial gate sun roof - pulley system to be determined

140mm core-filled concrete wall

UB frame welded on flange to UC arches

Gulpa Gaka - Museum of Local and Natural History Updated Section (Piers) S: 1/40

214

100

200

500 (cm)

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

215

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conservatory

Section AA (facing east) S: 1/200

concrete gutter above to form bird feed retaining wall

buttress columns

Section BB (facing north) S: 1/200

216

gallery

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

gallery

canoe workshop

flood zone

20 (m)

217

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1. Base Grid service bands and display bands

2. Openings (Vertical)

3. Openings (Horizontal)

4. Defining Display and Program

218

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

5. Radial Gate Cores

6. Circulation and Services

6. Furnitures 1

7. Furnitures 2

219

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external walkway

conservatory

seed bank

display

riparium (dry)

corridor

riparium (wet)

display

hall / display

kitchen

cafeteria

canoe workshop

external walkway

220

flood zone

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Gulpa Gaka - Museum of Local and Natural History Floor Plan - Work In Progress S: 1/200

20 (m)

221

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Site Analysis 50 x 50 cm

Major Project 1/4 75 x 50 cm

Map of Barmah National Park s: 1/100000

Map of the Narrows s: 1/5000

Site Plan s: 1/500

Ground Floor Plan s: 1/150

Map of Goulburn-Broken s: tbc

Site Elevation s: 1/500

Section (South) s: 1/150

Map of SMDB s: tbc

Planting Details s: tbc

Plan Explorations/Parti s: 1/500

initial plan for final presentation and display

222

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Major Project 1/4 75 x 50 cm

Major Project 4/4 75 x 50 cm

Oblique Axonometric s: 1/100

Occupational + Detailed Section s: 1/20

Exploded Details s: 1/100

Pop-outs s: 1/10 & 1/5

Minor Project 1 50 x 50 cm

Minor Project 2 50 x 50 cm

Pop-outs s: tbc

detail example

223

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3D tests - exploring options for conservatory and approach from site

224

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

3D tests - exploring some of the internal and external spatial qualities

225

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Zooming out and reframing the project as an integrated set of parts performing as a series of landscape infrastructures. Part A - Micro-Hydro Dam & Conduit + Boardwalk Part B - Canoe Workshop reusing existing homesteads on the site Part C - Arboretum and Water Retention System Part D - Conservatory & Pavillion

226

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Site plan - investigating the possibility of an outdoor auditorium and drain that opens up the existing earth embankment to the floodplain to allow drainage

227

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testing various strategies for reusing the existing homesteads, it was critical to make use of the existing roofs as rainwater collection for the proposed arboretum and water retention system. A canoe workshop is proposed in response to the Yorta-Yorta joint management ambitions for opening up waterways for overnight canoe camping.

228

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

two pavillions repurposing the existing colonial homesteads on the site: a canoe workshop and an amenties block.

229

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testing strategies for the conservatory.

230

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

site plan and section of arboretum investigating potential for a "designed experiment" recreating the conditions of the wetland system from terrestrial zone - amphibious zone - intermittent wetlands.

231

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subdivision plan from the 19th century, proposed site is located at the peak highlighting this division and threshold between the colonial frontier and the riparian zone. 232

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Joseph Waldo Rice Murray Fishing Company 1856 First person of European descent to settle the Moira Lakes - rectangular site was owned by him and he employed local Yorta-Yorta people to fish for him - exporting about 1000kg of fish per week during the gold rush.

233

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Archaeological drawings of indigenous canoes from the Murray Darling Basin. The "Yuki" (bottom) was common in the wetlands where River Red Gums grew.

234

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

235

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East Elevation S: 1/100

Existing Cottage

Joseph Waldo Rice's Homestead 1870

West Elevation S: 1/100

236

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

North Elevation S: 1/100

South Elevation S: 1/100

237

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Part D Conservatory & Drain

Part C Arboretum & Retention System

Part B Canoe Workshop Local History Museum

Part A Boardwalk, Fishing Pavillion & Micro-Hydro Plant

238

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Gulpa Gaka Site Axonometric S: 1/2000

100

200 (m)

239

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240

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

bird's eye view facing south-west

241

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242

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

bird's eye view facing north

243

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244

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

existing homesteads - roof and verandah extended to water retention system

245

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246

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

view from existing water tower and canoe deck

247

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Part A - Supply and Recreation

248

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

249

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6. 1.

3. 7.

4. 1. 5. 6.

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

proposed boardwalk & bridge proposed bridge over weir proposed pavillion proposed micro-hydro plant existing fishway existing remote sensor existing flood-gate weir

Rice's Weir Site Plan - Proposed S: 1/500

50 (m)

251

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Section - Proposed Alterations to Weir S: 1/200

Micro-hydro plant

Plan - Proposed Alterations to Weir S: 1/200

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Conduit & Boardwalk Section S: 1/20

253

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Section - Proposed Fish Pavillion S: 1/100

Plan - Proposed Fish Pavillion S: 1/100

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Axonometric Proposed Fish Pavillion S: 1/50

255

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Part B - Amenities & Canoe Shed

256

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

257

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20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Site Plan Proposed Canoe Workshop & Amenities Block S: 1/500

259

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Axonometric Existing Conditions S: 1/250

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

East Elevation - Existing S: 1/100

South Elevation - Existing S: 1/100 261

pa th w ay

Moira Grass

portal 1

c pe our rf tya or r at d/ ed ro of s

C W ano or e ks ho p

portal 3

co ve re d

portal 2

A Ki me tc ni he tie n sB

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Axonometric Proposed S: 1/250

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

East Elevation - Proposed S: 1/100

South Elevation - Proposed S: 1/100 263

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Perspective Section Alterations to existing homestead roof and Canoe Workshop S: 1/30

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

265

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Part C - Arboretum & Water Retention System

266

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

267

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Axonometric Roof Drainage System S: 1/500

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

269

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Arboretum Section S: 1/200

Arboretum Plan S: 1/200

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Species List: ludwiga peploides eleocharis acuta (spikerush) triglochin procerum amphibromus fluitans pseudoraphis spinescens (moira grass) danthonia procera brachyscome readeri cardamine tenuifolia cymbonotus lawsonianus cypres eragrostis digitaria ammophila eragrostis tenellula gratiola pumilo helipterum strictum eleocharis munuta

271

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272

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Perspective Section Transfer Junction from Retention Pond to Ground Gutters S: 1/30

273

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Part D - Conservatory

274

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275

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276

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Site & Roof Plan S: 1/500

277

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278

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Conservatory Ground Floor Plan S: 1/200

20 (m)

279

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Conservatory Axonometric S: 1/250

280

20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Gutter Transfer Detail S: 1/250

281

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20 - Resolving the Design Thesis

Perspective Section Cut through proposed ripariums in Wet & Dry phases S: 1/40

283

Bibliography

Learning From Water

Authority, Goulburn Broken Catchment Management. Mokoan Return to Wetland: Technical Summary on Flooding Impacts. Shepparton, 2008. Authority, Murray-Darling Basin. Fact Sheet: The Living Murray Program. Canberra, Australian Goverment, 2011. Boeke, Kees. Cosmic View: The Universe in 40 Jumps. New York: The John Day Company, 1957. Boyd, Robin. The Australian Ugliness. Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company, 1960. Davies, Peter, and Susan Lawrence. "Engineered Landscapes of the Southern Murrayâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Darling Basin: Anthropocene Archaeology in Australia." The Anthropocene Review 6, no. 3 (2019): 179-206.

Moore, Daniel. The Future Is Regional. Podcast audio. Hearing Architecture 2019. Nigel Bertram, Catherine Murphy, ed. In Time with Water: Design Studies of 3 Australian Cities. Crawley, Western Australia 6009: UWA Pub lishing, 2019. Robertson, Kate R. Identity, Community and Australian Artists, 1890-1914: Paris, London and Further Afield. New York: Bloomsbury Publish ing, 2020. Simons, Margaret. Cry Me a River: The Tragedy of the Murray-Darling Basin. Quarterly Essay. Carlton: Morry Schwartz, 2020.

Spirn, Anne Whiston. "Deep Structure: On Process, Form, and Design in the Urban Landscape." In City and Nature: Changing Relations in Time and Space, edited by Svend Erik Larsen Thomas Moller "The Structure of Farms and Farming in Australia." 2019, 2020, https:// Kristensen, Per Grau Moller, Steen Estvad Petersen. Odense: www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/research-topics/surveys/struc Odense University Press, 1993. ture-of-farms. Susan Lawrence, Peter Davies. Sludge: Disaster on Victoria's Goldfields. Foran, Barney. "Cry Me a River - Correspondence." Quarterly Essay, 2020. Melbourne: La Trobe University Press & Black Inc, 2019. Frichot, Helene. "Infrastructural Love and Other Architectural Affects." In MSD at HOME: Melbourne Speaks, edited by Melbourne School of Design, 2020. Forum. Frampton, Kenneth. Studies in Tectonic Culture: The Poetics of Construction in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Architecture. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1995. Gammage, Bill. The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aboriginies Made Australia. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2011. Hogan, Lindsay. Food Demand in Australia: Trends and Issues 2018. Canberra: ABARES, 2018.

Venturi, Rober, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour. Learning from Las Vegas. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1972. Walliss, Jillian. "The Antipodean Limits of a Manifesto: Oma and the Aus tralian Countryside." Fabrications 28, no. 1 (2018): 110-12. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10331867.2018.1410921. "Goulburn Weir." 2007, https://www.g-mwater.com.au/water-resources/ catchments/storages/goulburn/goulburnweir. "Project Overview." 2019, accessed 2020/09/01, https://wintonwetlands. org.au/winton-wetlands-project/project-overview/.

Williams, Chris. Old Land, New Landscapes: A Story of Farmers, Ji Hyun Oh, Hyun Jung Yoo, Sun Sook Kim. "Evaluation of Strategies to Conservation and the Landcare Movement. Melbourne: Melbourne Improve the Thermal Performance of Steel Frames in Curtain Wall University Press, 2004. Systems." Energies 9, no. 1055 (2016): 13. Winton, Tim. Island Home, a Landscape Memoir. Melbourne: Penguin Jim Norris, Deputy Chair of Heritage Council Victoria. "Murtoa Stick Shed." Australia, 2015. In Sacred Spaces, 14 minutes. Australia, 2012. Zaera-Polo, Alejandro. "New Narratives in the after-Post-Truth Age: Katrin Klingan, Ashkan Sepahvand, Christoph Rosol, Bernd M. Scherer,ed. Posthumanism, Authenticity and Conservation." In MSD at HOME. Textures of the Anthropocene: Grain, Vapor, Ray. 4 vols. Melbourne, 28/08/2020 2020. https://www.youtube.com/ Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2015. watch?v=mm5JtvjzJXk&ab_channel=MelbourneSchoolofDesign. Lloyd, C. The Australian Carpenter. Melbourne: Macmillan, 1953. Mauro Baracco, Louise Wright, ed. Repair: Australian Pavilion, 16th International Architecture Exhibition. New York: Actar Publishers, 2018. Michael Pearson, Jane Lennon. Pastoral Australia: Fortunes, Failures and Hard Yakka. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2010.

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