Agricultural News
Volume 1, Issue 1
January & February 2018 Dates of Interest call for more details
BQA (Beef Quality Assurance) recertification by appointment through our office. February 27th– 10 am and 6pm Private Applicators Pesticide Recertification March 7 Mid South Stocker Conference Russellville
March 26, 6p Tobacco GAP Training at the Nelson County Extension Office
Rob’s Report by Robbie Smith As I begin to write this the snow may finally begin melting, which will bring on a whole new set of problems. With the thaw comes the sloppy feeding mess that puts the livestock at risk and you yourself at risk. Be careful. A recent study by Dr. Lloyd Murdock’s team at the UK Princeton research center has identified a problem and a solution that has the potential to impact cropping in Nelson County. We have known for a long time that some soil types are prone to fragipans (hard restrictive layers in the soil profile) at various depths within the profile. What the team has discovered is that this problem can be remedied and unlock much more yield potential in certain soils. The fix, if you will, is
the planting of a cover crop of rye in the fall. The long root system and the chemicals that the plant produces has the ability to break up the fragipan over time and studies have shown an increase of 30 bushels per acre on corn. When I began looking into this for our county I discovered that we do have several soil types that are fragipan prone. Bedford, Lawrence, Robertsville, Tilsit, Zanesville, and Nicholson are soil types in our county and are prone to this issue. This is just the beginning of this conversation more information will be in the next issue of this newsletter but I wanted to make you aware of the potential impact.
Page 2 Agricultural News
Nuisance Weed Spraying Program This program consists of weed spraying demonstration plots. The department will provide the sprayer and enough chemical for the treatment of 10 acres of agricultural land or 100 gallons of spot spraying mix to be used on agricultural land. The department’s representative will demonstrate proper mixing and application techniques. A number of nuisance weeds can be treated under this program depending on the needs of the participant. This program is limited to broadleaf weeds.
gallons can be sprayed
Broadcast Spraying demonstration plots consist of:
This program is designed to target weeds that have a negative impact on the participant’s agricultural production.
10 acres of agricultural land will be treated with chemical provided by the department Application is performed with a twowheeled trailer type sprayer equipped with boomless nozzles If additional chemical is provided by the participant, an additional 10 acres can be treated Spot Spraying demonstration plots consist of: 100 gallons of broadleaf chemical mix which is applied until sprayer is empty Application is performed with a twowheeled trailer type sprayer equipped with a handheld spray wand used by the tractor operator If additional chemical is provided by the participant, an additional 100
For each demonstration: The participant must provide water source The participant must provide tractor and operator All chemical products must be labeled and the product label will be strictly followed A maximum of 7 participants per county
There will be an annual online application period to participate in this program. Applications can be completed from February 1 to February 29. To register please contact Ken Whitis at 502-573-0282
Winter Weather Policy If Nelson County schools are closed then check our Facebook page or text 502507-4769 for updates on meeting cancellations.
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Small Ruminant Grazing Conference Kentucky’s quality forage base provides ample opportunities for goat and sheep producers when it comes to grazing pastures. New and established producers can benefit from educational opportunities at the upcoming annual Kentucky Small Ruminant Grazing Conference. The University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment is teaming up with Kentucky State University, the Kentucky Sheep and Goat Development Office, the Kentucky Goat Producers Association and the Kentucky Sheep and Wool Producers Association to offer the conference Feb. 10 at the Ballard Convention Center in Madisonville. “As usual, we have some great speakers lined up and, of course, the popular producer panel,” said Tom Keene, UK agronomy specialist. “Each year, we move the conference around to different areas of Kentucky to try and reach the most people. We will offer science-based research that producers can apply in their own operations.” The daylong event begins with a registration at 7:30 a.m. CST. The conference begins at 8:30 a.m. with a welcome and a market update. Focused sessions begin at 9 a.m. Morning topics include: parasites and dewormers, pasture renovation and grazing summer annuals. Keene will
present information on plant identification during lunch. Afternoon sessions include economics of small ruminant production systems and a producer panel. The conference officially ends at 2:30 p.m., but interested participants may stay to attend an optional FAMACHA training at 2:45 p.m. FAMACHA is a program designed to help producers of small ruminants diagnose parasite infection. Preregistration, due Feb. 5, is $35 for the conference and an additional $18 for the FAMACHA training. The program and registration are available online at the UK Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability website, http:// rcars.ca.uky.edu/small-ruminantgrazing-conference. Those who do not want to register online may send their name, address, phone number and email address along with payment to UK Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability, attn. Jackie Allen, 130 Robinson Road, Jackson, KY 41339. To pay with credit card, contact Allen via phone at 606-6662438, ext. 291. Contact: Tom Keene, 859-257-3144
Page 4 Agricultural News
How ‘Brutus the Bull’ is Being Used in Research By Joshua Jackson, Ph.D. Assistant Extension Professor Livestock Systems Last year, we did something a little different with our department’s National Farm Machinery Show (NFMS) display. We used “Brutus the Bull” from the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Association to display my do-it-yourself low-cost cattle scale platform using load cell. As one of the promoters of the beef industry, Brutus has visited field days, conventions, and even a basketball game. Brutus was surprisingly popular with individuals of all ages, and many people at the NFMS wanted to take him home and put him in their living room or yard.
with different backgrounds (grass cover, bare soil, rocks, etc.) to ensure that the imaging software can accurately and autonomously identify an individual animal regardless of the environment.
Developing an idealized standard
Brutus’ consistent volume also allows the standardization of measurements to access the 3-D characteristics in-field. Unlike a real bull, the fact that he is stationary allows us to hone in on the idealized standard to develop this work. For the 3-D characteristic Brutus’ new role development, we will be Brutus is currently analyzing his volume PHOTO: Joshua Jackson housed in the with Light Detection and educational area at the new Blue Ranging (LIDAR) and Grass Regional Marketplace within the photogrammetry. LIDAR uses a Blue Grass Stockyards in Lexington. In series of pulsed lasers and their the near future, he will be undertaking reflectance off different surfaces to a new role in research. To test some determine the distance and angle of concepts, Brutus will be used in the an object. From the LIDAR, a dense initial steps of the Unmanned Aerial point cloud is developed, as the Vehicles (UAV) and cattle research LIDAR systems can measure project. The cattle and UAV project will 320,000 points per second. From the be led by Drs. Jesse Hoagg, Josh point cloud, a volume will be deterJackson, Mike Sama, and Ruigang mined. Yang. Brutus will be placed in areas (Continued on page 5)
Page 5 Volume 1, Issue 4 (Continued from page 4)
Estimating the weight of cattle Photogrammetry, on the other hand, takes multiple pictures from various angles. The GPS location and orientation of the camera along with distinctive aspects within the pictures enables the photos to be stitched together so a 3-D feature is created. Once the volume has been accurately measured, correlations between the animal volume and weight can be refined. The ultimate goal of this part of the project is to estimate the weight of cattle in the field based upon their volume and assumed density.
Potential producer savings What is the practical application of this? It means that cattle wouldn’t have to be run through a working facility to get a weight — saving the producer time, labor, and potentially money. Nonetheless, the performance of the animals in the field will still be tracked. With each volume measurement system, drawbacks such as equipment expense, processing time, and GPS/ IMU accuracy still need to be addressed, but Brutus will help us optimize the number of scans and images required for an accurate measurement.
Pollinator Protection The KDA Pollinator Protection Program is designed to be a voluntary tool between chemical applicators and beekeepers in an effort to reduce hive mortality. If a chemical product label specifies that the applicator must communicate with area beekeepers prior to spraying, this program allows for beekeepers and others who are voluntarily registered to receive an email. Monarch waystation managers, specialty crop farmers, organic producers are also welcome to use this site, but you need to register as "beekeepers." For much more information about this important new communication tool visit the following links to the Kentucky Department of Agriculture . There you will find the registration portal a YouTube tutorial and more written information on the plan. https://www.kyagr-apps.com/ Pollinator/
http://www.kyagr.com/statevet/ documents/OSV_Bee_KY-PollinatorPro-Plan.pdf
Page 6 Agricultural News
Maximizing Success with Frost Seedings of Clover Dr. Jimmy Henning UK Forage Extension Specialist
get the soil test; anything else is just a guess.
Select a good variety. Choose an Literally thousands of acres of improved variety with known Kentucky pasture and hay fields are performance and genetics. Choosing overseeded with clover, much of it a better red clover variety can mean frost-seeded in late winter. Yet this is as much as three tons of one of the few additional hay and long stand times where life compared to common crops are seed (variety unknown). UK seeded where has extensive data available we halfway on yield and persistence of expect not to white and red clover for hay get a stand, or or pasture at http:// we are not sure Figure 1. The heavy ground covwww.uky.edu/Ag/Forage/ er seen here will prevent clover if the clover ForageVarietyTrials2.htm establishment. that comes is Spread enough seed. UK really from the seed spread. You recommends 8 to 12 pounds of red would not accept this for corn or or 1 to 3 pounds of white/ladino soybeans. Here are a few tips to clover per acre. Applying the ensure you have the best chance of minimum (8 lb. red and 1 lb. white) getting clover established from a will put over 60 seeds per square frost-seeding. foot on the field (50 red, 18 white). Address soil fertility needs. Get a Make sure seed lands on bare current soil test, and apply the soil. Excess grass or thatch must be needed nutrients. Clovers need soil grazed and/or disturbed until there is that is pH 6.5 to 7 and medium or bare ground showing prior better in P and to overseeding. The biggest K. Do not apply cause of seeding failure additional N with frost seedings is too except for that much ground cover. supplied from Judicious cattle traffic or diammonium dragging with a chain phosphate harrow can accomplish (DAP) if used to Figure 2. Bare soil should be this. supply the showing for successful clover needed P. But over seeding,
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Get good seed-soil contact. With frost seeding, we depend on the rain and snow or freeze-thaw action of the soil surface to work the clover seed into the top Âź inch of soil. A corrugated roller can also be used soon after seeding to ensure good contact. Control competition next spring. Do not apply additional N on overseeded fields next spring, and be prepared to do some timely mowing if grass or
spring weeds get up above the clover. Clover is an aggressive seeding but will establish faster and thicker if grass and weed competition is controlled. Clover can be reliably established into existing grass pastures with a little attention to detail. Soil fertility, variety, seeding rate, seed placement and competition control are the major keys to success.
Below are charts taken from PR-728 Red and White Clover varieties 2017 report from the University of Kentucky Trials. When asked, our specialist like Kenland Certified Red Clover, Will Ladino clover and Durana Intermediate White Clover for price and performance
Page 8 Agricultural News
Providing Water for Beef Cattle In a Rotational Steve Higgins and Lee Moser, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
have to travel more than 800 feet to water, if possible. Waterers should be placed on summit positions because a high site should contain well-drained soils. Choose a location that isn’t heavily erodible, with the
Despite its importance, water is often the most poorly addressed component of animal nutrition on the farm. It is essential that livestock have easy access to plentiful, clean water within every paddock of a rotational grazing system to realize maximum efficiency Figure 1: Incorporation of a tire waterer in a rotaand production. Although tional grazing layout as a centralized hub with water may be available to concrete and heavy traffic pad surfaces. cattle, the sources vary significantly within and among farms. Sources for water on farms range from full access to streams and ponds to city water fed troughs located throughout the operation. The quantity, quality, and location of the water supplied can greatly influence feed intake, forage utilization and persistence, herd behavior, and manure distribution. Factors such as relative humidity, type of animal, shade availability, and distance to water play important roles in determining the water intake rates of cattle. Location of a watering source is critical. Watering sources can influence grazing, compaction, and manure/nutrient deposition patterns. An optimized rotational grazing system should be designed to provide water so that cattle do not
potential to create excessive mud and runoff that can pollute nearby water sources. High volume tire waterer tanks can be utilized to service multiple pastures within a rotational grazing system. Figure 1 illustrates how one tire waterer can serve as a watering hub for multiple pastures. With a large surface area and volume of water available for livestock, tire waterers can provide plentiful, high quality water to multiple animals at once and still have additional volume available for the rest of the herd. These structures can be reliable, highly durable, low cost alternatives to traditional limited access watering solutions. Tire waterers can by plumbed with city water or harvested water. Hybrid systems with city water
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Grazing System with Tire Waterers and harvested water connections can be used. City water and harvested water lines must be kept separate. It is critical that a back-flow preventer or double check valve is incorporated into any system where city water lines can come into contact with rainwater or water from livestock tanks. Follow basic plumbing specifications to prevent pipes from freezing (burial below the frost line for your location), or utilize the system during frost free period, then winterize. You should ensure that state and local plumbing codes are followed when utilizing city water for livestock. Anti-siphon air gaps
the tank to prevent mud and erosion from developing. If animals are observed getting into the tank, exclude animals with a cross member attached to the top of the tire tank or fence across the structure. Figure 2 illustrates both of these design concepts. Like any waterer, regular cleaning and periodic maintenance will be necessary.
Rotational grazing systems are more effective if water is readily available in every paddock. If the watering source is of poor quality, improperly located, or a limited resource due to inadequate flow rates and space limitations, then production may become limited. Taking a thoughtful approach to water quality, quantity, and location may help cattle producers achieve their long-term goals of increased production and profitability. For questions on this or related topics and more Figure 2. A repurposed heavy equipment information regarding providing tire serves as an alternative water source water in rotational grazing for livestock within the rotational grazing systems with tire waterer tanks, system at the Morgan County Extension please visit https://www.uky.edu/ Farm. bae/higgins and explore the may be a useful additional method CAFE publication resources and for preventing backflow into city virtual tours that have been made water lines in the event of loss of available for producers and natural water pressure. resource professionals. A concrete pad or other all-weather surface should be installed around
Page 10 Agricultural News
Time to Double Check Your Heifer Development Program, Dr. Les Anderson, Extension Beef Specialist The first week of January is an important “check-point” in spring heifer development programs. The key to proper heifer development lies in understanding the factors that influence conception in yearling heifers. One key factor regulating heifer fertility is age at puberty. Most producers don’t consider age at puberty of their heifers to be a major problem, yet few know how many heifers are actually cyclic at the beginning of the breeding season. A Nebraska study demonstrated that the proportion of heifers that were pubertal on the first day of the breeding season varied greatly over 5 consecutive years in a single a herd. The percentage of heifers that were pubertal on the first day of the breeding season ranged from only 21% to as high as 64% over the 5-year period. For maximum fertility and reproductive performance, heifers must have had at least one estrus before the beginning of the breeding season. Our goal then is to incorporate reproductive management techniques to reduce the age of puberty, increase fertility, and shorten the interval to conception. One of the largest factors that regulate puberty in the heifer is weight. For puberty to occur, heifers must weigh at least 65% of their mature weight. This weight is referred to as their target weight. Most heifer development programs require that heifers reach their target weight, approximately 65% of their expected mature weight, by the onset of their first
breeding season. Because fertility increases until the third estrus after puberty, heifers should reach their target weight at least 30 days before the start of the breeding season. I refer to this date as the target date. January is the time to determine if your heifers are “on track”. Most yearling heifers will need to reach 700800 pounds (their projected target weight) by mid-April to ensure high fertility assuming that the heifer breeding season starts about midMay. Weigh your heifers to determine how much they have left to gain to reach their target weight. If the heifers weighed on average 600 pounds and their target weight is 750 pounds then they will need to gain 150 pounds or 1.5 - 1.6 pounds each day to reach their target weight by mid-April. Heifers should reach a BCS of 5.0-5.5 by their target date. The next important phase in heifer development occurs one month prior to the start of the breeding season. At this time, heifers should be vaccinated (Vibrio fetus, Leptospirosis, and the respiratory disease complex which includes PI3, BRSV, BVD and IBR; modified-live vaccine is preferred), dewormed, and pelvic area measurements should be obtained. Heifers with small pelvic areas and especially large heifers with small pelvic areas tend to have greater difficulty calving. Now is the time to contact your local veterinarian to schedule this pre-breeding work. (Continued on page 11)
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Reminders for Winter Watering Keeping watering systems from freezing during the winter months has been a challenge for as long as domesticated cattle have been raised in cold climates. Mature beef cattle can consume as much as 30+ gallons of water in a day, the amount will fluctuate depending on the weather, how much the cow is eating, distance to water, or if the cow is lactating. Hydration keeps the digestive tract functioning. Below are ways to keep water available during the winter.
Check waterers daily for any freezing that may occur.
Be aware of location (if system is not in a building). Watering systems that aren’t exposed to any sunlight will stay frozen much longer than those in a sunny area. Also pay attention to elevation as a lower elevation will stay at a lower temperature in the early part of the day.
Check your watering system for contamination on a regular basis. Food particles often contaminate water as well as fecal material/ urine.
(Continued from page 10)
Utilize insulation: indoor watering sheds, insulated buckets/ troughs, and insulated water tanks. Take advantage of buildings and terrain that are already available to you.
Avoid ball waterers if you have recently weaned calves in your herd. A calf is unable to push down the ball if it freezes and will not be able to access the water.
Keep water pipes from freezing. Make sure any exposed pipe that is capable of freezing is insulated. Burying water lines is the most common way farmers utilize insulation, although some use hay or fabric and surround the pipe with these materials.
Geothermal heating of troughs can be an alternative to conventional insulation, though this can take time to set up.
If any heating elements are being used, check to see if they are keeping water at the desired temperature. While doing this make sure there is no electrical current in the water from a malfunctioning heating unit.
Producers should consider estrus synchronization and/or AI. Estrous synchronization and AI has many advantages which include: higher pregnancy rates, heavier, more uniform calves at weaning, and increase production and labor efficiency. The greatest advantage of AI is the ability to use superior, more predictable sires. Since a majority of calving problems in a herd occur when calving first-calf heifers, it seems only logical to synchronize and AI your heifers to proven calving ease bulls. Contact your local AI technician to schedule a time to breed your heifers. Next month, I will discuss various methods for estrous synchronization..
Page 12 Agricultural News
Extension To Offer Dicamba Applicator Trainings After various crops across the United States received significant injury from products containing the herbicide dicamba during 2017, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency made it a restricted use pesticide for 2018. That designation means a new set of rules, regulations and an educational component for those who want to continue to apply products containing the herbicide. Extension weed scientists with the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment are just one group offering workshops to help Kentucky applicators comply with the new rules. Kentucky producers are not without their share of issues related to this herbicide. UK Cooperative Extension Service agents reported nearly 35,000 acres of soybeans and 62 acres of tobacco with dicamba injury in 2017. Most of these reports occurred between June 15 and July 31. “Our affected acreage is much lower than surrounding states, but when you look at it in proportion to the acres of soybeans grown, it is on track with reports from those states,” said Travis Legleiter, UK extension weed scientist. “Most tobacco producers avoid use of products containing dicamba because any evidence of exposure to dicamba can
result in a loss of their market contract.” Legleiter and fellow UK extension weed scientist J.D. Green will offer trainings that will discuss the new restrictions and highlight the sensitivity of soybeans and tobacco that are not tolerant to dicamba as well as other crops that could receive potential damage. “We are going to highlight the importance of the applicator being aware when the product is applied and discuss scenarios where the product should not be applied,” Legleiter said. The UK trainings, approved by the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, are as follows. All times are local. 3 p.m. Jan. 16 at the Taylor County Extension office 1:30-3:30 p.m. Jan. 31 at the Owensboro Convention Center 9-11 a.m. Feb. 9 at the Hardin County Extension office 1-3 p.m. Feb. 9 at the Ballard Convention Center in Madisonville 6-8 p.m. Feb. 12 at the Mason County Extension office 9-11 a.m. Feb. 15 at the Christian County Extension office 9-11 a.m. Feb. 20 at the Grand Rivers Senior Community Center 9-11 a.m. Feb. 23 at the Warren (Continued on page 13)
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(Continued from page 12)
County Extension office
1-3 p.m. Feb. 26 at the Hal Rogers Regional Fire Training Center in Somerset 9-11 a.m. Feb. 27 at the Carlisle County Extension office ·9 a.m.- 12 p.m. March 5 at the Shelby County Extension office
Contact: Travis Legleiter, 270-3657541, xt. 218
Page 14 Agricultural News
FSA & NRCS News Report Livestock Losses The Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP) provides assistance to eligible producers for livestock death losses in excess of normal mortality due to adverse weather and attacks by animals reintroduced into the wild by the federal government or protected by federal law. LIP compensates livestock owners and contract growers for livestock death losses in excess of normal mortality due to adverse weather, including losses due to hurricanes, floods, blizzards, wildfires, extreme heat or extreme cold. For 2018, eligible losses must occur on or after Jan. 1, 2018, and no later than 60 calendar days from the ending date of the applicable adverse weather event or attack. A notice of loss must be filed with FSA within 30 days of when the loss of livestock is apparent. Participants must provide the following supporting documentation to their local FSA office no later than 90 calendar days after the end of the calendar year in which the eligible loss condition occurred.
Proof of death documentation, including rendering receipts, photographs, dated if possible;
Purchase records, veterinarian records, production records, bank or loan documents; and
Written contracts, records assembled for tax purposes, private insurance documents and other similar reliable documents.
USDA has established normal mortality rates for each type and weight range of eligible livestock, i.e. Adult Beef Cow = 1.5% and NonAdult Beef Cattle (less than 400 pounds) = 4.5%. These established percentages reflect losses that are considered expected or typical under “normal” conditions. Producers who suffer livestock losses in 2018 must file both of the following:
A notice of loss the earlier of 30 calendar days of when the loss was apparent or by January 30, 2019
An application for payment by March 30, 2019.
USDA Farm Service Agency Offers Text Alerts to Nelson County Producers Subscribers Can Receive Important Program Reminders and Updates Nelson County USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) Executive Director Adam Haggard announced that farmers and ranchers in Kentucky now can receive notifications from their county office through text messages on their cell phone. Whether producers are in the field, on a tractor or even on horseback, this service enables FSA customers and stakeholders to receive notifications while on the go. Producers will receive text messages regarding important program deadlines, reporting requirements, outreach events and updates.
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FSA & NRCS News Producers can text KYNELSON to FSANOW (372-669) to subscribe to text message alerts from Nelson and Bullitt County. Standard text messaging rates apply. Contact your wireless carrier for details associated with your particular data plan. Participants may unsubscribe at any time. Please contact the Bardstown FSA Office at (502-348-8664) if you have questions regarding FSA’s email news service or the new text message option.
Farm Storage Facility Loans FSA’s Farm Storage Facility Loan (FSFL) program provides lowinterest financing to producers to build or upgrade storage facilities and to purchase portable (new or used) structures, equipment and storage and handling trucks. The low-interest funds can be used to build or upgrade permanent facilities to store commodities. Eligible commodities include corn, grain sorghum, rice, soybeans, oats, peanuts, wheat, barley, minor oilseeds harvested as whole grain, pulse crops (lentils, chickpeas and dry peas), hay, honey, renewable biomass, fruits, nuts and vegetables for cold storage facilities, floriculture, hops, maple sap, rye, milk, cheese, butter, yogurt, meat and poultry (unprocessed), eggs, and aquaculture (excluding systems that maintain live animals through uptake and discharge of water). Qualified facilities include grain bins, hay barns and cold storage facilities for
eligible commodities. Loans up to $50,000 can be secured by a promissory note/ security agreement and loans between $50,000 and $100,000 may require additional security. Loans exceeding $100,000 require additional security. Producers do not need to demonstrate the lack of commercial credit availability to apply. The loans are designed to assist a diverse range of farming operations, including small and mid-sized businesses, new farmers, operations supplying local food and farmers markets, non-traditional farm products, and underserved producers. To learn more about the FSA Farm Storage Facility Loan, visit www.fsa.usda.gov/pricesupport or contact the Bardstown FSA Office. The Cooperative Extension Service prohibits discrimination in its programs and employment on the basis of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. To file a complaint of discrimination, contact Tim West, UK College of Agriculture, 859-257-3879; Terry Allen or Patty Bender, UK Office of Institutional Equity and Equal Opportunity, 859-257-8927; or the USDA, Director Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W Whitten Bldg., 14th & Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 (202-720-5964)
Phone: 502-348-9204 Fax: 502-348-9270
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