;+lIfKt gLltut l6Kk0fL – s[lif If]q
ljkb kZrftsf] cf“sngM gfsfaGbL @)&@ c+s ! – c;f/ @)&#
k[i7e"ld kl5Nnf] Ps aif{eGbf a9L ;dob]lv g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{ Pskl5 csf]{ w]/} r'gf}ltx?n] GofFs]sf 5g\, h;n] ubf{ cy{tGq sl7g cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . e'sDkn] em08} ( xhf/ dflg;sf] Hofg lnof] eg] @@ xhf/eGbf w]/} 3fO{t] eP, h;n] cg'dflgt & ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/sf] cfly{s gf]S;fg eof] eg] & nfv dflg;x? ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL ws]lng] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L, e'sDksf] s]xL dlxgfkl5 t/fO{ dw]z If]qdf ePsf ;+ljwfg;Fu ;DalGwt cfGbf]ngx?sf] sf/0f gfsfaGbLsf] cj:yf ;[hgf eof], h;n] g]kfnsf] cy{tGq / ;du|df l;+uf] ;dfhdfg} 7'nf] wSsf lbof] . Jofkf/ gfsfaGbL hf/L /x];Fu} xfd|f] e"kl/j]li7t b]zdf cTofjZos cfk"lt{x? em08} 7Kk} eP . gfsfaGbLsf]] glthf:j?k lglDtPsf] OGwg ;+s6n] cy{tGqsf ;a} If]qx?df cfˆgf] k|fefj kfof . Psftkm{ cTofjZos cfoftx? h:t} cf}ifwL tyf OGwg b]zleq k|j]z ug{ lbOPg eg] csf]{tkm{ OGwgsf] eofjx ;+s6n] cy{tGqsf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f tyf pkef]u k|s[ofnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ k'of{of] .
Volume 1 - June 2016
g]kfnsf] hg;+Vofsf] 7'nf] lx:;fsf] d'Vo cfwf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf] s[lif If]q of] cfly{s aif{df vl:sFbf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 / s[lifdf lge{/ bzf}+ nfvsf] cfDbfgL / lhjLsf cf]/fnf] nfUb} 5 . cWoogsf] qmddf b]zsf] ljleGg efudf ul/Psf] :ynut e|d0fdf s[ifs / s[lif dhb'/;Fu ul/Psf] cGt/lqmofn] pgLx?df c;Gt'li6 / ck|;Ggtf /x]sf] phfu/ eof] . o:tf] c;Gt'li6 / ck|;Ggtf /fHok|lt lg/fzf / l/;sf] efjgfn] el/Psf lyP . of] aif{ s[ifsx?n] ef]u]sf ;d:ofx?n] o;k|sf/sf] lg/fzfsf] efjgf b]lvg]u/L a9fPsf] 5 .
bf]xf]/f] lg/fzf s[lif If]qn] laut Psaif{df ef]u]sf r'gf}tLx? b'Ovfn] lyP . Psftkm{ cf};teGbf sd aiff{tn] ubf{ cy{tGq bjfjdf /Xof] / a[xtcy{zf:qLo bjfa a9\of] eg] csf]{tkm{ OGwg / /;folgs dnsf] cefj a9fpg] u/L !#% lbg;Dd rn]sf] gfsfaGbLn] b]zsf
xhf/f}+ ls;fgx?sf ;fy–;fy} bzf}+ nfv cGo JolQmx?sf] lhjLsf c;kmntftkm{ ws]lnlbof] . o;sf ;fy} hf8f]ofddf ePsf] sd aiff{ / b]zsf ljleGg efudf ePsf] v8]/L -;'Vvfkg_ n] s[lif ultljlwx?df yk wSsf k'Uof] . gfsfaGbLn] lgDTofPsf] cfk"lt{ ;d:ofn] s[lif If]qnfO{ w]/} lx;fan] c;/ k'of{of] . of] cjlwdf g]kfn / ef/taLrsf] Jofkf/df Jojwfg cfPsf]n] cf}krfl/s ?kdf /;folgs dnsf] cfk"lt{ 36\of] . /;folgs dn sfnf]ahf/af6 pRr d'Nodf lsGg kbf{ s[ifssf] sdfO{df gsf/fTds c;/ kof]{ . o;}u/L, OGwg cefjsf sf/0f b]zdf e08f/0fdf /x]sf / cgf}krfl/s ?kdf cfk"lt{ ePsf dnvfb ;d]t b]zsf ljleGg efudf cf];f/k;f/ x'g ;s]g . t'ngfTds ?kdf /;folgs dn ;xh?kdf pknAw x'g] t/fO{—dw]z If]qdf ;d]t /;folgs dnsf] cfk"lt{df ePsf] 9LnfO{ / sfnf]ahf/df To;sf] pRr d'No d'Vo
lrq !M cf=j= @)&@–&# sf] dG;'gdf cfPsf] lu/fj6
gfsfaGbLsf] tfTsflng k|efj :ki6 lyof] / ldl8ofx?df klg rf}tkmL{ ?kdf l/kf]l6{u+ eof] . gfsfaGbLn] kfg]{ bL3{sflng k|efj w]/} g} h6Ln / k|lts'n x'g;S5 . To;sf/0f of] cWoogn] cy{tGqsf dxTjk'0f{ If]qx?df kf/]sf] k|efjsf] ulx/fO{ / km}nfj6 a'em\g] pb]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . glthfx?sf] cfwf/df of] cWoogn] eljiodf cy{tGqdf kg{ ;Sg] o:t} vfnsf wSsfx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ pko'Qm x'g] pkfox? ;d]t ;'emfPsf] 5 . 1
d'2fsf ?kdf /x\of] . kxf8L lhNnfx?df eg] sfnf]afhf/df ;d]t dnsf] pknAwtf sl7g lyof] lsgeg] OGwg cefjn] ubf{ dnsf] cf];f/k;f/ g} x'g;s]sf] lyPg .
h6Ln eof] . l8h]nsf] cefjsf sf/0f v]tL leq\ofpg tyf leq\ofO{Psf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/ s]Gb|;Dd cf];f/k;f/ ug{ cTolws dx+uf] eof] .
wfg /f]Kg tof/Lsf nflu l;FrfOsf nflu kfgL tfGg] kDksf] pkof]u x'g] v]tx?df nf]8;]l8+usf] ;dodf l8hn h]g]/]6/x?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . oBkL, OGwgsf] cefj / sfnf]ahf/df OGwgsf] pRr b/n] ubf{ lst /f]Kgsf] nflu v]tx?df kof{Kt l;FrfO{ ePg jf clws d'Nodf dfq l;FrfO{ ;Dej eof] .
cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb|sf cf;kf;df pTkfbgx? nfO{ ahf/ s]Gb|;Dd 9'jfgL ubf{ oftfoft ;fwgx?df tf]8kmf]8 x'g] hf]lvd klg ahf/ kx'FrnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ lhDd]jf/ sf/0f aGg k'Uof] .
ahf/ kx'Frdf cj/f]w OGwg cefjsf sf/0f t/sf/L, kmnkm'n / kz'kI+ fLx?h:tf s[lif pTkfbgx? ahf/ s]Gb|;Dd ;xh} 9'jfgL ug{ ;lsPg . / v]tL leq\ofpg] ;dodf of] ;d:of emg} /f;folgs dn / OGwgsf] cefj;Fu} sfnf] afhf/Lsf] d'Non] vf;u/L sd cfo ePsf ls;fgnfO{ c;/ ub{5 . of] a'em\g h?/L 5 sL oL s[ifs? eg]sf ul/aLsf] pNemgdf km:g;Sg] hf]lvddf /x]sfx? x'g\ .
u'd]sf] ;DklQ
oL tYof+sx?nfO{ ljrf/ ubf{, df]6fdf]6L lx;fan] lrq ! df b]vfP adf]lhd obL ux'Fsf] pTkfbgdf ^ k|ltzt 36]df wfg / ux'Fsf] ;+o'Qm ?kdf u'd]sf] pTkfbgsf] d'No ? !#=% ca{ -!#!=* ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/_ x'g cfpF5 . o;nfO{ ;xh ?kdf a'em\bf, of] c+s eg]sf] cfly{s aif{ @)&@— &# df s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] ah]6sf] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g cfpF5 . cem} v/fa cj:yfdf ux'Fsf] pTkfbg @)=% k|ltztn] 36]df ux'F / wfgsf] u'd]sf] pTkfbgsf] d'No ? !(=@ ca{ -!*^=%| ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/_ x'g cfpF5 h'g cfly{s aif{ @)&@—&# sf nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] s'n s[lif ljsf; ah]6sf] &@ k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .
gfsfaGbLn] s[lif If]qdf kf/]sf] k|efjsf] k|i6 c;/ b]zsf] b'O d'Vo cGgafnL wfg / ux'Fdf b]lvof] . s'n cGgafnL pTkfbgdf wfgsf] dfq %# k|ltzt lx:;f /x]sf] 5 eg] ux'Fsf] !(=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .1 oL cGgx?sf] pTkfbgdf b]lvg]u/L x|f; cfpg' sf] cy{ eg]sf] df}lb|s d'Nosf] 3f6f klg plQs} x'g;S5 -Tof] eGbf w]/} klg x'g;S5_ .
s[lif If]qdf cfPsf] lu/fj6sf] sf/0f, kl/0ffd / k|efj
wfgsf] pTkfbg !)=@@ k|ltztn] sdL cfpg] / ux's F f] pTkfbgdf ^ b]lv @)=% k|ltzt;Dd x|f; cfpg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf ! n] of] cfly{s aif{df s[lif If]qsf] lu/fj6sf] d'Vo sf/0fx?, o:tf sf/0fx?sf] c;/x? tyf b]lvg;Sg] ;Defljt k|efjx? nfO{ k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 .
2
kl/j]z !
lrq @M wfg tyf ux'F afnLdf u'd]sf] pTkfbgsf] ?k}ofdf lx;fa
wfg pTkfbgdf
!)=@@∞
/
kl/j]z @
sld
wfg pTkfbgdf
!)=@@∞ sld
/
ux'“ pTkfbgdf
^∞
hDdf pTkfbgdf
¿ !#=%
sld x'“bf cy{tGqdf
ca{ a/fa/sf] x|f; cfp“5
ux'“ pTkfbgdf
hDdf pTkfbgdf
@)=%∞ sld x'“bf cy{tGqdf 2
¿ !(=@ ca{ a/fa/sf] x|f; cfp“5
tflnsf !M of] cfly{s aif{ s[lif If]qdf cfPsf] x|f;sf] sf/0f, c;/ / ;Defljt k|efjx? sf/0fx? l e'sDksf
sf/0f s[lif ultljwLx?
cj?4 l l9nf
tyf sd aiff{t
l /f]kfO{Fdf
9LnfO{
l gfsfaGbL l s[lif
;fdu|Lx?sf] cefj
l /f;folgs
dnsf] cfoftdf sdL
l OGwg
cefjsf] sf/0f e08f/0fdf /x]sf /;folgs dnx? b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFx?df 9'jfgL ug{ g;lsg'
l nf]8;]l8+u
tyf l8hnsf] cefjn] hldgd'lgsf] kfgL tfg]/ x'g] l;rfO{df k|efj
l k|bz{gx?df
;xefuL ePsf sf/0f s[lif dhb'/x?sf] cefj
l OGwg
cefjsf sf/0fn] afln leq\ofpg] tyf leq\ofPsf] afln 9'jfgLdf cj/f]w
l lg/fzfhgs
lxpFb] aiff{
l lxpFb]
/f]kfO{sf] a]nf;Dd klg OGwg tyf /f;folgs dnsf] cefj sfod /xg'
cufl8sf] af6f] gfsfaGbLn] s[lif If]qdf b]zs} vfB ;'/Iffsf] cj:yfnfO{ r'gf}lt lbFb}, cTolws d'No j[l4 ;[hgf / s[lif÷u|fdL0f c;Gt'li6x?nfO{ a9fjf lbFb} clt k|efj kfof]]{ . oBkL of] If]qn] rfx]sf] nIf0fx?sf] dfq lgbfg geO{ o; If]qsf ;d:ofx?sf d'n sf/sx?sf] ;Daf]wg xf] . o; cWoog ;d'x;Fu hgsk'/df s'/fsfgLsf qmddf 8f= ;'/G] b| nfen] s[ifs ;d'bfox?df b]lvPsf c;Gt'li6x?nfO{ sd ug{ tLg txsf ;dfwfgx? ;'emfP . pgsf ;'emfjx?M != lj:tfl/t l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfx?M t/fO{ dw]z If]q eP/ aUg] sf]zL, sdnf / gf/fo0fLh:tf 7'nf gbLx?nfO{ Plss[t ug{ ;lsG5 / lj:tfl/t l;FrfO{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5
c;/x? l b]zsf]
s'n s[lif pTkfbgdf @! k|ltzt of]ubfg lbg] wfgaflnsf] hldgsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf x|f; cfpg' l wfgafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj qmdzM $=#* k|ltzt, !)=@@ k|ltzt, ^=!! k|ltzt qm[0ffTds j[l4 l ux'Fsf] pTkfbgdf ^ k|ltzt b]lv @)=% k|ltzt cg'dflgt lu/fj6 l cy{ dGqfnon] cf=j= @)&@–&# sf] cfly{s ;j]I{ f0fdf s[lif If]qsf] j[l4 !=# k|ltzt dfq /xg] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 l OGwgsf] cefjsf sf/0f s[lif pTkfbgx? h:t} t/sf/L tyf cGo afnLx? ahf/If]q tyf ;+sng s]Gb|x?df 9'jfgL ug{ ;lsPg l s[lif dhb'/x?sf] cefj / OGwg tyf /f;folgs dn sfnf]ahf/df clt pRr d'Nodf lsGg'k/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ afnL pTkfbgsf] pRr nfut l gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f t/fO{ dw]z If]qsf] k|bz{g x'g] :yfgx?df hghLjg k|efljt ePsf sf/0fn] dhb'/x? /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hL ub}{ ef/t ;lxt cGo :yfgx?df uP h;n] ubf{ oL If]qx?df s[lif dhb'/x?sf] cefj ;[hgf eof] h;af6 gx/n] l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf gePsf s[lif hldgsf] 7'nf] lx:;f l;FrfO{ ug{ ;lsG5 . s[ifsx?df /x]sf] c;Gt'li6 x6fpg s[lif ;+a[l4 dxTjk'0f{ ;]km\6L eNe aGg;S5 / l;FrfO{ To;sf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f xf] h;n] s[lif ;+a[l4nfO{ d't{ ?k lbg;S5 . @= x'nfsL dfu{x?sf] lj:tf/M hLjg:t/sf] ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu ;8ssf] cTolws Ifdtf x'G5 . obL clxn]sf] x'nfsL dfu{nfO{ Jofks ?kdf :t/f]GgtL tyf lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsPdf ;'b[9 ;~hfn / kx'Frn] x'g] cfly{s ultljwLx?sf] a[l4sf sf/0f o;sf] bL3{sfn;Dd ;sf/fTds k|efj /xG5 . #= lak|]If0f cfk|jfxnfO{ pTkfbgd'ns If]qdf pkof]uM xfn;Dd g]kfnn] g]kfnL sfdbf/x?n] ljb]zaf6 b'v u/]/ 3
;Defljt k|efjx? l Go'g
pTkfbg, Go'g cfDbfgL tyf Go'g nufgLsf] pNemgsf] hf]lvdn] pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpFbf u|fdL0f tyf s[lif qm[0fef/df j[l4
l
Psftkm{ pTkfbgsf] pRr nfut / csf]{tkm{ ef/taf6 ;:tf]df cfofltt cGgafnL;Fusf] k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f s[lif cfDbfgL ;+s'lrt x'G5 eg] sd pTkfbgsf sf/0f 3f6f ;d]t x'G5
l
vfB cfoftdf a[lb\bsf] ;Defjgf . g]kfn klxn] g} v'b vfB cfoft ug]{ b]z xf] .
l b]zsf
ljleGg 7fpFx?df vfB ;+s6sf] hf]lvd
sdfPsf] lak|]If0f cfDbfgLsf] pRrtd kmfO{bf lng ;s]sf] 5}g / emG8} clwsf+; /sd pkef]Uo ;fdu|Ldf vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 . of] /sdnfO{ s[lif tyf s[lifdf cfwfl/t n3' pwf]ux?df nufpg ;s] o;n] ;a}nfO{ kmfO{bf x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf x'G5 . o;n] b]zsf] cfly{s ultljwLx?nfO{ a9fpg] d2t u5{ . g]kfnsf k'jL{ t/fO{sf lhNnfx? h:t} k;f{, af/f, /f}tx6, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, wg'iff, l;/fxf / ;Kt/L lhNnfx?nfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ Nofpg nfu]sf] ;/sf/sf] ;+a[b\b t/fO{— dw]z l;rfO{ ljz]if sfo{qmd of]hgf :jfutof]Uo sbd xf] .3 oBkL g]kfnsf] gLlt sfof{Gjogsf r'gf}ltx? /
xfn ljBdfg ax'cfoflds k|s[ltsf ;d:ofx?sf sf/0fn] o;nfO{ s[lif If]qdf ljBdfg ;a} c;Gt'li6sf r'gf}ltx? ;dfwfgsf] cr's pkfosf] ?kdf dfGg ;lsGg . xfn} k'gf]{bo ePsf] csf]{ dxTjk'0f{ l:jsf/f]lQm b]zleq} 7'nf] :t/sf] /f;folgs dn pTkfbg ug]{ pwf]ux?sf] cfjZostfsf] cfTd;ft xf] . g]kfnn] k|To]s aif{ caf}{ ?k}+ofsf] dn cfoft ub{5 h;n] a}b]lzs d'b|f ;+lrltnfO{ sd ub{5 eg] Jofkf/ 3f6fsf] a[l4 x'G5 . ;fy} s[ifsx?nfO{ /f;folgs dnsf nflu ;x'lnot klg k|bfg
ul/G5 . obL of] :yfgLo txdf pTkfbg x'Fbf] xf] t cfoftdf nfUg] yk vr{ sd ug{ ;lsGYof] / ;/sf/n] ;x'lnotdf lbg] art x'g] ;|f]t s[lif If]qsf] cGo pTkfbgd'ns tl/sfx?df nufpg ;SYof] . nufgL af]8{ g]kfnn] /f;folgs dn sf/vfgfnfO{ Pp6f ;Defljt a}b]lzs nufgLsf] If]qsf] ?kdf klxrfg u/]sf] 5 / k|ltaif{ % xhf/ d]l6«s 6g pTkfbg Ifdtf ;lxt nueu !=$ ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ ;Defljt nufgLsf] cfFsng u/]sf] 5 .4 oBkL k'0f{ ?kdf cfTdlge{/tf
b]zleq} sRrf kbfy{x?sf] pTkfbg gx'Fbf;Dd ;Dej /xFb}g . pTkfbgsf] dfqf / pTkfbsTjsf] a[l4;Fu} s[lif If]qnfO{ jftfj/0fLo Pj+d\ dfgj;[lht afx\o em6\sfx?sf] ;fdfgf ug{;Sg] agfpg ;/sf/ s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo @ -ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo ug]{, vfB;'/Iff / pGgt kf]if0f k|flKt ug]{ / lbuf] s[lifsf] k|a4{g ug{]_ k'/f ug{ lbuf] s[lif cEof;x? cfTd;ft ubf{ / ljQLo ;]jfx? h:t} s[lif aLdfsf] kx'Frdf ;'wf/ Nofpbf oL r'gf}tLx? ;Daf]wgdf 7'nf] 6]jf k'Ug;S5 .
lj:t[t k|ltj]bgsf] nflu tnsf ln+sx¿df hfg'xf];\ . www.nepaleconomicforum.org www.asd.org.np
:yfgLo txdf p7]sf cfjfhx?
d}n] of] kfln s]xL klg /f]Kg ;lsFg . s;/L /f]Kg ;s'F< oxfF aiff{ g} ePg / oxfF d}n] v]tL ug]{ If]qdf l;FrfO{sf] ;'ljwf klg 5}g . obL cj:yf /fd|f] ePsf] eP d}n] t/sf/L /f]Kg ;SyF] . clxn] To:tf] ;Defjgf 5}g . — aL/]G›gu/ ;'v]{tsf Ps s[ifs -kf}if d;fGt @)&@_ of] aif{ s[lif If]q g/fd|f];Fu k|efljt eof] . ;j{k|yd ;/sf/n] /f;folgs dnsf] kof{Kt cfk"lt{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;s]g . o;n] ubf{ lxpFb] aflnsf lapx?sf] /f]kfO{Fdf klxnf g} 9Lnf eof] . of] aif{sf] xfn;Dd d}n] pTkfbgdf %) k|ltzt sdL cfO{;s]sf] cg'ej u/]s]f 5' . d}n] ef/taf6 /f;folgs dn Nofpg] ;f]r]sf] lyPF t/ k|x/Ln] ;dfTof] eg] d]/f] dn dfq xf]Og ;fO{sn ;d]t hkmt ul/lbG5 . s]xL dflg;x? 5g\ h;n] ef/taf6 NofPsf] dn pRr d'Nodf a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . Ps af]/f dnsf] ;fdfGo b/efp em08} !@ ;o ?k}+of xf] t/ pgLx/ o;nfO{ !% ;o b]lv @ xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . hf];Fu a9L k};f xfn]/ lsGg ;Sg] Ifdtf 5 pgLx?n] dfq sfnf]ahf/af6 lsGg ;S5g\ . ;a}n] t ;Sb}gg\. — u'nl/of, alb{ofsf Ps ls;fg ;Ldfgfdf /f;folgs dnsf] t:s/L gofF s'/f xf]O{g . of] k|To]s aif{ x'G5 . of] aif{sf] ;d:of s] /x\of] eg] h]hlt t:s/L g]kfnleq eof] Tof] kxf8L lhNnfx?df OGwg cefjsf sf/0fn] 9'jfgL x'g ;s]g . — jL/u+hsf Ps :yfgLoaf;L xfdLn] cGgafnL leq\ofpg] ;dodf / ux'Fsf] lap 5bf{ 6\ofS6/ ef8fdf NofpF5f}+ . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf 6\ofS6/n] k|lt306f ^ ;o ?k}+of ef8f lnG5 . gfsfaGbLsf] a]nf / l8hnsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] 6\ofS6/sf] ef8f a9]/ k|lt306f xhf/ ?k}+of k'Uof] . — sf7df8f}+sf Ps s[ifs s[ifsx? sd pTkfbg sd cfDbfgLsf] b'irqmdf km:g] ;Defjgf w]/} 5 . of] ;dosf] sd pTkfbgsf] cy{ sd cfDbfgL xf] h;sf] cy{ csf]{ df};ddf sd nufgL xf] . sd nufgLn] sd pTkfbg / of] rqmnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] tkm{ 8f]xf]/\ofpF5 . o;n] bL3{sfn;Dd k|efj kf5{ lsgsL Tof] rqm cfpFbf aif{x?;Dd klg sfod /xG5 . — 8f= ;'/]Gb| nfe, k|fWofks÷zf]wstf{, hgsk'[/ “Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2013/2014 (2070/071)”, Ministry of Agricultural Development”, December 2014, http://www.moad.gov.np/uploads/files/Year%20book%202014.pdf 2 “Preliminary production estimate for some major summer crops Fiscal Year 2072/73”, Ministry of Agricultural Development, Mid-November to Mid-December, 2015. 3 “Rs22b irrigation scheme for Tarai-Madhes planned”, The Kathmandu Post, April 2, 2016, http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2016-04-02/rs22birrigation-scheme-for-tarai-madhes-planned.html 4 “Chemical Fertilizer Plant”, Office of the Investment Board, http://ibn.gov.np/project/chemical-fertilizer-plant 1
4