Jan 18th, 2008: Nuclear Fallout Part Three

Cover Page The Staff and Sword Ministry/Preparation January 18, 2008

NUCLEAR FALLOUT - Part Three FALL OUT SHELTERS Assembled and written by: Chuck-JOHNEL POSSIBLE FALLOUT PROTECTION FACTORS (FPFs) AT THE LOCATIONS INDICATED BY THE DOTS

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1 250-1000

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Figure 4-2. Deep basements and buried shelters have high FPFs (1000 and

above) .

They provide good protection against gamma radiation from

fallout. Tall buildings also provide good protection against gamma radi-

ation from fallout in the locations indicated by dots in the drawing, but they provide little protection against blast.

The FPFs indicated above

are for isolated buildings.

Tne FPFs would be higher for ground-level and below-ground shelters that are surrounded or partly surrounded by buildings.

The first floors of houses and partially buried basements

have low FPFs and provide little protection against gamma radiation from

fallout.

The above is drawn from page 4.7 of the Radiation Safety in Shelters book (dated September 23, 1983) issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The following is drawn from the book, " NO SUCH THING AS DOOMSDAY " written by Phillip L. Hoag, Yellowstone River Publishing, P.O. Box 206, Emigrant, Montana 59021

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The Staff and Sword Ministry/Preparation

(Quote) Chanter

9 - Shelter Ty

January 18, 2008

gees 91 - 93)

Fuel Tank Shelter

When beginning the task of designing an underground shelter, the prospective builder is faced with a number of different options. The builder must decide first which particular type of shelter envelope system or structural shell is the best suited to his needs. Once this important decision is made, the rest of the peripheral design considerations will start falling into place.

The structural shell options include new or used steel tanks, steel culvert, steel quonset, molded fiberglass, conventional steel reinforced concrete, thin shell concrete domes and concrete arch systems, basement shelters and expedient shelters. Each one of these shelter envelope systems has its pros and cons. No one system is going to be the best system in all environments, under all circumstances and considering budgets.

In fact, a shelter can contain combinations of a number of these options. The following section will examine the most basic shelter types with the intent of educating the reader so he can make his own decision.

Fuel Tank ShelterAdvantages: If you are an accomplished welder, (or have someone in your shelter group who is) a steel tank shelter may be your best option. The advantage of

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The Staff and Sword Ministry/Preparation y

January 18, 2008

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"NO SUCH THING AS DOOMSDAY" b b Phillip L. Hoae, note cant

WELDING - TANK SHELTER

OPTIMUM TANK EXCAVATION

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fuel tank shelters is that used steel fuel tanks are relatively inexpensive to purchase.

They can, to a limited extent, be internally outfitted in a shop before actual burial, Also, steel tanks can provide E.M.P. (Electromagnetic pulse), shielding. Steel tanks are generally watertight and can be used in areas where high water tables exist. It is much easier to weld and join together steel tanks than culvert.

If you are not an experienced welder and you intend to build a tank shelter. I suggest you research and purchase a good wire feed welder. Wire feed welders are much easier for novices to work with than are arc welders. A new Hobart wire feed welder costs about S 1,200 new.

Disadvantages: There are certain disadvantages of steel fuel tank shelters to consider. They are a confining space, generally limited to 10'6" diameter and require a floor system. Steel tanks have very little integral strength and are dependent on earth-arching to remain structurally intact. Backfilling has to be done very carefully with optimum compaction. Please note that cutting into a used fuel tank is an

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extremely dangerous operation. (Full precautions are given in the next chapter.) It can also be very difficult to clean the inside of a used diesel tank. Used fuel tanks can be rusted through in spots. New tanks are quite expensive.

Backfill & Compaction: A large shelter project, which I am personally involved in, successfully buried eleven steel tanks. I have friends who built tank shelter complexes which suffered severe deflection and shape distortion due to settling. This is usually a result of poor compaction during backfilling. The backfilling of steel tank shelters has to be done with optimum compaction of carefully selected or screened fill. Also, compaction cannot be accomplished when temperatures are freezing. When air temperatures are freezing, the application of pressure on the fill material does not produce compaction but instead produces ice crystals in the soil. This may produce the false appearance of compaction, but when the spring thaw comes, further settling and deflection of the tank or culvert will result.

Steel tanks can also suffer severe deflection and shape distortion if someone drives a heavy loader, backhoe or dozer over, or too close to, a partially buried tank or culvert.

Any rock bigger than a softball, that is buried within two feet of the tank, may eventually be forced by settling pressure directly against the tank and produce a deforming dent. Also Iarge rocks, chunks of concrete, wood, or other debris buried next to the shelter when it is backfilled will cause differences in ground structure compression. This is a specific concern if the shelter is a blast shelter which is designed to withstand extreme over-pressure.

The ideal way to control compaction and prevent deforming is to take some special steps during excavation. The hole for the tank should only be dug down to the spring line or equator point on the tank. At this point the remainder ofthe hole should be shaped to accommodate the rounded bottom of the fuel tank. The tank should then be placed in the hole and 3/4 inch minus gravel can be vibrated down around the sides into any unfilled voids. Instead of 3/4" minus gravel, a mud mixture can be slurred down around the underside of the tank. Such a slurry should be high in sand content and low in clay and the ground underneath needs to have good percolation.

The danger with such mud slurry is that the tank can float up out of the hole.

If you place a tank in a flat-bottomed hole, which has been dug to its total intended depth, it will be difficult or impossible to get adequate compaction on the underside of the tank.

If you are intending on internally outfitting a fuel tank before it is installed in the ground and backfilled be aware that the tanks tend to flatten out on the bottom once the backfill settles. This is more pronounced with 12 ft. diameter tanks. The

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i ne ararr and woru iviinistryirrepararion Phillip L. Hoa (Quote cont'd)

January 16, Zuu^

b b ramifications are that any braces used to support the floor or partition walls will bend and end up not being at their originally intended level or position. Also, pre-framed doors will end up out of square and not closing. The curved side walls of the tank, due to overhead pressure, will tend to expand away from pre - fitted partition walls leaving a gap. This same settling effect will put pressure on top of any pre-fitted pa rt ition walls and bow out the surface of the wall. Using great care during the backfill process will minimize these problems but not eliminate them. clean lug:

As I previously mentioned, cleaning the inside of a used diesel tank can be a big and messy job. Used diesel tanks tend to have a fairly thick coating of hard, pasty residue on the inside walls and puddles of liquid diesel on the floor. We resorted to scraping the inside walls with a flat shovel to get this accumulated coating off. The liquid diesel can be easily soaked up with sawdust and then shoveled into old feed sacks for disposal. Make sure you dispose of the material you clean out of the tank in an environmentally safe manner. Used gas tanks are generally fairly clean on the inside, but have a greater tendency to be rusted.

(A rt hur Robinson is the preeminent authority on shelters made from fuel tanks. He is the author of "The Fighting Chance" Newsletter. Plans can he purchased from him for fuel tank shelters. Contact the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, P.D. Box 1279, Cave }unction, Oregon 97523.

(Unquote) Note b,' Chuck-JOHNEL - I'm in the process of obtaining permission to quote this book, "NO SUCH THING AS DOOMSDAY"(started without thinking about that), so I will stop quoting at this point and turn to the book, "NUCLEAR WAR

SURVIVAL SKILLS" by Cresson H. Kearny. This book is available by writing:Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, 2251 Dick George Road, Cave Junction, OR. 97523. Tele: 541-592-4142. (they ask $19.50 per copy ppd.)

OR You can order a copy through us (we still have about 7 copies on hand) at $16.60 a cop y (until they are gone).

The following shelters are ones you can build yourself. The big issue is having enough time (48 hours minimum) to construct one of these "expedient shelters." If built in a hurry they'd be a little uncomfortable, but better that than dead (the other alternative to not having a shelter in a time of radioactive fallout). Like I've said a number of times, " Better to live like a chipmunk in the ground for two weeks+ than to die a slow agonizing death due to radiation sickness. "A reality check!

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The Staff and Sword MinistrylPre^aration Ministry/Preparation

January1$, January 18,ZQt^8 2008

(QUOTESfrom (^U^TES from "NUCLEAR "NUCLEAR WAR WARSURVIVAL SURVIVA^^ ^1L a SKILLS") a successfuloutcome outcomeo#' The successful of almost almosta1! all the sh^ltershelterbuiidingexperiments indicatesthat buii^fing^x^eriments indicatesthat tens tens of of millions millions of of Americans in a nuclear war erisis crisis would work hard and successfully su^ccssfully to w build earth-covered ::^rth-ca p ered expedient expedient shelters that would would give give then thembetter better^r^^rection protection against fallout, fallout. blast, blast, and and #'ire fire than than would would all but a very small fraction fraction of of existiz^^ existing buildings. buildings. However, Hawe^er, this belief is dependent nn on two two conditions: conditions: (] (1)^ that in a desperate, worsening crisis our country's highest des^era[e, hiehest officials would sup^riy affi^iaFs supply strong, moti^^ating motivating leadership, leadership; and [^) (2) that Americans would hate havereceived--well received--wellirs in advance—shelter-building and other practical, tested • survival sur^i^ a! instruc;tiran,. instructions.

SHELTER AGAI1tiST AGAINST RADIATION RAbIATIQN The Family family pre^iousl} previousl ypictured picturede^^acua[ing evacuating by by car car ((^'ig.

Fig. 4.3) 4.3} drove dro^c 64 64 miles miles to build a shelter at the site shnw^nininFig. shown dig. 5.1.

5.1. Although Although the August August sun sun was wasper}° very hat in this irrigated hot irrigated Utah L'tahvalley, 4• a^ley,the thefamily family members member;; dicknot did notbuild buildin inthe theshade shade of q f nearb nearb y trees. To avoid digging;through digging ihroueh roots. coats, they they carried the poles about 150 feet feet ar►d and dug their trench near the edge of of the the cornfield.

The father `f"fie fuz^erand ^^i^ the theoldest eldestson sondid didmost must of q f the the work of making making chr the shelter. shelter. The The mother mother and andseccind second

son had health problems: the two y oungest oungest ci^il^ren children we re not were not accustomed accustomed to work.

The family f'ullawed followed an earlier version of the plans anr^ plans and instructions instructions given given in in A^+^endix Appendix A A for far building a Pole-Covered Trench huildin^ Trench Shelter.

Shelter. Because Because the the earth r^^as was firm firmand andstable, stahle,the tl^etrenches trencheswere weredug dui with • ^vertical ertica! tiailti. balls. If the earth earth had had been beenless lessstable. stable.iE it • would ha4 would have e heen beennecessary necessarytotosln^e slope the the walls---walls— increasing increasin^ the width at a[ the top of the main main trench trench l^r^m 3': from 3^;':toto55feet. feet.

Before placing 8efnre placing the the roof roof doles. poles. the workers assured ttiemsei^es themselves a more ^vmfnrtable comfortable shelter shelter by by • cor covering erin^ the trench walls. The Theev had brought brau^ht a !arse large q i the number number of the plastic piasti^ garbage garb^^,e bags hags required required in their home community and split sornc some bags open to make wall ca^rrinis. wail coverings.Bed Bedst^^ets sheetsor orother otherci^^th cloth could have been used.

The q f this The r^orrE room of ti^as6-person fi-person shelter shelter was was 3'3: ^ feet feet wide, 4'^; wide.

4'i; feet high, high, end andt16".

6^!: feet Feetlong. long. A A small small sttindst^irdup hc^fe hole was wasdug dugat atone oneend, end, so so each each tall tall occupant aceupans could stand up u^ and and stretch stretch several se ►-era1times timesaa day. day.

• The trenches far for entry entry ar^d and emergency emergcnc} exit exitwere were dug only ?2 22 inchas inches wide, wide, to tomin;rxYi7e minimize radiation radi;^ziUn entering the critering thz shelter shelter through through these these openings. ogenin^s. One One wall wail of these c^T thesetwo twonarrow narrow trenches trenches u^as was an an exterssion extensionc^F nF the cht

Fig. 5, dig.

5.]. ]. Placing Placing 9-foot poles far for the the roof roof of of aa Aale-Capered Pole-Covered 1^rench Trench Shelter Shelter

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(QUOTES from "NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS" - continued) 38

room wall shown on the right in Fig. 5.1. The family at and slept along the left wall, to he better shielded from radiation coming through the openings.

This shelter was designed so that its main trench could be enlarged to make a much more livable room without disturbing its completed roof. For this reason. the 9-foot roofing poles were placed offcenter, with the two extra feet resting on the ground to the right of the main room.

Whenever practical, expedient shelters should he built so that they can be readily enlarged to make semi-permanent living quarters. After it becomes safe to emerge for limited periods. occupants could sleep and spend much of their waking time in such a rainproof dugout that affords excellent protection against continuing radiation. In cold weather, living in a dugout like this is more comfortable than living in a tent or shack. After the fallout radiation dose rate outdoors has decayed to less than about 2 R per hour. the small vertical entry could be enlarged and converted to a steeply inclined stairway.

The importance of giving inexperienced shelter builders detailed instructions is illustrated b y the unnecessary work done by the young women shown in Fig. 5.2. They had agreed to try to build a PoleCovered Trench Shelter, working unassisted and using only hand tools. Because the summer sun in Utah was hot, the y selected a shady site under a large tree, The brief instructions the y received included no advice on the selection of a building site. Cutting and digging out the numerous roots was very difficult for them and required several of the 22 hours they spent actuall y working.

Another disadvantage of making a shelter under trees is that more of the gamma rays from fallout particles on the leaves and branches would reach and penetrate the shelter than if these same particles were on the ground. Many gamma rays from fallout particles on the ground would be scattered or absorbed b y striking rocks, clods of earth, tree trunks, or houses before reaching a bclowground shelter.

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Fig. 5.2. Two non-athletic college girls who completed a 4-person pule-Covered Trench Shelter in 35'; hours, despite tree roots.

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ThA Staff and Sword Ministr /Preparation y

January 18, 2008

42

All of the earth excavated in digging the trenches was mounded over the roof poles, making a covering 30 inches deep. This shelter had a protection factor (PF) of over 300; that is, persons inside would receive less than Ii 300th of the gamma-ray dose of fallout radiation that they would receive if they were standing outside in the open.

To have made the roof covering more than 36 inches thick would not have increased the protection against radiation very much, unless the entry trench and the air duct-emergency exit trench had been dug considerabl longer. Field tests have shown that some families, given only 48 hours, cannot dig the longer trenches, cut the additional poles, and shovel on the additional earth necessary for a shelter that would offer significantl better protection than the shelter shown here. The pole-Covered Trench Shelter and the other shelters described in Appendix A all have been built by untrained families within 48 hours, the minimum time assumed to be available to Americans before a possible attack if the Russians should begin tg evacuate their cities. y

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EARTH ARCHING USED TO

STRENGTHEN SHELTERS

to attain "earth arching." This arching results when the yielding of the roof causes part of the load carried by the roof to he shifted to the overlying earth particles, which become rearranged in such a way that an arch is formed. This arch carries the load to surrounding supports that are less yielding. These supports often include adjacent earth that has not been disturbed.

To attain earth arching, the earth covering the yielding roof must be at least as deep as half the width of the roof between its supports. Then the resultant earth arch above the roof carries most of the load. ( A familiar example of effective earth arching is

its use with sheet metal culverts under roads. The arching in a few feet of earth over a thin-walled culvert prevents it from being crushed by the weight of heavy vehicles.)

Figure 5.7 shows how a flexible roof yields under the weight of 30 inches of earth mounded over it and how earth arching develops. After the arch is formed, the only weight that the yielding roof supports is the weight of the small thickness of earth between the roof and the bottom of the arch.

Several types of expedient shelters can be made

Protective earth archingalso results if a shelter is covered with a material that compresses when

to withstand greater pressures if their roofs arc built of yielding materials and covered with enough earth

loaded, or if the whole roof or the whole shelter can be pushed down a little without being broken.

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rom "NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS" - continue From this point on I will share sketches of shelters in Kea rn y's book, shelters that could be constructed inside of 48 hours if you have the materials and some manpower.

Most of these are very temporary which Kearny calls "expedient shelters" - however, with some work they could be turned into more permanent shelters.

Kea rn y points out that one question is: "Will you have enough advance warning to have the time* to build a fallout shelter?"

*Note - A minimum of 4 8 hours is required for most "expedient shelters".

Well, while most people won't have advance warning (do you really trust the government to give you a head's-up about a possible nuclear attack?"), we do know from what JESUS told me over the years that certain key events will precede a nuclear attack.

For one, a hurricane of considerable size will slam into the Gulf Coast from Florida

to New Orleans in the month of September (likely September 9 th ). That event will come before the accidental nuclear attack in the month of December. This will give you three months advance warning.

For two, the actual accidental nuclear attack (four U.S. cities to be nuked) will precede Nuclear World War III by at least one year and 7 months (roughly two years).This would give you nearly 2 years advance warning.

On the top of the next page I show a sketch of a Basement Shelter. Gamma radiation will come right through the walls and roof of a house - it will screen out a little but most of it will come through. If you build a shelter in the basement of your home, you need all around protection - brick or concrete around and above you in the basement shelter. In that we have a pretty good idea WHEN the nuclear attacks will come, this would afford you the oppo rtunity to fill bags of di rt and stack them on the floor above your basement shelter - adding extra protection against gamma rays.

If you have a husband or wife that is reluctant to do anything now tell them about the wa rn ing signs noted above, and remind them from time to time lest they forget.

When the events happen, remind and get them moving or findihire someone who will help. At that point (warning events happen) do not take no for an answer.

January 19, 2008 The Staff and Sword Ministry/Preparation from 'NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS" - euritinued)

Pate 10

TYPICAL BASEMENT SHELTER AT

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Fig. 15. Ventilating a shelter when the air-exhaust opening is too small.

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January 20, 2008

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Fig. 17.2. Permanent Family Fallout Shelter or Dual Use.

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Note in Fig. 13 that each pivot-wire is held firm and straight by 2 staples securing each end. The wire used should be at least as springy as coat

hanger wire, if string is used instead of wire, nylon cord about the diameter of coat hanger wire is best for the pivot-strings.

If the KAP is wider than 3 ft, its center vertical brace should also be covered with a 'I,-in.-thick board, and each pivot-wire should be attached to it.

Furthermore, the center of each flap should be notched.

V. INSTALLATION AND ACCESSORIES A. Minimum Open Spaces Around a KAP To pump its maximum volume, an air-supply KAP with good metal hinges should be installed in its opening so that it swings only about'/: in. above the bottom of the opening and only '/ 2 in. to i in.

from the sides of the opening.

B. Adequately Large Air Passageways

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When using a KAP as an air-supply pump to force air through a shelter, it is essential to provide a low-resistance air passageway all the way through the shelter structure from an outdoor air-intake opening for outdoor air to a separate air-exhaust opening to the outdoors (see Fig. I4).

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Page 15

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(QUOTES from "NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS" -continued) In this selection of sketches or plans for shelters I've attempted to give you a cross section of possible shelters, something to think about, thinking about what plan you would like to work with/pursue.

A "last minute" shelter (expedient shelter) is going to have disadvantages: it is unlikely to be comfortable, in fact it would probably be very uncomfortable. Disposal of human wastes would be problematic and storage of food/water would be haphazard, however, it is better than nothing and surely better than death.

If you decide to build a more permanent shelter you can always upgrade it as time passes (assuming you work to build it now or in the next, say, eight months) Ventilation is important - as it shows in figure 14 (see bottom of page 14) you can draw air into the shelter using manual labor. Keep in mind that radioactive particles do NOT make the air radioactive. Radioactivity is conveyed by particles which are heavier than air. In figure 14 (bottom last page) the bottom of the door way is covered and that will stop radioactive particles from being drawn into the shelter itself (a very good thing).

DURATION: Generally the most dangerous level of radioactivity will degrade after 48 hours or two days; nonetheless, being prepared to stay in your shelter for up to two weeks or more is vital.

FOOD IN THE GARDEN IS OK: If you have a garden that is producing fruit and vegetables when the radioactivity comes, keep in mind that when the radioactive level drops to safe level that your crops in the field will be ok - all you need do is wash them. They do not become radioactive because they are exposed to it. There are a few exceptions (like berries) that do absorb the radioactivity; but for the most part all the other crops do not and are safe to consume AFTER the radioactive levels return to near normal and after you wash them with water (rise dust off).

CANNED FOOD and anything that is sealed, even though exposed to outside radioactivity (gamma rays), does not become contaminated and is safe to consume again washing off any dust is an excellent idea.

RADIATION METER: Having one is more than an excellent idea, it is a must. You cannot know if it is safe to leave the shelter or not without one, and without a rad

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(QUOTES from "NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL KILLS" - continue meter you are risking your life to go outside assuming things are ok. You CANNOT feel, taste, see or sense radioactivity whatsoever - so having a radiation meter is vital, it is a matter of life or death literally.

This is why I provided everyone with a price list on radiation equipment in the last Newsletter. If they seem pricey think about this: AFTER the accidental nuclear attack the price of these machines will rise ten times higher and you may not be able to buy one for love or money or both.

PROTECT YOUR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND THAT MEANS THE RADIATION METER TOO: When Nuclear World War III comes our enemies will more than likely (about 100% positive) explode an EMP Bomb over the U.S. that will fry all electric equipment in one blow. Radio, TV, watches, clocks, heaters, autos, and radiation meters, etc. will be hit with what is called an "Electronic Magnetic Pulse" (= E.M.P.) - that will fry the electronic circuits and they will no longer work.

FARADAY CAGE: If you buy a radiation meter, buy a .50 caliber ammo vox (go to an Army Surplus store and ask for one or more) - wrap the radiation meter and any electrical devices you want to preserve with cloth (towel, old clothing, blanket, etc.) and insert it in the .50 caliber ammo box and shut it. The metal cover will prevent the EMP surge from entering the box and doing harm to your electrical devices inside the box. Make sure the rad meter and other devices do NOT TOUCH THE INSIDE METAL OF THE .50 CALIBER AMMO BOX. The NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS book shows you how to build you own radiation meter - step by step.

NUTRIENTS TO HAVE ON HAND IN THE SHELTER Storing these in your shelter is recommended as these will help protect your body against damage from radiation and will increase your immune system against disease and sickness.

VITAMIN E: A supplement called alpha-tocopherol-acetate. It is synthetic and stores much better than natural E sources. Large amounts (1000 IU per day) is suggested after radiation exposure.

Also CAROTENOID, SULFUR AMINO ACIDS, VITAMIN C, SELENIUM, and OLIVE OIL. End of report. God bless.