ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design The Urban Forest

THE URBAN FOREST AN ADAPTABLE FUTURE ECOLOGY

Nicole Zizzi

ARCH 5120 / ARCH 5220 Professor Michelle Laboy

PROJECT STATEMENT AN ADAPTABLE FUTURE & A NEW ECOLOGY

Our future is entirely dependent on the decisions we make in the present moment. Here, I propose a design for an adaptable future by carefully considering the sustainability of building materials, solar orientation, and site design. Through optimizing passive design strategies, the building is less dependent on technology and subsequently less likely to become obsolete with time.

While the glue-laminated heavy timber structure acts as a carbon battery, the site further sequesters carbon throughout time through its urban forest ecology. The trees on the site are additionally part of a stormwater management system that collects water through a green roof and drains into tree boxes, allowing for evapotranspiration. This passive stormwater system, which depends on gravity and natural processes, is meant to avoid the need for active systems as much as possible. Further, the site plan is optimized for cross ventilation in the overheated period which allows for effective cross ventilation within the building when operable windows are in use.

The system of structural glue-laminated arches supported by lateral arched knee bracing of varying size is meant to convey the field conditions of a forest, while the fenestration and shading systems of the building are meant to convey the nature of dappled light of the forest floor.

STRUCTURAL STUDIES

FIREPROOFING AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION

STRUCTURAL STUDIES GLULAMINATED HEAVY TIMBER

GLULAM

JOINTS IN LAMINATIONS: GLULAM

LVL

SCARF

LVL

FINGER

GLULAM

BY CROSS SECTION

GLULAM BEAM LOADING

CAMBERED BEAM LOADING

BEAM DEFLECTION

NO BEAM DEFLECTION

GLULAMINATED TIMBER PARAMETRIC RELATIONS

THICKNESS =(Y)”

Y 3Y

2Y THICKNESS =(Y - 10)”

HIGH SLOPE

6Y

3Y

UPPER TANGENT

9Y

LOW SLOPE

1.4 (Y)

THICKNESS =(Y - 20)”

1.1 (Y)

2X

MEDIUM SLOPE

HINGES NEEDED

THICKNESS =(Y - 30)”

Y

2X

X HIGH PITCH THICK UPPER TANGENT

LOW PITCH THIN UPPER TANGENT

4Y 12Y

ORIGIN

OPTIMAL FOR MID SPAN SHORT MAXIMUM HEIGHT Y

X

2Y 2X

3Y

OPTIMAL FOR SHORT SPAN TALL HEIGHT

OPTIMAL FOR MID SPAN MID HEIGHT

OPTIMAL FOR WIDEST SPAN RELATIVELY SHORT HEIGHT

3X

MATERIAL EXPLORATION LAMINATING AND BENDING

MATERIAL TOUCHSTONE FIREPROOFING

STRUCTURAL STUDIES

STRUCTURAL STUDIES

LATERAL SYSTEM STUDIES

SECTION MODEL FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURE

A.

FOUNDATION AND GEOLOGY B.

C

FILL

FROST LINE

ORGANICS

OUTWASH DEPOSITS

MARINE DEPOSITS

A.

B.

A.

C.

C.

STRUCTURAL BAY GIRDER - BEAM RELATIONS

18’

CAMBER IN GLU-LAMINATED TIMBER

25’ 24’

BEAM LOADING

BEAM DEFLECTION

16’ CAMBERED LOADING

SPAN

DEPTH

WIDTH

GIRDER

25’

18”

6”

BEAM

18’

12”

3.5”

BEAM

24’

14”

3.5”

BEAM

16’

12”

3.5”

NO DEFLECTION

SPAN

DEPTH

WIDTH

SIMPLE GIRDER

18’

12”

6”

GIRDER + HANGING MEZZANINE

18’

24”

12”

CAMBERED BEAM TO ACCEPT EXTRA LOAD OF HANGING MEZZANINE

STUCTURAL INTEGRATION DIAGRAM glulam arches: primary structure

Type IV Construction: Heavy Timber

glulam girders: secondary structure glulam beams: secondary structure knee bracing: lateral structure

SPAN

DEPTH

WIDTH

GIRDER

50’

34”

9”

GIRDER

25’

18”

4 1/2”

BEAM

42’

30”

7 1/2”

BEAM

36’

50’

50’

BEAM

21’

20”

6”

BEAM

18’

12”

3 1/2”

BEAM

16’

10”

3 1/2”

Glulam Arches, Girders & Beams Cross-laminated Timber Floor Slabs Concealed Steal Plate Connections Building Height: 76’

frost line

fill organics

outwash deposits marine deposits

SITE LAYOUT

OPTIMIZING CROSS VENTILATION IN THE OVERHEATED PERIOD

NNW

N

NNE NE

NW

WNW

ENE

W

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Overheated

NNW

N

NNE NE

NW

ENE

WNW

E

W

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Underheated

N

SITE LAYOUT CONCEPT MODEL

N NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

ENE

WNW

W

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Overheated

NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

WNW

ENE

W

E

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Underheated

CONCEPT MODEL AN URBAN FOREST

CONCEPT MODEL AN URBAN FOREST

SITE LAYOUT CONCEPT MODEL

N NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

ENE

WNW

W

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Overheated

NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

WNW

ENE

W

E

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Underheated

SITE LAYOUT RE-VISITED

N NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

ENE

WNW

W

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Overheated

NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

WNW

ENE

W

E

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Underheated

SITE PLAN

URBAN FOREST ECOLOGY

FACADE STRATEGIES ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS water flow summer wind southern light exposure

SHADING DEVICES NORTH FACADE vertical shading devices

8.5° N

site specific vertical shading strategies

5’ - 7 3/4” 10”

North Facade 50’ bay

SHADING DEVICES NORTH FACADE vertical shading devices

1 ITERATIONS

2

3

FENESTRATION PATTERN NORTH FACADE 40% window to wall ratio

1 1 1

Rules

in direction perpendicular to shading devices, divide dimension into 20 equal segments. according to the pattern of 2 - 1 - 1- 1 , poche every other there should be 8 of 20 open areas, giving 40% window to wall ratio

2

LAYERED SYSTEMS NORTH FACADE 50’ Structural Bay

SHADING DEVICES SOUTH FACADE horizontal shading devices

54°

59°

site specific horizontal shading strategies overheated period

1’7”

South Facade 63’ height

SHADING DEVICES SOUTH FACADE vertical shading devices

FENESTRATION PATTERN SOUTH FACADE 40% window to wall ratio

Rules

in direction perpendicular to shading devices, divide dimension into 20 equal segments. according to the pattern of 2 - 1 - 1- 1 , poche every other there should be 8 of 20 open areas, giving 40% window to wall ratio 2

1 1 1

LAYERED SYSTEMS SOUTH FACADE 25’ Structural Bay

EAST FACADES AXONOMETRIC

SITE LAYOUT AXONOMETRIC

SECTION MODEL DAPPLED LIGHT

SECTION MODEL DAPPLED LIGHT

South Facades

North Facades

SECTION MODEL DAPPLED LIGHT

South Facade Interiors

PRE-FAB SIP PANELS CEDAR CLAD RAINSCREEN

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

z-clip applied directly to OSB 3/4” weather proofed cedar panel

5/8” gypsum interior finish

roller applied liquid membrane: air & moisture barrier

5 5/8” foam insulation 7/16” OSB particle board

7/16” OSB particle board

pre-fabricated structural panel

CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM LVL MULLIONS AND TRIPLE GLAZING

structural insulated panel and cladding system triple glazed window panel laminated veneer lumber mullion

INTENSIVE GREEN ROOF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

parapet cap with drip edges 4’ parapet air and water barriers cedar cladding 6 1/2” SIP cedar drainage reveal stormwater drainage

vegetation 6” intensive soil mix 4” granular drainage 1/4” protection mat 12 1/4” structural insulated palnel sub-structure

LANDSCAPE DETAIL

TREE BOX FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

flood bubbler 4” dry paving 2” stone dust settling bed 8” crushed stone 3’ structural soil 12” crushed stone perforated subdrain compacted subgrade

structural insulated panel and cladding system triple glazed window panel laminated veneer lumber mullion

flood bubbler 4” dry paving 2” stone dust settling bed 8” crushed stone 3’ structural soil 12” crushed stone perforated subdrain

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

compacted subgrade

tree species onsite

american holly (coniferous) black cherry (deciduous) atlantic white cedar (coniferous) black tupelo (deciduous)

parapet cap with drip edges 4’ parapet air and water barriers cedar cladding 6 1/2” SIP

storm water flow

cedar drainage reveal stormwater drainage

vegetation 6” intensive soil mix

vertical furring strip applied to OSB

4” granular drainage

3/4” weather proofed cedar panel

1/4” protection mat 12 1/4” structural insulated palnel sub-structure

5/8” gypsum interior finish

roller applied liquid membrane: air & moisture barrier

5 5/8” foam insulation 7/16” OSB particle board

7/16” OSB particle board

pre-fabricated structural panel

ENVELOPE INTEGRATION DRAWING

ELEVATION NORTH

ELEVATION SOUTH

SITE SECTION PUBLIC WALKWAY

lo - hi

hi - hi

HARVARD RULES ALL

THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS

The inaccessibility of education creates a drastic class divide because workers aren’t educated enough to know their basic rights. Those who can afford education end up funneling money into technology and AI improvement with the aim of increasing productivity and profit margins, rendering the working class obsolete.

Economic boom and free education for all leads to an uprising in creative thinking and critical problem solving. The arts and sciences have equal value leading to solutions to problems such as climate change. Sustainable solutions to agriculture lead to a growing population in need of housing. An educated population is happy, equitable, and willing to live in micro-units with shared public space for recreation.

POWER: Harvard as Developer BUILDING USE: Institutional

POWER: Market Driven BUILDING USE: mixed used communal housing and recreation

labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub

economic boom

privatization of primary school (and above) education inequalities uneducated working class

free education for all: more creative labor more trades more technology advancements

NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM With no disposable income for even the wealthiest, the government subsidizes education for those who can get into Harvard. The government pays for education, but dictates what Harvard can and can’t research. This leads to the elimination of the arts and diverts educational focus to finance, defense technology, and subliminal psychology for propaganda.

lo - lo

micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail

EDUCATED & EXILED An economic depression leads to an unprecedented unemployment rate, despite all citizens being educated. A new homeless working class emerges, leading to public health issues. Government institutes universal healthcare and compensates health care workers by providing housing. economic depression

POWER: Government as Developer & Partner with Harvard BUILDING USE: Institutional Administrative

POWER: Government as Developer BUILDING USE: mixed use housing and medical center

intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing

full service medical center public housing

hi - lo

HARVARD RULES ALL

labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub

micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail

THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS

Occupancy : ~ 1,400

Occupancy : ~ 2,300

Live load: (heavy storage) 250 psf

Live load: (light manufactoring): 125psf

Internal sensible load: ~2,000,000 btu/hr

Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr

Internal load > envelope load cooling condition

Internal load < envelope load heating condition

based on building area 140,500 sf envelope conduction: -1,907,375 btu/hr

NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM

intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing

full service medical center public housing

EDUCATED & EXILED

Occupancy : ~ 1,400 Occupancy : ~ 700 Live load: (light manufactoring) 125psf

Live load: (hospital operating rooms): 60 psf Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr

Internal sensible load: ~700,000 btu/hr Internal load < envelope load heating condition

Internal load < envelope load heating condition

HARVARD RULES ALL

labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub

micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail

THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS

Occupancy : ~ 1,400

Occupancy : ~ 2,300

Live load: (heavy storage) 250 psf

Live load: (light manufactoring): 125psf

Internal sensible load: ~2,000,000 btu/hr

Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr

Internal load > envelope load cooling condition

increase girder depth add extra beams

Internal load < envelope load heating condition

based on building area 140,500 sf envelope conduction: -1,907,375 btu/hr

NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM

intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing

full service medical center public housing

EDUCATED & EXILED

Occupancy : ~ 1,400 Occupancy : ~ 700 Live load: (light manufactoring) 125psf

Live load: (hospital operating rooms): 60 psf Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr

Internal sensible load: ~700,000 btu/hr Internal load < envelope load heating condition

Internal load < envelope load heating condition

HARVARD RULES ALL

labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub

micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail

THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS

Occupancy : ~ 1,400

Occupancy : ~ 2,300

Live load: (heavy storage) 250 psf

Live load: (light manufactoring): 125psf

Internal sensible load: ~2,000,000 btu/hr

Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr

Internal load > envelope load cooling condition

increase girder depth add extra beams

Internal load < envelope load heating condition

ACTIVE SYSTEMS NEEDED Central All-Air System single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool

based on building area 140,500 sf envelope conduction: -1,907,375 btu/hr

NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM

intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing

full service medical center public housing

EDUCATED & EXILED

Occupancy : ~ 1,400 Occupancy : ~ 700 Live load: (light manufactoring) 125psf

Live load: (hospital operating rooms): 60 psf Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr

Internal sensible load: ~700,000 btu/hr Internal load < envelope load heating condition

PASSIVE HEATING STRATEGIES

Internal load < envelope load heating condition

HARVARD RULES ALL Central All-Air System: single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool

HALF OF BUILDING: 70,250 SF Major Heating and Cooling Equipment cooling capacity 250 - 350 tons total space for boiler room and chilled water plant 1075 - 1250 sf space for cooling towers 250 - 325 sf Air Handling Spaces cooling air volume 100,300 - 100,700 CFM area of main supply or return ducts 70 - 85 sf area of branch supply or return ducts 125 - 160 sf area of fan rooms 310 - 400 sf area of fresh air louvers 200 - 290 sf area of exhaust air louvers 250 - 300 sf

HARVARD RULES ALL Central All-Air System: single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool

HALF OF BUILDING: 70,250 SF Major Heating and Cooling Equipment cooling capacity 250 - 350 tons total space for boiler room and chilled water plant 1075 - 1250 sf space for cooling towers 250 - 325 sf Air Handling Spaces cooling air volume 100,300 - 100,700 CFM supply ducts

area of main supply or return ducts 70 - 85 sf

return ducts

area of branch supply or return ducts 125 - 160 sf

chimney cooling tower boiler room and chillded water plant fan room fresh air louvers exhaust louvers

area of fan rooms 310 - 400 sf area of fresh air louvers 200 - 290 sf area of exhaust air louvers 250 - 300 sf Central All-Air System: single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool

Ductwork Caclulations 6 floors, 20 bays main supply/return ducts: 70 - 85 sf branch supply/return ducts: 125 -160 sf

34’ / 6 floors

=

5’ 6” aggregate width per floor

28’ - 34’

160’ / 6 floors

125’ - 160’

aggregate width

26.5’ aggregate width per floor

26.5’ / 20 bays

aggregate width

=

=

5’ 6” aggregate width per floor

1’ 6 1/2” 2’ 9”

=

3’ 1 “ aggregate width per structural bay

1’ 6 1/2”

2’ 9”

main supply & return ducts: 70 - 85 sf

branch supply & return ducts: 125 -160 sf

=

3’ 1 “ aggregate width per structural bay

50’

20’ boiler room 1250sf

separated by 10’

45’ cooling tower 325sf

fresh air louvers 270sf

45’

exhaust louvers 270sf 110’

fan room ~400sf

HARVARD RULES ALL: SCENARIO 1 ACTIVE COOLING SYSTEM Central All-Air System, single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for intake of cool outdoor air

140,500sf building area envelope conduction: -1,907,375 Btu/hr Cooling Condition

use: labs, classrooms, tech warehouse, supercomputer hub occupancy: ~ 1,400 live load: (heavy storage) 250psf internal sensible load: 2,000,000 Btu/hr Internal load > envelope load

SCENARIO 2 :NO

Heating Condition use: intelligence offices, classrooms, light manufacturing occupancy: ~ 700 live load: (light manufacturing) 125 psf internal sensible load: 700,000 Btu/hr Internal load < envelope load

MONEY, NO PROBLEM

ACTIVE HEATING SYSTEM Central All Water System, hydronic convectors economical to operate PASSIVE SYSTEM Cross ventilation, cooling overheated period N NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

WNW

ENE

W

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Overheated

NNW

N

NNE

NW

NE

WNW

ENE

W

E

WSW

ESE

SW

SE SSW

S

SSE

Allston Underheated

fan room

boiler room & chilled water plant

increased load capacity deeper girders & extra beams

hydronic convector heating operable windows cross ventilation in overheated period

fan room adjacent to building envelope to allow for fresh air intake & exhaust

supply cooled air return air

heated water supply water return