ECO-SKELETON
ALLAN COHEN JAZMIN CABRERA
HISTORICALLY IN ARCHITECTURE, THERE HAS BEEN A MISCONCEPTION OF LINKING A SPECIFIC USE TO A BUILDING. THIS SEMESTER WE HAVE LEARNED THE IMPORTANCE OF A BUILDING BEING SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHANGE. OUR MAIN GOAL WITH OUR BUILDING IS SO THAT IT CAN BE ADAPTABLE THROUGHOUT THE DECADES. WE HAVE LEARNED THE IMPORTANCE OF DURABILITY, AND THE WAYS OUR PROJECT CAN MORPH TO DIFFERENT LIFE SCENARIOS. OUR OBJECTIVE IS TO CREATE A RESILIENT STRUCTURE AND ECOSYSTEM THAT COULD ALWAYS BECOME SOMETHING ELSE DEPENDING ON ITS NEED
Table of Contents Part 1 - Structural
4
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
12
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
28
strength through triangulation
Part 1 - Structural
4
Why choose a Diagrid? They can expand vertically Stability because of triangulation Combines lateral and gravity loads Uses less quantity of material (20% average) Less load for foundations Provide redundancy in case of structural failure
Part 1 - Structural
5
ponents Components Nodes/Triangulation Components 3 Dimensional Diagrid Diagrid Nodes/Triangulation Diagrid
Steel MembersSteel Members Steel Members WideMembers Flange I-Beam 3 Dimensional Diagrid 50° Steel Components
3 Dimensional Diagrid
24’-0”
Wide Flange I-Beam Wide Flange I-Beam
HSS 12 x 12
Steel Members
3 Dimensional Diagrid
Diagrid
24’-0”
Diagrid to
W30x116
20’-0”
Open Web Steel Joist
50°
50°
50°
Ring Beam
Ring Beam
3 Dimensional Diagrid
Open Web Steel Joist
50°
Steel Members
Diagrid to Concrete Slab
Ring Beam
Wide Flange I-Beam
Ring Beam
24’-0”
Open Web Steel Joist
W30x116 Anchorage Bars W30x116
HSS 12 x 12 Base Plate
Node
50°
W30x116
Node
Node
Anchorage Bars
NodeJoist Open Web Steel
HSS 12 x 12
Components Components Components Components
Diagrid Diagrid Diagrid
Node
HSS 12 x 12 HSS 12 x 12 Expansion Steel Members SteelDiagrid Members Steel Members
33Dimensional DimensionalDiagrid Diagrid 3 Dimensional Diagrid
Wide WideFlange FlangeI-Beam I-Beam Wide Flange I-Beam
Steel Floor Decking
W30x116 W30x116 W30x116
HSS 12 x 12 Open OpenWeb WebSteel SteelJoist Joist Open Web Steel Joist
50° 50° 50°
Ring RingBeam Beam Ring Beam
Node Node Node
HSS 12 xx 12 HSS 12 HSS 12 x12 12 Part 1 - Structural
Structural Components
6
Steel F
Diaphragm System Welded Wire Fabric
Node Design Ring I-Beam
Concrete Slab
Foundation Details I-Beam connection to node
Fill Organics Outwash Deposits
Slab Pier Foundation Wall Welded Shear Studs
Part 1 - Structural
Open Web Joist
Diagrid
Connector Plates
Diagrid Node
HSS Diagonal Member
Structural Details
Slab Footing
7
Our goal is to design a building where it’s structure facilitates the integration of the components of a High Performance Building, some of those are: Gravity and Lateral Loads, Circulation, Infrastructure, Egress/Emergency Services, Fire Resistance, among others. After thorough research and iterations, we decided to choose the Diagrid as the primary steel structural component of our building. The diagrid has many benefits when compared to the average structure. It has more stability due to the fact that its form is a triangulated system of members that provide strength in tension and compression. The diagrid system combines the resistance to lateral and gravity loads, and provides an alternate load path in case of a structural failure. It uses on average 20% less material making it more sustainable and lighter. Using the diagrid system, the removal of load-bearing columns is applicable creating open spaces for adaptable and flexible use.
Part 1 - Structural
Steel Manifesto
8
1
2
Part 1 - Structural
Integrated Building Systems // Structure + Grounding
9
Part 1 - Structural
1/8� Model // Structural Detailing 1
10
Part 1 - Structural
1/8� Model // Structural Detailing 2
11
dynamic enclosure + landscape ecology
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
12
A building’s purpose, in the simplest of terms, is to provide shelter for people. In our increasingly declining environment, the buildings created for the human species disrupt the habitats for animal species. We propose to design a building that serves as an ecological host for an endangered species, creating moments for their habitat in both building and landscape. Additionally, we propose to integrate the life of the two species in one project through careful design of their circulation flows. The building itself serves to better the environment by using passive and sustainable strategies, while also creating an ecological landscape.
Allston, Boston, MA
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Harvard Master Plan green corridor extension into our site
Site Location
14
AIR QUALITY 2019
AIR QUALITY 2008
GOOD 96.45%
OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
98.02% 100% 100% 100% 66.67%
MODERATE 3.55%
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
1.91% 0% 0% 0% 33.33%
GOOD 90.81%
OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Air Quality through time
92.25% 100% 73.18% 100% 93.33%
MODERATE 7.52%
OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
7.48% 0% 18.43% 0% 6.67%
OZONE UNHEALTHY FOR SENSATIVE GROUPS CO
1.67%
SO2 PM10 PM2.5
0.26% 0% 8.39% 0% 0%
15
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Water Flooding
16
Water Movement
COTTON SWABS: AIR QUALITY PINS: CATCH BASINS BLUE COLLAGE: FLOODING THROUGHOUT TIME (LIGHT TO DARK)
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
2.5 Bricolage
17
VEHICLE CIRCULATION
AGGLOMERATION
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
TRIANGULATED BERMS
SUN PATH
WATER STRATEGIES
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Site Analysis
18
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Atmospheric Elevation
19
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Atmospheric Serial Sections
20
Generation GENERATION1 1
Generation GENERATION 2 2
Generation GENERATION 3 3
Early July - Late July
Adult Distribution
Early June - Early July
Immature Distribution
Late July - September Immature Distribution
September - March
Adult Distribution
Late April - Late May Adult Distribution
Late March - Late April
Immature Distribution
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Butterfly Migration
21
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Metal Mesh Shading System - Axonometric
22
Before installing shading system -South Facade
Before installing shading system -Roof Garden
After installing shading system -South Facade
After installing shading system -Roof Garden
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Lighting Study
23
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
Technical Section
24
1 Roof Assembly operable louvers
Building Axonometric & Passive Flows
metal mesh sunshading
A
1
parapet with flashing roof membrane
ring beam
HSS diagonal member diagrid node cladding node cover
rigid insulation concrete slab exoskeleton diagrid
2
metal stud wall
connector plates
metal panel cladding exterior rigid insulation
suspended ceiling
thermal break plate
interior insulation
ring I beam
3
internal beam
air & water barrier
external beam node connection gypsum & interior finish metal stud
bolted & welded connection
2 Typical Floor
B
Assembly
window member metal decking metal decking
ring I beam
4� concrete slab
metal mesh sunshading
grey water to be treated through constructed wetland
metal sill DIAGRID DETAIL ABOVE
steel web joist
fireproofing over steel beam
natural ventilation flow thru atrium stack effect
suspended ceiling flow of people thru the landscape
metal panel
animal & vegitation flow
metal cladding HSS diagonal member
C
A Typ
rigid insulation
ical D
iagri d
metal cladding panel
Faca d
e Sy s
3 Ground Floor
tem
metal mesh terrace
B Ext
erior
Diag rid D e
tail
Assembly diagrid node
plant terrace extruded interior node
rigid insulation vapor & air barrier exterior cladding (exposed to exterior ceiling) retaining concrete wall concrete enclosed steel I beam insulating ceiling membrane
exterior insulation waterproofing membrane drainage pipe
3� concrete slab vapor barrier rigid insulation concrete footing
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
metal mesh sunshading
concrete foundation rigid insulation interior
Integrated Building Systems // Envelope + Landscape
extruded exterior node
C Inte
rior D iagri d
Deta il
25
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
1/32� Model // Massing-Landscape
26
Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems
1/8� Model // Envelope Details
27
program as a ‘conceptual structure’
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
28
HEAVY POLLUTION
HUMAN INDOOR LIVING
RE-BIRTH
Since the industrialization, humans have been contaminating the world with pollutants. Cars, trucks, trains, airplanes, factories, volcanos, wildfires, among others, have generated a severe quantity of pollutants in the air. These pollutants/gases are called aerosols. Nowadays, these gases are not as harmful as to what they will be. In the next 10-30 years, the abusive generations of pollutants in the air will indeed affect the human population. There will be many diseases like heart disease, lung disease, cancer, among other health problems. Because of the toxic air quality, millions of humans and animals, will be at a high mortality rate.
Now that the air is highly polluted filled with toxic contaminants, the human race will have to live and accommodate themselves indoors. Humans will not be able to be in the outdoors because of the risk of getting sick and attracting a disease. Because they will live indoors, humans will get used to this new way of living. They will do all their normal activities in enclosed spaces. To survive, advancements in technology will emerge. Animals will start to appear and live freely in the outdoors
The rate of air quality will drastically decrease. Progressively, pollution will decrease and the small amount of animals that survived the toxic air, are already living in the outdoors. The landscape of the world will be appropriated by animals. However, humans are starting to be able to go to the outdoors. There starts to be a balance between humans and animals in the world. Because of everything that happened, humans are much more cautious with pollution and climate change, and they will care for the well-being of the earth.
Scenarios
WORLD GETS HOT DUE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMIC CRISIS
CONTAMINATION INCREASES
HUMANS STAY INDOORS TO SURVIVE
DEATHS OF LIVING BEINGS
AGGLOMARATION OF PEOPLE
AIR QUALITY IS HARMFULL
SEA LEVEL RISES
TOXIC WASTE
PRESENT
2045
HEAVY POLLUTION Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
HUMANS LIVE INDOORS
LESS LAND BECAUSE OF SEA LEVEL RISE 2070
HUMAN INDOOR LIVING
Scenario Diagram
ANIMALS START TO RE-APPEAR ON THE OUTDOORS
OBESITY INCREASES DUE LACK OF MOBILITY
ANIMALS TAKE OVER THE EXTERIOR WORLD LIVING INDOORS BECOMES THE “NEW WAY” OF LIFE
TECHNOLOGICAL BOOM
6-8 FEET SEA LEVEL RISE 2095
2120
ANIMALS TAKE OVER 30
ADMINISTRATIVE
RESIDENTIAL / INSTRUCTIONAL
INSTRUCTIONAL
URBAN FARM
AIR-MASKS FACTORY
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Future Scenario + Strategies
31
1. HEAVY POLLUTION
Phase 1 - DRONE START-UP factory//office
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Atmospheric Scenario 1
32
2. HUMAN INDOOR LIVING Use was not pursued further
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Atmospheric Scenario 2 - Not pursued
33
3. RE-BIRTH Phase 2 - ECOLOGICAL/AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER urban farm/instructional
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Atmospheric Scenario 3
34
“With humans in lockdown, animals flourish”
“The coronavirus pandemic has halted tourism, and animals are benefiting from it” -The Washington Post
-MNN
“Coronavirus lockdown has changed life for animals and some are returning to their natural habitats”
-Newsweekly
“Emboldened wild animals venture into locked-down cities worldwide”
“Wildlife are roaming free, while humans self-isolate” -World Economic Forum “As coronavirus restrictions empty streets around the world, wildlife roam further into cities” -The Guardian
-CNBC
“Animals Are Rewilding Our Cities”
-The New York Times Magazine
“When Humans Are Sheltered in Place, Wild Animals Will Play”
“As Humans stay indoors, wild animals take back what was once theirs”
-The Washington Post
COVID-19 Outbreak Causation
-The New York Times
“Animals are taking over”
-LA Times
Air Quality - Before and Current // Europe
Air Quality - Before and Current // China
Animals taking over // Covid-19
Before and Current // New Delhi-India
COVID-19 Outbreak Causation
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Site Plan
37
RECEIVING AREA
STORAGE ROOM
<-CIRCULATION
SORTING SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE
RESTROOMS
ELEVATOR
CIRCULATION->
ASSEMBLING PHASE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE
TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE
MECHANICAL ROOM
ELECTRICAL CLOSET
EGRESS STAIRS
TRASH ROOM
DRONE TESTING
STORAGE ROOM
KITCHEN CIRCULATION->
READY FOR INVENTORY SHIPMENT
RESTROOMS INVENTORY/ STORAGE MECHANICAL ROOM
ATRIUM DRONE TESTING
PICK-UP AREA
ELEVATOR ELECTRICAL CLOSET
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
EGRESS STAIRS
KITCHEN
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
SHIPPING PHASE
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
CIRCULATION->
<-CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION->
TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE
TRASH ROOM
LOBBY
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
STORAGE ROOM
Rooftop Roof Garden Terraces Winter Gardens Open Plan Offices Conference Room Kitchen Area Factory Area Lobby Services Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Program Diagrams // Phase 1 - Drone Start-Up
38
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Ground Floor - Phase 1
39
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Mezzanine (GF) - Phase 1
40
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Typical Office Plan - Phase 1
41
OBBY
TRASH ROOM
MECHANICAL ROOM
ELECTRICAL CLOSET
EGRESS STAIRS
STACKED VEGETATION
SHIPPING PHASE
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
CIRCULATION->
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
STACKED VEGETATION STACKED VEGETATION
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
STACKED VEGETATION STACKED VEGETATION
STORAGE ROOM
STACKED VEGETATION STACKED VEGETATION
RESTROOMS
FARMERS MARKET
FARMERS MARKET
RESTROOMS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS
STORAGE ROOM MECHANICAL ROOM
ELEVATOR
FARMERS MARKET
FARMERS MARKET
ELECTRICAL CLOSET
EGRESS STAIRS SINKS
MECHANICAL ROOM
ELEVATOR ELECTRICAL CLOSET
ATRIUM FARMERS MARKET
FARMERS MARKET
EGRESS STAIRS
TABLES
CLEANING AREA
CIRCULATION->
LOUNGE
READY FOR MARKET
READY FOR MARKET
KITCHEN CIRCULATION->
TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS
TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS
ORGANIZING PHASE TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS
<-CIRCULATION
KITCHEN
SORTING SPACE CIRCULATION->
RIUM
ELEVATOR
TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT
LOBBY
TRASH ROOM
<-CIRCULATION
INVENTORY/ STORAGE
LOADING DOCK
READY FOR INVENTORY SHIPMENT
RESTROOMS
<-CIRCULATION
RONE STING
RONE STING
PICK-UP AREA
TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS
Rooftop Roof Garden Outdoor Classrooms Winter Gardens Indoor Classrooms Urban Farm/Research Farmers Market Services Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Program Diagrams // Phase 2 - Research Center
42
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Ground Floor - Phase 2
43
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Mezzanine (GF) - Phase 2
44
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Typical Classroom Layout - Phase 2
45
60”
60”
30”
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Accesibility Plan
46
EMERGENCY EXIT PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER ESCAPE ROUTES FIRE ALARM CALL POINT ASSEMBLY POINT FIRST AID KIT
https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/arch262/calculators/allowable-area/index.html
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Life Safety Plan
47
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Section Perspective // Phase 1
48
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Section Perspective // Phase 2
49
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
West Elevation
50
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
North Elevation
51
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
East Elevation
52
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
South Elevation
53
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Whole Building Perspective
54
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Faรงade Close-Ups
55
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Winter Garden
56
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Roof Garden
57
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Ground Floor // Phase 1
58
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Ground Floor // Phase 2
59
1 Atrium Section Fresh Air System Exhaust
Variable Air Volume ducts for fresh air source when natural ventilation isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t available. Remains the same for both scenarios. Dehumidifcation provided in VAV system for summer needs.
Skylight with operable louvers for natural ventilation. Metal mesh attached to the operable louvers for exhaust.
Heating & Cooling System
Passive natural venitaltion system with stack effect.
Radiant heating and cooling tubes within concrete slab of floors. Remains the same for both scenarios.
1
Water System
Plumbing Walls used for clean water source. Greywater treated through settling tank and constructed wetland. In first scenario greywater is reused for non-clean water needs and plantings in winter gardens. Then, both the greywater and stormwater are treated and stored in a water storage tank for use in vertical urban farming program.
Fire Sprinkler System
Vertical expansion in scenario 2
Sprinkler water pipes located through the egress stair, with separate water pump in basement. Remains the same for both scenarios.
Triangulated metal mesh shading system, exteriorly mounted.
Triangle berms create sloped paths for rainwater. Landscape will be filled with a variety of plant life to attract as many different species as possible.
Bioswale collects rainwater from perimeter of triangulated landscape.
Geothermal heat pump for radiant heating and cooling.
Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Settling tank for greywater to be treated through wetland and reused in building for both scenarios.
Constructed wetland filters and cleans the water for use in urban farming.
Integrated Building Systems // Active Systems + Human Comfort
Opaque White = Scenario 2 Changes
60
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
Winter Garden Detail at Southeast corner Creating semi-conditioned environments for human use and allowing natural ventilation through operable windows. Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Winter Garden Detail
61
Typical Stack Effect Detail
EXTERIOR
EXIT ATRIUM
Natural ventilation passes through operable windows on the exterior facade and interior curtain wall. This creates a stack effect where the hot air is now exiting through the atrium space.
Electrical Conduit/Cable Tray Horizontal distribution through Plenum Space Open web steel joist Urban farming (Scenario 2) makes use of grey water system with new added water pipe through floor system. Suspended metal mesh ceiling Air duct supply Part 3 - Use + Active Systems
Sprinkler Radiant heatVAV box head ing & cooling Typical Stack Effect Detail
Fire system main drain 62
Thank you to everybody who was involved in the making of this amazing project, despite the challenges, this is a semester to remember. -Allan & Steph