ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Eco-Skeleton

ECO-SKELETON

ALLAN COHEN JAZMIN CABRERA

HISTORICALLY IN ARCHITECTURE, THERE HAS BEEN A MISCONCEPTION OF LINKING A SPECIFIC USE TO A BUILDING. THIS SEMESTER WE HAVE LEARNED THE IMPORTANCE OF A BUILDING BEING SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHANGE. OUR MAIN GOAL WITH OUR BUILDING IS SO THAT IT CAN BE ADAPTABLE THROUGHOUT THE DECADES. WE HAVE LEARNED THE IMPORTANCE OF DURABILITY, AND THE WAYS OUR PROJECT CAN MORPH TO DIFFERENT LIFE SCENARIOS. OUR OBJECTIVE IS TO CREATE A RESILIENT STRUCTURE AND ECOSYSTEM THAT COULD ALWAYS BECOME SOMETHING ELSE DEPENDING ON ITS NEED

Table of Contents Part 1 - Structural

4

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

12

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

28

strength through triangulation

Part 1 - Structural

4

Why choose a Diagrid?

They can expand vertically Stability because of triangulation Combines lateral and gravity loads Uses less quantity of material (20% average) Less load for foundations Provide redundancy in case of structural failure

Part 1 - Structural

5

ponents Components Nodes/Triangulation Components 3 Dimensional Diagrid Diagrid Nodes/Triangulation Diagrid

Steel MembersSteel Members Steel Members WideMembers Flange I-Beam 3 Dimensional Diagrid 50° Steel Components

3 Dimensional Diagrid

24’-0”

Wide Flange I-Beam Wide Flange I-Beam

HSS 12 x 12

Steel Members

3 Dimensional Diagrid

Diagrid

24’-0”

Diagrid to

W30x116

20’-0”

Open Web Steel Joist

50°

50°

50°

Ring Beam

Ring Beam

3 Dimensional Diagrid

Open Web Steel Joist

50°

Steel Members

Diagrid to Concrete Slab

Ring Beam

Wide Flange I-Beam

Ring Beam

24’-0”

Open Web Steel Joist

W30x116 Anchorage Bars W30x116

HSS 12 x 12 Base Plate

Node

50°

W30x116

Node

Node

Anchorage Bars

NodeJoist Open Web Steel

HSS 12 x 12

Components Components Components Components

Diagrid Diagrid Diagrid

Node

HSS 12 x 12 HSS 12 x 12 Expansion Steel Members SteelDiagrid Members Steel Members

33Dimensional DimensionalDiagrid Diagrid 3 Dimensional Diagrid

Wide WideFlange FlangeI-Beam I-Beam Wide Flange I-Beam

Steel Floor Decking

W30x116 W30x116 W30x116

HSS 12 x 12 Open OpenWeb WebSteel SteelJoist Joist Open Web Steel Joist

50° 50° 50°

Ring RingBeam Beam Ring Beam

Node Node Node

HSS 12 xx 12 HSS 12 HSS 12 x12 12 Part 1 - Structural

Structural Components

6

Steel F

Diaphragm System Welded Wire Fabric

Node Design Ring I-Beam

Concrete Slab

Foundation Details I-Beam connection to node

Fill Organics Outwash Deposits

Slab Pier Foundation Wall Welded Shear Studs

Part 1 - Structural

Open Web Joist

Diagrid

Connector Plates

Diagrid Node

HSS Diagonal Member

Structural Details

Slab Footing

7

Our goal is to design a building where it’s structure facilitates the integration of the components of a High Performance Building, some of those are: Gravity and Lateral Loads, Circulation, Infrastructure, Egress/Emergency Services, Fire Resistance, among others. After thorough research and iterations, we decided to choose the Diagrid as the primary steel structural component of our building. The diagrid has many benefits when compared to the average structure. It has more stability due to the fact that its form is a triangulated system of members that provide strength in tension and compression. The diagrid system combines the resistance to lateral and gravity loads, and provides an alternate load path in case of a structural failure. It uses on average 20% less material making it more sustainable and lighter. Using the diagrid system, the removal of load-bearing columns is applicable creating open spaces for adaptable and flexible use.

Part 1 - Structural

Steel Manifesto

8

1

2

Part 1 - Structural

Integrated Building Systems // Structure + Grounding

9

Part 1 - Structural

1/8� Model // Structural Detailing 1

10

Part 1 - Structural

1/8� Model // Structural Detailing 2

11

dynamic enclosure + landscape ecology

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

12

A building’s purpose, in the simplest of terms, is to provide shelter for people. In our increasingly declining environment, the buildings created for the human species disrupt the habitats for animal species. We propose to design a building that serves as an ecological host for an endangered species, creating moments for their habitat in both building and landscape. Additionally, we propose to integrate the life of the two species in one project through careful design of their circulation flows. The building itself serves to better the environment by using passive and sustainable strategies, while also creating an ecological landscape.

Allston, Boston, MA

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Harvard Master Plan green corridor extension into our site

Site Location

14

AIR QUALITY 2019

AIR QUALITY 2008

GOOD 96.45%

OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5

98.02% 100% 100% 100% 66.67%

MODERATE 3.55%

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5

1.91% 0% 0% 0% 33.33%

GOOD 90.81%

OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5

Air Quality through time

92.25% 100% 73.18% 100% 93.33%

MODERATE 7.52%

OZONE CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5

7.48% 0% 18.43% 0% 6.67%

OZONE UNHEALTHY FOR SENSATIVE GROUPS CO

1.67%

SO2 PM10 PM2.5

0.26% 0% 8.39% 0% 0%

15

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Water Flooding

16

Water Movement

COTTON SWABS: AIR QUALITY PINS: CATCH BASINS BLUE COLLAGE: FLOODING THROUGHOUT TIME (LIGHT TO DARK)

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

2.5 Bricolage

17

VEHICLE CIRCULATION

AGGLOMERATION

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

TRIANGULATED BERMS

SUN PATH

WATER STRATEGIES

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Site Analysis

18

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Atmospheric Elevation

19

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Atmospheric Serial Sections

20

Generation GENERATION1 1

Generation GENERATION 2 2

Generation GENERATION 3 3

Early July - Late July

Adult Distribution

Early June - Early July

Immature Distribution

Late July - September Immature Distribution

September - March

Adult Distribution

Late April - Late May Adult Distribution

Late March - Late April

Immature Distribution

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Butterfly Migration

21

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Metal Mesh Shading System - Axonometric

22

Before installing shading system -South Facade

Before installing shading system -Roof Garden

After installing shading system -South Facade

After installing shading system -Roof Garden

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Lighting Study

23

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

Technical Section

24

1 Roof Assembly operable louvers

Building Axonometric & Passive Flows

metal mesh sunshading

A

1

parapet with flashing roof membrane

ring beam

HSS diagonal member diagrid node cladding node cover

rigid insulation concrete slab exoskeleton diagrid

2

metal stud wall

connector plates

metal panel cladding exterior rigid insulation

suspended ceiling

thermal break plate

interior insulation

ring I beam

3

internal beam

air & water barrier

external beam node connection gypsum & interior finish metal stud

bolted & welded connection

2 Typical Floor

B

Assembly

window member metal decking metal decking

ring I beam

4� concrete slab

metal mesh sunshading

grey water to be treated through constructed wetland

metal sill DIAGRID DETAIL ABOVE

steel web joist

fireproofing over steel beam

natural ventilation flow thru atrium stack effect

suspended ceiling flow of people thru the landscape

metal panel

animal & vegitation flow

metal cladding HSS diagonal member

C

A Typ

rigid insulation

ical D

iagri d

metal cladding panel

Faca d

e Sy s

3 Ground Floor

tem

metal mesh terrace

B Ext

erior

Diag rid D e

tail

Assembly diagrid node

plant terrace extruded interior node

rigid insulation vapor & air barrier exterior cladding (exposed to exterior ceiling) retaining concrete wall concrete enclosed steel I beam insulating ceiling membrane

exterior insulation waterproofing membrane drainage pipe

3� concrete slab vapor barrier rigid insulation concrete footing

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

metal mesh sunshading

concrete foundation rigid insulation interior

Integrated Building Systems // Envelope + Landscape

extruded exterior node

C Inte

rior D iagri d

Deta il

25

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

1/32� Model // Massing-Landscape

26

Part 2 - Site + Envelope + Passive Systems

1/8� Model // Envelope Details

27

program as a ‘conceptual structure’

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

28

HEAVY POLLUTION

HUMAN INDOOR LIVING

RE-BIRTH

Since the industrialization, humans have been contaminating the world with pollutants. Cars, trucks, trains, airplanes, factories, volcanos, wildfires, among others, have generated a severe quantity of pollutants in the air. These pollutants/gases are called aerosols.

Nowadays, these gases are not as harmful as to what they will be. In the next 10-30 years, the abusive generations of pollutants in the air will indeed affect the human population. There will be many diseases like heart disease, lung disease, cancer, among other health problems. Because of the toxic air quality, millions of humans and animals, will be at a high mortality rate.

Now that the air is highly polluted filled with toxic contaminants, the human race will have to live and accommodate themselves indoors. Humans will not be able to be in the outdoors because of the risk of getting sick and attracting a disease. Because they will live indoors, humans will get used to this new way of living. They will do all their normal activities in enclosed spaces. To survive, advancements in technology will emerge. Animals will start to appear and live freely in the outdoors

The rate of air quality will drastically decrease. Progressively, pollution will decrease and the small amount of animals that survived the toxic air, are already living in the outdoors. The landscape of the world will be appropriated by animals. However, humans are starting to be able to go to the outdoors. There starts to be a balance between humans and animals in the world. Because of everything that happened, humans are much more cautious with pollution and climate change, and they will care for the well-being of the earth.

Scenarios

WORLD GETS HOT DUE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMIC CRISIS

CONTAMINATION INCREASES

HUMANS STAY INDOORS TO SURVIVE

DEATHS OF LIVING BEINGS

AGGLOMARATION OF PEOPLE

AIR QUALITY IS HARMFULL

SEA LEVEL RISES

TOXIC WASTE

PRESENT

2045

HEAVY POLLUTION Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

HUMANS LIVE INDOORS

LESS LAND BECAUSE OF SEA LEVEL RISE 2070

HUMAN INDOOR LIVING

Scenario Diagram

ANIMALS START TO RE-APPEAR ON THE OUTDOORS

OBESITY INCREASES DUE LACK OF MOBILITY

ANIMALS TAKE OVER THE EXTERIOR WORLD LIVING INDOORS BECOMES THE “NEW WAY” OF LIFE

TECHNOLOGICAL BOOM

6-8 FEET SEA LEVEL RISE 2095

2120

ANIMALS TAKE OVER 30

ADMINISTRATIVE

RESIDENTIAL / INSTRUCTIONAL

INSTRUCTIONAL

URBAN FARM

AIR-MASKS FACTORY

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Future Scenario + Strategies

31

1. HEAVY POLLUTION

Phase 1 - DRONE START-UP factory//office

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Atmospheric Scenario 1

32

2. HUMAN INDOOR LIVING Use was not pursued further

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Atmospheric Scenario 2 - Not pursued

33

3. RE-BIRTH Phase 2 - ECOLOGICAL/AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER urban farm/instructional

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Atmospheric Scenario 3

34

“With humans in lockdown, animals flourish”

“The coronavirus pandemic has halted tourism, and animals are benefiting from it” -The Washington Post

-MNN

“Coronavirus lockdown has changed life for animals and some are returning to their natural habitats”

-Newsweekly

“Emboldened wild animals venture into locked-down cities worldwide”

“Wildlife are roaming free, while humans self-isolate” -World Economic Forum “As coronavirus restrictions empty streets around the world, wildlife roam further into cities” -The Guardian

-CNBC

“Animals Are Rewilding Our Cities”

-The New York Times Magazine

“When Humans Are Sheltered in Place, Wild Animals Will Play”

“As Humans stay indoors, wild animals take back what was once theirs”

-The Washington Post

COVID-19 Outbreak Causation

-The New York Times

“Animals are taking over”

-LA Times

Air Quality - Before and Current // Europe

Air Quality - Before and Current // China

Animals taking over // Covid-19

Before and Current // New Delhi-India

COVID-19 Outbreak Causation

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Site Plan

37

RECEIVING AREA

STORAGE ROOM

<-CIRCULATION

SORTING SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE

RESTROOMS

ELEVATOR

CIRCULATION->

ASSEMBLING PHASE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE

TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE

MECHANICAL ROOM

ELECTRICAL CLOSET

EGRESS STAIRS

TRASH ROOM

DRONE TESTING

STORAGE ROOM

KITCHEN CIRCULATION->

READY FOR INVENTORY SHIPMENT

RESTROOMS INVENTORY/ STORAGE MECHANICAL ROOM

ATRIUM DRONE TESTING

PICK-UP AREA

ELEVATOR ELECTRICAL CLOSET

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

EGRESS STAIRS

KITCHEN

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

SHIPPING PHASE

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

CIRCULATION->

<-CIRCULATION

CIRCULATION->

TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE TABLES WITH STORAGE SPACE

TRASH ROOM

LOBBY

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

STORAGE ROOM

Rooftop Roof Garden Terraces Winter Gardens Open Plan Offices Conference Room Kitchen Area Factory Area Lobby Services Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Program Diagrams // Phase 1 - Drone Start-Up

38

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Ground Floor - Phase 1

39

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Mezzanine (GF) - Phase 1

40

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Typical Office Plan - Phase 1

41

OBBY

TRASH ROOM

MECHANICAL ROOM

ELECTRICAL CLOSET

EGRESS STAIRS

STACKED VEGETATION

SHIPPING PHASE

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

CIRCULATION->

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

STACKED VEGETATION STACKED VEGETATION

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

STACKED VEGETATION STACKED VEGETATION

STORAGE ROOM

STACKED VEGETATION STACKED VEGETATION

RESTROOMS

FARMERS MARKET

FARMERS MARKET

RESTROOMS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS

STORAGE ROOM MECHANICAL ROOM

ELEVATOR

FARMERS MARKET

FARMERS MARKET

ELECTRICAL CLOSET

EGRESS STAIRS SINKS

MECHANICAL ROOM

ELEVATOR ELECTRICAL CLOSET

ATRIUM FARMERS MARKET

FARMERS MARKET

EGRESS STAIRS

TABLES

CLEANING AREA

CIRCULATION->

LOUNGE

READY FOR MARKET

READY FOR MARKET

KITCHEN CIRCULATION->

TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS

TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS

ORGANIZING PHASE TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS

<-CIRCULATION

KITCHEN

SORTING SPACE CIRCULATION->

RIUM

ELEVATOR

TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT TABLES TO WORK FOR SHIPMENT

LOBBY

TRASH ROOM

<-CIRCULATION

INVENTORY/ STORAGE

LOADING DOCK

READY FOR INVENTORY SHIPMENT

RESTROOMS

<-CIRCULATION

RONE STING

RONE STING

PICK-UP AREA

TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS TABLES TO ARRANGE PRODUCTS

Rooftop Roof Garden Outdoor Classrooms Winter Gardens Indoor Classrooms Urban Farm/Research Farmers Market Services Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Program Diagrams // Phase 2 - Research Center

42

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Ground Floor - Phase 2

43

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Mezzanine (GF) - Phase 2

44

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Typical Classroom Layout - Phase 2

45

60”

60”

30”

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Accesibility Plan

46

EMERGENCY EXIT PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER ESCAPE ROUTES FIRE ALARM CALL POINT ASSEMBLY POINT FIRST AID KIT

https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/arch262/calculators/allowable-area/index.html

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Life Safety Plan

47

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Section Perspective // Phase 1

48

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Section Perspective // Phase 2

49

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

West Elevation

50

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

North Elevation

51

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

East Elevation

52

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

South Elevation

53

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Whole Building Perspective

54

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Faรงade Close-Ups

55

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Winter Garden

56

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Roof Garden

57

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Ground Floor // Phase 1

58

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Ground Floor // Phase 2

59

1 Atrium Section Fresh Air System Exhaust

Variable Air Volume ducts for fresh air source when natural ventilation isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t available. Remains the same for both scenarios. Dehumidifcation provided in VAV system for summer needs.

Skylight with operable louvers for natural ventilation.

Metal mesh attached to the operable louvers for exhaust.

Heating & Cooling System

Passive natural venitaltion system with stack effect.

Radiant heating and cooling tubes within concrete slab of floors.

Remains the same for both scenarios.

1

Water System

Plumbing Walls used for clean water source.

Greywater treated through settling tank and constructed wetland.

In first scenario greywater is reused for non-clean water needs and plantings in winter gardens. Then, both the greywater and stormwater are treated and stored in a water storage tank for use in vertical urban farming program.

Fire Sprinkler System

Vertical expansion in scenario 2

Sprinkler water pipes located through the egress stair, with separate water pump in basement. Remains the same for both scenarios.

Triangulated metal mesh shading system, exteriorly mounted.

Triangle berms create sloped paths for rainwater.

Landscape will be filled with a variety of plant life to attract as many different species as possible.

Bioswale collects rainwater from perimeter of triangulated landscape.

Geothermal heat pump for radiant heating and cooling.

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Settling tank for greywater to be treated through wetland and reused in building for both scenarios.

Constructed wetland filters and cleans the water for use in urban farming.

Integrated Building Systems // Active Systems + Human Comfort

Opaque White = Scenario 2 Changes

60

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

Winter Garden Detail at Southeast corner Creating semi-conditioned environments for human use and allowing natural ventilation through operable windows.

Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Winter Garden Detail

61

Typical Stack Effect Detail

EXTERIOR

EXIT ATRIUM

Natural ventilation passes through operable windows on the exterior facade and interior curtain wall. This creates a stack effect where the hot air is now exiting through the atrium space.

Electrical Conduit/Cable Tray Horizontal distribution through Plenum Space Open web steel joist Urban farming (Scenario 2) makes use of grey water system with new added water pipe through floor system.

Suspended metal mesh ceiling Air duct supply Part 3 - Use + Active Systems

Sprinkler Radiant heatVAV box head ing & cooling Typical Stack Effect Detail

Fire system main drain 62

Thank you to everybody who was involved in the making of this amazing project, despite the challenges, this is a semester to remember.

-Allan & Steph