ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design-Flat Pack House

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University

Spring 2020 Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier Xuenan Wu Dehong Zhang

Introduction + Manifesto Contents 02 Introduction + Manifesto 02 Phase 1: The Enduring 03-08 Phase 2: The Evolving 09-12 Phase 3: The Ephemeral 13-20

Contents

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

The possibility of “flatpack house.”

Thinking about the future.

The concept of mass production of modular housing is not a new concept. In this semester, we invested our time learning about a relatively new construction system in the mass production world: CLT panel construction. Based on our research, we’ve learned that this type of construction is sustainable, less costly with its prefab therefore fast on-site construction with less waste. Yet CLT construction is still considered new in North America with few codes and precidents, where most of the precidents are boxy and less innovative in terms of architectural design.

Thus, in this semester, we dedicated to develop more creative layout of CLT building with deep consideration of intergration system.

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

PHASE 1 THE ENDURING

Structural system: CLT Panel construction

Based on our early study, we learned some crucial facts about the CLT panel construction: 1. The load bearing walls have to stand all the way from the ground. Which means our floor plan will be mostly the same / rigid. 2. One of the most cost efficient product dimension of CLT panel is 10’ x 20’.

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

SUSTAINABLE

FAST

CHEAP

FLEXIBLE

CLP panel construction has advantage of wood construction: sustainable and capable to function as storage of carbon. It also consumes less energy to produce compare with other methods that need more fossil fuel.

Multiple precedents and research essays had proved the fact that CLT panel construction is faster than most of the construction method.

Due to the less time and less labor required, the CLT panel construction is usually less costly.

Unlike concrete and steel, CLT panel is relatively flexible in terms of removing / adding members from the existing structure.

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Assembly

5-ply CLT Floor Screws

10'

Metal Plate

7"

Tight Fit dowels or bolts

5-ply CLT Wall

10'

9'-9"

10'-7"

A

5-ply CLT Wall

7"

5-ply CLT Floor

B

4'-8"

4' Concrete Footing

C Concrete Foundation

10'

On the left is the common assemble method and on the right the section shows the joint in detail.

A

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

B

C

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Modules Variation

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Phase 1 IBS Drawing

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

PHASE 2 THE EVOLVING

Green roof

He at ex ch an ge r

Cl ad In ding su CL la�o T n pa ne l

Gr

ille

sh ad Gl in as g sr ail in g

Phase 2 IBS Drawing Rainwater collect pipe Recycled water pipe

Stormwater drainage system

Vegeta�on Insula�on Water proof CLT panel floor Rain water collect drainage Drop ceiling Collec�on tank

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

room

Flow diagram

turn large open window to recieve most direct sulight

Poten�al entrance

Back street

Poten�al entrance

Main street: Western Ave

Park

CO2

Chips, shaving or wood waste

CO2

Carbon storage

green roof and stepping landscape collect strom water buffer zone strategy on the south facade

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Elevataion

South facade with buffer zone.

North facade.

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

PHASE 3 THCAE EVOLVING

HVAC system

The medical use requires higher standard of constant air temperature and air quality.

Therefore, the quality of air intake ducts connecting back to central HVAC mechanical room is larger than the school use. In school, users are encouraged to open windows, enjoy the natural ventilation and step out to the outdoor patio.

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

S T E E P 1 Global popula�on growth is striking new record at 7.8 billion!

Build faster! Innova�ve CLT modular construc�on method has been approved by various governments in the world.

Warmest winter ever for the Great Boston areas with none snow-day closure for colleges

The new discovered epidemic crashed global stock markets

The President proposed new act regarding the Environmental Protec�on Ini�a�ve star�ng next month

More youth people start to recoginze apartments as their permanent homes with cheaper cost.

In order to resolve the overpopulaďż˝on, the government now encourages more people to live in apartments with ďŹ nancial aid.

State of California reaches an average of 104 °F for summer season, se�ng a new record.

The rising demand of aordable housing now at its peak, and governement is considering transform more public spaces into housing projects.

Yes

2

The government announces that any future housing projects will not be using any forms of public space, including parks.

Instead, they will be constructed with more sustainable yet eďŹƒciency construcďż˝on methods.

In Boston, people are protes�ng the fact that the city council is considering transform part of the Boston Common into several 40-storey city housing towers.

No

Thanks to corporaďż˝ons between several tech ďŹ rms and fabricaďż˝on companies,the architecture world now can enjoys 100% solar energy eďŹƒciency panels in various forms and appearances.

The increased solar radia�on has caused an increase of use of air condi�oning by more than 80% compared with past years.

10 Y

Less demand for suburban houses Increased demand for city apartments

30 Y More than 80% new constructed complexes built during the past several years are self-powered with high eďŹƒciency panels.

The current buildings are moun�ng the panels as well to reduce their energy usages.

Due to massive amount of construc�on of housing projects to accommondate overpopula�on, there are less than 10% public parks and greeneries remaining amount the great Boston areas.

3

The UV (ultraviolet radia�on) from the sun ge�ng into the atmosphere has reached record high since a series of highest temperature records happened during the last few years.

Mul�ple construc�on companies now are tes�ng more poten�al construc�on materials to work with modular system.

Scenerio Planning

Architects and Engineers now are seeking potenďż˝al soluďż˝ons to reposiďż˝on the “greenâ€? programs within the interior space of the self-powered buildings.

Scenario 1 Interior Greenery

Due to decreased area of forest and increased amount of carbon emission, the record high global land and ocean surface temperature making more than half of the Antarc�ca mel�ng down, causing an increasing rate of sea level rise.

More than half new housing projects now are applying modular construc�on methods with reduced on-site periods.

Scenario 2 Alterna�ve Ground Floor

The Local Government Association (LGA) is calling for the government to restore powers to councils enabling them to open new maintained schools if residents support them, and for new powers for councils to require academies to expand to meet local demand.

50 Y Scenario 3 Add-ons Construc�on

Scenario 1 Phase I (a) Low-cost community youth hostel (b) Community center Phase II (a) Self-powered Botany research lab (b) Outdoor activies center Phase III (a) Indoor public park (b) Indoor urban farm

Scenario 2 Phase I (a) Residential/OďŹƒce tower with commericals on the ground oor Phase II (a) Institutional research lab (b) Fabrication center for CLT modular Phase III (a) Mixed use community with exible ground oor space

Scenario 3 Phase I (a) Pre-fab compact condominium community Phase II (a) Dual-service tower with mixed use of oďŹƒce and housing (b) Public roof garden recreation center Phase III (a) Mixed use complex... expanding

News source: “Boston Coronavirus News: Suffolk Dorm to Shelter the Homeless, the DPH Commissioner Tests Positive, and Basketball Is Canceled�, bosonmagazine.com, https://www. bostonmagazine.com/news/2020/03/30/suffolkuniversity-dph-commissioner-supplies-shortage/

Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

Anntoinette Bramble, the chair of the LGA’s children and young people board, said that without such changes children were at risk of not having a secondary school place.

List of poten�al uses during each phase

News source: “England school places shortage ‘made worse by academies’�, thegurdiran.com, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/ aug/26/england-school-places-shortage-madeworse-by-academies

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang

Councils are warning that a looming shortage in the number of school places across England is being made worse by academies, as last decade’s baby boom enters secondary schools over the next five years.

The government has agreed on the purposal that with approved structural condiďż˝ons there can be extra add-ons for more modular construcďż˝ons to accommodate the increasing housing and oďŹƒce demand.

New construc�on code has been approved that all new buildings’ design will require alterna�ve schemes to abandon the ground oor and to redirect the neccessary programs elsewhere in the buildling.

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ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Administra�on office Teacher’s office Conference room Staff office office Administra�on office Docter’s office Nursing sta�on Conference room Staff office

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

Classroom Lecture hall Studio Prac�ce room Workshop Group study room

professional use Consultant room Therapy room Wai�ng area Check-in / Check-out Radiology Running lab Nutri�on bar Gym

Lobby Lounge Kitchen Cafeteria Gym

share space Lobby Lounge Kitchen Cafeteria Gym

Dorm Living room Landary room Kitchen

dwelling Pa�ent’s room Landary room Kitchen Nursing office

facility

Site Plan Floor Plan

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Phase 3 IBS Drawing In winter, the buffer zone will preheat the air entering the heat exchanger with its concrete thermal mass. The heat exchanger will process the air to provide extra heat to the interior. In this way, the dependency on HVAC active system can be reduced

Central atrium with opening on the ceiling creates channel for cross ventilation within the building. In school use, users can open windows and reduce the use of active system.

Green roof provides extra insulation and cooling effect for the building. Additionally, it can help with solving the heat island effect in the city and collect storm water.

Shading length is measured to shade summer’s direct sun exposure and let winter’s sun heating the thermal mass on the ground of buffer zone.

rm ste We e Av

buffer zone

concrete thermal mass

heat exchanger

Medical / IN WINTER

Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

shading green roof

cenral atrium

School / IN FALL

air duct

S

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Phase 3 IBS Drawing

School

Open windows / More natural ven�la�on Air heated by buffer zone Less intake air ducts More natural ven�la�on

More intake air ducts

Air heated by buffer zone shading green roof air duct buffer zone

Medical

heat exchanger concrete thermal mass

IN WINTER

IN FALL

S Xuenan Wu / Dehong Zhang Instructor: Abigail Ransmeier

ARCH 5120 Comprehensive Design Studio Northeastern University Spring 2020

Lobby and room