Health and Employment Bulletin: Local statistics August 2013
Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Economic activity and unemployment AREA Bolton Bury Manchester Oldham Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan Greater Manchester North West United Kingdom
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 121,700 72.9% -3.0% 98,100 84.8% 6.3% 264,400 70.5% 6.5% 99,900 71.7% 1.2% 89,900 69.3% -3.4% 115,500 74.5% 0.8% 143,400 79.2% 3.4% 106,800 75.9% 4.2% 107,800 77.2% -0.5% 152,200 77.3% -0.1% 1,299,700 74.7% 2.0% 3,354,200 75.6% 0.6% 30,944,100 77.0% 0.9%
Below the national average
ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 45,100 27.1% 2.5% 17,600 15.2% -29.0% 110,700 29.5% -8.3% 39,300 28.3% 0.3% 39,700 30.7% 6.7% 39,500 25.5% 0.8% 37,600 20.8% -7.8% 33,800 24.1% -9.9% 31,900 22.8% 4.6% 44,800 22.7% -1.3% 440,100 25.3% -4.2% 1,083,800 24.4% -2.9% 9,259,800 23.0% -2.5%
UNEMPLOYED NUMBER
RATE
11,700 8,100 34,300 9,800 8,700 12,400 7,000 10,200 7,200 14,000 123,500 284,900 2,471,800
9.6% 8.3% 13.0% 9.9% 9.6% 10.7% 4.9% 9.6% 6.7% 9.2% 9.5% 8.5% 8.0%
ANNUAL CHANGE -4.1% -4.7% 11.0% -4.9% -26.3% -8.8% -35.2% 6.3% -18.2% -1.4% -5.6% -5.1% -1.7%
At or above the national average
Of the Greater Manchester local authorities, Bury has the highest economic activity rate (84.8%) – significantly above the national average (77.0%). This is joined by Stockport (79.2%), Trafford (77.2%) and Wigan (77.3%), all areas with low levels of economic deprivation.
Amongst those with below average economic activity rates, Rochdale had the highest proportion of economic inactivity – at 30.7%, this was over seven percentage points higher than the national average (23.0%).
In four of the local authority areas, the number of economically active individuals was falling. Rochdale, which saw a 3.4% annual decrease, contrasted with the 2.0% rise in economically active individuals in Greater Manchester and the 0.9% annual increase nationally.
Only two local authorities had below average unemployment rates – Stockport (at 4.9%, significantly lower than the national average) and Trafford (6.7%). Manchester had the highest unemployment rate of 13.0%, five percentage points above the UK average of 8.0%.
Unemployment has fallen across almost all local authorities. Only Tameside (6.3% annual increase) and Manchester (11.0% annual increase) experienced increases in the number of unemployed individuals. Stockport, by comparison, has seen a fall of one-third in the number of unemployed residents.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Employment and self-employment AREA Bolton Bury Manchester Oldham Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan Greater Manchester North West United Kingdom
IN EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 110,000 65.9% -2.9% 90,000 77.8% 7.3% 230,100 61.3% 5.8% 90,000 64.7% 1.8% 81,300 62.7% 0.0% 103,100 66.5% 2.1% 136,400 75.4% 6.6% 96,500 68.7% 3.9% 100,600 72.0% 1.1% 138,100 70.1% -0.1% 1,176,200 67.6% 2.8% 3,069,300 69.2% 1.2% 28,472,300 70.8% 1.1%
Below the national average
EMPLOYEES NUMBER
RATE
96,600 79,100 203,800 79,100 69,200 90,600 118,000 84,900 86,700 125,500 1,033,400 2,675,800 24,441,100
57.9% 68.3% 54.3% 56.8% 53.4% 58.5% 65.2% 60.4% 62.1% 63.7% 59.4% 60.3% 60.8%
ANNUAL CHANGE -4.5% 7.6% 6.4% -0.1% -4.8% 0.3% 7.6% 5.7% -0.1% 2.1% 2.5% 1.1% 0.9%
SELF-EMPLOYED ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 12,300 7.4% 2.5% 10,600 9.1% 7.1% 23,300 6.2% -1.3% 10,200 7.3% 20.0% 11,300 8.7% 39.5% 10,900 7.0% 5.8% 17,200 9.5% -4.4% 11,000 7.8% -9.1% 13,200 9.4% 5.6% 12,100 6.2% -16.6% 132,100 7.6% 2.0% 367,200 8.3% 0.0% 3,801,300 9.5% 0.8%
At or above the national average
Only 3 of the Greater Manchester authorities have an employment rate above the national average (70.8%). The highest employment rate is in Bury (77.8%), which links closely with Bury’s high economic activity rate. Comparatively, Manchester has the lowest employment rate (61.3%) alongside the second highest economic inactivity rate.
The number of people in employment has increased across Greater Manchester at a faster rate (+2.8%) than nationally (+1.1%), whilst Bury has seen an annual increase of 7.3%. Both Bolton (-2.9%) and Wigan (-0.1%) have seen reductions in employment.
Greater Manchester local authorities have relatively low levels of self-employed individuals. Only one local authority, Stockport (9.5%), has a self-employed rate higher than the national average.
This has varied significantly over the course of a year. Wigan has seen a fall of 16.6% in the number of self-employed individuals, yet Rochdale has seen an increase of nearly 40%.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Economically inactive who are sick and who want a job INACTIVE AND TEMPORARILY SICK INACTIVE AND LONG-TERM SICK ANNUAL ANNUAL NUMBER RATE NUMBER RATE CHANGE CHANGE Bolton 900 1.9% 12.5% 10,900 24.1% 0.9% Bury 4,300 24.6% -43.4% Manchester 3,500 3.2% 94.4% 23,600 21.3% -13.2% Oldham 900 2.2% -10.0% 11,700 29.7% 10.4% Rochdale 800 2.1% -11.1% 10,400 26.2% 5.1% Salford 1,000 2.5% -16.7% 13,000 32.9% -12.8% Stockport 900 2.3% 0.0% 7,400 19.7% -20.4% Tameside 700 2.2% -30.0% 13,200 39.0% 0.0% Trafford 6,700 21.1% 13.6% Wigan 13,200 29.5% -13.2% Greater Manchester 9,400 2.1% 1.1% 114,400 26.0% -8.2% North West 21,600 2.0% -5.7% 281,500 26.0% -4.2% United Kingdom 186,500 2.0% 5.2% 2,054,200 22.2% -3.9% PLEASE NOTE: Some figures are too small to be presented here. AREA
Below the national average
INACTIVE AND WANT A JOB ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 11,400 25.3% 29.5% 4,100 23.6% -26.8% 32,300 29.2% 3.9% 12,200 31.1% 8.9% 10,000 25.1% -4.8% 7,500 18.9% -11.8% 7,600 20.3% -29.6% 10,900 32.2% 19.8% 6,500 20.4% -9.7% 11,400 25.5% -10.9% 114,000 25.9% -1.3% 267,800 24.7% 2.3% 2,272,600 24.5% 1.2%
At or above the national average
Greater Manchester has, on the whole, a proportion of inactive individuals sick than nationally. This is in both the temporary (2.1% against 2.0% nationally) and long-term sick (26.0% against 22.2% nationally) groups. As a result, this means that the majority of local authorities have higher than national inactive and sick rates.
Manchester has the highest proportion of inactive individuals who are temporarily sick, at 3.2%, well above the national rate of 2.0%. Tameside has nearly two-fifths (39.0%) of its inactive claimants as long-term sick, the highest in Greater Manchester. This suggests Tameside has a significant issue with long-term sick individuals.
The annual change in short-term sick figures varies considerably, but due to the relatively small numbers and margins of error here, the variance over the year is not as useful as it could be. The long-term sick figures are more robust, and show a variance of between a 13.6% increase (Trafford) and a 43.4% decrease (Bury).
Six of Greater Manchester’s ten local authorities have higher rates of inactive residents who want a job than nationally. At the highest, 32.2% of Tameside inactive residents want a job, compared to just 18.9% in Salford. Overall, the changes have varied between a 29.5% rise in Bolton to a 29.6% drop in Stockport.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Disabled individuals DISABLED AREA Bolton Bury Manchester Oldham Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan Greater Manchester North West United Kingdom
NUMBER
RATE
37,800 21,700 76,200 34,200 30,700 38,400 34,200 41,000 28,900 46,100 389,200 981,100 8,352,500
22.7% 18.7% 20.3% 24.6% 23.7% 24.8% 18.9% 29.2% 20.7% 23.4% 22.4% 22.1% 20.8%
Below the national average
ANNUAL CHANGE 1.1% -13.2% 4.1% 2.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.6% 5.9% -2.0% -6.9% 0.0% -1.2% 0.3%
DISABLED MALES ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 17,000 20.3% 3.7% 8,800 15.1% -24.1% 37,500 18.9% 8.1% 16,400 24.1% 3.1% 13,700 21.2% 3.0% 20,800 25.9% 12.4% 14,900 16.7% 11.2% 18,200 26.3% 4.0% 12,200 17.3% -13.5% 20,800 21.2% -15.4% 180,200 20.5% 0.2% 449,500 20.3% -4.1% 3,874,300 19.3% -0.6%
DISABLED FEMALES ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 20,800 25.0% -1.0% 12,900 22.3% -3.7% 38,800 21.9% 0.5% 17,800 25.0% 2.3% 17,100 26.1% 0.0% 17,600 23.6% -10.2% 19,300 21.0% -6.3% 22,800 31.9% 7.0% 16,700 24.1% 7.7% 25,300 25.6% 1.6% 209,000 24.3% -0.1% 531,700 23.9% 1.5% 4,478,200 22.2% 1.1%
At or above the national average
Six of Greater Manchester’s local authorities have disabled rates above the national average, with almost 3 in 10 Tameside residents (29.2%) self-identified as disabled – this links closely with the high rate of long-term sick inactivity in Tameside. This has contributed to a disabled rate of 22.4% across Greater Manchester, above the national rate of 20.8%.
Most local authorities have seen an increase over the year in the number of individuals who are considered disabled. However, Bury has seen a significant decrease of 13.2% over the year.
The number of disabled females in Greater Manchester is significantly higher than the national average. Only Manchester (21.9%) and Stockport (21.0%) have lower than average female disabled rates.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Disabled economic activity AREA Bolton Bury Manchester Oldham Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan Greater Manchester North West United Kingdom
DISABLED AND ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 18,800 49.8% 3.3% 14,200 65.7% 2.9% 38,800 50.8% 16.5% 15,900 46.4% 1.9% 13,100 42.6% -5.8% 18,300 47.5% 7.6% 20,600 60.3% 2.0% 20,800 50.7% 7.2% 16,000 55.5% -9.6% 24,500 53.2% 6.5% 201,000 51.6% 4.7% 500,500 51.0% -0.7% 4,652,500 55.7% 3.2%
Below the national average
DISABLED AND IN EMPLOYMENT NUMBER
RATE
15,100 11,100 31,300 14,300 10,600 15,500 19,000 17,700 14,700 21,600 171,000 437,500 4,095,600
40.1% 51.1% 41.1% 42.0% 34.3% 40.4% 55.6% 43.3% 51.0% 46.9% 43.9% 44.6% 49.0%
ANNUAL CHANGE -5.6% -14.0% 16.8% 0.7% -6.2% 12.3% 2.2% 2.3% -1.3% 4.3% 2.8% 0.0% 3.0%
DISABLED AND UNEMPLOYED NUMBER
RATE
3,700 3,200 7,400 1,500 2,500 2,800 1,600 3,100 1,300 2,900 30,000 63,100 557,000
19.5% 22.2% 19.2% 9.6% 19.3% 15.1% 7.9% 14.7% 8.1% 11.9% 14.9% 12.6% 12.0%
ANNUAL CHANGE 68.2% 255.6% 15.6% 7.1% -3.8% -12.5% -5.9% 47.6% -53.6% 26.1% 17.2% -4.5% 5.3%
At or above the national average
Greater Manchester has a below-average economic activity rate for disabled individuals. Just two authorities – Bury (65.7%) and Stockport (60.3%) – have higher than national disabled economic activity rates. This leads onto lower than average disabled employment rates and higher than average disabled unemployment rates.
Compared to the overall economic activity rate of 74.7% in Greater Manchester, the disabled economic activity rate (51.6%) is significantly low. Similarly, the disabled employment rate is less than 50%, compared to an overall employment rate of 67.6%, whilst unemployment amongst disabled people (14.9% in GM) is higher than the overall unemployment rate (9.5%).
Despite this, economic activity has grown at a faster rate amongst disabled individuals in Greater Manchester than nationally, rising by 4.7%. In Manchester, the number of disabled and economically active individuals has risen by 16.5%.
Similarly, disabled employment has risen by 16.8% in Manchester, yet has fallen in other districts, with Bury experiencing the greatest fall of 14.0%. However, unemployment has risen significantly in Greater Manchester amongst disabled people. Whilst overall unemployment has fallen by 5.6% in GM, disabled unemployment has risen by 17.2%.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Benefit claimants TOTAL BENEFIT CLAIMANTS AREA Bolton Bury Manchester Oldham Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan Greater Manchester North West Great Britain
NUMBER
RATE
32,010 18,820 70,360 26,900 27,740 30,790 24,170 26,650 17,730 35,640 310,820 779,000 5,621,910
18.1% 15.9% 19.7% 19.0% 20.4% 19.7% 13.5% 18.7% 12.3% 17.3% 17.7% 17.1% 14.1%
Below the national average
ANNUAL CHANGE -2.3% -2.5% -2.8% -2.2% -3.9% -2.8% -3.4% -4.0% -3.3% -3.4% -3.0% -2.9% -2.4%
OUT-OF-WORK BENEFIT CLAIMANTS ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 26,460 14.9% -3.9% 15,460 13.0% -3.8% 60,970 17.1% -4.2% 22,330 15.8% -4.0% 23,190 17.0% -5.7% 26,290 16.9% -4.3% 19,330 10.8% -5.7% 22,330 15.7% -5.6% 14,410 10.0% -4.9% 29,530 14.3% -5.2% 260,300 14.8% -4.6% 641,600 14.1% -4.7% 4,600,620 11.6% -4.2%
DISABLED BENEFIT CLAIMANTS NUMBER
RATE
2,230 1,550 3,790 1,740 1,760 1,950 2,250 1,910 1,570 2,460 21,220 57,550 441,640
1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.2% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.1%
ANNUAL CHANGE 7.2% 6.2% 6.5% 5.5% 5.4% 6.6% 6.1% 5.5% 5.4% 5.6% 6.0% 6.8% 6.8%
At or above the national average
Greater Manchester has persistently higher levels of benefit claimants than nationally. All areas apart from Stockport and Trafford have higher than national claimant rates across all benefits, and across all out of work benefits. Trafford has the lowest of these rates – 12.3% total benefit claimant rate and 10.0% out-of-work benefit claimant rate.
Comparatively, over 1 in 5 individuals in Rochdale (20.4%) now claims a benefit – the highest rate in Greater Manchester. Overall, though, total benefit claimant numbers have fallen, with Tameside seeing the largest fall of 4.0% over the year.
Manchester has the highest out-of-work benefit claimant rate of 17.1% - significantly above the 11.6% national rate. Simultaneously, claimant numbers for these benefits are falling at a faster rate in Greater Manchester than nationally. Both Rochdale and Stockport experienced the greatest fall of 5.7% over the year.
There was little variation between the national and local benefit claimant rates for disabled individuals, with all local authorities on a par with, or higher than the national average of 1.1%. However, these figures have been rising significantly, with Bolton experiencing the greatest annual increase of 7.2%.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Local authority information
Out-of-work benefit claimants JOBSEEKER BENEFIT CLAIMANTS AREA
Bolton Bury Manchester Oldham Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Trafford Wigan Greater Manchester North West Great Britain
NUMBER
RATE
8,180 4,650 19,300 7,470 7,010 7,870 5,670 6,790 4,430 9,200 80,570 188,390 1,443,280
4.6% 3.9% 5.4% 5.3% 5.1% 5.0% 3.2% 4.8% 3.1% 4.5% 4.6% 4.1% 3.6%
Below the national average
ANNUAL CHANGE 0.5% 2.2% 0.9% 2.0% -4.2% 0.5% -4.7% -0.7% -1.8% 5.1% 0.3% -2.0% -2.4%
EMPLOYMENT AND SUPPORT ALLOWANCE / INCAPACITY BENEFIT CLAIMANTS ANNUAL NUMBER RATE CHANGE 14,760 8.3% -5.3% 8,840 7.5% -5.2% 32,350 9.0% -4.3% 11,690 8.3% -5.0% 13,030 9.6% -5.2% 14,670 9.4% -5.0% 10,940 6.1% -4.3% 12,480 8.8% -7.3% 8,120 5.6% -5.5% 16,910 8.2% -8.3% 143,790 8.2% -5.5% 366,350 8.0% -4.6% 2,491,320 6.3% -2.9%
LONE PARENT BENEFIT CLAIMANTS NUMBER
RATE
2,640 1,500 7,450 2,550 2,450 2,990 2,080 2,350 1,440 2,540 27,980 66,650 510,030
1.5% 1.3% 2.1% 1.8% 1.8% 1.9% 1.2% 1.6% 1.0% 1.2% 1.6% 1.5% 1.3%
ANNUAL CHANGE -7.4% -9.6% -12.9% -11.8% -10.3% -12.1% -13.0% -8.9% -11.1% -15.6% -11.7% -11.0% -12.3%
At or above the national average
As with the total benefits rates above, Stockport and Trafford both have lower claimant rates for JSA, ESA / IB and lone parent IS than nationally. In the ESA / IB group, the variation locally is significant. Trafford has the lowest claimant rate of 5.6%, whereas Rochdale has the highest of 9.6%.
Over time, ESA / IB and lone parent IS numbers are falling – more significantly so amongst the lone parent group. The ESA / IB group across Greater Manchester are all experiencing a greater decrease than nationally. Wigan has seen the largest decrease of 8.3%, while Manchester and Stockport have each seen the lowest decreases of 4.3%. This is in comparison to a national fall of just 2.9%.
This is closely linked with the increase of jobseekers annually, compared to a national decrease. As IB claimants have been reassessed for ESA, some have been found fit for work and placed onto JSA rather than ESA. This could explain the drop in ESA / IB claimants and rise in JSA claimants, but does not explain the relative fall in JSA claimants nationally. This could be due to Greater Manchester residents having fewer opportunities to gain employment, or could be due to more individuals classed as JSA claimants sooner.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Glossary
Glossary Benefit claimants
Includes all individuals who claim a benefit paid by the Department for Work and Pensions. The rate is given as a proportion of the working age population.
Disabled
Individuals who have identified that they have a health condition that affects their day-to-day lives. This is not a clinical diagnosis, but includes people who self-identify that a health condition affects their working lives. The rate is given as a proportion of the working age population.
Economically active
Individuals who are both willing and able to work. Economic activity includes people who are in employment and those who are classed as ILO unemployed – a definition of unemployment by the International Labour Organisation (described below). The economic activity rate is given as a proportion of the total working age population.
Economically inactive
Individuals who are neither in employment nor unemployed. These individuals may be either not looking to work (e.g. they have retired, they are a student, or they choose not to look for work), or are unable (e.g. they look after a home or family member, or they are sick). The inactivity rate is calculated as a proportion of the working age population.
Employed
Individuals who did some form of work or were in employment in the week when the survey took place. This could include being in employment, being on holiday from work, people on government-supported training and employment programmes, and people doing unpaid family work. Note that this definition includes people on the Work Programme, even if they are not actively working. The rate is calculated as a proportion of the total working age population.
Employees
Individuals in employment who are employed by an organisation. This is based on the survey respondents’ own assessment. The rate is calculated as a proportion of the working age population.
ESA
Employment and Support Allowance (ESA): a benefit for individuals who have a health condition or disability that prevents them from being able to work. The claimant rate includes all individuals who claim ESA. There are two rates within this – one for individuals who need some support before returning to work, and must complete some work-related activity (the Work Related Activity Group, or WRAG); and those who cannot work due to a health condition or disability (the Support Group). The rate is given as a proportion of the total working age population.
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Health and Employment Bulletin: Glossary
IB
Incapacity benefit (IB): a benefit for individuals who have a health condition and do not work. The claimant rate includes all individuals who claim IB. This benefit continues to be paid to existing claimants, but since October 2008 no new claimants have been allowed. A claim for ESA must be made instead. All current IB claimants are to undergo a reassessment of their ability to work, and be reassigned to either ESA (if they cannot work or need support towards work) or JSA (if they are fit for work). The rate is given as a proportion of the total working age population.
JSA
Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA): a benefit paid to individuals who are unemployed and looking for work. The claimant rate includes all individuals who have claimed JSA, and those who have been moved onto JSA from another benefit. This does not include all unemployed individuals. The rate is given as a proportion of the total working age population.
LPIS
Lone parent income support (LPIS): a benefit paid to lone parents to support income. The claimant rate includes all LPIS claimants. The rate is given as a proportion of the total working age population.
Out-of-work benefits
Includes all individuals claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance, Incapacity Benefits or Employment and Support Allowance, Income Support for lone parents, or other income-related benefits. The rate is given as a proportion of the total working age population.
Self-employed
Individuals who are in work, but are not employed by an organisation. They own the business that they work for. This is based on the survey respondents’ own assessment. The rate is calculated as a proportion of the total working age population.
Unemployed
This is the ILO definition of unemployment, to make it comparable across countries. This includes all people without a job who were able to start work in the two weeks following the survey, and who had either looked for work in the four weeks prior, or were waiting to start a job they had already obtained. This is different from the jobseeker benefit claimants, who are only those claiming a jobseeker benefit. The rate is calculated as a proportion of all economically active individuals.
Work Programme
The Work Programme is a single programme to help individuals on benefits return to work. Several groups are mandated onto the programme, and there are different criteria for groups to be supported through the programme. JSA claimants and some ESA claimants (in the WRAG) are required to enter the programme at different points during their benefit claim. Companies contracted by DWP are expected to support individuals to work by overcoming their barriers to work – these could be skills or health issues, for example. Payments to companies are based on results, with payments increasing for the hardest to help.
Working age population
All resident individuals aged 16-64
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